Sramana 1992 10

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525012/1

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eH// | jhur'- bhijnyr' dhui aaj 44 uH 0-82 dilaam bhaabkhiitaasiiuiit, nbntirhsii

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sampAdaka DA0 prazoka kumAra siMha varSa 43 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina akTUbara-disambara, 1992 prastuta zraMka meM 0 sAgaramala jaina 1. jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna - pro0 2. prAgaitihAsika bhArata meM sAmAjika mUlya aura paramparAe~ -DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina 1 3. jaina evaM bauddha darzana meM pramANa- vivecana 4. kSetrajJa zabda kA svIkArya prAcInatama ardhamAgadhI rUpa 5. aSTapAhur3a kI prAcIna TIkAe~ 8. pustaka samIkSA 9. 10. zoka - samAcAra saha-sampAdaka DA0 ziva prasA aMka 10-1 --DA0 mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja' 45 6. pUrNimAgaccha - pradhAna zAkhA aparanAma DhUMDheriyA zAkhA kA saMkSipta itihAsa - DA0 zivaprasAda 49 pArzvanAtha zodhapITha parisara 7. jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM IzvaravAda ko samAlocanA - zrImatI maMjulA bhaTTAcAryA 67 71 77 -DA0 dharmacandra jaina 29 DA0 ke0 Ara0 candra 41 vArSika zulka cAlIsa rupaye eka prati dasa rupaye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata hoM / 78

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jainadharma aura Adhunika vijJAna - pro. sAgaramala jaina yaha satya hai ki Adhunika vijJAna kI pragati ke pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna dharmoM aura darzanoM kI loka ke svarUpa evaM sRSTi sambandhI tathA khagola-bhUgola sambandhI aneka prAcIna mAnyatAoM para prazna cinha laga gaye haiN| isakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki kucha prabuddha janoM ne vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ko carama satya svIkAra karake vividha dharmoM kI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko kAlpanika evaM aprAmANika batAnA prArambha kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa aneka dharmAnuyAyioM kI zraddhA ko Thesa pahuMcI aura Apta puruSoM ke vacana yA sarvajJa ke kathana meM athavA AgamoM ke AptapraNIta hone meM unheM sandeha hone lgaa| isa sambandha meM aneka patra-patrikAoM meM gaveSaNAparaka lekhoM ke mAdhyama se paryApta uhA-poha bhI huA aura donoM pakSoM ne apanI bAta ko yaktisaMgata siddha karane kA prayatna kiyaa| vizeSa rUpa se yaha bAta taba adhika vivAdAspada viSaya bana gaI, jaba pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM ne candramA kI saphala yAtrA kara lI aura usa sambandha meM aneka aise Thosa pramANa prastuta kara die, jo vibhinna dharmoM kI khagola-bhUgola sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM jAte yaha satya hai ki vijJAna ke mAdhyama se dharma ke kSetra meM andhavizvAsa evaM mithyA dhAraNAyeM samApta huI haiM, kintu jo loga vaijJAnika niSkarSoM ko carama satya mAnakara dharma va darzana ke niSkarSoM para aura unakI upayogitA para cihna lagA rahe haiM ve bhI kisI bhrAnti meM haiN| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki kAlakrama meM pUrvavartI aneka vaijJAnika dhAraNAyeM avaijJAnika bana cukI hai| na to vijJAna aura na prabuddha vaijJAnika isa bAta kA dAvA karate hai ki hamAre jo niSkarSa hai ve antima satya hai| jaise-jaise vaijJAnika jJAna meM pragati ho rahI hai vaise-vaise vaijJAnikoM kI hI pUrva sthApita mAnyatAe~ nirasta hokara navIna-navIna niSkarSa evaM mAnyatAe~ sAmane A rahI haiN| ataH Aja na to vijJAna se bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA hai aura na pUrvavartI mAnyatAoM ko pUrNataH nirarthaka yA kAlpanika kahakara asvIkAra kara dene meM koI aucitya hai| ucita yahI hai ki dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM jo mAnyatAeM nirvivAda rUpa se vijJAna sammata siddha ho rahI haiM, unheM svIkAra kara liyA jAya, zeSa ko bhAvI vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM ke lie parikalpanA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jaay| kyoMki dharmagranthoM me ullekhita jo ghaTanAeM evaM mAnyatAeM kucha varSoM pUrva taka kapola-kalpita lagatI thI ve Aja vijJAna sammata siddha ho rahI hai| sau varSa pUrva dharmagranthoM meM ullekhita AkAzagAmI vimAnoM kI bAta athavA dUrastha dhvaniyoM ko sunapAne aura dUrastha ghaTanAoM ko dekha pAne kI bAta kAlpanika lagatI thI, kintu Aja ve yathArtha bana cukI hai|

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2 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara - jainadharma kI hI aisI aneka mAnyatAyeM haiM, jo kucha varSoM pUrva taka avaijJAnika kAlpanika lagatI thI, Aja vijJAna se pramANita ho rahI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM - andhakAra, tApa, chAyA aura zabda Adi paudgalika hai- jaina AgamoM kI isa mAnyatA vizvAsa nahIM karatA thA, kintu Aja unakI paudgalikatA siddha ho cukI hai| jaina Aga yaha kathana hai ki zabda na kevala paudgalika hai, apitu vaha dhvani rUpa meM uccarita hokara taka kI yAtrA karatA hai, isa tathya ko kala taka koI bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA, Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM ne aba isa tathya ko siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka dhvani ucca hone ke bAda apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detI hai aura usakI yaha yAtrA, cAhe atyanta kSINa hI kyoM na ho, lokAnta taka hotI hai| jainoM kI kevalajJAna sambandhI yaha avadhAraNA ki yA sarvajJa samasta loka ke padArthoM ko hastAmalakavat pratyakSa rUpa se jAnatA hai athavA avadhi sambandhI yaha avadhAraNA ki avadhijJAnI carma-cakSu ke dvArA grahIta nahIM ho rahe dUrastha viSayoM sIdhA pratyakSIkaraNa kara letA hai kucha varSoM pUrva taka yaha saba kapolakalpanA hI lagatI kintu Aja jaba TelIvijana kA AviSkAra ho cukA hai, yaha bAta bahuta Azcaryajanaka nhiiN| hai / jisa prakAra se dhvani kI yAtrA hotI hai usI prakAra se pratyeka bhautika piNDa prakAza-kiraNeM parAvartita hotI hai aura ve bhI dhvani ke samAna hI loka meM apanI yAtrA karata tathA pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA kA citra vizva meM saMpreSita kara detI hai| Aja yadi mAnava masti TelIvijana seTa kI hI taraha citroM ko grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya vikasita ho jAyeM, to padArthoM evaM ghaTanAoM ke hastAmalakavat jJAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahegI, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha prakAza va chAyA ke rUpa meM jo kiraNoM parAvartita ho rahI hai, ve to hama sabake pAsa pahuMca hI hai| Aja yadi hamAre caitanya mastiSka kI grahaNa sAmarthya vikasita ho jAya, to dUrastha viSayoM jJAna asambhava nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna dhArmika kahe jAne vAle sAhitya bhI bahuta kucha aisA hai, jo yA to Aja vijJAna sammata siddha ho cukA hai athavA jisake vijJAna sammata siddha hone kI sambhAvanA abhI pUrNataH nirasta nahIM huI hai / -- aneka Agama vacana yA sUtra aise hai, jo kala taka avaijJAnika pratIta hote the, ve A vaijJAnika siddha ho rahe haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, ina sUtroM kI vaijJAnika jJAna unake prakAza meM jo vyAkhyA kI gayI, vaha adhika samIcIna pratIta hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM paramANuoM pArasparika bandhana se skandha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ko samajhAne hetu tattvArtha sUtra ke pau adhyAya kA eka sUtra AtA hai-- snigdharukSatvAt bandhaH / isameM snigdha aura rukSa paramANuoM eka dUsare se jur3akara skandha banAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakI vyAkhyA kahakara hI kI jAtI thI, ki snigdha (cikane) evaM rukSa (khuradure) paramANuoM meM bandha hotaa| kintu Aja jaba hama isa sUtra kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA karate haiM ki snigdha arthAt dhanAtmaka vi se Avezita evaM rukSa arthAt RNAtmaka vidyuta se Avezita sUkSma-kaNa - jaina darzana kI bhASA paramANu - paraspara milakara skandha (Molecule) kA nirmANa karate hoM, to tattvArthasUtra kA sUtra adhika vijJAna sammata pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga sUtra meM vAnaspatika jIvana

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'DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prANIya jIvana se jo tulanA kI gaI hai, vaha Aja adhika vijJAna sammata siddha ho rahI hai| AcArAMga kA yaha kathana ki vAnaspatika-jagat meM usI prakAra kI saMvedanazIlatA hai jaisI prANI-jagata meM -- isa tathya ko sAmAnyatayA pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM kI Adhunika khojoM ke pUrva satya nahIM mAnA jAtA thA, kintu sara jagadIzacanda basu aura anya jaiva-vaijJAnikoM ne aba isa tathya kI puSTi kara dI hai ki vanaspati meM bhI prANI jagat kI hI taraha hI saMvedanazIlatA hai| ataH Aja AcArAMga kA kathana vijJAna sammata siddha hotA hai| hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki na to vijJAna dharma kA zatru hai aura na dhArmika AsthAoM ko khaNDita hI karanA hI usakA udadezya hai, vaha jise khaNDita karatA hai ve hamAre tathAkathita dhArmika andhavizvAsa hote haiN| sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI samajhanA cAhiye ki vaijJAnika khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka dhArmika avadhAraNAyeM puSTa hI huI haiN| aneka dhArmika AcAra-niyama jo kevala hamArI zAstra ke prati zraddhA ke bala para Tike the, aba unakI vaijJAnika upayogitA siddha ho rahI hai| / jaina paramparA meM rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha eka sAmAnya niyama hai, cAhe paramparAgata rUpa meM rAtri-bhojana ke sAtha hiMsA kI bAta jur3I ho, kintu Aja rAtri bhojana kA niSedha mAtra hiMsA-ahiMsA ke AdhAra para sthita na hokara jIva-vijJAna, cikitsAzAstra aura AhArazAstra kI dRSTi se adhika vijJAna sammata siddha ho rahA hai| sUrya ke prakAza meM, bhojana ke viSANuoM ko naSTa karane kI tathA zarIra meM bhojana ko pacAne kI jo sAmarthya hotI hai, vaha rAtri ke andhakAra meM nahIM hotI -- yaha bAta aba vijJAna sammata siddha ho cukI hai| isI prakAra sUryAsta ke bAda bhojana cikitsAzAstra kI dRSTi se bhI anucita mAnA jAne lagA hai| cikitsakoM ne batAyA hai ki rAtri meM bhojana ke bAda apekSita mAtrA meM pAnI na grahaNa karane se bhojana kA paripAka samyaka pa se nahIM hotA hai| yadi vyakti jala kI samyaka mAtrA kA grahaNa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, to ise bAra-bAra mUtra-tyAga ke lie uThanA hotA hai, phalasvarUpa nidrA bhaMga hotI hai| nIMda pUrI na hone ke kAraNa vaha subaha derI se uThatA hai aura isa prakAra na kevala usakI prAtaHkAlIna dinacaryA asta-vyasta hotI hai, apitu vaha apane zarIra ko bhI aneka vikRtiyoM kA ghara banA letA hai| FAIRitrakariumari jainoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se avadhAraNA thI ki ve annakaNa jo aMkurita ho rahe haiM athavA kisI vRkSa Adi kA vaha hissA jahA~ aMkuraNa ho rahA hai, ve anantakAya hai aura anantakAya kA bhakSaNa adhika pApakArI hai| Aja taka yaha eka sAdhAraNa siddhAnta lagatA thA, kintu Aja vaijJAnika ciSaNA ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho rahA hai ki jahA~ bhI jIvana ke vikAsa kI sambhAvanAeM haiM, isake bhakSaNa yA hiMsA se ananta jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| kyoMki jIvana ke vikAsa kI vaha kriyA kitane jIvoM ko janma degI yaha batA pAnA bhI sambhava nahIM hai, yadi hama usakI hiMsA karate haiM to jIvana kI jo navIna satat dhArA calane vAlI thI, use hI hama bIca meM avaruddha kara te haiN| isa prakAra ananta jIvana ke vinAza ke kartA siddha hote haiN| / isI prakAra mAnava kA svAbhAvika AhAra zAkAhAra hai, mAMsAhAra evaM aNDe Adi ke sevana

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 194 se kauna se rogoM kI utpatti hotI hai Adi tathyoM kI prAmANika jAnakArI Adhunika vaijJAni khojoM ke dvArA hI sambhava huI hai| Aja vaijJAnikoM aura cikitsAzAstriyoM ne apanI khojoM mAdhyama se mAMsAhAra ke doSoM kI jo vistRta vivecanAeM kI hai, ve saba jaina AcArazAstra kita vaijJAnika hai, isakI hI puSTi karate haiN| isI prakAra paryAvaraNa kI zuddhi ke lie jaina paramparA meM vanaspati, jala Adi anAvazyaka dohana para jo pratibandha lagAyA gayA hai, vaha Aja kitanA sArthaka hai yaha bAta a hama binA vaijJAnika khojoM ke nahIM samajha skte| paryAvaraNa ke mahatva ke lie aura use dUni hone se bacAne ke lie jaina AcArazAstra kI bhUmikA kitanI mahattvapUrNa hai isakI puSTi Apa vaijJAnika khojoM ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava ho sakI hai| Aja vaijJAnika jJAna ke pariNAmasva hama dhArmika AcAra sambandhI aneka mAnyatAoM kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakate haiM aura i prakAra vijJAna kI khoja dharma ke lie upayogI siddha ho sakatI hai| jaina dharma evaM darzana kI o bAteM kala taka avaijJAnika sI lagatI thIM, Aja vaijJAnika khojoM ke phalasvarUpa satya siddha rahI haiM / ataH vijJAna ko dharma va darzana kA virodhI na mAnakara usakA sampUraka hI mAnanA hogaa| Aja jaba hama jaina tattvamImAMsA, jaivavijJAna aura AcArazAstra kI Adhunika vaijJAnika khoja ke pariprekSya meM samIkSA karate haiM, to hama yahI pAte haiM ki vijJAna ne jaina avadhAraNAoM kI puSTi hI kI hai| vaijJAnika khojoM ke pariNAma svarUpa jo sarvAdhika prazna cinha lage haiM ve jaina dharma kI khagola va bhUgola sambandhI mAnyatAoM para hai / yaha satya hai ki khagola va bhUgola sambandhI jaina avadhAraNAyeM Aja ke vaijJAnika khojoM se bhinna par3atI haiM aura Adhunika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM unakA samIkaraNa baiThA pAnA bhI kaThina hai / yahA~ sabase pahalA prazna yaha hai ki kyA jaina khagola va bhUgola sarvajJa praNIta hai yA sarvajJa kI vANI hai ? isa sambandha meM paryApta vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai 1 sarvaprathama to hameM jAna lenA cAhie ki jaina khagola va bhUgola saMbaMdhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatI ko chor3a kara anya aMga AgamoM meM kahI bhI ullikhita nahIM hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM bhI ve suvyavasthita rUpa meM pratipAdita nahIM hai, mAtra saMkhyA ke saMdarbha krama meM unakI sambandhita saMkhyAoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| vaise bhI jahA~ taka vidvAnoM kA pra hai, ve inheM saMkalanAtmaka evaM apekSAkRta paravartI grantha mAnate haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnate haiN| inameM samaya-samaya para sAmagrI prakSipta hotI rahI hai, ataH unakA vartamAna svarUpa pUrNataH jima praNIta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina khagola va bhUgola sambandhI jo avadhAraNAyeM upalabdha hai, unakA Agamika AdhAra candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti hai, jinheM vartamAna meM upAMga ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai, kintu nandIsUtra kI sUcI ke anusAra ye grantha Avazyaka vyatirikta aMga bAhya AgamoM meM parigaNita kiye jAte haiN| paramparAgata dRSTi se aMga bAhUba AgamoM ke upadeSTA evaM racayitA jina na hokara sthavira hI mAne gaye haiM aura isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ye grantha sarvajJa praNIta na hokara chadmastha jaina AcAryoM dvArA praNIta haiN| ataH yadi

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sAgaramala jaina 5 inameM pratipAdita tathya Adhunika vijJAna ke pratikUla jAte hai, to usase sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA para AMca nahIM AtI hai| hameM isa bhaya kA parityAga kara denA cAhie ki yadi hama khagola evaM bhUgola sambandha meM Adhunika vaijJAnika gaveSaNAoM ko mAnya kareMge to usase jina kI sarvajJatA para koI A~ca AyegI / yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rahe ki sarvajJa yA jina kevala upadeza dete haiM grantha lekhana kA kArya to unake gaNadhara yA anya sthavira AcArya hI karate haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sarvajJa ke lie upadeza kA viSaya to adhyAtma va AcArazAstra hI hotA hai khagola va bhUgola unake mUla pratipAdya nahIM hai| khagola va bhUgola sambandhI jo avadhAraNAyeM jaina paramparA meM milatI haiM vaha thor3e antara ke sAtha samakAlika bauddha evaM hindU paramparA meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / ataH yaha mAnanA hI ucita hogA ki khagola evaM bhUgola sambandhI jaina mAnyatAe~ Aja yadi vijJAna sammata siddha nahIM hotI hai to usase na to sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA para A~ca AtI hai aura na jaina dharma kI AdhyAtmazAstrIya, tatvamImAMsIya evaM AcArazAstrIya avadhAraNAoM para koI kharoMca AtI hai| sUryaprajJapti jaisA grantha jisameM jaina AcArazAstra aura usakI ahiMsaka niSThA ke viruddha pratipAdana pAye jAte haiM, kisI bhI sthiti meM sarvajJa praNIta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / jo loga khagola- bhUgola sambandhI vaijJAnika tathyoM ko kevala isalie svIkAra karane se katarAte haiN| ki isase sarvajJa kI avahelanA hogI, ve vastutaH jaina AdhyAtmazAstra ke rahasyoM se yA to anabhijJa haiM yA unakI anubhUti se rahita hai| kyoMki hameM sarvaprathama to yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jo Atma-draSTA sarvajJa praNIta hai hI nahIM usake amAnya hone se sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA kaise khaNDita ho sakatI hai ? AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki sarvajJa AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vahI yarthAtha satya hai / sarvajJa bAhya jagat ko jAnatA hai yaha kevala vyavahAra hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA yaha kathana bhI ki 'kevalI siya jANai siya Na jANaI' isa satya ko udghATita karatA hai ki sarvajJa Atma-draSTA hotA hai| vastutaH sarvajJa kA upadeza bhI AtmAnubhUti aura Atma vizuddhi lie hotA hai jina sAdhanoM se hama zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti kara sake, Atma zuddhi yA Atma vimukti ko upalabdha kara sake, vahI sarvajJa dvArA pratipAdya hai| ---- yaha satya hai ki AgamoM ke rUpa meM hamAre pAsa jo kucha upalabdha hai, usameM jina vacana bhI saMkalita hai aura yaha bhI satya hai ki AgamoM kA aura unameM upalabdha sAmagrI kA jainadharma, prAkRta sAhitya aura bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattva hai| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa khanA hogA ki AgamoM ke nAma para hamAre pAsa jo kucha upalabdha hai, usameM paryApta vismaraNa, parivartana, parivardhana aura prakSepaNa bhI huA hai| ataH isa tathya ko svayaM antima vAcanAkAra varddhi ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH Agama vacanoM meM kitanA aMza jina vacana hai sambandha meM paryApta samIkSA, sartakatA aura sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai 1 isa - Aja do prakAra kI atiyA~ dekhane meM AtI hai eka ati yaha hai ki cAhe pandrahavIM zatI ke lekhaka ne mahAvIra - gautama ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM kisI grantha kI racanA kI ho, use bhI binA samIkSA ke jina vacana ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jA rahA hai aura use hI carama satya mAnA jAtA - dUsarI ora sampUrNa Agama sAhitya ko andhavizvAsa kahakara nakArA jA rahA hai| Aja vazyakatA hai nIra-kSIra buddhi se Agama vacanoM kI samIkSA karake madhyama mArga apanAne kI /

