________________
Naya and Nikshepa
230
grated truth only one sath or transient ordinary form has been taken into account. This is Sangraha Naya. Whether it is a jiva or ajiva all are sath (truth). Your own safe -- your bungalow - all are transient”. “Whether it is a vata or peepal tree — all are trees”. This example reveals what Sangraha Naya is. It does not take into account the special qualities of an object.
(3) Vyavahar Naya : This means seeing an object in its special form from the practical or empirical point of view. According to this principle, no substance exists with an ordinary or common form. That which is in practice; that which is useful is true; and it is a special quality. If such trees as vata, peepal or bamboo etc. do not exist, are those trees real ? No, what is, is true, whether it is vata or peepal; hence it is a special object.
(4) Rujusutra Naya : Ruju = means simple. It also goes deep, by a simple sutra or statement it gives the knowledge of an object. If an object is existent and if it belongs to us, only then it is accepted as a true object. For example, we do not say that our money that has been lost or robbed is ours but we say that the wealth we have now is ours and we say we have so much money. In the same manner, we do not include in it the money that has been given to us to be used for taking care of by some body but on the basis of what we actually possess, we say, "I have so many thousands or lakhs". This is the knowledge obtained from the Rujusutra Naya.
(5) Shabdha Naya : This Naya recognises an object only as long as it has the same Linga (Gender); Vachana (Number). If the linga and the vachana differ, the object also becomes different. Pot, holy pot, large pot or equal objects, small pot, pitcher and drinking pot are different from them. Incidentally, you may understand a thing thus and it is Shabdha Naya. For example "She is not a wife, she is like a man”. In the same manner, a pot may be a small pot or a big pot; yet we say, why have you brought this pot, I want only a pitcher".
(6) Samabhirooda Naya : This Naya believes that an object is understood by the sound or shabdha. Only then it is
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
