Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Vijibai Jivanlal Panalal Charity Fund Mumbai

Page 83

[CHAP.
animals, then human, celestial and infernal beings. In each class I begin with some explanatory remarks; I must restrict myself here, however, to the indispensable and must for further particulars refer to the literature above indicated. Thereupon I shall discuss to which margaņāsthāna1 the singular species belongs; I confine myself here to upayoga, yoga, lesyā, belief and conduct, because the others require no special treatment. The inconsecutiveness I am guilty of in noting down the guṇasthāna to which the jivas of the different class of beings can attain, although I explain the theory of the gunasthānas later, every one who wishes to inform himself quickly about them after having read the whole of the book will find justified. At the end I indicate which namaks are bound by a jiva or exist in him in udaya and satta. The numbers refer to the combinations given in chapter III, 1, and are arranged in such a way that with every bandha combination all udaya and sattā combinations printed in the same line are possible.
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JAIN PHILOSOPHY
1. THE ANIMAL STATE OF EXISTENCE.
Note: No animal binds the ks. tirthakara and translocation-body and its limbs.
The developed fine one-sensed animals.
These beings are so fine that they cannot be perceived singly by our senses. They have as body: earth, water, fire, wind or plants. They have only one sense : touch, and all belong to the 3rd sex.
cognition mati-ajñāna, śruta-ajñāna, acakṣur-darśana.
activity audärika-kaya-yoga.
leśya: black, dark or grey.
belief: mithyatva. conduct avirati.
gunasthāna: 1.
Beings of this class do not bind the celestial and infernal state of existence, anupūrvī, āyus; transformation-body and its limbs. The fire- and wind-beings do not in addition bind human state of existence, anupūrvi, ayus and high family surroundings.
1 "mārgaṇam jivādinām padarthānām anveṣaṇam märgaņā, tasyäḥ sthänäni āśrayā mārgaṇāsthānāni" (Kg. 1, 92 b). The marganästhānas are 14 categories, by which the jivasthānas can be more particularly characterised. The mārgaṇāsthānas are: 1. gati (state of existence), 2. indriya (senses), 3. kaya (body, whether fire, earth, water, wind, plants or movable), 4. yoga (activity, 15 species), 5. veda (sex), 6. kaṣāya (passion), 7. jñāna (knowledge), 8. caritra (conduct), 9 darśana (undifferentiated cognition), 10. leśya, 11. bhāva (capability of salvation), 12. samyakiva (belief), 13. samjña (possession of the inner sense), 14. āhāraka (assimilation of matter, cf. Tattv. II, 31).
2 The other karmans depend upon the gunasthanas to which a being belongs and are to be sought for there.