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 18 Aja na to vijJAna hI carama satya hai aura na Agama ke nAma para jo kucha hai vahI kara satya hai| Aja na to AgamoM ko nakArane se kucha hogA aura na vaijJAnika satyoM ko nakArane se vijJAna aura Agama ke sandarbha meM Aja eka taTastha samIkSaka buddhi kI AvazyakatA hai| jaina sRSTizAstra aura jaina khagola-bhUgola meM bhI, jahA~ taka sRSTizAstra kA sambandha hai, ve Adhunika vaijJAnika avadhAraNAoM ke sAtha eka sImA taka saMgati rakhatA hai| jaina sRSTizAstra ke anusAra sarvaprathama isa jagat ko anAdi aura ananta mAnA gayA hai, kintu usameM jagata kI anAdi anantatA usake pravAha kI dRSTi se hai| ise anAdi ananta isalie kahA jAtA hai ki koI bhI kAla aisA nahIM thA jaba sRSTi nahIM thI yA nahIM hogii| pravAha kI dRSTi se jagata anAdi-ananta hote hue bhI isameM pratikSaNa utpatti aura vinAza arthAt sRSTi aura pralaya kA krama bhI calatA rahatA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM yaha jagat apane pravAha kI apekSA se zAzvata hote hue bhI isameM sRSTi evaM pralaya hote rahate haiM kyoMki jo bhI utpanna hotA hai usakA vinAza aparihArya hai| phira bhI isakA sRSTA yA kartA koI bhI nahIM hai| yaha saba prAkRtika niyama se hI zAsita hai| yadi vaijJAnika dRSTi se isa para vicAra kare to vijJAna ko bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM Apatti nahIM hai ki yaha vizva apane mUla tattva yA mUla ghaTaka kI dRSTi se anAdi-ananta hote hue bhI isameM sUjana aura vinAza kI prakriyA satat rUpa se cala rahI hai| yahA~ taka vijJAna va jainadarzana donoM sAtha jAte haiN| donoM isa saMbaMdha meM bhI eka mata haiM ki jagat kA koI sRSTA nahIM hai aura yaha prAkRtika niyama se zAsita hai| sAtha hI ananta vizva meM sRSTi loka kI sImitatA jaina darzana evaM vijJAna donoM ko mAnya hai| ina mUla-bhUta avadhAraNAoM meM sAmyatA ke hote hue bhI jaba hama inake vistAra meM jAte haiM, to hameM jaina Agamika mAnyatAoM evaM Adhunika vijJAna donoM meM paryApta antara bhI pratIta hotA hai| adholoka, madhyaloka evaM svargaloka kI kalpanA lagabhaga sabhI dharma-darzanoM meM upalabdha hote hai, kintu Adhunika vijJAna ke dvArA khagola kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, usameM isa prakAra kI koI kalpanA nahIM hai| vaha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki pRthvI ke nIce naraka va Upara svarga hai| Adhunika khagola vijJAna ke anusAra isa vizva meM asaMkhya saura maNDala haiM aura pratyeka saura maNDala meM aneka graha-nakSatra va pRthviyAM hai| asaMkhya sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra kI avadhAraNA jaina paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai| yadyapi Aja taka vijJAna yaha siddha nahIM kara pAyA hai ki pRthvI ke atirikta kina graha-nakSatroM para jIvana pAyA jAtA hai, kintu usane isa saMbhAvanA se bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA ki isa brahmANDa meM aneka aise graha-nakSatra ho sakate hai jahA~ jIvana kI saMbhAvanAeM hai| ataH isa vizva meM jIvana kevala pRthvI para hai yaha bhI carama satya nahIM hai| pRthvI ke atirikta kucha graha-nakSatroM para jIvana kI saMbhAvanAeM ho sakatI hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki pRthvI kI apekSA kahIM jIvana adhika sukhada evaM samRddha ho aura kahIM vaha vipanna aura kaSTakara sthiti meM ho| ataH cAhe svarga evaM naraka aura khagola evaM bhUgola sambandhI hamArI avadhAraNAoM para vaijJAnika khojoM ke pariNAma svarUpa prazna cinha lage, kintu isa pRthvI ke atirikta isa vizva meM kahIM bhI jIvana kI saMbhAvanA nahI hai, yaha bAta to svayaM vaijJAnika bhI nahIM kahate haiN| pRthvI ke

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sAgaramala jaina 7 tirikta brahmANDa ke anya graha-nakSatroM para jIvana kI sambhAvanAoM ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha prakArAntara se svarga evaM naraka kI avadhAraNAyeM bhI sthAna pA jAtI hai| ur3ana taztariyoM se mbandhI jo bhI khoje huI haiM, usase itanA to nizcita siddha hI hotA hai ki isa pRthvI ke tirikta anya graha-nakSatroM para bhI jIvana hai aura vaha pRthvI se apanA samparka banAne ke lie zIla bhI hai| ur3ana taztariyoM ke prANiyoM kA yahA~ AnA va svarga se deva logoM kI Ane kI ramparAgata kathA meM koI bahuta antara nahIM hai / ataH jo paraloka sambandhI avadhAraNA upalabdha tI hai vaha abhI pUrNatayA nirasta nahIM kI jA sakatI, ho sakatA hai ki vaijJAnika khojoM ke riNAma svarUpa hI eka dina punarjanma va lokottara jIvana kI kalpanAeM yathArtha siddha ho sakeM / jaina paramparA meM loka ko SaDdravyamaya kahA gayA hai| ye SaDdravya nimna haiM- jIva, dharma, dharma, AkAza, pudgala evaM kAla / inameM se jIva (AtmA), dharma, adharma, AkAza va pudgala ye ca astikAya kahe jAte haiN| inheM astikAya kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ye prasArita hai| dUsare doM meM jisakA AkAza meM vistAra hotA hai vaha astikAya kahalAtA hai / SaDdravyoM meM mAtra la ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isakA prasAra bahuAyAmI na hokara eka rekhIya hai| hama sarvaprathama to yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki SaDdravyoM kI jo avadhAraNA hai vaha kisa mA taka Adhunika vijJAna ke sAtha saMgati rakhatI hai| SadravyoM meM sarvaprathama hama jIva ke sandarbha meM vicAra kreNge| cAhe vijJAna AtmA kI svataMtra tA ko svIkAra na karatA ho, kintu vaha jIvana ke astitva se iMkAra bhI nahIM karatA hai, ki jIvana kI upasthiti eka anubhUta tathya hai| cAhe vijJAna eka amara AtmA kI kalpanA svIkAra nahIM kare, lekina vaha jIvana evaM usake vividha rUpoM se iMkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai / - vijJAna kA AdhAra hI jIvana ke astitva kI svIkRti para avasthita hai| mAtra itanA hI aba vaijJAnikoM ne atIndriya jJAna tathA punarjanma ke sandarbha meM bhI apanI zodha yAtrA prArambha dI hai| vicAra sampreSaNa yA TelIpethI kA siddhAnta aba vaijJAnikoM kI ruci kA viSaya banatA rahA hai aura isa sambandha meM huI khojoM ke pariNAma atIndriya-jJAna kI sambhAvanA ko puSTa te haiN| isI prakAra punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke sandarbha bhI aneka khojeM huI haiN| aba aneka tathya prakAza meM Aye haiM, jinakI vyAkhyAe~ binA punarjanma evaM atIndriya jJAna - zakti ko kAra kiye binA sambhava nahIM hai| aba vijJAna jIvana dhArA kI nirantaratA usakI atIndriya ktiyoM se aparicita nahIM hai, cAhe abhI vaha unakI vaijJAnika vyAkhyAe~ prastuta na kara pAyA mAtra itanA hI nahIM aneka prANiyoM meM mAnava kI apekSA bhI aneka kSetroM meM itanI adhika Traka- jJAna sAmarthya hotI hai jisa para sAmAnya buddhi vizvAsa nahIM karatI hai, kintu use aba dhunika vijJAna ne siddha kara diyA hai| ataH isa vizva meM jIvana kA astitva hai aura vaha na ananta zaktiyoM kA puMja hai - isa tathya se aba vaijJAnikoM kA virodha nahIM hai / jahA~ taka bhautika tatva ke astitva evaM svarUpa kA prazna hai vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina AcAryoM meM ka matabheda nahIM hai| paramANu yA pudagala kaNoM meM jisa anantazakti kA nirdeza jaina AcAryoM kiyA thA vaha aba Adhunika vaijJAnika anveSaNoM se siddha ho rahI hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika isa

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 tathya ko siddha kara cuke haiM ki eka paramANu kA visphoTa bhI kitanI adhika zakti kA saca kara sakatA hai| vaise bhI bhautika piNDa yA pudgala kI avadhAraNA aisI hai jisa para vaijJAni, evaM jaina vicArakoM meM koI adhika matabheda nahIM dekhA jaataa| paramANuoM ke dvArA skA (Molecule) kI racanA kA jaina siddhAnta kitanA vaijJAnika hai, isakI carcA hama pUrva meM kI cuke haiN| vijJAna jise paramANu kahatA thA, vaha aba TUTa cukA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai| vijJAna ne jise paramANu mAna liyA thA, vaha paramANu thA hI nahIM, vaha to skandha hI thaa| kyoM jainoM kI paramANu kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jisakA vibhAjana nahIM ho sake, aisA bhautika tata paramANu hai| isa prakAra Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vijJAna kA tathAkathita paramANu khaNDita ho cuda hai| jabaki jaina-darzana kA paramANu abhI vaijJAnikoM kI pakar3a meM A hI nahIM pAyA hai| vastuta jaina darzana meM jise paramANu kahA jAtA hai use Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne kvArka nAma diyA hai aura ve Aja bhI usakI khoja meM lage hue haiN| samakAlIna bhautikI-vidoM kI kvArka kI paribhASA ke hai ki jo vizva kA saralatama aura antima ghaTaka hai, vahI kvArka hai| Aja bhI kvArka ke vyAkhyAyita karane meM vaijJAnika saphala nahIM ho pAye haiN| Adhanika vijJAna prAcIna avadhAraNAoM ko sampuSTa karane meM kisa prakAra sahAyaka huaa| ki usakA eka udAharaNa yaha hai ki jaina tattva mImAMsA meM eka ora yaha avadhAraNA rahI hai ki eka pudgala paramANu jitanI jagaha gheratA hai -- vaha eka AkAza pradeza kahalAtA hai -- dUsare zabdoM meM mAnyatA yaha hai ki eka AkAza pradeza meM eka paramANu hI raha sakatA hai| kintu dUsara ora AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki eka AkAza pradeza meM asaMkhyAta pudgala paramANu sama sakate haiN| isa virodhAbhAsa kA sIdhA samAdhAna hamAre pAsa nahIM thaa| lekina vijJAna ne yA siddha kara diyA hai ki vizva meM kucha aise Thosa dravya hai jinakA eka varga iMca kA vajana lagabhaga / sau Tana hotA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jinheM hama Thosa samajhate haiM, ve vastutaH kitane pole haiN| ataH sUkSma avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa yaha saMbhava hai ki eka hI AkAza pradeza meM ananta paramANu bhI samAhita ho jaayeN| dharma-dravya evaM adharma-dravya kI jaina avadhAraNA bhI Aja vaijJAnika sandarbha meM apanI vyAkhyAoM kI apekSAe~ rakhatI haiN| jaina paramparA meM dharmAstikAya ko na kevala eka svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai, apitu dharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM jar3a va cetana,kisI kI bhI gati saMbhava nahIM hogI-- aisA bhI mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina darzana meM dharmAstikAya ko amUrta dravya kahA gayA hai, kintu amUrta hote hue bhI yaha vizva kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| yadi vizva meM dharma dravya evaM adharma dravya, jinheM dUsare zabdoM meM hama gati va sthiti ke niyAmaka tattva kaha sakate haiM, na hoMge to vizva kA astitva hI sambhava nahIM hogaa| kyoMki jahA~ adharma-dravya vizva kI vastuoM kI sthiti ko sambhava banAtA hai aura pudgala piNDoM ko ananta AkAza meM bikharane se rokatA hai, vahI dharma-dravya unakI gati ko sambhava banAtA hai| gati evaM sthati yahI vizva vyavasthA kA mUla AdhAra yadi vizva meM gati evaM sthiti saMbhava na ho, to vizva nahIM ho sakatA hai| gati ke niyamana ke liye sthiti evaM sthiti kI jar3atA ko tor3ane ke lie gati Avazyaka hai| yadyapi jar3a va cetana meM

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina svayaM gati karane evaM sthita rahane kI kSamatA hai, kintu unakI yaha kSamatA kArya ke rUpa meM tabhI pariNata hogI jaba vizva meM gati aura sthiti ke niyAmaka tattva yA koI mAdhyama ho| jaina darzana ke dharma dravya va adharma dravya ko Aja vijJAna ke bhASA meM Ithara evaM gurutvAkarSaNa kI zakti ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi dharma dravya nAma kI vastu hai to usake astitva ko kaise jAnA jAyegA ? vaijJAnikoM ne jo Ithara kI kalpanA kI hai use hama jaina dharma kI bhASA meM dharmadravya kahate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra Ithara ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to prazna uThatA hai ki prakAza kiraNoM ke yAtrA kA mAdhyama kyA hai ? yadi prakAza kiraNe yathArtha meM kiraNa hai to unakA parAvartana kisI mAdhyama se hI sambhava hogA aura jisameM ye prakAza kiraNeM parAvartita hotI haiM, vaha bhautika piNDa nahIM, apitu Ithara hI hai| yadi mAtra AkAza ho, kintu Ithara na ho to koI gati sambhava nahIM hogii| kisI bhI prakAra kI gati ke lie koI na koI mAdhyama Avazyaka hai| jaise machalI ko tairane ke lie jl| isI gati ke mAdhyama ko vijJAna Ithara aura jaina-darzana dharma dravya kahatA sAtha hI hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki vizva meM kevala gati hI nahIM hai, apitu sthiti bhI hai| jisa prakAra gati kA niyAmaka tattva Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra se sthiti kA bhI niyAmaka tattva Avazyaka hai| vijJAna ise gurutvAkarSaNa ke nAma se jAnatA hai, jaina darzana use hI adharma dravya kahatA hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM adharma dravya ko vizva kI sthiti ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai yadi adharma dravya na ho aura kevala ananta AkAza aura gati hI ho to samasta pudgala piNDa ananta AkAza meM chitara jAyeMge aura vizva vyavasthA samApta ho jaayegii| adharma dravya eka niyAmaka zakti hai jo eka sthira vizva ke lie Avazyaka hai| isake abhAva meM eka aisI . avyavasthA hogI ki vizva vizva hI na raha jaayegaa| Aja jo AkAzIya piNDa apane-apane yAtrA patha meM avasthita rahate hai - jainoM ke anusAra usakA kAraNa adharma-dravya hai, to vijJAna ke anusAra usakA kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa hai| isI prakAra AkAza kI sattA bhI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki AkAza ke abhAva meM anya dravya kisameM raheMge, jainoM ke anusAra AkAza mAtra eka zUnyatA nahIM, apitu vAstavikatA hai| kyoMki loka AkAza meM hI avasthita hai| ataH jainAcAryoM ne AkAza ke lokAkAza aura alokAkAza aise do bhAgoM kI kalpanA kii| loka jisameM avasthita hai vahI lokAkAza hai|| isI ananta AkAza ke eka bhAga vizeSa arthAt lokAkAza meM avasthita hone ke kAraNa loka ko sImita kahA jAtA hai, kintu usakI yaha sImitatA AkAza kI anantatA kI apekSA se hI hai| vaise jaina AcAryoM ne loka kA parimANa 14 rAjU mAnA hai| jo ki vaijJAnikoM ke prakAzavarSa ke samAna eka prakAra kA mApa vizeSa hai| yaha loka nIce caur3A, madhya meM patalA punaH UparI bhAga ke madhya meM caur3A va anta meM patalA hai| isake AkAra kI tulanA kamara para hAtha rakhe khar3e hue puruSa ke AkAra se kI jAtI hai| isa loka ke adhobhAga meM sAta narakoM kI avasthiti mAnI gayI hai -- prathama naraka se Upara aura madhya loka se nIce bIca meM bhavanapati devoM ke AvAsa hai| isa loka ke madhya bhAga meM manuSya evaM tithaMcoM kA AvAsa hai| ise madhya loka yA

