Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Vijibai Jivanlal Panalal Charity Fund Mumbai

Page 95

64
JAÎN PHILOSOPHY
CHAP.
The actions caused by the outbreak of passions produce the binding of kaṣāya-mohaniya-ks. The one whose mind is confused through joking, liking, disliking, sorrow, fear and disgust, binds the corresponding nokaṣāya-mohanīya-ks. Slight passionate desire, conjugal fidelity, inclination for right conduct, cause pum-veda-k; jealousy, pusillanimity, mendacity, great sensuality, adultery cause strī-veda-k ; violent love of pleasure and strong passions directed towards sexual intercourse with men and women cause the binding of napumsaka-veda-k.
One who tortures and kills other beings, who strives in an extraordinary manner after possessions, and is governed by life-long passions, obtains naraka-äyus. The deceitful, the fraudulent man, who is in possession of the thorns, binds tir yag-āyus; the humble, sincere one, whose passion is slight, manusya-ayus. One who possesses the right belief, but who only partially or not at all practises selfdiscipline, whose passions are slight, a heretic, who practises foolish asceticism, and involuntarily extinguishes karman (akāma-nirjarā), by suffering hunger and thirst involuntarily, who is chaste, who endures troubles, who falls from mountain-heights, who perishes in fire and water-these obtain deva-āyusa.
Honesty, gentleness, absence of desire, purity cause the bandha of good; the reverse, the bandha of bad nāma-k.
Just recognition of the excellence of others, modesty, reverence towards teachers and masters, the desire to learn and to teach are causes of the bandha of uccair-gotra-k3; the contrary causes bandha of nicair-gotra.
The hindering of the veneration of the Jina, the withholding of food, drink, lodging, clothing, the destroying of the power of others with the help of magic spells, altogether the preparation of hindrances of any kind, causes bandha of antarayā-k.
1
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1 Sasallo, which is explained : "sasalyo rāgādivaśācirņānekavrataniyamäticārasphuradantahsalyo'nālocitāpratikrāntah". In Tatty. VII, 13 as “thorns" are given māyā, nidāna (sexual enjoyment) and mithyādarśana.
2 On the courses of rebirth in the different classes of gods comp. AupapātikaSutra 88 64-84, 117-129.
3 Tattv. VI 23 gives in particular the causes of tirthakara-k. I quote the sūtra according to Jacobi's German translation : "Perfect belief, possession of veneration, no breach of vows and laws, permanent practice of knowledge and indifference to worldly objects, according to one's power alms and asceticism, assistance to and readiness to serve the community and the monks, love of the Arhats, masters, wise men and the doctrine, the fulfilment of the Avaśyakas, the glorification of the way to salvation, attachment to the confessors of the true religion are (causes) of tirthakara-n-k."