Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Vijibai Jivanlal Panalal Charity Fund Mumbai

Page 93

VI
THE CAUSES OF THE KARMAN AND THE MEANS
FOR ITS ANNIHILATION
1. THE CAUSES OF BONDAGE. Kg. I 1485 et seq., Ps. 365 et seq., Tattv. VIII 1 et seq., Gandhi 54 et seq., Warren 37 et seq.
The penetration of matter into the soul and the transformation of it into karman proceeds through the activity (yoga) of the jiva. The species of karman into which the matter can be transformed is, in addition to the yoga, conditional upon 3 other causes', of which cach as long as it operates, affords the bandha of a certain number of karmaprakrtis. The 4 causes of bondage are :
1. mithyātva, unbelief. 2. avirati, lack of self-discipline, i.e, non-observation of the
commandments. 3. kaşāya, passion.
4. yoga, activity. Each of these chief causes (mūla-hetu) is divided into a number of subdivisions, the secondary causes (uttara-hetu), namely mithyātva in 5, avirati in 12, kasāya in 25, and yoga in 15. The entire number of uttara-hetus amounts therefore to 57.
Every müla-hetu causes the binding of certain karman-species :
Mith yātva causes the bandha of the infernal state of existence ānupūrvi and āyus ; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-sensed class of beings, immovable, common, fine, undeveloped body; warm splendour, worst figure and firmness, 3rd sex, unbelief.
Avirati causes the bandha of 35 prakrtis, 4 anantānubandhin., and 4 apratyākhyānāvarana-kaṣāyas, female sex, the 3 worst kinds of unconsciousness, animal and human state, ānu pūrvi, āyus; the 4 middle figures, the 5 first firmnesses, cold lustre, bad gait, unsympathetic, unsuggestive, ill-sounding, physical body and limbs, low family surround
ings.
The kaşayas produce the bondage of 68 prakytis, i.e. all of them remaining, with the exception of tirthakara, translocation-body and its limbs, and sāta-vedaniya.
1 Several teachers (also Umāsvāti, Tattv. VIII 1) consider as the 5th mulahetu " negligence" (pramāda). According to the opinion of the Kgs. this is already included in avirati.