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VII.)
THE DOCTRINE OF KARMAN
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permanent aupaśamika-samyaktva. When this has happened, he proceeds to the upaśama of the still remaining mohaniya-ks. For this purpose he again performs the 3 karanas : the yathāpravịtti-karana falls into the apramatta-gunasthāna, the apūrva- and the anivịttikarana, into the gunasthānas named after them. If a calculable part of the anivịtti-karana has passed, the jīva performs an antara-karana of the 21 remaining mohanīyas. Then he successively suppresses, within the fraction of a muhurta, the 3rd sex, then the female sex, then joking, liking, disliking, sorrow, fear and disgust; then the male sex, then simultaneously apratyākhyānāvarana and pratyākhyānāvarana anger, then the flaming up anger. Thereupon follows the suppression of the 2nd and 3rd degrees of pride and of the flaming-up pride ; then that of the 2nd and 3rd kinds of deceitfulness and of the flaming-up deceitfulness, and here upon that of the 2nd and 3rd kinds of greed. Then the flaming-up greed becomes divided into 3 parts; the 2 first of these the jīva suppresses simultaneously, the 3rd he divides into a measurable number of pieces, which he suppresses gradually piece by piece. Through this he has become a sūkşmasamparāya. When the last little piece of greed is suppressed, he is an upaśānta-moha. In this state he remains, in the maximum, antarmuhūrta, in the minimum for one samaya. As soon as this time has passed, he falls down from this gunasthāna. This“ prati pāta” follows from 2 causes : either through bhava-kşaya, the termination of the existence, i.e. the death of the individual, or through addha-kşaya, the expiration of the time possible for the upaśānta-moha-state. If a jīva dies in this gunasthāna he is reborn as an Anuttarasura-god, consequently falls immediately from the 11th into the 3rd gunasthāna. If he does not die, at the termination of the upaśānta-state the separated ks are taken up again, and thus he becomes finally a pramatta, under certain circumstances also, a deśavirata, avirata, or even a sāsvādana.
The upaśama-śreni lasts only antarmuhūrta ; it can be ascended twice during an existence; if this has been the case, salvation during that life is impossible. If, on the contrary, it is only once ascended, the individual has still the chance after the downfall of reaching the kşapaka-śreni which leads to nirvāņa.
5. The ksapaka-śreni. Kg. I, 61 a, II, 111 b et seq., 205 b et seq.
The kşapaka-śreņi is the ladder leading to the annihilation of karman. He who has ascended it, extinguishes successively the different species of the sattā-k., becomes in the end altogether free from karman, and thereby attains salvation.
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