Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Vijibai Jivanlal Panalal Charity Fund Mumbai

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PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION
doctrine. It consists of a great number of Prakrit-Gāthās, which emanate from Candrarşi (Candramahattara) --i.e., from the author of the Gāthās of the sixth Karmagrantha. Its name, Pañcasamgraha “Epitome of Five Things”, the book owes either to the circumstance that it has been compiled from five older books : Sataka, Saptatikā, Kaşayaprābhịta, Satkarma and Praksti (p. 3) or to the five dvāras, of which it treats, namely yogopayogamärganā, bandhakāḥ, baddhavyam, bandhahetavah, and bandhavidhayah (p. 5). It was commented upon by Malayagiri.
3. The Karmaprakrti gives, in 475 Gāthās, the detailed account of a portion of the karman doctrine. It was compiled by Sivasarmasüri, who indicates as his source the chapter of the Agräyaṇīyapūrva of the Destivāda, called “Karmapraksti”. The KP. has often been commented upon. The most celebrated commentary is the Tīkā by Malayagiri ; besides that, there exist a Vrtti by Yaśovijaya, who lived in the 17th century, an anonymous Cūrņi, and a Țippaņa by Nemicandra.
The relations of the karman works to one another and to other books of Jain literature are still in need of thorough examination, which, it must be admitted, can only be made possible when other works of this description will yet have been published. That Devendra was acquainted with the Karmapraksti and the Pañcasamgraha is seen from Kg. II, 144 a : “Devendrasurinā likhitam karmaprakyti-pañcasamgraha-bịhacchatakā-disastrebhyah". Concerning his dependence on the commentaries of Malayagiri nothing for the moment can be said : there are, however, in many different places literal reminiscences of the writing of the latter ; but, as both have made use of still older authors, it cannot be decided to what extent he leans upon him, or how far both go back to a common source.
Candramahattara and Sivašarman indicate as their source the twelfth Anga, the Drstivāda,3 an indication which is also found in
1 (Bțhat-) Sataka and (Karma-) Prakrti are also mentioned elsewhere as older karman works. Saptatikā is probably the 6th Karmagrantha. In Ps. there are only five verses which occur in the Saptatikā, or which are reminiscent of some given therein.
2 Naginbhai Ghelabhai Javeri in his Preface to the edition of the Karmaprakrti.
3 "Siddhapachim mahattham bandhodayasantapayadițhānam |
voccham suna samkhevam nisandam dițțhivāyasa". (6 Kg., v. 1).
Malayagiri remarks: "Dyțivādo hi parikarmasūtraprathamānuyogapūrvagatacủlikātūpapañcaprasthānah. tatra pūrveşu madhye dvitiye agrāyaniyābhidhāne caturdaśavastusamanvite pūrve yat pañcamam vastu vimsatiprābhịtaparimāņam tasya caturtham yat karmaprakytināmakam caturvimsat yanuyogadvāramayam prābhịtam tasmäd ime trayo bandhadayaḥ sūtrakstā leśato vakşyante. tato' yam band hodayasatprakytist hānānām samkşepo dịşțivādasya nisyandarupa). anena ca prakaranas ya