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10 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 tiryak- loka kahate haiM / tiryak-loka ke madhya meM meru parvata hai, usake Asa-pAsa kA samudra paryaMta bhU-bhAga jambUdvIpa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha golAkAra hai / use valayAkAra lavaNa samudra ghere hue haiN| lavaNa samudra ko valayAkAra meM ghere hue ghAtakI khaNDa hai| usako valayAkAra meM ghere hue kAlodadhi nAmaka samudra hai / usako punaH valayAkAra meM ghere hue puSkara dvIpa hai| usake Age punaH valayAkAra meM puSkara-samudra hai| inake pazcAt anukrama se eka ke bAda eka valayAkAra meM eka dUsare ko ghere hue asaMkhyAta dvIpa evaM samudra haiM / jJAtavya hai ki hindU paramparA meM mAtra sAta dvIpoM evaM samudroM kI kalpanA hai, jisakI jaina AgamoM meM AlocanA kI gaI hai| kintu jahA~ taka mAnava jAti kA prazna hai, taha kevala jambUdvIpa, ghAtakI khaNDa aura puSkarAvarta dvIpa ke ardhabhAga meM hI upalabdha hotI hai| usake Age mAnava jAti kA abhAva hai| isa madhyaloka yA bhUloka se Upara AkAza meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra va tAroM ke AvAsa yA vimAna hai / yaha kSetra jyotiSika deva kSetra kahA jAtA hai| ye sabhI sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra tAre Adi meruparvata ko kendra banAkara pradakSiNA karate haiN| isa kSetra ke Upara zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra kramazaH 12 athavA digambara matAnusAra 16 svarga yA devaloka haiN| unake Upara kramazaH 6 greveyaka aura pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiN| loka ke UparI antima bhAga ko siddha kSetra yA lokAgra kahate haiM, yahA~ siddhoM yA mukta AtmAoM kA nivAsa hai / yadyapi sabhI dharma paramparAoM meM bhUloka ke nIce naraka yA pAtAla loka aura Upara svarga kI kalpanA samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai, kintu unakI saMkhyA Adi ke prazna para vibhinna paramparAoM meM matabheda dekhA jAtA hai / khagola evaM bhUgola kA jainoM kA yaha vivaraNa Adhunika vijJAna se kitanA saMgata athavA asaMgata hai ? yaha niSkarSa nikAla pAnA sahaja nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM AcArya zrI yazodeva sUri jI ne saMgrahaNIratna- prakaraNa kI bhUmikA meM vicAra kiyA hai| ataH isa sambandha meM adhika vistAra meM na jAkara pAThakoM ko use AcArya zrI kI gujarAtI bhUmikA evaM hindI vyAkhyA meM dekha lene kI anuzaMsA karate haiN| khagola- bhUgola sambandhI jaina avadhAraNA kA anya dharmoM kI avadhAraNAoM se evaM Adhunika vijJAna kI avadhAraNA se kyA sambandha hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / isa sambandha meM hameM do prakAra ke paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiN| jahA~ vibhinna dharmoM meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tArA Adi ko deva ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, vahIM Adhunika vijJAna meM ve anantAkAza meM bikhare hue bhautika piNDa hI haiN| dharma unameM devatva kA AropaNa karatA hai, kintu vijJAna unheM mAtra eka bhautika saMracanA mAnatA hai| jaina dRSTi meM ina donoM avadhAraNAoM kA eka samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaina vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki jinheM hama sUrya, candra Adi mAnate haiM vaha unake vimAnoM se nikalane vAlA prakAza hai, ye vimAna sUrya, candra Adi devoM ke AvAsIya sthala hai, jinameM usa nAma vAle devagaNa nivAsa karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina vicArakoM ne sUrya - vimAna, candra - vimAna Adi ko bhautika saMracanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura una vimAnoM meM nivAsa karane vAloM ko deva btaayaa| isakA phalita yaha hai ki jaina vicAraka vaijJAnika dRSTi to rakhate the, kintu paramparAgata dhArmika mAnyatAoM ko bhI ThukarAnA nahIM cAhate the / isIlie unhone donoM avadhAraNAoM ke bIca eka samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai|

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina jyotiSazAstra kI vizeSatA hai ki vaha bhI vaijJAnikoM ke samAna isa brahmANDa meM asaMkhya sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra va tArAgaNoM kA astitva mAnatA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaMbUdvIpa meM do sUrya aura do candramA haiM, lavaNa samudra meM cAra sUrya va cAra candramA hai| dhAtakI khaNDa meM ATha sUrya va ATha candramA haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka dvIpa va samudra meM sUrya va candroM kI saMkhyA dviguNita hotI jAtI hai| jahA~ taka Adhunika khagola vijJAna kA prazna hai vaha bhI aneka sUrya va candra kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai| phira bhI sUrya, candra Adi ke krama evaM mArga, unakA AkAra evaM unakI pArasparika dUrI Adi ke sambandha meM Adhunika khagola-vijJAna evaM jaina Agamika mAnyatAoM meM spaSTa rUpa se antara dekhA jAtA hai| sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra evaM tArA gaNa Adi kI avasthiti sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko lekara bhI jaina dharma darzana va Adhunika vijJAna meM mataikya nahIM hai| jahA~ Adhunika khagola vijJAna ke anusAra candramA pRthvI ke adhika nikaTa evaM sUrya dUrI para hai, vahA~ jaina jyotiSa zAstra meM sUrya ko nikaTa va candramA ko dUra batAyA gayA hai| jahA~ Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra candramA kA AkAra sUrya kI apekSA choTA batAyA gayA vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sUrya kI apekSA candramA ko bRhat AkAra mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra avadhAraNAgata dRSTi se kucha nikaTatA hokara bhI donoM meM bhinnatA hI adhika dekhI jAtI hai| jo sthiti jaina khagola evaM Adhunika khagola vijJAna sambandhI mAnyatAoM meM matabheda kI sthati hai, vahIM sthiti prAyaH jaina bhUgola aura Adhunika bhUgola kI hai| isa bhUmaNDala para mAnava jAti ke astitva kI dRSTi se DhAI dvIpoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai -- jambUdvIpa, dhAtakI khaNDa aura pusskraardh| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM batAyA hai jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra madhyaloka ke madhya meM jambUdvIpa hai, jo ki golAkAra hai, usake Asa-pAsa usase dviguNita kSetraphala vAlA lavaNasamudra hai, phira lavaNasamudra se dviguNita kSetraphala vAlA valayAkAra dhAtakI khaNDa hai| dhAtakI khaNDa ke Age punaH kSIrasamudra hai jo kSetraphala meM jambUdvIpa se ATha guNA bar3A hai usake Age punaH valayAkAra meM puSkara dvIpa hai, jisake Adhe bhAga meM manuSyoM kA nivAsa hai| isa prakAra eka dUsare se dviguNita kSetraphala vAle asaMkhya dvIpa-samudra valayAkAra meM avasthita hai| yadi hama jaina bhUgola kI aDhAI dvIpa kI isa kalpanA ko Adhunika bhUgola kI dRSTi se samajhane kA prayatna kareM to ima kaha sakate haiM ki Aja bhI sthala rUpa meM eka se jur3e hue aphrIkA, yuropa va eziyA, jo kisI samaya eka dUsare se saTe hue the, milakara jambuddhIpa kI kalpanA ko sAkAra karate hai| jJAtavya hai ki kisI prAcIna jamAne meM pazcima meM vartamAna aphrIkA aura pUrva meM jAvA, sumAtrA evaM AsTreliyA Adi eziyA mahAdvIpa se saTe hue the, jo golAkAra mahAdvIpa kI racanA karate the| hI golAkAra mahAdvIpa jambUdvIpa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| usake cAroM ora ke samudra ko ghere hue uttarI amerIkA va dakSiNI amerIkA kI sthiti AtI hai| yadi hama pRthvI ko sapATa mAnakara isa avadhAraNA para vicAra kareM to uttara-dakSiNa amerikA milakara isa jambUdvIpa ko klayakAra rUpa meM ghere hue pratIta hote haiN| isI prakAra ArkaTikA ko hama pRSkArAdha ke rUpa meM kalpita kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra moTe rUpa se aDhAI dvIpa kI jo kalpanA hai, yaha siddha to ho

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12 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 jAtI hai, phira bhI jainoM ne jambUdIpa Adi meM jo airAvata, mahAvideha kSetroM Adi kI kalpanA kI hai vaha Adhunika bhUgola se adhika saMgata nahIM baiThatI hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki prAcIna bhUgola jo jaina, bauddha va hinduoM meM lagabhaga samAna rahA hai, usakI sAmAnya nirIkSaNoM ke AdhAra para hI kalpanA kI gaI thI, phira bhI use pUrNataH asatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Aja hameM yaha siddha karanA hai ki vijJAna dhArmika AsthAoM kA saMhAraka nahIM poSaka bhI ho sakatA hai| Aja yaha dAyitva una vaijJAnikoM kA evaM una dhArmikoM kA hai, jo vijJAna va dharma ko paraspara virodhI mAna baiThe haiM, unheM yaha dikhAnA hogA ki vijJAna va dharma eka dUsare ke saMhAraka nahIM, apita poSaka haiN| yaha satya hai ki dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM kucha aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM jo vaijJAnika jJAna ke kAraNa dhvasta ho cukI hai, lekina isa sambandha meM hameM cintita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| prathama to hameM yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki dharma kA sambandha kevala mAnavIya jIvana mUlyoM se hai, khagola ke ve tathya jo Aja vaijJAnika avadhAraNA ke virodha meM hai, unakA dharma va darzana se koI sIdhA saMbaMdha nahI hai| ataH unake avaijJAnika siddha hone para bhI dharma avaijJAnika siddha nahIM hotaa| hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki dharma ke nAma para jo aneka mAnyatAyeM Aropita kara dI gayI haiM ve saba dharma kA anivArya aMga nahIM hai| aneka tathya aise haiM jo kevala loka vyavahAra ke kAraNa dharma se jur3a gaye haiN| Aja unake yarthAtha svarUpa ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| bharatakSetra kitanA lambA caur3A hai, meru parvata kI UMcAI kyA hai ? sUrya va candra kI gati kyA hai ? unameM Upara kauna hai Adi ? aise aneka prazna hai jinakA dharma va sAdhanA se koI sambandha nahIM hai| hama dekhate haiM ki na kevala jaina paramparA meM apitu bauddha va brAhmaNa paramparA meM bhI ye mAnyatAyeM samAna rUpa se pracalita rahI haiN| eka tathya aura hameM samajha lenA hogA vaha yaha ki tIrthakara yA Apta puruSa kevala hamAre baMdhana va mukti ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta karate haiN| ve manuSya kI naitika kamiyoM ko iMgita karake kaha mArga batAte haiM jisase naitika kamajoriyoM para yA vAsanAmaya jIvana para vijaya pAyI jA ske| unake upadezoM kA mukhya saMbaMdha vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa, sadAcAra tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM zAnti va sahaH astitva ke mUlyoM para bala dene ke lie hotA hai| ataH sarvajJa ke nAma para kahI jAne vAlI sabhI mAnyatAyeM sarvajJapraNIta hai, aisA nahIM hai| kAlakrama meM aisI aneka maanytaaeN| AyI jinheM bAda meM sarvajJa praNIta kahA gyaa| jaina dharma meM khagola va bhUgola kI mAnyatAyeM bhI kisI aMza meM isI prakAra kI hai| punaH vijJAna kabhI apanI aMtimatA kA dAvA nahIM karatA hai| ataH kala taka jo avaijJAnika kahA jAtA thA, vaha navIna vaijJAnika khojoM se satya siddha ho sakatA hai| Aja na to vijJAna se bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA hai aura na use nakArane kii| AvazyakatA hai vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke rizte ke sahI mUlyAMkana kii| : . Cx ___Jam nidezaka, mAzalahAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-use Only

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prAgaitihAsika bhArata meM sAmAjika mUlya aura paramparAe~ - DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina isa brahmANDa meM mAnava kI sRSTi ne adbhuta krAMti macA dii| usane apane agale pAMva uThAkara pichale pAMvoM ke AdhAra se calanA zuru kiyaa| apane hAthoM se vaha jI-tor3a mehanata karane lgaa| basa itanA kAphI thA / Adima mAnava ke aujAroM se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki Aja se lagabhaga 5 lAkha varSa pUrva vaha isa pRthvI-maMDala para AvirbhUta huA / 5 lAkha varSa kucha kama nahIM hote| purA pASANa yuga meM vaha haDDI athavA patthara se aujAroM kA kAma letA / veda granthoM meM indra ke vajrAyudha kA ullekha hai jo saMbhavataH haDDI athavA patthara kA rahA hogaa| purANoM meM ullekha hai ki vRtra rAkSasa kA vadha karane ke lie dadhIci RSi kI haDDiyoM se bane Ayudha kA upayoga kiyA gyaa| isI prakAra Ajamagar3ha aura gAjIpura jiloM meM sAMpa ke viSaile nukIle dAMta tathA Are ke AkAra kI lambI aura painI machalI kI haDDiyAM milI haiM jinheM pASANa yuga kI Adima jAtiyAM apane bANa kI. noMka para rakhakara zikAra kiyA karatI thIM / Adima mAnava kA ghara nahIM thA, vaha khAnAbadoza thaa| bhojana kI talAza meM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para ghUmatA phiratA thA / utpAdana para usakA adhikAra nahIM huA thA / prakRti dvArA pradAna kiye hue khAdya phala-phUla, paudhe, paudhoM kI jar3eM, kIr3e-makor3e Adi dvArA jIvana-nirvAha kiyA karatA thA / -- pIkiMga kI guphA meM "pIkiMga mAnava" ke jo avazeSa prApta hue haiM, ve hameM Aja se 5 lAkha varSa pUrva pASANa yuga kI ora le jAte haiN| Aja se lagabhaga sAr3he tIna hajAra varSa pUrva cIna meM kachue kI khopar3I ko garama-garama lohe kIsalAI se dAgA jAtA aura usase jo khopar3I para darAra par3atI, usakI sahAyatA se bhaviSyavANI kI jAtI thI / prAgaitihAsika kAla kI dRSTi se yaha tathya kucha kama mahattvapUrNa nhiiN| bhArata meM Adima mAnava ke astitva ke cihna uttara - pazcimI paMjAba ke pahAr3oM kI talahaTiyoM meM pAye gaye haiN| purAtanaM - kAla meM bhArata kA bahubhAga araNya, vana aura jaMgaloM se ghirA thaa| mahAbhArata meM khANDava vana ke dahana kI kathA kA ullekha hai| kurukSetra kA yaha vana indra ke lie pavitra thA tathA arjuna aura kRSNa kI sahAyatA se agni devatA ne ise jalAkara khAka kara diyA thA / matalaba yaha ki isa prakAra jaMgaloM ko jalA - jalAkara loga AvAsa Adi taiyAra kiyA krte| magadha kA pradeza bhI ghane jaMgaloM se AbAda thA / kahA gayA hai ki AryoM ne jaba pUrva kI ora prasthAna kiyA to ve sadAnIrA (Adhunika gaMDaka ) nadI se Age na bar3ha ske| kAraNa ki Age kA pradeza ghane jaMgaloM se ghirA thA / aneka jAtiyoM ke kabIle yahAM nivAsa karate the /

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14 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1883 jAhira hai ki jaMgaloM meM rahane vAlI ina Adima jAtiyoM kA, jaMgala meM ugane vAle vRkSa, per3a, paudhe, latA vahAM rahane vAle pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga tathA Asa-pAsa ke pahAr3a, parvata, nadI, nAle Adi ke sAtha, ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| bhArata ke RSi-muniyoM, devI-devatAoM, pavitra graMthoM Adi kI nAmAvalI isa kathana kI dyotaka hai| RSabha, mAMDUkya (upaniSad) zvetAzvatara (upaniSad) taittirIya ( brAhmaNa), piplAda, auduMbara, vatsa, gautama, kAzyapa, kauzika, vAlmIki, hayagrIva, aulUkya, halAyudha, pazupati, araNyAnI, hanumanta, gajAnana, zunaHzepa, sItA (hala paddhati) ikSvAku, matsya, karma, barAha Adi avatAra, pArvatI, vaMzalatA, vRkSamlikA zAbarI Adi vidhAe~, tilodyamA Adi apsarAe~ ye kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| isI prakAra jaise nandi vRSabha ziva se jur3A huA hai, vaise hI garur3a viSNu se, haMsa sarasvatI se, mUSaka gaNeza se aura mayUra kArtikeya se jur3e hue haiN| airAvata hAthI aura UMce kAnavAle athavA ucca svara se hinahinAne vAle indra ke ghor3e kI gaNanA mAMgalika pazuoM meM kI gayI hai, ataeva unheM pUjA-arcanA ke yogya batAyA hai| vRSabha, hAthI, ghor3A, bAnara Adi jaina tIrthakaroM ke cihna isI sambandha ke dyotaka haiN| kalpavRkSoM kI bhI yahI sArthakatA hai / kahate haiM ki pUrvakAla meM kalpavRkSa manuSya kI pratyeka icchA pUrI karane meM sahAyaka hote the, use kisI prakAra kA zrama nahIM karanA par3atA thA / binA kucha kiye dhare use svAdiSTa bhojana, beza kImatI vastra, mUlyavAna AbhUSaNa, rahane ke lie sundara ghara, ghara ke kAma meM Ane vAle bartana - bhaNDe aura kArga- madhura saMgIta kA AsvAdana Adi sabhI kucha anAyAsa prApta ho jAtA thA / jaina granthoM meM dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kA ullekha hai| isase patA lagatA hai ki Adima samAja kA pratyeka kabIlA kisI-na-kisI pazu, pakSI, vRkSa, paudhe yA kITa-pataMga se jur3A huA rahatA thaa| usa pazu-pakSI Adi ko vaha pavitra samajhatA aura usakA bhakSaNa karanA usake lie sarvathA niSiddha thA / kabIle ke isa cihna ko ToTama, gaNacihna, gotra athavA kula nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, orAMva jAti ke kabIle pazu, pakSI, matsya, uraga aura zAka nAmaka gotroM meM vibhAjita haiN| ye pazu Adi kabhI kisI samaya ukta kabIle ko kisI rUpa meM sahAyaka hue hoMge, tabhI se inakI gaNanA ToTama yA gotra meM kI jAne lgii| hinduoM ke lie gomAMsa varjita hai, par3avala jAti ke loga sAMpa kA tuMbA bhakSaNa karane se paraheja karate haiM, more jAti ke loga mora kA aura selAra bakare kA mAMsa nahIM khAte, goDAbe Ama kI lakar3I jalAne ke upayoga meM nahIM lete| choTA nAgapura ke orAMba kabIle ke logoM kA ToTama bAnara hai jisase ve atyanta sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra karate haiM aura use kisI taraha kI hAni pahuMcAnA, yahA~ taka ki use pAlatU banAkara rakhanA bhI heya mAnate haiM | Adima jAtiyoM ke jIvana - vikAsa meM ToTama ke mahatva ko svIkAra karate hue "da spIkiMga TrI" ke lekhaka ricarDa lainoya ne kahA hai "ToTama kA cihna AdimavAsI jAtiyoM kA prakRti ke sAtha aisA Thosa sauhArdapUrNa sambandha sthApita karatA hai jaisA ki unakI jAti-pAMti bhI nahIM krtii|" -- ina AdivAsI kabIloM meM pracalita unake rIti-rivAja, bhAI-cAre ke sambandha, kAyade-kAnUna, nIti-niyama evaM kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM (moTipha athavA abhiprAya ) Adi itanI

