Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Vijibai Jivanlal Panalal Charity Fund Mumbai

Page 40

II.]
The passions are :
1. krodha, anger,
2. māna, pride,
THE DOCTRINE OF KARMAN
(b) caritra-mohaniya-karman.
The caritra-mohaniya-k disturbs the right conduct possessed innately by the jiva; it hinders the soul from acting according to the religious prescriptions. The disturbance of the conduct is produced through the 16 passions (kaṣāya), the 6 non-passions (nokaṣāya) and the 3 sexes (veda).
(a) The kaṣāyas.
3.
māyā, deceitfulness, 4. lobha, greed.
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Each of these is separated into 4 sub-divisions, according to the intensity of their manifestation. Each passion is, there
1. anantānubandhin "of life-long duration". It then completely hinders belief and conduct.
2. apratyakhyānāvaraṇa "hindering non-renunciation". It makes impossible every renunciation, but allows the existence of true belief. It lasts for one year.
3. pratyakhyānāvaraṇa "hindering renunciation ". It hinders the beginning of complete self-discipline, but does not prevent the existence of true belief and partial self-discipline (deśavirati). Its effect lasts for 4 months.
4. samjvalana "flaming up". It allows complete self-discipline, yet works against the attainment of complete right conduct (yathakhyāta caritra). It lasts a fortnight.
The degrees of strength of the kaṣāyas are illustrated by examples. The 4 species of anger are to be likened unto a line drawn in stone, in earth, in dust and in water. The first can only be removed with great effort, each following one always more easily. Likewise also, the life-long enduring anger is only combated in its effect with exceeding strength and difficulty, whilst the effect of the three remaining species accordingly diminishes in power and can, therefore, also more easily be destroyed. The degrees of pride are to be likened unto a pillar of stone, a bone, a piece of wood, and the liana of a Dalbergia ougeinensis; the inflexibility correspondingly decreases. The species of deceitfulness are to be compared to a bamboo-root, the horn of a ram, the urine of a cow, and a piece of wood. The crookedness of each of these is removed more easily than in the one preceding it. (The zig-zag line of the cow's urine disappears through the influence of wind and
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