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pleasures of the five senses and the mind (8-11). Not having taken vows to discard violence falsehood, stealing, sexual activity, attachment and taking food in the nights. Taking vows for a partial refrainment from these is called Desh virati. If a serious and solemn vow is taken with three yogas and three karanas i.e. if a vow is taken by a person that he will not by mind, voice or body commit these sins; that he would not get them committed by others; and would not countenance them when others commit them, then it is called Sarva virati. This is also called the Navakoti Pachchakkan vow. Avirati arises to the extent that the vow is broken or not conformed to.
KASHAYAS (PASSIONS)
Kash means Samsar. Aya means gain. Actually kashay, therefore, means that which secures samsar for the jiva. Anger, pride, prestige, deception or falseness and avarice-these plunge us in samsar. Therefore, they are called kashays. These kashays have many forms such as attachments, hatred, enmity, hostility, arrogance, craftiness, trickery, lust, greed, possessive propencity, interest etc. Fun, sorrow, delight, excitement, fear, disgust, abhorrence and sexual craving etc. provoke kashays. At the same time, prompted by kashays, they become intenser. So, they are called the nokashayas. The various kashays are described below. The nokashayas also are included in them. The nokashayas should be considered to be implied in the kashays. These also are asravs because even by means of these the bondage of karma takes place.
Asrav
Mainly there are four kashays: They are Anger, Pride, Deception and Avarice. Each of these has four kinds : 1. Extremely violent 2. Violent 3. of the middle level and 4. Mild. The following are the names given to them serially in the shastras. 1. Anantanubandhi Kashay, 2. Aprathyakhyaniya Kashay, 3. Prathyakhyanavaran Kashay, 4. Samjwalan Kashay. Each of these has four such as anger.
1.
ANANTANUBANDHI KASHAY
This kashay binds the soul to endless samsar. It adds bondage to bondage and impels the cycle of life and death to go on
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