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DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina vividhatA aura samRddhatA se ota-prota haiM ki unhoMne bhArata ke prAgaitihAsika samAja ko asAdhAraNa rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyaa| unakI kitanI hI kathA-kahAniyAM, unake vizvAsa, pratItiyAM aura kathAnakoM meM antarbhUta kathAnaka-rur3hiyAM evaM anabUjha paheliyAM Adi dvArA uttarakAlIna sAhitya khUba hI samRddha bnaa| udAharaNa ke lie, AkAza meM ur3anA, jar3I-bUTiyoM se pariveSThita kisI parvata-khaNDa ko uThAkara lAnA, bahate hue jala athavA jalate hue aMgAroM para calanA, viSa-bhakSaNa se aprabhAvita rahanA, kathA ke nAyaka kA sadaiva amara bane rahanA, mRtaka kA jIvita ho jAnA, maMtrazakti ke prayoga se roga kA nivAraNa, divya zakti dvArA rAjapada ke yogya vyakti kA cunAva, pakSiyoM ke sahAre AkAza meM ur3akara ratnoM ke dvIpa meM pahuMcanA, zuka, haMsa, kapota athavA megha dvArA prema kA sandeza preSita karanA, gIdar3a, kauA, chipakalI, zuka, gardabha, mer3hA, machalI Adi kA zabda sunakara zakuna-apazakuna kA vicAra karanA Adi kitanI hI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke prakAra ina kabIloM kI kahAniyoM evaM paheliyoM meM pAye jAte haiM jo prAgaitihAsajJoM evaM samAjazAstriyoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM aura jinakA adhyayana kara hama tatkAlIna sAmAjika mUlyoM evaM paraMparAoM kA bodha prApta karane meM sakSama hote haiN| loka-AkhyAnoM meM sannihita ye kathAnaka-rur3hiyAM bhale hI dekhane aura sunane meM asambhava evaM atizayoktipUrNa jAna par3atI hoM, para vastutaH aisI bAta nhiiN| isa prakAra ke loka-AkhyAna antarrASTrIya stara ke AkhyAnoM meM upalabdha hote haiM jo mAnava ke ApasI bhAI-cAre kI ora iMgita karate haiN| yAtuvidyA (jAdU kI vidyA) kA ullekha Rgveda meM AtA hai jisakA prayojana jhUTha-mUTha asatya athavA bhrAMta vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karanA kadApi nhiiN| yaha vidyA prAgaitihAsikakAlIna samAja ke usa dRSTikoNa kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai jisase patA lagatA hai ki AdimakAla se hI mAnava sadaiva buddhizAlI evaM pragatizIla rahA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki upayukta saMsAdhanoM kA abhAva hone para bhI, mAnava apane buddhi-kauzala aura apanI kalpanA-zakti ke prayoga dvArA, vAstavika ghaTanAoM para niyaMtraNa na hone para bhI, niyaMtraNa hone kA bhrama paidA kara, apane kArya meM saphalatA prApta karane meM sakSama hotA hai| yAtuvidyA ko eka prakAra kI "bhrAmaka kalA" kahA jA sakatA hai jo manuSya kI vAstavika kalA-sambandhI nirbalatAoM se jur3I huI hai| isa prakAra ke atizayoktipUrNa kahe jAne vAle loka-AkhyAna vastutaH mAnava kI kuMThA ko abhivyakta karate haiM tathA ye samAja dvArA lAde hue pratibandhoM se palAyana karane meM eka kAlpanika sAdhana kA kAma karate haiN| (viliyama Ara. baiskoma, da sTaDI Apha phokalora) apane kathana ke samarthana meM prAcIna jaina graMthoM ke AdhAra se yahAM katipaya udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM :1. jaina paramparA ke anusAra, RSabhadeva prathama rAjA, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara aura prathama dharmacakravartI ho gaye haiN| unake pUrva na koI rAjya thA, na rAjA na daNDa aura na dnndd-vidhaataa| sabhI prajAjana apane-apane dharma kA pAlana karate hue sadAcArapUrvaka Ananda kA

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16 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 18 jIvana vyatIta kiyA karate the| kisI prakAra kA vaimanasya athavA vidveSa bhAva unameM nahIM va ataeva ApasI kalaha na hone ke kAraNa kisI prakAra ke daNDa kI vyavasthA na thii| kalpavRdha dvArA unheM sabhI prakAra kA ihalaukika sukha prApta thaa| lekina kAlAntara meM jaba kalpavRkSoM kA prabhAva ghaTane lagA aura santAna ko lekara pArasparika kalaha meM vRddhi hone lagI to pahalI bAra daNDa-vyavasthA kA vidhAna Arambha huA (jambUdvIpa prajJapti 2, AvazyakacarNI 553 ) / mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva 50 ) meM bhI isI prakAra kA AkhyAna varNita hai| yahAM pRthu ko sarvaprathama rAjA ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke loka-AkhyAna AdivAsI jAtiyoM meM bahuta pahale se pracalita the| saMthAlI loka-kathAoM meM kahA gayA hai ki Arambha meM isa prakAra kA cAvala paidA hotA thA jisakA chilakA utArane kI AvazyatA nahIM thI tathA kapAsa ke paudhoM para bane-banAye taiyAra kapar3e lo rahate the, kapAsa oTakara usakI rUI Adi banAkara kapar3A bunane kI jarurata nahIM thii| lekina kAlAntara meM kisI kanyA ke durvyavahAra ke kAraNa cAvala aura vastra kI anAyAsa prApti banda ho gayI, kAraNa ki yaha durvyavahAra ThAkura bAbA ko pasanda na aayaa| 2. kalpavRkSoM kA prabhAva kama ho jAne para, prathama rAjA RSamadeva ne prajA ko zikSA dI :-he loga vanaspati ko hAtha se malakara, usakA chilakA utArakara bhakSaNa kreN| vanaspati ko supAcca banAne ke lie, chilakA utAra, use pattoM ke bane done meM pAnI meM bhigo deM aura phira use hAtha yA bA~hoM kI garmI meM rakhakara garamA leN| tatpazcAt jaba vRkSoM ke saMgharSa se logoM ne agni paidA hote hue dekhI to ve phira apane rAjA ke pAsa phuNce| unheM Adeza prApta huA ki agni meM pacana, prakAzana aura dahana kI zakti maujUda hai, usakA upayoga kiyA jaaye| unheM Adeza milA ki ve loga miTTI ke bartana taiyAra kareM aura unameM vanaspati rakha, usameM pAnI DAla, use Aga para pakAkara khAyeM, isase zarIra svastha rhegaa| (dekhie, saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka, vasudevahi, pR. 162, paMkti 30 se 163, paMkti 6, AvazyakacarNI 154 aadi)| anna ko zarIra kI garmI se pakAne kA rivAja bahuta purAnA hai jo koTA AdivAsI jAti meM pAyA jAtA hai ( dekhie emenyU sTaDIja ina phokaTelsa oNpha iMDiyA, janarala oNpha amarIkana oriMTiyala sosAyaTI, 67 ) / / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI kitanI hI aisI vastue~ haiM jo bhArata meM rahane vAlI AdimavAsI janajAtiyoM meM pracalita thIM aura hamane unheM grahaNa kara apanI saMskRti kA eka pramukha aMga banA liyaa| isa dRSTi se sacamuca hama ina AdimavAsiyoM ke kitane RNI haiN| prAgaitihAsika bhAratIya samAja ko lekara aneka prazna upasthita hote haiM : jaba AdimavAsI jAtiyAM apane kabIloM meM rahatI thIM to jAti prathA kahAM se A gayI ? yajJa-yAgoM meM pazuoM kI bali kyoM dI jAtI thI ? aura isa. prathA kA anta karane meM kauna se pramukha kAraNa rahe / pASANa-pUjA kahA~ se praveza kara gayI ? nAriyala kA mahatva kyoM bar3ha gayA ? sindUra ko kyoM mahatva diyA jAne lagA ? jaba sUrya, candra, agni, varuNa, parjanya Adi prAkRtika divya

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DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina cimakIlI, diva (camakanA)] zaktiyoM ke darzana se Atmavibhora hue bhArata ke AryagaNa sau zarada RtueM pAkara sukhI jIvana vyatIta karane ke lie lAlAyita the, to unameM isa saMsAra ke prati udAsIna vRti kI bhAvanA kyoM jAgata huI ? ahiMsA evaM karuNA kA udaya kina sAmAjika paristhitiyoM meM huA ? aadi-aadi| isakA uttara hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko lekara badalatI huI paristhitiyAM jinake anusAra samaya-samaya para mAnava ne apane Apako DhAlane kA prayatna kiyaa| kitanI anukUla paristhitiyAM thIM pahAr3oM aura nadiyoM ke isa deza meN| uttara meM himAlaya (hima kA prAlaya) praharI ke rUpa meM khar3A huA hai jo devoM ke adhideva nIlakaMTha zivajI mahArAja aura parvata-kanyA pArvatI jI kI anupama krIr3AoM kA sthala rahA hai| kala-kala karatI huI sindhu arthAt sAdhAraNa nadI, Age calakara nadI vizeSa ke artha meM prayukta) nadI kA svara cAroM dezAoM ko guMjita karatA huA sunAI de rahA hai| isa vizAla nadI kI vizeSatA isa bAta se palakatI hai ki isake taTa para basane vAle AryoM ke kabIle hindU (siMgha zabda se) kahalAne lge| Rgveda ke aMtargata nadI-stuti sUkta (1075) meM sindhu nadI ko daur3ane vAlI, upajAU, Na, ghor3A, gau, pitA, mAtA, saMrakSaka, paharedAra, parvata-kanyA Adi vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kara se ghor3oM, rathoM, vastroM, Una, suvarNa Adi se samRddha kahA gayA hai| saptasindhu ( Age calakara sAta meM se kevala pAMca hI nadiyAM raha jAne ke kAraNa paMjAba (yAni paMca+Aba) nAma se saMbodhita kiye jAne vAle isa vizAla deza kI anya pramukha nadiyAM haiM : sutudri ( =zatad = sau garAoM se daur3ane vAlI = satalaja), bipAza (bipAsa = nirbAdha rUpa se bahane vAlI = vyAsa), ruSNI ( irAvatI = rAvI), asivanI ( kRSNa =candrabhAgA =candrarekhA = cainAba), sitastAM -jhelm)| inake atirikta aura bhI kitanI hI nadiyAM isa deza meM pravAhita hokara ise pajAU, dhana-dhAnya Adi se samRddha evaM mUlyavAna banAtI haiM : gaMgA, yamunA, sarasvatI, sarayU, bhA, narmadA, tAptI, godAvarI, gaMDaka, vAghamatI aura na jAne kaun-kaun| nadiyoM kI bhAMti parvatoM kI saMkhyA bhI kucha kama nhiiN| nagAdhirAja himAlaya kA ullekha jyA jA cukA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra, yaha parvata AkAzacArI vidyAdharoM kA krIDAMgana hA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, jaba RSabhadeva aSTApada (kailAza ) parvata para tapasyA meM lIna / unake sambandhI nami aura vinami ko unake samIpa AyA jAna nAgarAja dharaNeMdra ne kRpA karake nheM vidyAeM pradAna kii| Age calakara vidyAdharoM ne apane nagaroM evaM sabhA-bhavanoM meM bhagavAna Sabhadeva kI pratimA sthApita kara unheM vizeSa sammAnita kiyaa| isa prakAra kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa parvata hai sammeda zikhara (samAdhi-zikhara),jahAM katipaya karoM ko chor3akara zeSa ne nirvANa-pada kI prApti kii| ise malla parvata ( saMbhavataH malloM kA bhutva hone ke kAraNa ) bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha pahAr3I pradeza muMDA, saMthAla, orAMva aura mujhyA |di AdivAsI jAtiyoM se ghirA huA hai, isalie isakA mahatva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| raMgaburu athavA bar3apahAr3I muMDA jAti kA devatA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha devatA jAdU vidyA kA dhanI / / kahA jAtA hai ki saMthAla mahilAoM ne cAlAkI karake usase isa vidyA ko le liyA

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R zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1 (bomapAsa, sI.eca., phakalora oNpha saMthAla paraganA) / parvata yAtrA, giri yAtrA, nadI yAtrA aura udyAna yAtrA ke ullekha milate haiM, jisase patA lagatA hai ki. loga parvata, giri, nadI taTa aura bAga-bagIcoM meM jAkara khAte-pIte, nAcate-gAte aura mauja-majA kiyA karate the| tAtparya yaha ki bhAratIya prAgaitihAsika samAja kA jIvana sukhada aura Anandamaya thA ulajhaneM usameM nahIM thIM, rukAvaTeM nahIM thIM, saba loga apanA-apanA kartavya-pAlana karate dayA-dharma ko pAlate, dAnazIlatA evaM udAravRtti rakhate, majahaba kA Agraha nahIM thA, eka-dUsa ko pIche dhakela kara Age bar3hane kI pravRtti nahIM thii| aisI hAlata meM Azcarya nahIM ki vaidika AryoM ne "jIvamaM zaradaH zatam" (hama sau barasa jIyeM) kA svara udghoSita kiyaa| sambhavataya nadiyoM evaM parvatoM dvArA janya prAkRtika suSamA se ota-prota isa deza meM hamAre RSi-muniyoM / cintana-pradhAna saMskRti ko janma diyaa| unhoMne apane gambhIra cintana, manana aura nididhyAsa dvArA rahasyapUrNa sRSTi ke aneka rahasyoM, bhedoM aura marmoM kA udaghATana kara jIvana ke sAmAjiva mUlyoM kI paraMparA sthApita kii| zaka, kuSANa, hUNa Adi kitanI hI jAtiyoM ne samaya-samaya para isa deza meM praveza kiyA cInI, yUnAnI, IrAnI, turkI, aphagAnI Adi sabhyatAoM se bhArata ne Takkara lii| tamila, telaga kannaDa, goMDI (bundelakhaMDa ke Asa-pAsa bolI jAne vAlI), Adi drAvir3I bhASAoM tatha dakSiNa-pUrva eziyAI (jinakA kabhI uttara-pUrvI bhArata aura hinda-cIna meM prAdhAnya thA) parivAra ke antargata Ane vAlI muMDA ( yA kola) aura mona-khmera (aMzataH asama meM bolI jAne vAlI Adi boliyAM bhArata kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti ko prabhAvita kiye binA na rhiiN| ina boliye tathA anya boliyoM ke kitane hI zabda-samUha aise haiM jo Age calakara bhAratIya saMskRti ke pramukha aMga bana gye| kucha udAharaNa :(a) kadalI, nArikela, tAMbUla, alAbU, zAlmalI Adi zabda dakSiNa-pUrva eziyAI boliyoM ve zabda haiM, jisa bolI ko prAga-Arya loga istemAla karate the| (A) hanumanda ( hanumAna) : tamila ke "aNa-manti" zabda se vyutpnn| ___ Rgveda (1086 ) meM vRSA-kapi ke rUpa meM, saMskRta rUpa "hnumnt"| (i) svastika :- yaha parirUpa krITa, kaipeDosiA, TraoNya, liphaAniyA Adi sthAnoM meM bhI pArka jAtA hai| kucha loga ise saura viSNu ke cakra kA saMkSipta rUpa mAnate haiM - isake cAra A se sUrya ke gamanAgamana kA mArga sUcita hotA hai| suprasiddha purAtatvavetA janarala kaniMghama meM ise lipi meM aMkita su+asti (svasti) kA dyotaka mAnA hai| mUla rUpa se lithuAniyA-vAsI sAo pAulo (brAjila) kI merI ziSyA kumArI gulabisa ilonA meM mujhe batAyA ki isa cihna ko agni kA kraoNsa mAnA gayA hai jo prakAza, agni, jIkA svAsthya evaM samRddhi kA sUcaka hai| lithuAniyA ke lokagItoM meM ise AkAza kA luhAra mAnakara dhAnya ko pakAne vAlA aura dAnavoM ko bhagAnevAlA kahA hai| isase jAna pdd'taa| ki svastika kA cihna apane mUla rupa meM prAkRtika zaktiyoM se jur3A huA thaa| janajAtiyAM ise divya mAnakara isase preraNA prApta kiyA karatI thiiN| M AHES

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DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina (I) indra, varuNa, mitra, nAsatya ye cAroM Rgvedika devatA, kiMcit parivartanapUrvaka lagabhaga IsA pUrva 14vIM zatAbdI meM bodhAja - koi ( eziyA mAinara ) ke abhilekhoM meM upalabdha / hiTTI bhASA meM indra kA ina- ta-ra aura varuNa kA u-ru-vana-a ke rUpa meM ullekha / vastutaH jaise kahA jA cukA hai, hamArI aitihAsika evaM prAgaitihAsika sAmAjika saMskRti bahuta kara jana-jAtiyoM kI saMskRti para avalambita hai| jana-jAti ke gaNa jo kucha mehanata-mazakkata se upalabdha hotA, use bA~Ta-bA~Takara khAte, sahayogapUrvaka milajulakara rahate, bhAIcAre kA bartAva karate, eka-dUsare ko kama se kama kaSTa phuNcaate| ahiMsA, karuNA evaM maitrI kI unakI yaha pravRti hameM virAsata meM milI hai jisakI rakSA ke lie Aja bhI hama prANa paNa se prayatnazIla haiN| deza kI ekatA, prabhutA, akhaMDatA evaM satyaniSThA kA nArA Aja bhI hameM sunAI detA hai / hamAre pUrvajoM ne atyanta parizramapUrvaka tatkAlIna samAja ke jina mUlyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA hai, ve mUlya aura vaha paramparA Aja bhI hamAre lie utanI hI guNakArI hai jitanI pahale thI, balki usase bhI adhika / - sandarbha-grantha 1. 2. da vaidika eja, jilda / (hisTrI eNDa kalcara oNpha da iMDiyana pIpala) sunItikumAra caTarjI, orijina eNDa DiklaipameMTa oNpha baMgAlI laiMgaveja DI. DI. kosAmbI, iMDiyana hisTrI (aina iMTroDakzana TU ) jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta naireTiva liTarecara - orijina eNDa grotha 5. jagadIzacandra jaina, bhAratIya darzana - eka nayI dRSTi 3. 4. 19 bhAratIya samAja aura RSabhadeva saMgoSThI 10-11 mArca, 1661 / RSabhadeva pratiSThAna evaM bauddha vidyA vibhAga (dillI vizvavidyAlaya) dvArA saMyukta rUpa se Ayojita --

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jaina evaM bauddha darzana meM pramANa - vivecana - DaoN. dharma canda jaina nAgArjuna, jayarAzibhaTTa evaM zrIharSa ko chor3akara bhAratIya darzana ke phalaka para pratyeka dArzanika prameyajJAna ke lie pramANa ke mahattva ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, vedAnta-mImAMsA, jaina-bauddha Adi samasta dArzanika dhArAoM meM pramANa-zAstrIya granthoM kA nirmANa huA / bauddha evaM jaina darzana ke vizAla vADmaya meM hue pramANa - zAstrIya - cintana kA bhAratIya darzana meM viziSTa mahattva hai / bauddha tripiTakoM meM bAda- vidyA ke yatkiMcit prayoga ke atirikta pramANa carcA nagaNya haiN| cInI srota se upalabdha 'upAyahRdaya' evaM 'tarkazAstra nAmaka diGnAga- pUrva granthoM meM jo pramANa-nirUpaNa milatA hai usakA adhikAMza gautama ke nyAyasUtra evaM caraka kI saMhitA se prabhAvita hai / vAstava meM diGnAga hI bauddha-nyAya ke janaka haiM, jinhoMne 5vIM zatI meM bhAratIya darzana meM pRthak pramANa - zAstrIya granthoM kA pravartana kiyA / diDnAMga ke anantara unake sampradAya meM dharmakIrti (620-690 I.), dharmottara (700 I.), arcaTa ( 8vIM zatI pUrvArddha), prajJAkara gupta ( 670-724 I.), zAntarakSita (705-764 I.), kamalazIla ( 8vIM zatI) Adi pramukha dArzanika hue jinhoneM bauddha darzana meM pramANa - cintana ko Age bddh'aayaa| jaina darzana meM pramANa cintana kI pUrNa vyavasthita prastuti kA zreya bhaTTa akalaMka (720-780 I.) ko diyA jAtA hai| yadyapi akalaMka se pUrva jainAgamoM meM bhI pramANa-carcA bIja rUpa meM upalabdha hai, kintu vaha bauddha grantha upAyahRdaya evaM tarkazAstra kI bhAMti gautama ke nyAyasUtra evaM caraka kI saMhitA se prabhAvita hai| siddhasena, mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ( caturthazatI), samantabhadra (SaSThazatI), haribhadra (saptamazatI) Adi Agamottara dArzanikoM kI racanAe~ anekAntavAda kI pratiSThApaka adhika rahI haiN| pramANa-cintana meM siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kA avazya mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai jise jainadarzana kI pramANaviSayaka AdyakRti kahA jA sakatA hai / sumati evaM pAtrasvAmI bhI akalaMka ke pUrva hue haiM kintu unake prasiddha grantha anupalabdha haiM / akalaMka evaM unake uttaravartI AcAryoM meM vidyAnandi (775-840 I.), anantavIrya (950-990 I.), vAdirAja ( 1025I.), abhayadevasUri ( 10vIM zatI), prabhAcandra (980-1065 I.), didevasUri (1086-1169 I.), hemacandra ( 1088-1173 I.) Adi pramukha haiM jinameM bauddha pramANa - cintana bhI parIkSita huA hai| bauddhoM ke pramANa-parIkSaNa ke lie mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa cauthI - pA~cavIM zatI) kA bradazAranayacakra evaM usa para siMhasUri (saptama zatI) kI TIkA bhI hattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai|

