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Dravya (Substances) Gun (Qualities) and Paryay (Modifications)
The Jiva dravya has two kinds of qualities; Natural and Immigrant. Knowledge, faith, fortitude, felicity, character etc. are the natural qualities of the soul. False perception or illusion, attachments and hatred, passions etc. are immigrant qualities. In the same manner, there are different states of existence. The Jiva may be in the state of a householder or in the state of salvation. Even in the state of a householder, there are different states like, the human state, the heavenly state etc. In the human state there are such states as childhood, adolescence, youth, old age etc. All these are modifications. The pudgals possess form, taste, smell, touch, shape, etc. and they do have different states of existence. Gold has such qualities as yellowness, weight, hardness etc, and it has such modified forms as various ornaments, a nugget, melted state, a necklace etc. In the same manner milk, curds and butter are modified forms. The earth, water, fire, wood, stone, wind and metals, darkness, light, sound, shadow are the modified forms of pudgals (inert substances).
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The quality of the akash (space) is the power of immersion or absorption. On account of this reason, it provides space to other substances in it and gives them opportunity for their existence. The akash has such modified forms as Ghatakash (little space in a pot) Phatakash (large space in cloth) Grihakash (large space in a house) or space in the house etc. When akash is bound within a certain limit as if in a pot that part of the space which is thus contained in some place is called ghatakash. Let as say that a pot is broken in the house then that ghatakash is called "Grihakash".
The dharmastikay has such qualities as oneness, helping movement etc. Moreover, it has such modified forms as jivadharmastikay and the pudgal-dharmastikay. The jiva-dharmastikay and the pudgal-dharmastikay are modified forms. In the same manner, the adharmastikay has the qualities of oneness and of helping the staying power. The jiv-adharmastikay and the pudgal-adharmastikay are modified forms.
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