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22 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM bauddhoM kA jo saMgharSa nyAya-vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzana ke udbhaTa dArzanikoM ke sAtha rahA vaha anekAntavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ke sAtha nahIM dekhA jaataa| jaina evaM bauddha ye donoM darzana zramaNa paramparA ke darzana the, ataH inakA saMgharSa vaidika paramparA ke sAtha adhika thA, paraspara meM km| phira bhI jaina pramANa-zAstrIya granthoM kA sUkSmAvalokana kiyA jAya to AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI ke grantha bauddha pramANamImAMsA evaM tattvamImAMsA ke khaNDana se aTe par3e haiN| bauddhoM meM bhI dharmakIrti, zAntarakSita evaM arcaTa ke granthoM meM jaina-mata parIkSita huA hai| yahA~ para hama ina donoM darzanoM ke pramANa viSayaka cintana para vicAra kregeN| pramANa-lakSaNa zramaNa saMskRti ke paricAyaka jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnate haiN| naiyAyikoM ko abhISTa indriya evaM indriyArthasannikarSa, sAMkhya sammata indriyavRtti, mImAMsakAbhimata jJAtavyApAra Adi ko ye donoM darzana ajJAnAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| inake mata meM samyagjJAna hI pramANa hai kyoMki vaha hI heya evaM upAdeya artha kA jJAna karAne meM samartha hotA - hai tathA vahI arthaprApaka, pravartaka yA saMvAdaka hotA hai| pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka, mAnate hue bhI tatvamImAMsA kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa donoM darzanoM ke pramANa-svarUpa meM aneka maulika matabheda haiN| bauddhadarzana meM pramANa-lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa tIna prakAra se milatA hai| prathama prakAra meM ajJAta artha ke jJApaka yA prakAzaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| dvitIya prakAra meM avisaMvAdI jJAna ko tathA tRtIya prakAra meM arthasArUpya ko pramANa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| prathama prakAra ke pramANa-lakSaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya kI vizAlAmalavatI TIkA meM 'ajJAtArtha-jJApakamiti pramANasAmAnyalakSaNam ke rUpa meM milatA hai jise dharmakIrti ne pramANavArtika meM 'ajJAtArthaprakAzo vA' kathana ke dvArA puSTa kiyA hai| dvitIya pramANa-lakSaNa 'pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam kA nirUpaNa dharmakIrti ne kiyA hai jisake anusAra avisaMvAdaka jJAna pramANa hai| avisaMvAdaka zabda kA artha yahA~ abhrAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki bhrAntajJAna bhI kadAcit anumAna ke rUpa meM pramANa hotA hai| avisaMvAdaka zabda kA artha hai -- arthkriyaasthiti| arthakriyAsthiti se Azaya arthaprApaNa kI yogyatA hai| dharmottara ne nyAyabinduTIkA meM avisaMvAdaka zabda kI vyAkhyA meM prakaTa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra loka meM pUrva pradarzita vastu ko prApta karA dene vAlA puruSa saMvAdaka kahalAtA hai usI prakAra jJAna bhI apane dvArA pradarzita yA avabodhita artha ko prApta karAne ke kAraNa saMvAdaka kahA jAtA hai| prApta karAne kA artha pravartaka honA nahIM hai, apitu pravRtti ke viSaya kA bodha karAnA mAtra hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to dharmakIrti ke mata meM arthakriyA meM samarthavastu kA pradarzaka jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai| ajJAtArthajJApaka evaM avisaMvAdI jJAnarUpa lakSaNoM ko dharmakIti ke vRttikAra manorathanandI ne paraspara sApekSa pratipAdita kiyA hai| unake anusAra pramANa avisaMvAdI hone ke sAtha ajJAta artha kA prakAzaka hotA hai tathA ajJAta artha kA prakAzaka hone ke sAtha avisaMvAdaka bhI hotA hai| yadi aisA svIkAra na kiyA jAya to pItazaMkha jJAna visaMvAdaka hone para bhI ajJAta artha kA prakAzaka

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dharma canda jaina lisadaashtra ne se pramANa ho jAegA tathA dhArAvAhika jJAna avisaMvAdaka hone se ajJAtArtha kA prakAzaka na ne para bhI pramANa ho jaaegaa|10 dharmakIti ke eka anya TIkAkAra prajJAkara gupta ne ajJAtArtha prakAzaka jJAna rUpa pramANa-lakSaNa ko pAramArthika lakSaNa evaM avisaMvAdI jJAna rUpa pramANa-lakSaNa ko sAMvyavahArika lakSaNa batalAyA hai|" pramANa ke tRtIya lakSaNa 'arthasAnampyamasya pramANam' kA nirUpaNa taba huA hai12 jaba pramANa kA usake phala se bheda pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne arthAdhigati ko phala evaM arthasArUpya ko pramANa bAhayArthavAda kI dRSTi se nirUpita kiyA hai| vijJAnavAda ke anusAra yogyatA ko pramANa evaM svasaMvitti ko phala kahA gayA hai| 3 arthasArUpya ko pramANa evaM adhigati ko phala batalAkara bauddha dArzanikoM ne vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva ke dvArA pratiniyata artha ke jJAna kI vyavasthA nirUpita kI hai|14 jaina dArzanikoM ne arthasArUpya kA nirasana kara jJAna meM pratiniyata artha kA vyavasthApaka hone kI svataH yogyatA svIkAra kI hai|15 unhoMne jJAna kI utpatti meM artha kI kAraNatA kA bhI pratiSedha kiyA hai tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke praya yA kSayopazama ko jJAna kI utpatti meM pramukha kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai|16 / jaina dArzanika pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnane ke sAtha use nizcayAtmaka bhI mAnate haiN| nizcayAtmakatA athavA vyavasAyAtmakatA hI jaina dArzanikoM ke pramANa kA pramukha lakSaNa hai jo use bauddhadarzana meM pratipAdita pramANa-lakSaNa se pRthak karatA hai| jainadarzana meM sAmAnyarUpa se jo pramANa-lakSaNa pratiSThita huA hai usake anusAra sva evaM para artha kA nizcAyaka jJAna pramANa hai|7 vahI pramA kA kAraNa bhI hai|18 jainadArzanikoM ne ise samyAjJAna, tattvajJAna, svaparAbhAsijJAna21 Adi zabdoM meM bhI prakaTa kiyA hai| pramANa ko unhone saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita nirUpita kiyA hai| yaha vidvad vidita hai ki jainAgamoM meM nirUpita mati, zruta Adi pA~ca jJAnoM ko hI jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| nandIsUtra, bhagavatIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama, anuyogadAra sUtra Adi granthoM meM jJAna kA vizada evaM vistRta vivecana hai| vahA~ para samyaktva yA samyagdarzana pUrvaka hone vAle jJAna ko samyagjJAna tathA mithyAtva pUrvaka hone vAle jJAna ko mithyAjJAna yA ajJAna batalAyA gayA hai| pramANa-mImAMsA ke kSetra meM jaina dArzanikoM ne ise kiMcit saMzodhana rUpa meM prastuta kara saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna ko samyagjJAna evaM inase yukta jJAna ko mithyAjJAna yA apramANa batalAyA hai| pramANa-lakSaNa kA pratipAdana karane meM jaina dArzanikoM para bauddha-lakSaNoM kA bhI prabhAva rahA hai| isakA spaSTa nidarzana svayaM akalaMka haiN| akalaMka ne aSTazatI meM bauddhoM ke ajJAtArthajJApaka evaM avisaMvAdaka jJAna rUpa lakSaNoM kA samanvaya karake 'pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt rUpa meM jaina pramANa-lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA24, tadanusAra anadhigata artha kA jJAna karAne ke kAraNa avisaMvAdaka jJAna pramANa hotA hai| jaina nyAya ke pratiSThApaka akalaMka dvArA anadhigatagrAhI jJAna ko pramANa-lakSaNa meM sthAna dene kA pariNAma yaha huA ki vidyAnandi ko chor3akara anya digambara jaina dArzanika pramANa-lakSaNa meM apUrva, anadhigata Adi vizeSaNoM kA grahaNa karate rhe| mANikyanandI dvArA pradatta lakSaNa

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24 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam' meM prayukta apUrva zabda isakA spaSTa udAharaNa hai| 29 prabhAcandra ne bhI pramANa ko kathaMcit apUrva artha kA grAhaka, siddha kiyA hai| 26 vidyAnandi ne apUrva yA anadhigata vizeSaNa ko vyartha batalAkara sva evaM artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| 27 zvetAmbara jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa- lakSaNa meM apUrva evaM anadhigata padoM kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki unake mata meM gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hai| hemacandra ne grahISyamANa ke samAna gRhIta ke grAhI jJAna ko bhI pramANa pratipAdita kara usake anadhigatagrAhitva vizeSaNa kA nirasana kiyA hai| 28 vastutaH anadhigata viSaya ke grAhakatva ko pramANa kA vizeSaNa banAnA akalaMka para tatkAlIna zramaNa saMskRti kI anya dArzanika dhArA arthAt bauddhoM kA prabhAva hai| isIlie apane eka anya TIkA grantha tattvArthavArtika meM unhoMne svayaM ajJAta artha ke jJApaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA dIpaka kA dRSTAnta dekara jJAta artha ke prakAzaka jJAna ko bhI pramANa siddha kiyA hai| 29 akalaMka ne laghIyastraya meM pramANa kA eka aisA lakSaNa diyA hai jisameM anadhigata yA apUrva pada kA prayoga nahIM kara 'AtmA evaM artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa' kahA hai| 30 yahI jaina darzana meM pramANa kA mukhyalakSaNa banakara pratiSThita huA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM bauddhoM ke atirikta mImAMsakoM ne bhI pramANa ko anadhigata artha kA grAhaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| bauddha evaM mImAMsakoM meM pahale anadhigatArthagantRtA ko pramANa kA lakSaNa kisane pratipAdita kiyA isa viSaya meM abhI taka spaSTa mata sAmane nahIM AyA hai| ztravAtskI Adi vidvAn isa viSaya meM mauna haiM. kintu DaoN. dharmendranAtha zAstrI kA mata hai ki saMbhavataH bauddha prabhAva se mImAMsakoM ne unake pramANa lakSaNa meM anadhigatArthagantRtA ko sthAna diyA / 31 unakA yaha mata ucita pratIta hotA hai kyoMki zabarasvAmI taka mImAMsA darzana meM pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa nahIM milatA hai, dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mImAMsA darzana kI tattvamImAMsA isake anukUla nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pramANa ke anadhigatArthagantRtva lakSaNa kA khaNDana naiyAyikoM evaM jaina dArzanikoM ne prAyaH mImAMsakoM ko lakSya karake kiyA hai, bauddhoM ko lakSya karake nhiiN| lakSaNa sAmya ke kAraNa vaha khaNDana bauddhoM para bhI lAgU ho jAtA hai| niraMza kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kI tattvamImAMsA ko spaSTa karane ke lie pramANa ko ajJAtArthajJApaka mAnatA upayukta ho sakatA hai, kintu nityAnityavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM pramANa gRhIta artha kA bhI grAhI hotA hai| smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi ko pramANa mAnanA isakA poSaka tathya hai| bauddhadarzana meM nirUpita dvitIya lakSaNa pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam' kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, akalaMka se lekara hemacandra taka sabhI jainadArzanika avisaMvAdaka zabda se virodha prakaTa nahIM karate haiM kintu bauddha tatvamImAMsA evaM pramANamImAMsA meM usakI anupapannatA siddha karate haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne avisaMvAdaka zabda ko jaina pramANa lakSaNa meM bhI ghaTita kiyA hai / 32 avisaMvAdaka zabda kA artha jaina dArzanika akalaMka ne pramANAntaroM se abAdhita evaM pUrvApara virodha se rahita jJAna ko avisaMvAdaka kahA hai| 33 isI artha meM jaina darzana meM avisaMvAdaka kA abhISTa hai|

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DaoN. dharma canda jaina atisaMvAdakatA ko jaina dArzanika nirNayAtmakatA ke adhIna mAnate haiN| nirNayAtmakatA ke hone para hI unake anusAra avisaMvAdakatA saMbhava hai aura nirNayAtmakatA ke abhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA kA bhI abhAva rahatA hai| 4 akalaMka ke anusAra jisa jJAna meM jitane aMza meM avisaMvAdakatA hai, vaha jJAna utane aMza meM pramANa hai| timirarogI ko hone vAle dvicandra jJAna meM candrAMza pramANa evaM dvitvAMza apramANa hai|35 __ jainadArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke avisaMvAdaka jJAna rUpa pramANa-lakSaNa kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha bauddha tatvamImAMsA kI pAramArthika dRSTi para AdhArita hai| bauddhoM kI niraMza kSaNikavAdI tatvamImAMsA meM dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa atyanta bhinna hote haiM, ataH unameM pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| bauddha mata meM dRSTa artha kI prApti avisaMvAdakatA kahalAtI hai, jabaki pratyakSa dvArA dRSTa artha prApta nahIM hotA, koI anya hI artha prApta hotA hai| vastutaH bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se avisaMvAdI mAnate haiM jabaki jaina dArzanikoM kA tarka hai ki avisaMvAdakatA pAramArthika dRSTi se bhI honI cAhie tabhI avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bauddhoM dvArA nirUpita pratyakSa kI bhAMti anumAna pramANa bhI jaina dRSTi meM avisaMvAdaka nahIM hai kyoMki vaha bhrAnta jJAna hai evaM avastubhUta sAmAnyalakSaNa ko viSaya karake svalakSaNa kA adhyavasAya karatA hai| pramANa-bheda jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yadyapi do hI pramANa svIkAra karate haiM, tathApi unameM gaharA matabheda hai| bauddhamata meM pratyakSa evaM anumAna ye do pramANa haiM jabaki jainadArzanika pratyakSa evaM parokSa ke rUpa meM pramANa-vya kA kathana karake parokSa pramANa ke antargata smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka, anumAna evaM Agama ina pA~ca pramANoM kA samAveza kara lete haiN| isa prakAra jainamata meM pramANoM kI saMkhyA chaha ho jAtI hai| inameM pratyakSa evaM anumAna to donoM sampradAyoM ko svIkRta haiM kintu smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kA prAmANya kevala jaina dArzanikoM ko abhISTa hai, bauddhoM ko nhiiN| Agama yA zabda kA prAmANya bauddhoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai kintu ve isakA apoha dvArA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva kara lete haiM, pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthAna nahIM dete| jainadArzanikoM ne zabda yA Agama ko anumAna se pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| - bauddha dArzanika pramANavyavasthAvAdI haiN| unake yahA~ pratyeka prameya ke lie bhinna pramANa kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isalie diGnAga ne pramANasamuccaya meM spaSTa zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pramANa do hI hai - 1. pratyakSa evaM 2. anumaan| kama evaM adhika nahIM, kyoMki prameya bhI do hI haiM - svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa / svalakSaNa prameya pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya hai tathA sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya anumAna pramANa kA vissy|36 / jaina dArzanikoM ne prameya ke AdhAra para pramANoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki jinamata meM prameya eka hI prakAra kA hai ve samasta prameya ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka svIkAra kara use

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 188 eka rUpa mAnate haiN|37 usa ekavidha prameya kA jJAna karane ke lie hI jaina dArzanika pratyaya smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi aneka pramANoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina dArzanika pramANa saMplavavAdI haiN| pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa-pramANa ke lakSaNa ko lekara jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM meM gaharA mata-bheda hai| bauddhadArzanika pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka pratipAdita karate haiM to jainadArzanika pramANa ko nizcayAtmaka svIkAra karane ke kAraNa savikalpa siddha karate haiN| diGnAga ne 'pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM nAmajAtyAdyasaMyutam 38 udghoSa ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA ki nAma, jAti, kriyA, dravya Adi kI yojanA rUpa kalpanA se rahita jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hotA hai| diGnAga praNIta lakSaNa meM abhidharmakoza vyAkhyA ke 'cakSurvijJAnasamaMgI nIlaM vijAnAti no ta nIlamiti tathA 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJIti vAkya mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| dharmakIrti ko pradiGnAgaya lakSaNa aparyApta pratIta huA ataH unhoMne 'abhrAnta pada kA aura sanniveza para 'tatra pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamabhrAntama ke rUpa meM tathA lakSaNa dekara kalpanA rahita evaM abhrAnta jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa khaa| diGnAga nAma, jAti, guNa, kriyA, dravya Adi kI zabdayojanA karane ko kalpanA mAnate hai kintu dharmakIrti unase bhI eka caraNa Age bar3hakara abhilApa arthAt vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga yogya pratibhAsapratIti ko hI kalpanA kaha dete haiN|41 abhrAnta zabda ke sanniveza kA aucitya batalAte hue dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki kabhI koI jJAna kalpanA rahita hote hue bhI indriyavikAra ke kAraNa bhrAnta ho sakatA hai, usa bhrAnta jJAna kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie abhrAnta pada kA pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM sanniveza Avazyaka hai|42 dharmottara ne abhilApasaMsargayogya pratIti kI vyAkhyA karate hue arthasannidhi se nirapekSa aniyatAkAra pratibhAsa ko abhilAphsaMsargayogya pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA vikalpa yA kalpanA ko artha se anutpanna kahakara usakA pratyakSa se vyAvartana kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai| svalakSaNa anabhidheya hotA hai| vaha zabda vivikta artha hotA hai| usameM vAcyavAcaka bhAva nahIM hotaa| vAcyavAcaka bhAva kA svIkAra bauddhoM ne sAmAnyalakSaNa meM kiyA hai| kintu dharmottara kA mata hai ki svalakSaNa meM bhI vAcya vAcaka bhAva saMbhava hai aura usakI vAcya-vAcakatA ko svIkAra karake hI pratyakSa ko kalpanApoDha kahA gayA hai| svalakSaNa kA indriya jJAna niyata pratibhAsa vAlA hone se abhilApa ke saMsarga yogya nahIM hotA, ataH nirvikalpaka hotA hai|45 jainadArzanikoM ne bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI dhajjiyAM uDAkara pratyakSa ko savikalpaka, vizada, arthasAkSAtkArI evaM nizcayAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| cauthI-pA~cavI zatI ke mahAn jainadArzanika mallavAdI ne diGnAga-praNIta pratyakSa ko nirUpaNAtmaka hone se Alambana pratyaya ke viparIta pratipattyAtmaka hone se, adhyAropAtmaka hone se, sAmAnyarUpa viSayAtmaka hone se, sata evaM asata donoM kA abheda grAhaka hone se savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai tathA hetvantara se

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dharma canda jaina hone ke kAraNa use vyapadezya batalAyA hai| abhidharmakoza ke vAkyoM 'cakSurvijJAnasamaMgI nIlaM jAnAti no tu nIlamiti' evaM 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJIti kA bhI mallavAdI ne khaNDana pratyakSa meM vikalpAtmakatA siddha kI hai|46 bauddha mata meM pratyakSa ko anekArthajanya evaM sarvasAmAnya gocara pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|47 mallavAdI ne ina donoM ko AdhAra banAkara lakSaNa ko anupapanna siddha kiyA hai|48 tArkika ziromaNi mallavAdI ne diGnAgIya pratyakSa nirasana karane hetu jo tarka die haiM unakA khaNDana kisI bhI uttaravartI bauddha dArzanika ne nahIM kiyA hai| akalaMka nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko svalakSaNoM meM bheda kA vyavasthApaka nahIM mAnate haiM tathA ise avizada, anizcayAtmaka, visaMvAdI evaM saMvyavahAra ke lie anupayogI siddha karate haiN| vidyAnandi, abhayadevasari, prabhAcandra, vAdidevamUri Adi dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa ke viSaya ko sAMza asAmAnya vizeSAtmaka pratipAdita karake bhI pratyakSa ko savikalpaka evaM nizcayAtmaka siddha kayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA nirasana karate hue kalpanA kI anya koTiyA~ prastuta kI haiM, yathA - aspaSTAkAra pratIti, gRhItagrAhitA, adhyavasAyAtmakatA, asat meM vartakatA, samAropa kI aniSedhakatA, saMvyavahArAnupayogitA, svalakSaNAviSayakatA, zabdajanyatA di| inakA bhI khaNDana kara jainadArzanikoM ne pratyakSa meM nizcayAtmakatA evaM jAtyAdiviziSTa varya kI grAhakatA rUpa meM savikalpakatA siddha kI hai|49 jainadArzanikoM ne bauddha pratyakSa ko paramANu saMghAta evaM svalakSaNa samUha se utpanna hone ke kAraNa bhI savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai| jaina dArzanika pratipAdita karate haiM ki samasta kalpanAoM ke saMhAra kI avasthA meM bhI sthira, sthUla artha kA pratibhAsa hotA hai aura vaha pratibhAsa zabda saMsarga yogya hotA hai isalie vaha bhI savikalpaka hI hai|50 svalakSaNa artha ko jaina dArzanika pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki pratyakSa dvArA svalakSaNa paramANuoM kA adhyavasAya nahIM hotA, apitu sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kA adhyaksAya hotA hai| vaizeSikoM kI bhA~ti jainadarzana meM sAmAnya evaM vizeSa do bhinna padArtha nahIM haiM, apitu pratyeka padArtha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hotA hai| vihA~ sAmAnya vizeSa se vyatirikta nahIM hotA tathA vizeSa sAmAnya se vyatirikta nahIM hotaa| / bauddha pratyakSa-pramANa kI AlocanA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadArzanikoM ke mata meM pratyakSa-pramANa vizadAtmaka hone ke sAtha savikalpAtmaka evaM vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai tathA vahI saMvAdaka evaM arthakriyA meM pravartaka bhii| bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vyavasAyAtmaka athavA nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, isalie usakI saMvAdakatA aura arthakriyA meM pravartakatA bhI saMdigdha hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa ko savikalpaka mukhyarUpa se usakI nizcayAtmakatA, abhilApa saMsargayogyatA evaM jJAnAtmakatA ke kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA hai| jo jJAna nizcayAtmaka hotA hai usakA savikalpaka honA Avazyaka hai kintu yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki pratyeka vikalpAtmaka jJAna nizcayAtmaka bhI ho| eka prazna bauddha pratyakSa kI nirvikalpakatA ko lekara sahaja hI uThatA hai ki eka ora bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnate haiM to dUsarI ora pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka svIkAra karate haiN| jJAnAtmakatA ke sAtha nirvikalpakatA saMbhava nahIM hai| jJAna mAnasika pratyaya ke sivAya kucha nahIM hai| mAnasika pratyaya ko yadi vikalpa kahA jAtA hai to aisA koI jJAnAtmaka pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA jo vikalpAtmaka nahIM ho|

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28 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1 jainadarzana meM nirUpita pratyakSa-lakSaNa ko kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se do dhArAoM meM rakhA je sakatA hai - 1. prAcIna Agamika dhArA evaM 2. prmaann-vyvsthaayugiindhaaraa| prAcIna AgamikA dhArA ke anusAra indriya, mana Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA meM svataH jJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya ke kSayopazama se jo jJAna prakaTa hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai / indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna parokSa hai| dvitIyadhArA ke dArzanikoM ne jainetara dArzanikoM ke sAtha pramANa carcA meM bhAga lene ke lie indriya evaM mana dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara use pratyakSa pramANa kI koTi meM sthApita kiyaa|52 pAramArthika pratyakSa ke rUpa meM mAtra-Atma sApekSa jJAna ko rakhA153 pAramArthika evaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM samAna rUpa se lAgU hone vAle pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA pratipAdana karate hue samasta jaina dArzanika ekamata se vizada yA spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiN|54 vaha vizada jJAna pramANa hone se sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka to hotA hI hai| pratyakSa meM vizadatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhaTTa akalaMka anumAna Adi parokSa pramANoM kI apekSA adhika prakAzakatA ko hI vizadatA mAnate hai, kintu vizadatA kI yaha vyAkhyA tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko lie hue haiN| anumAna Adi pramANoM kA jJAna nahIM ho taba taka pratyakSa kI vizadatA ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM nirUpita vizadatA kI vyAkhyA anumAnAdyAzrita hone se doSapUrNa hai| maNikyanandI ne jJAnAntara ke vyavadhAna se rahita vizeSa rUpeNa prakAzakatA ko vizadatA kahA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne vizadatA ko prakaTa karane vAlI eka navIna vizeSatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura vaha hai - idantayA prtibhaas| hama smRti rahita idantayA pratibhAsa ko pratyakSa kaha sakate haiM, smRtiyukta idantayA pratibhAsa pratyabhijJAna meM bhI ho sakatA hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI prakriyA meM avagraha evaM IhAjJAna meM idantayA pratibhAsa to hotA hai kintu nizcayAtmakatA nahIM hotii| jaina dArzanika nizcayAtmakatA ke binA kisI jJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, tathApi Agama-dRSTi se matijJAna ke bhedoM meM avagraha evaM IhA kA samAveza hone se unheM pramANa mAna liyA gayA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne jaina pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA kintu usake viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka kA zAntarakSita ne tattvasaMgraha meM vistRta khaNDana kara svalakSaNa artha kA sthApana kiyA hai|58 mUla rUpa se sphuTatA yA vizadatA kA svIkAra donoM darzanoM meM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kA khaNDana kara bauddha dArzanika parokSa rUpa se jaina pramANa-vyavasthA kA bhI khaNDana kara dete haiN| zabdayojanA rahita zaddha pratyakSa kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa samIcIna pratIta hotA hai kintu pramANa dvArA arthakriyA meM pravRtti yA heyopAdeya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para vaha sarvathA anupayogI evaM avyavahArya pratIta hotA hai tathA jaina sammata savikalpaka pratyakSa upayogI evaM vyavahArya pratIta hotA hai| bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa isalie bhI avyavahArya evaM kAlpanika hai kyoMki usakA viSaya sthUla evaM sthira dRSTigocara hone

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. dharma canda jaina le padArtha nahIM apitu nirantara gatizIla evaM sUkSma asAdhAraNa svalakSaNa artha haiM, jinakA kisI bhI puruSa ko pratyakSa hotA huA dikhAI nahIM detA hai| 'tatrAnekArthajanyatvAt', 'svArthe sAmAnyagocaram' Adi vAkya spaSTa pratipAdana karate haiM ki aneka svalakSaNa milakara hI dRzya jhate haiM athavA pratyakSa pramANa kI utpatti meM kAraNa banate haiN| aneka svalakSaNoM kA samudAya sAmAnya hai| sAmAnya meM indriya pratyakSa hotA hai ataH use kathamapi nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| anumAna-pramANa nyAya-vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzanoM ke samAna jainadarzana meM anumAna pramANa ko pratyakSa ke samAna yathArtha viSaya kA grAhaka pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki bauddha darzana meM anumAna-pramANa kA viSaya pratyakSa kI bhAMti paramArthasat nahIM apitu avastubhUta evaM kalpita sAmAnyalakSaNa hai| avastubhUta sAmAnya lakSaNa ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa dharmakIrti ne anumAna pramANa ko bhrAnta jJAna kahA hai| bhrAnta hote hue bhI ve pramAtA ke abhiprAya kA avisaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa use pramANa mAnate haiN| unake anusAra samasta bhrAnta jJAna pramANa nahIM hote, apitu jo bhrAnta jJAna arthakriyA meM avisaMvAdaka siddha hotA hai vahI anumAna pramANa kahA gayA hai|00 anumAna kI pramANatA ke lie unake dvArA pradatta maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA kA dRSTAnta prasiddha hai| maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA donoM meM maNibuddhi honA yadyapi bhrAnta jJAna hai, tathApi maNiprabhA kI ora daur3ane thAle puruSa ko maNi kI prApti ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jisa bhrAnta jJAna se svalakSaNa artha kI prApti hotI hai vaha avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| / jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra bauddha sammata anumAna-pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hai| vidyAnandi ne dharmakIrti dvArA pradatta maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki maNiprabhA se maNi kI prApti rUpa saMvAdakatA ko pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhinna pramANa mAnanA hogA kyoMki maNiprabhA meM maNibuddhi honA bhrAntajJAna hai isalie vaha pratyakSa mahIM ho sktaa| ise anumAna pramANa bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki maNiprabhA darzana meM liMga aura liMgI ke sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hai| liMga evaM liMgI kA jJAna hue binA anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sktaa|62 sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA athavA liMga se anumeya artha kA jJAna honA anumAna hai| anumAna kA yaha sAmAnyalakSaNa jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzanoM ko samAna rUpa se mAnya hai kintu bauddhoM se anumAna pramANa ko trirUpaliMgajanya mAnA hai| jabaki jainoM ne isakA khaNDana karake eka rUpa avinAbhAvI hetu se anumAna ko pramANa siddha kiyA hai| bauddhamata meM trirUpa hetu ke binA koI bhI dhAntajJAna anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa trirUpatA si sampanna hetu hI bauddhamata meM anumAna ko pramANa banAtA hai| isIlie zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne trispaliMga yukta saMvAdaka jJAna ko anumAna pramANa kahA hai| 4 kamalazIla kahate haiM ke jo jJAna trirUpaliMga se utpanna hotA hai vaha pAramparyeNa svalakSaNa vastu se pratibaddha hotA hai,

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30 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 isalie vaha pratyakSa ke samAna avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa hai|65 isa prakAra trirUpaliMgajanya jJAna vikalpAtmaka evaM bhrAnta hokara bhI avisaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa bauddhadarzana meM anumAna pramANa ke rUpa meM abhISTa hai| __ jainadArzanikoM ne bauddha sammata anumAna-pramANa meM avisaMvAdakatA svIkAra nahIM kI hai kyoMvi usake grAhyaviSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa se usakA adhyavaseya viSaya svalakSaNa ekadama bhinna hai| grAhada evaM adhyavaseya viSayoM kI bhinnatA saMvAdakatA siddha nahIM krtii| vidyAnandi bauddha anumAna kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki anumAna kA Alambana pratyaya sAmAntalakSaNa jaba avastubhUta hai te usase prApta svalakSaNa vAstavika nahIM ho sktaa| diGnAga ne anumAna pramANa ke svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM kA pratipAdana bhAratIya darzana meM pahalI bAra kiyA jo jainoM dvArA bhI Adata hue| jainetara evaM bauddhetara arthAt zramaNetara darzanoM ne bhI unheM apnaayaa| nyAyadarzana ke pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa bhedoM kA anuyogadArasUtra upAyahRdaya Adi granthoM meM ullekha milatA hai| kintu svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM ke pratiSThita hone ke anantara pUrvavat Adi anumAna-traya ko jaina-bauddha granthoM meM prAyaH sthAna nahIM milaa| jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM meM anumAna-pramANa ke sambandha meM sabase adhika vivAda hetulakSya ko lekara hai| bauddha dArzanika hetu meM pakSadharmatva, samakSasattva evaM vipakSAsatva ina tIna rUpoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| jo hetu ina tIna rUpoM se yukta nahIM hotA use ve asad hetu athavA hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| dharmakIrti ne nyAyabindu meM trairupya kA pratipAdana avadhAraNArthaka evaM (hI) zabda kA prayoga karate hue isa prakAra kiyA hai - 'trairupyaM punarliMgasyAnumeye sattvameva, sapakSa evaM sattvam, asapakSe cAsattvameva nizcitam 00 arthAt (1) hetu kA anumeya artha meM honA hI nizcita ho (2) hetu kA sapakSa meM honA hI nizcita ho tathA (3) hetu kA asapakSa athava vipakSa meM nahIM honA hI nizcita ho| hetu ke ye tIna rUpa kramazaH asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika doSoM kA parihAra karate haiM, ataH verupya ko hI bauddhamata meM hetu kA lakSaNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai|69 jainadArzanikoM kI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA rahI hai ki hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa hai aura vaha hai -- usakA sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinaabhaav| ve trirUpatA ke abhAva meM bhI avinAbhAva ke bala para pUrvacara, uttaracara Adi hetuoM ko sadahetu ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiM tathA trairupya ke sadbhAva se yukta evaM avinAbhAva se rahita hetu ko hetvAbhAsa siddha karate haiN| yathA- garbhasva maitrIputra zyAmavarNa hai kyoMki vaha maitrI kA putra hai, usake anya putroM ke smaan| yahA~ maitrIputratva hetu garbhastha putra rUpa pakSa meM vidyamAna hai, maitrI ke anya putroM rupa sapakSa meM vidyamAna hai tathA vipakSa meM anya striyoM ke gauravarNa putroM meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| isa prakAra tIna spoM se yukta hone para bhI maitrIputratva hetu sAdhyAvinAbhAvitA ke abhAva ke kAraNa asada hetu hai| gautamAnuyAyI naiyAyika bhI ise aupAdhika sambandha ke kAraNa hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiN| ve sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kA svAbhAvika sambandha Avazyaka mAnate haiN| vahI jaina darzana meM avinAbhAva ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai|

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DaoN. dharma canda jaina bauddha bhI maitrIputratva hetu ko asada hetu mAnate haiN| ve liMga kA sAdhya meM svabhmava-pratibandha svIkAra karate haiN| yaha svabhAva-pratibandha hI jaina darzana meM avinAbhAva hai| bautroM ke rUpya-lakSaNa kA khaNDana karane vAle jaina dArzanikoM meM pAtrasvAmI athavA pAtrakesarI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unhoMne isake lie pRthak racanA 'vilakSaNakadarthana kA nirmANa kiyA jo samprati anupalabdha hai, kintu bauddha naiyAyika zAntarakSita ne sattvasaMgraha meM pAtrasvAmI ke nirasana ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhA hai| pAtrasvAmI kI eka kArikA trairupya-khaNDana ke lie sarvAdhika prasiddha hai jise samasta jainadArzanikoM ne apanAyA hai evaM bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ne bhI use uddhRta kiyA hai, vaha hai - anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ?12 isakA Azaya hai ki jisa hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapannatva ( avinAbhAva) hai vahA~ trirupatA kA koI prayojana nahIM hai tathA jisa hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai usameM bhI virUpatA kA pratipAdana nirarthaka hai| vastutaH jainadArzanikoM kA hetu meM trairupya ke sadbhAva se koI virodha nahIM hai, apitu trairupya ko hetu kA lakSaNa mAnane se virodha hai| ve virUpatA ko hetu kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hai kyoki usake abhAva meM bhI kRttikodaya Adi hetu mAtra avinAbhAvitva ke kAraNa zakaTodaya sAdhya kA jJAna karA dete haiN| isake lie jaina dArzanikoM ne kramabhAva evaM sahabhAva ke rUpa meM avinAbhAva ko do prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA haiN| 3 bauddhoM ne hetu ke tIna bheda pratipAdita kiye haiM -- 1. svabhAva 2. kArya evaM 3. anuplbdhi| 4 bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA prastuta hetu-bheda maulika hai kyoMki unhone svabhAva evaM anupalabdhi ko bhI hetu-bhedoM meM rakhA hai, jo unake pUrvavartI kisI bhI darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| mImAMsakoM dvArA pathaka pramANa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita abhAva kA jJAna bauddha dArzanika unupalabdhi hetu dvArA karake usakA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva kara lete haiN| svabhAva hetu bauddhadArzanikoM kA nayA pratipAdana hai, jise jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI apanAyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke hetu-bheda pratipAdana meM bauddhoM ke atirikta nyAya, vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzanoM kA bhI prabhAva rhaa| hetu-bhedoM ko lekara bauddhadarzanikoM se jaina dArzanikoM kA sthUla matabheda yaha hai ki bauddha dArzanika jahA~ svabhAva evaM kArya hetu ko vidhimAdhaka tathA anupalabdhi hetu ko niSedhasAdhaka ke pratipAdita karate haiM, vahA~ jaina dArzanika samasta hetuoM ko vidhi evaM niSedhasAdhaka rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| jainadArzanikoM ne bauddha mantavya ke viruddha kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM kA sthApana kiyA hai jo jaina dArzanikoM kI sAMvyavahArika dRSTi kA paricAyaka adhika hai, aura sAdhyAvinAbhAva rUpa hetu lakSaNa kI kaThora anupAlanA kA km| jaina hetu-lakSaNa ke anusAra hetu

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32 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1862 sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM rahatA hai jabaki kAraNa, kArya kI utpatti na hone taka usake abhAva meM bhI raha sakatA hai / pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM kA prayoga nizcita ghaTanAkrama meM upayogI hai kintu pUrNa tArkika dRSTi se unakI hetutA siddha nahIM hai / sahacara hetu bhI lokavyavahAra ke atirikta koI tArkika vaiziSTya nahIM rakhatA / hetu saMkhyA kI abhivRddhi kI ora unmukhatA hI jainadarzana meM naye hetuoM ko janma detI rahI / vyApti ke svarUpa ko lekara jaina dArzanikoM kA bauddhoM se koI matabheda nahIM hai / donoM darzanoM meM avinAbhAvaniyama ko vyApti svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM ise svabhAva - pratibandha ke rUpa meM bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 76 bauddha dArzanikoM ne vyApti kA nimitta - tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ko mAnA hai 77 kintu lokavyavahArAbhimukha jaina dArzanika ina donoM sambandhoM se vyApti kA honA svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jainadArzanikoM ne yogyatA sambandha se hI hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti pratipAdita kI hai 78 tathA use sahabhAvI evaM kramabhAvI avinAbhAva ke rUpa meM vibhakta kara usameM sAdhya ke gamaka samasta hetuoM ko samAhita kara liyA hai, jo jaina dArzanikoM kI vyApaka evaM laukika vyavahAra kI dRSTi ko spaSTa karatA hai / mm pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnane vAle bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM ne vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna ko upacAra se pramANa mAnA hai| 79 bauddha dArzanika prAyaH hetu evaM dRSTAnta ko parArthAnumAna kA avayava mAnate haiM kintu dharmakIrti ne vidvAnoM ke lie kevala eka hetu ko hI parArthAnumAna kA avayava svIkAra kiyA hai| 80 jaina dArzanikoM ne pratipAdya puruSa kI yogyatA ke anurUpa eka, do evaM pA~ca avayavoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 81 atyadhika vyutpanna purUSoM ke lie dharmakIrti kI bhAMti kevala hetu ko, sAmAnya vyutpanna puruSoM ke lie pratijJA evaM hetu ko tathA maMdamati puruSoM ke lie udAharaNa, upanaya evaM nigamana ko milAkara pA~ca avayava svIkAra kie gaye haiM / 82 jaina dArzanikoM ne pratijJA yA pakSavacana ko Avazyaka avayava mAnakara bauddhamata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| bauddhoM ke anusAra hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA anivArya mAnA gayA hai, isalie ve saMbhavataH pakSa kA pRthak kathana karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina dArzanika hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM isalie ve parArthAnumAna meM pakSa kA kathana karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| dRSTAnta ke pRthak kathana kI bauddha evaM jaina donoM AvazyakatA anubhava nahIM karate haiM / bauddhoM ne hetulakSaNa meM hI dRSTAnta kA samAveza kara liyA hai jabaki jaina dArzanika usakA hetulakSaNa meM samAveza nahIM karate hue bhI use pRthak avayava nahIM mAnate haiM / dRSTAnta ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM meM donoM darzanoM meM vaimatya nahIM hai / sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya bheda donoM darzanoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta haiN| jainadArzanikoM ne dRSTAntAbhAsa ke bhedoM meM dharmakIrti kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI yathAprasaMga bauddhamata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzanoM meM asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika ye tIna hetvAbhAsa mAnya haiN| jainadarzana meM akalaMka, maNikyanandI Adi ne akiMcitkara nAmaka caturtha hetvAbhAsa kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai / 183 bauddha dArzanika jahA~ trairUpya ke abhAva meM tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA pratipAdana

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t. dharma canda jaina - karate haiM vahA~ jaina dArzanikoM ne avinAbhAvalakSaNa se hI samasta hetvAbhAsoM ko phalita kara liyA hai| bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM hetvAbhAmoM kI puSTi meM die gae udAharaNa eka dUsare para AkSepa avazya karate haiN| hetvAbhAsoM ke uttarakAlIna nirupaNa meM nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika bhAsarvajJa kI kRti nyAyasAra kA bhI prabhAva hai| smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama-pramANa jainadArzanika parampaga meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kI pramANarUpa meM pratiSThA usakA bauddha pramANa-paramparA se spaSTa pArthakya dyotita karatI hai| bauddha dArzanika smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko ajJAtArthajJApaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa apramANa mAnate haiM tathA Agama kA apoha dvArA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva kara lete haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne smati Adi ko pramANa spa meM pratiSThita karane hetu apanI pUrI zakti lagAyI hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne smRti ko, asata ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa artha se anutpanna hone ke kAraNa, anavasthA doSa kI prasakti hone ke kAraNa evaM visaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| unakA maMtavya hai ki smati ko pramANa mAnane para icchA, dveSa Adi ko bhI pramANa jAnanA hogA kintu jainamatAnusAra icchA, dveSa Adi apramANa haiM kyoMki ve avisaMvAdaka evaM khAnAtmaka nahIM hai| jaina-darzana meM vahI smati pramANa haiM jo avisaMvAdaka haiM, vyavahAra meM upayogI hai tathA jisakA phala pratyabhijJAna haiN| jainadarzana meM smati pramANa kA sthApana karate hue jainadArzanika kahate haiM ki liMga evaM liMgI kI smRti ke binA anumAna pramANa pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| aisA koI dArzanika nahIM ho sakatA jo smRti kA prAmANya svIkAra kie binA liMga tarA liMgI kA jJAna kara ske| yaha avazya hai ki smati ke samaya pramAtA ke samakSa artha vidyamAna nahIM hotA evaM smRti pratyakSa dvArA jJAta artha meM vaiziSTya bhI nahI lAtI kintu smRti ko sva evaM artha kA prakAzaka hone se, arthakriyA meM pravartaka hone se, avisaMvAdaka vyavahAra kA kAraNa hone se sthA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna rUpa hone se pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| smRti ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita kara jainadArzanikoM ne 'prAmANyaM vyavahAgaddhi' kathana ko caritArtha kara diyA hai| vastutaH mArA samasta vyavahAra smRti para AdhArita hai| bhASA kA prayoga, lena-dena kA vyavahAra Adi hI smati ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI nahIM smRti ke abhAva meM koI vyakti kisI nizcita kArya ke lie nizcita samaya para pravRtta bhI nahIM ho sktaa| pratyabhijJAna ko bhI jaina dArzanika avisaMvAdaka, vAstavika artha kA grAhaka, sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka tathA bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva hone se pRthaka pramANa mAnate haiN|89 pratyabhijJAna dvArA na dArzanikoM ne ekatva, sAdRzya, vilakSaNatA evaM pratiyogitA ke jJAna kA prakAzana svIkAra jyA hai jo upamAna pramANa dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai| upamAna-pramANa se mAtra sAdRzya yA jA-saMjJi sambandha hI gRhIta hotA hai| pratyabhijJAna pratyakSa jaisA bhAsatA hai kintu pratyakSa se tyabhijJAna kA yaha antara hai ki pratyabhijJAna meM smRti nihita rahatI hai, jabaki pratyakSa meM smati aMza nahIM hotaa| .

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34 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 ma : tarka ko vyApti grAhaka mAnakara jaina dArzanikoM ne smRti evaM pratyabhijJAna kI bhAMti pRthaka pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| bauddha granthoM meM takki, vimaMsI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga avaza huA hai, kintu tarka kI pRthaka carcA nahIM kI gayI hai| nyAyadarzana meM tarka ko SoDaza padArthoM sthAna diyA gayA hai kintu jainadarzana meM pratiSThita tarka pramANa usase bhinna hai| jaina darzana meM taka ko vyApti kA avadhAraNAtmaka jJAna mAnA gayA hai| tarka ke dvArA jaina dArzanikoM ne traikAlika vyApti kA grahaNa svIkAra kiyA hai, jo unake cintana kI gahanatA ko spaSTa karatA hai nyAyadArzanikoM ne vyApti kA grahaNa sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka alaukika sannikarSa se kiyA hai, aura ne pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se kiyA hai, kintu jaina dArzanikoM dvArA isake lie tarka ko patra pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA jAnA vicAraNIya hai| nyAya-mImAMsA darzanoM kI bhAMti jainadarzana meM zabda yA Agama ko pRthaka pramANa mAna gayA hai| bauddha dArzanika zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM mAnate haiM,93 ataH ve apo ke dAga zabda kI vivakSA kA anumita honA svIkAra kara 4 zabda ko anumAnapramANa meM samAdhi kara lete haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhamata kA prabala khaNDana kiyA hai| ve zabda ke sAtha artha va saMketa sambandha svIkAra karate haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki jo zabda avisaMvAdaka rUpa se ve kA kathana karate haiM, ve pramANa haiN|97 bauddhamata kA khaNDana karate hue jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki vivakSA se anyatra bhI zabda kA prAmaNya hotA hai tathA vivakSA bhI zabda se vyabhicarita ho sakate hai| isalie vivakSA ke kAraNa zabda kA anumAna-pramANa meM antarbhAva karanA ucita nahIM hai| bauddha dArzanika zabda ko artha kA vAcaka nahIM mAnakara use anyApoha ke dvArA artha kA pratipAdaka mAnate haiN|100 jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda kA artha se yogyatA sambandha svIkAra kara apoha kA paryApta nirasana kiyA hai jisameM kumArila bhaTTa evaM vAcaspatimizra kA bhI prabhAva hai| MSRTMENT anta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzanoM meM pramANa-nirUpaNa unakI apanI tattvamImAMsA se prabhAvita hai| zramaNa paramparA kI dRSTi se eka hokara bhI ina darzanoM kI pramANa viSayaka avadhAraNAoM meM aneka maulika mata-bheda haiN| pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka pratipAdita karane, prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ko abhyAsa dazA meM svataH evaM anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH svIkAra karane, anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bheda mAnane Adi meM jaina aura bauddha dArzanika ekamata hai, ve pramANa-lakSaNa, pratyakSa-lakSaNa, anumAna-pramANa, hetulakSaNa, hetu-bheda, Agama-pramANa Adi ke sandarbha meM pArasparika matabheda bhI rakhate haiN| sampUrNa pramANa-vivecana meM jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi yA to Agama-sApekSa rahI hai sNvyvhaar-saapekss| sAMvyavahArika dRSTi ko apanA kara hI jaina dArzanika pramANa-mImAMsA vaicArika yuddha meM utara pAe haiN| smRti evaM pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa mAnanA evaM pratyakSa kI sAMvyavahArika rUpa prastuta karanA unakI saMvyavahAra-sApekSa dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| jJAna ke utpatti meM artha, Aloka Adi ko kAraNa nahIM mAnakara use jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya ke kSayopazama se prakaTa honA svIkAra karanA unakI Agama-sApekSa dRSTi ko spaSTa karatA hai| meM

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dharma canda jaina nikoM ne Agama evaM vyavahAra meM bhI pramANa-cintana ko sthAna diyA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM kI STi vyAvahArika kama evaM tArkika adhika rahI hai| ve 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa kA siddhAnta tipAdita karake bhI vijJAnavAda evaM kSaNikavAda kA anugamana karane ke kAraNa pUrNa vyAvahArika nahIM ho ske| unakA tarka evaM vyavahAra bhI paramArtha ke lie hai| - isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA meM pANDitya prApta kara unase kucha grahaNa bhI kiyA hai evaM unake mata kA kuzalatA pUrvaka nirasana bhI kiyA hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita evaM arcaTa bhI jaina pramANa-mImAMsA evaM tattvamImAMsA se prabhAvita hokara usakA nirasana karane ke lie tatpara hote haiN| vastutaH jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana zramaNa paramparA ke sandarbha meM eka hokara bhI pramANa-pratiSThA ke pariprekSya meM matabheda rakhate haiN|

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 36 saMdarbha 1. paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, dharmottrapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR. 37-38 2. (i) jJAnaM pramANaM, naajnyaanmindriyaarthsnnikrssaadi| - manorathanandI, pramANavArtikavatti, pa. 3 (ii) sannikarSAderajJAnasya prAmANyamanupapannam arthAntaravat-akalaMka, akalaMka-granthatrayam, 3. jinendrabuddhi, pramANasamuccayaTIkA, pramANasamuccaya, pR.11 4. dharmakIrti, pramANavAttika 1.7 5. dharmakIrti, pramANavAtika 1.3 6. abhiprAyAksiMvAdAdapi bhrAnteH prmaanntaa| - dharmakIti, pramANavAttika 2.56 7. arthakriyAsthiti : avisNvaadnm| - dharmakIti, pramANavArtika 1.3 8. dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR.10 9. dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR.10 - pravartakatvamapi pravRttiviSayapradarzakatvameva / 10. manorathanandI, pramANavAtikavRtti, pR.8, pramANavAttika 1.3 11. prajJAkaragupta, pramANavAttikabhASya, pR. 30.22 12. dharmakIti, nyAyabindu 1.20 13. viSayAdhigatizcAtra prmaannphlmissyte| svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vaa| - zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha, 1343 14. vyavasthApanaheturhi sArUpyaM tasya jJAnasya vyavasthApyaMca niilsNvednruupm| - dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR.88 15. arthagrahaNaM yogyatAlakSaNam - akalaMkagraMthatrayam, pR. 2.24 16. (i) svAvaraNakSayopazamalakSaNayogyatA hi pratiniyatamarthaM vyvsthaapyti| - mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha, 2.9 (ii) sarvaprakAza sAmarthya jnyaanaavgnnsNkssyaat| - nyAyavinizcaya kA. 359, akalaMka granthatrayam, pR.78 17. svapara vyavasAyi jJAnaM prmaannm| - vAdidevasari, pramANanayatatvAloka 1.2 18. vidyAnandi, aSTasahanI, pR.276.8 19. samyagjJAnaM prmaannm| - vidyAnandi, pramANaparIkSA, pa.1 20. tattvajJAnaM pramANam, samantabhadra, AptamImAMsA, 101 21. (i) pramANaM svaparAbhAsijJAnaM baadhvivrjitm| - siddhasena, nyAyAvatAra,1 (ii) svaparAvabhAsaM yathA pramANaM bhavi buddhilakSaNam / - samantabhadra, svayaMbhustotra, 63

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| DaoN. dharma canda jaina 37 22. prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyavacchedena bhIyate paricchidyate vastutattvaM yena tata pramANaM pramAyAM saadhktmm| - prabhAcandra, nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pR.48.10 evaM hemacandra, pramANamImAMsAvRtti 1.1.1 23. vidyAnandi, pramANaparIkSA, pR.5, aSTasahasrI, pR.276.7 -24. akalaMka, aSTazatI, aSTasahasrI, pR. 175 25. maNikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 1.1 26. prabhAcandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 1, pR.169-173 27. tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmajJAnaM maanmitiiytaa| lakSaNena gatArthatvAd vyarthamanyad vizeSaNam / / vidyAnandi, tattvArthazlokavAttika 1.10.78 28. grahISyamANagrahiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi naapraamaannym| - hemacandra pramANamImAMsA 1.1.4 29. akalaMka, tattvArthavAlika, pR. 56, 1.12 30. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnamAtmArtha grAhakaM mtm|| grahaNaM nirNayastena mukhyaM praamaannymshnute||, akalaMka, laghIyastraya, 60 31. Critique of Indian Realism, p. 471 32. avisaMvAdakaM pramANam - akalaMka, akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR.8.10 33. pramANAntarabAdhanaM pUrvAparA'virodhazcAvisaMvAdaH / - akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR. 14 34. avisaMvAdakatvaM ca nirNayAyattam tadabhAve'bhAvAt tadbhAve ca bhaavaat| - akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR. 20.25 35. akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR.8 diGnAga, pramANasamuccayavRtti 1.2, pR.4, evaM jinendrabuddhi, pramANasAmucyayaTIkA pramANasamuccaya, pR.6 sAmAnya vizeSAtmA tadartho viSayaH / - maNikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 4.1 38. diGnAga, pramANasamuccaya 1.3 39. dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 1.4 40. atha ke yaM kalpanA nAmajAtyAdiyojanA-diGnAga, prakaraNasamuccayavRti, 3 In "Dignag on Perception" by Massaki Hatlori 41. abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA pratItiH klpnaa| - dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 1.5 42. dharmakIti, pramANavAttika 2.297 43. dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR.47, sUtra 1.5 44. dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR. 48 sUtra 1.5 45. dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, pR.48, sUtra 1.5 46. mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, dvAdazAranayacakra (jambUvijaya dvArA saMpAdita) bhAga-1, pR.63 evaM pR. 70-78 17. tatrAnekArthajanyatvAt svArthe saamaanygocrm| - diGnAga, pramANasamuccaya, In "Dignaga on Perception".

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38 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 19 48. mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, dvAdazAranayacakra (jambUvijaya dvArA saMpAdita) bhAga-1, pR. 65 49. vidyAnandi, tatvArthazlokavAttika 1.12.8-9 evaM vRtti prabhAcandra, nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-1, pR. 48-51 Adi 50. akalaMka, laghIyastraya 23, akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR. 8, vidyAnandi, tattvArthazlokavAttika 1.12.13 Adi 51. (i) akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA, tameva prAptakSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM va pratiniyataM prtykssm| - pUjyapAda, savArthasiddhi 1.12, pR. 72 (ii) indriyAnindriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicArasAkAragrahaNaM prtykssm| akara, tattvArthavAttika, 1.12, pR.53 52. (i) tatra sAMvyavahArikam indryaanindriyprtykssm| - akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR.9 (ii) iMdiyamaNo bhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM / - jinabhadra, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 95 53. pAramArthika punstpttaavaatmmaatraapekssm| - vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatatvAloka 2.18 54. (i) pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnam - akalaMka, siddhivinizcaya, 1.19 (ii) vizadajJAnAtmakaM pratyakSam - vidyAnandi, pramANaparIkSA, pR. 37 (iii) vizadaM pratyakSam - maNikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 2.3 (iv) spaSTaM pratyakSam - vAdidevamUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 2.2 (v) vizadaH pratyakSam - hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.13 55. (i) anumAnAdyatirekeNa vishessprtibhaasnm| tadaizadhaM mataM buddhezvaizadAmataH prm|| laghIyastraya ( akalaMka) kA.4 (ii) anumAnAdyAdhikyena vizeSaprakAzanaM spsstttvm| - vAdidevasari, pramANanayatatvAloka 2.3 56. pratItyantarAvyavadhAnena vizeSavattayA vA pratibhAsanaM vaizadyam / maNikyanandI parIkSAmukha 2.4 57. pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA vaishdym| - hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.4 58. zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha 1264-1283 59. abhiprAyavisaMvAdAdapi bhrAnteH pramANatA -dharmakIrti, pramANavAtika 2.56 60. arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyavasthitam - dharmakIrti, pramANavAttika 2.58 maNipradIpaprabhayomaNibuyAbhidhAvatoH / mithyAjJAnAvizeSe'pi vizeSo'rthakriyAM prti|| yathA tathA'yathArthatve'pyanumAnatadAbhayoH / arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyvsthitm|| dharmakIrti, pramANavArtika 2.57-58 62. vidyAnandi, aSTasahasrI, pR. 277-78 63. trispaliMgato'rthadRk-diGnAga, pramANasamuccaya, uddhRta, dvAdazAranayakA (jambUvijayasaMpAdita) bhAga-1 pariziSTa, pR. 122 64. nispaliMgapUrvatvaM nanu saMvAdilakSaNam - zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha 1467, trispte| liMgAdanumeyArthadarzanam - zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha 1361

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DaoN. dharma canda jaina 65. yatastrirUpaliMgajaM yajjJAnaM tata pAramparyeNa vastuni pratibaddhama ato'visaMvAdaM prtykssvt| - kamalazIla, paMjikA, tattvasaMgraha, pR. 523 kA. 1467 66. vidyAnandi, aSTasahasrI, pR. 278 67. upAyahRdaya, pR. 13 (Pre Dignaga Buddinist texts on Logic from Chinese Sources ) (ii) se kiM taM aNumANe ? sa tivihe paNNate taMjahA - puvvavaM, sesavaM, diTTha-sAhammavaM / - anuyogadvArasUtra, anumaanprmaanndvaar| 86. dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 2.4 69. hetostriSvapi speSa nirNayastena varNitaH / asiddhaviparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH / / dharmakIrti, pramANavAlika 3.15 70. nizcitAnyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo hetuH / - vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 3.11 71. zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha 1363-1378 72. (i) zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha, 1368 (ii) akalaMka, nyAyavinizcaya, 2.154-55 (iii) vidyAnandi, pramANaparIkSA, pR. 49 (iv) vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 521 (v) hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA, pR.40 73. sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 3.12 ___74. trirUpANi ca trINyeva liNgaani| anupalabdhiH svabhAvaH kaaryceti| dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 2.10-11 75. draSTavya, mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 3.53-3.89 evaM vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 3.67-3.109 76. dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 2.19 77. tAdAtmyatadutpattibhyAmavinAbhAvo vyAptaH tyosttraavshyNbhaavaat| - arcaTa, hetubinduTIkA, pa.8 78. vidyAnandi, tattvArthazlokavatika, 1.13.144 79. (i) pakSahetuvacanAtmakaM praarthmnumaanmupcaaraat| - vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 3.23 (ii) kAraNe kAryopacArAt - dharmakIrti, nyAyabindu 3.2 30. viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevalaH / - dharmakIrti, pramANavAtika 3.27 31. prayogaparipATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH / - kumAranandI, uddhRta, pramANaparIkSA, pR. 72 32. vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 3.28 evaM 3.42 tathA syAdvAratnAkara, pR.548 33. akalaMka, nyAyavinizcaya 1.101-102 evaM mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 6.21 34. akalaMka, nyAyavinizcaya 2.202 35. diGnAga, uddhRta, tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, pR.539

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40 86. prabhAcandra, nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 2, pR. 407-408 87. akalaMka, pramANasaMgraha kA. 10 akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR. 99 88. vidyAnandi, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.13.9.27 89. akalaMkagranthatrayam, pR. 15.29 evaM vidyAnandi, pramANaparIkSA, pR. 43 90. mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 3.5 91. vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka 3. 7 evaM akalaMka nyAyavinizcaya 329.33 92. draSTavya, vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 514 93. (i) nAntarIyakatA bhAvAcchabdAnAM vastubhissaha / - dharmakIrti, pra. vA. 3. 213-214 (ii) na hi vAcyairvastubhiH saha kazcit tAdAtmyalakSaNaH tadutpatilakSaNo vA pratibandho vacasAmasti / - kamalazIla, paMjikA, tattvasaMgraha 1512, pR. 538 (i) te hi vaktrabhiprAyasUcakAH / dharmakIrti, pra. vA. 3.214 -- (ii) vacobhyo nikhilebhyo vivakSaiSAnumIyate / - zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha 1514 95. zAntarakSita, tattvasaMgraha, 1520 96. sahajayogyatAsaMketavazAddhi zabdAdayo vastupratipattihetavaH / 94. zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1983 100. 3.96 97. tasya hi vacamavisaMvAdi bhavati / - vAdidevasUri, pra. na. ta. 4.5 98. akalaMkAMthatrayam, pR. 9 99. (i) tatra svalakSaNaM tAvanna zabdaiH pratipAdyate / - zAntarakSita, tattva saMgraha, 871 (ii) vikalpayonayaH zabdAH vikalpAH zabdayonayaH / kAryakAraNatA teSAM nArthaM zabdAH spRzantyapi / / mANikyanandI parIkSAmukha diGnAga, uddhRta, Buddhist Logic vol.II (Stcherbaksky) p. 405f. N.1 svArthamanyApohena bhASate - diGnAga, uddhRta, tattvasaMgraha paMjikA, pR. 529 sahAyaka AcArya, saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya jodhapura (rAjasthAna)

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'kSetrajJa' zabda kA svIkArya prAcInatama ardhamAgadhI rUpa - DaoN. ke. Ara. candra isa viSaya kA eka saMzodhana lekha' pahale hI prakAzita ho cukA hai, nayI sAmagrI milane ke kAraNa punaH isa zabda ke prAcIna prAkRta rUpa para carcA kI jA rahI hai| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASitAni ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama graMtha mAne jAte haiN| unameM 'kSetrajJa' zabda ke prAkRta rUpoM kI kyA sthiti hai yaha isa adhyayana kA viSaya hai| prAcIna granthoM meM prAcIna prAkRta rUpa milatA hai yA nahIM, hastapratoM meM kauna-kauna se rupa milate haiM, paravartI prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA isa zabda ke prAkRta rUpa para kyA prabhAva par3A aura hastapratoM meM vividha prAkRta rUpoM kI upalabdhi ke kAraNa sampAdaka mahodaya ne jo jo rUpa apanAye ve bhASika dRSTi se upayukta haiM yA nahIM, ina sabakA yahA~ para vizleSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM yaha zabda 16 bAra milatA hai 8 bAra khettaNNa, 6 bAra khetaNNa aura 2 bAra kheyaNNa ke rUpa meM 1 - sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM yaha 2 bAra milatA hai 1 bAra khetaNNa aura 1 bAra kheyaNa ke rUpa meM | sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM yaha 10 bAra milatA hai 3 bAra kheyaNNa, 2 bAra khettaNNa, 2 bAra khetanna, 1 bAra khetaNNa, 1 bAra khelna aura 1 bAra kheyanna ke rUpa meN| ise tAlikA ke rUpa meM isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai : sUtrakRtAMga-1 AcArAMga - 1 khettaNNa ( 8 ) khetaNNa (6) kheyaNNa (2) 16 bAra khetaNNa ( 1 ) kheyaNNa (1) -- 2 bAra AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI hastapratoM meM isa zabda ke jo pAThAntara milate haiM ve pratavAra isa prakAra haiM : sUtrakRtAMga- II khettaNNa (2) khetaNNa (1) kheyaNa (3) khettanna (1) khetanna ( 2 ) khetanna ( 1 ) 10 bAra

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i. 0 khetaNNa lA. 0 khetaNNa khedaNNa laa| khettaNNa khetaNNa 0 kheyaNNa 0 kheyaNNa kheanna kheyanna kheyaNNa kheanna kheyanna (i) AcArAMga (ma.jai.vi.saMskaraNa) tADapatra kI prata zA. khaM. khe. jai. / he2 3 1. khettaNNa ___ khettaNNa 0 0 0 0 0 2. khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa 0 3. khedaNNa khedaNNa khedaNNa 0 0 khedaNNa khedaNNa khedaNNa 4. kheaNNa kheaNNa 5. kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa 0 kheyaNNa kheyaNNa 6. kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna kheanna 7. kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna eka jagaha pratyantara se 'khedanna pAThAntara diyA gayA hai| cUrNI meM 'khittaNNa pATha bhI milatA hai| dekhie - AcArAMga pRSTha 26 pA.Ti.naM. 8 aura pR. 39 pA. Ti. naM.10 (ii) sUtrakRtAMga (ma.jai.vi. saMskaraNa) tADapatra kI prata kAgaja kI prata khA khaM2 pA. puA pu2 lA. 1. khettanna 0 khettanni khettanna khettanna khettanna khettanna 2. khetanna khetanna khetanna khetanna khetanna khetanna 3. kheanna 00000 kheanna 4. kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna kheyanna 5. khettaNNa khettaNNa khettaNNa khettaNNa khettaNNa khettaNNa khettaNNa 6. khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa khetaNNa 7. kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa kheyaNNa

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DaoN. ke. Ara. candra ina tAlikAoM ke anusAra AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga donoM ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM paravartI spa milate haiM jaba ki sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM do prAcInatama rUpa 'khettanna aura 'khetanna bhI milate hai / pAThAntaroM ke rUpa meM AcArAMga kI upalabdha pratiyoM meM bhI purAnA rUpa nahIM milatA hai, jabaki sUtrakRtAMga ke pAThAntaroM meM 'khettanna aura khetanna' purAne rUpa milate haiN| AcArAMga kI pratiyoM meM khedanna 'khedaNNa do naye hI rUpa milate haiM jo sUtrakRtAMga kI pratiyoM meM nahIM milate haiN| tADapatra kI yA kAgaja kI hareka prata meM isa zabda ke lagabhaga sabhI prAcIna yA paravartI prAkRta rUpa milate haiN| prAcIna pratoM meM prAcIna rUpa hI milatA ho yA paravartI pratoM meM paravartI rUpa hI milatA ho aisA bhI nahIM hai| ataH ardhamAgadhI granthoM ke sampAdana ke samaya bhASika dRSTi se kisa prata ko Adarza mAnA jAya ? aisI avasthA meM sampAdaka ko apanI viveka buddhi kA upayoga karake prAkRta ke prAcIna rUpoM ko arthAt mUla ardhamAgadhI rUpoM ko svIkAra karanA anivArya bana jAtA hai| hamArI dRSTi se 'khettanna' aura 'khetanna' hI prAcIna rUpa hai ataH AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna graMthoM meM inheM hI svIkAra kiyA jAnA cAhie aura anya rupa pAThAntaroM meM rakhe jAne caahie| khettanna, khetanna, khedanna, khedaNNa, kheyaNNa, kheaNNa / khettaNNa aura khetaNNa bhI paravartI rUpa haiN| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki AcArAMga aura satrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdhoM jaise prAcInatama ardhamAgadhI aMzoM meM (arthAt unakI hastapratoM meM) 'kSetrajJa zabda kA prAcInatama prAkRta rUpa 'khettanna yA 'khetanna nahIM mila rahA hai jabaki ye donoM rupa sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha (jo paravartI racanA mAnI gayI hai) kI tADapatra aura kAgaja donoM prakAra kI pratiyoM meM mila rahA hai| isase bhI adhika Azcarya yaha hai ki prAcIna rUpa milate hue bhI mudrita granthoM meM kisI bhI saMpAdaka zrI ne use sarvatra svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai aura 'kheyaNNa jaisA ati paravartI rUpa bhI svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai|

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 sandarbha-grantha 1. isa sambandha meM dekhie merA lekha : kSetrajJa zabda ke vividha prAkRta rUpoM kI kathA aura usakA ardhamAgadhI rUpAntara : zramaNa, vArANasI, akTUbara-disambara, 1990 / 2. AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha aura RSibhASitAni meM isa zabda kA prayoga nahIM milA hai| 3. dekhie--- AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha (ma.jai. vi.saMskaraNa), sUtra 32, 79, 88, 104, 109, 132, 176, 209, 210 aura pAdaTippaNoM ke pAThAntara, sUtrakRtAMga ( ma.ja.vi.saMskaraNa), sUtra-1. 354, 619 tathA II. 639 se 643 aura 680 aura pAdaTippaNoM ke paatthaantr| 4. merI pustaka-- "prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM" (1991-1992 ) meM chape kSetrajJa zabda kA ardhamAgadhI rUpa' nAmaka lekha bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| 5. kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se 'kSetrajJa ke vividha prAkRta rUpoM ko isa krama meM rakhA jA sakatA 6. dekhie-- ma.ja.vi., Agamodaya, jaina vizvabhAratI aura zubriga mahodaya ke AcArAMga ke sNskrnn|

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aSTapAhuDa kI prAcIna TIkAe~ __ - DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja' pAhuDa-grantha AcArya kundakunda kI pramukha racanAyeM hai| daMsaNa, sutta, cAritra, boha, bhAva, mokkha, liMga aura sIla ina ATha pAhuDoM ko 'aSTaprAbhRta tathA Adi ke chaha pAhuDoM ko 'SaTprAbhRta' nAma diyA gyaa| inhIM nAmoM se ye prakAzita hue haiN| ___ aSTapAhuDa ke aba taka prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke sampAdana meM prAcIna pANDulipiyoM kA upayoga prAyaH nagaNya huA hai| isalie prAyaH pratyeka saMskaraNa ke mUla prAkRta pATha meM bhinnatA hai| pATha-bhinnatA ke kAraNa aSTapAhuDa ke viziSTa adhyayana meM kAphI asuvidhAe~ huIM haiN| inhIM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga kI risarca ezosieTa yojanA ke antargata sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga meM maiMne aSTapAhuDa ke sampAdana kA kArya Arambha kiyA hai| abhI taka ke anusandhAna se mujhe aSTapAhuDa kI 268 pANDulipiyoM kI jAnakArI milI hai| deza-videza ke vibhinna zAstrabhaMDAroM meM aSTapAhuDa kI darzanaprAbhRta (daMsaNapAhuDa), cAritraprAbhRta, bhAvaprAbhRta, bhAvanAprAbhRta (bhAvapAhuDa), mokSaprAbhRta (mokkhapAhuDa), liMgapAhuDa, sIlapAhuDa, SaTprAbhRta (SaDapAhuDa) aSTaprAbhRta Adi nAmoM se pANDulipiyA~ surakSita haiN| AcArya amRtacanda kundakunda kRta granthoM ke Adya evaM pramukha TIkAkAra haiN| dUsare pramukha TIkAkAra AcArya jayasena haiN| ukta donoM AcAryoM kI samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya para TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| kintu kundakunda kI niyamasAra aura aSTapAhUDa jaisI mahattvapUrNa racanAoM para ina AcAryoM kI TIkAe~ prApta na honA vicAraNIya hai|| SaTpAhuDa para zrutasAgara sUri kI saMskRta TIkA tathA aSTapAhuDa para paNDita jayacanda chAvar3A kI DhUMDhArI bhASAvacanikA ye do TIkAe~ prakAzita huI haiN| anusaMdhAna ke krama meM vibhinna zAstrabhaNDAroM, prakAzita-aprakAzita granthasUciyoM Adi ke sarvekSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki aSTapAhuDa para kannaDa, saMskRta, dUMDhArI, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM vibhinna AcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM ne aneka TIkAe~ tathA padyAnuvAda kie haiN| aba taka prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra pAhuDoM para tIna prAkRta TIkAe~, cAra hindI-DhUMDhArI TIkAe~ aura padyAnuvAda kie gaye haiN| kannaDa TIkAe~ bAlacanda, kanakacanda aura eka ajJAta TIkAkAra kI hai| saMskRta TIkAe~ prabhAcandra mahApaNDita, prabhAcandra, zrutasAgarasUri aura eka ajJAta vidvAna kI haiN| dUMDhArI-hindI TIkAe~ aura padyAnuvAda bhUdhara, devIsiMha chAvar3A, paM. jayacanda chAvar3A aura eka ajJAta racayitA dvArA kiye jAne ke ullekha hai|

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GA zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 16 ___ DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina kI sUcanA ke anusAra 13vIM zatAbdI meM bAlacanda ne mokSapAhuDa para kannaDa TIkA likhI hai| isake atirikta inhoneM AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya aura niyamasAra para kannaDa TIkAe~ likhIM haiN| tatvArthasUtra, dravyasaMgraha aura paramAtmaprakAza para bhI inake dvArA kannaDaTIkAe~ race jAne kI sUcanAe~ prApta haiN| mokSapAhuDa para bAlacandra-kRta kannaDa TIkA kI eka tADapatrIya pANDulipi ke jainamaTha mUDavidrI meM upalabdha hone kI sUcanA hai| isakI patra saMkhyA 12 va granthAMka 758 hai| mokSapAhuDa para hI 13vIM zatAbdI meM kanakacanda ne kannaDa TIkA likhI hai| inake viSaya meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| ArA ke jaina siddhAnta bhavana meM pAhuDoM kI kannaDa bhASA meM tIna tADapatrIya pANDulipiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| do mokSapAhuDa evaM eka SaTprAbhRta nAma se hai| mokSaprAbhUta ke patra 17 aura 18 tathA granthAMka 1028 aura 1029 haiN| SaTaprAbhata ke patra 40 tathA granthAMka 1357 haiN| 1028 naM. kI pANDulipi mokSaprAbhUta kI hai| isakI lipi kannaDa hai| isameM mUla prAkRta-gAthAoM kI saMkSipta TIkA bhI hai| TIkA kI bhASA kannaDa hai| prati jIrNa hai| patra TUTa rahe haiN| isakA parIkSaNa kara liyA gayA hai| SaDapAhuDa para eka anya TIkA kI sUcanA hameM bhaTTAraka yazaH kIrti sarasvatI bhaNDAra, RSabhadeva ke prakAzita sUcIpatra se prApta huii| isa sUcI meM SaTpAhuDa kI do pANDulipiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| eka prati ke vivaraNa meM TIkAkAra ke kaoNlama meM "TI devI" tathA bhASA ke kaoNlama meM "prAkRta TI" likhA hai| TI devI ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai| sambhava hai pANDulipi meM kucha vivaraNa surakSita ho| prabhAcandra mahApaNDita ne aSTapAhuDa kI 'paMjikA nAma se saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne inakA samaya samvat 1010-1060 sUcita kiyA hai| inhone inheM "prabhAcandra mahApaNDita oNpha dhArA" likhA hai| isa sUcanA ke anusAra prabhAcandra mahApaNDita ne pravacanasAra para "pravacanasAra saroja bhAskara", paMcAstikAya para 'paMcAstikAya pradIpa aura samayasAra tathA mUlAcAra para bhI TIkAe~ likhIM haiN| aSTapAhuDa para eka saMskRta TIkA prabhAcandra mahApaNDita se bhinna prabhAcandra ne kI hai| inakA samaya 1270 se 1320 I. hai| inhoMne samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya para bhI TIkAe~ racI haiN| vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya zrutasAgara sUri ne aSTapAhuDa ke dasaNa, sutta, caritta, boha, bhAva aura mokkhapAhuDa para padakhaNDAnvayI saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| yaha TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| zrutasAgara sari ne kula 38 racanAe~ kI haiN| ye TIkAgrantha, kathAgrantha, vyAkaraNa aura kAvyagrantha haiN| SaTpAhuDa para eka anya saMkSipta saMskRta TIkA prApta huI hai| isase mAtra gAthArtha spaSTa hotA hai| isa TIkA kI aneka pANDulipiyA~ bhArata aura videzoM meM bhI maujUda haiN| isakI 20 pANDulipiyoM kI jAnakArI hai| ye pratiyA~ jayapura, mahAvIrajI, ahamadAbAda, IDara, byAvara, cA~dakheDI, bambaI, indaura, sAgara aura sTrAsavarga (jarmanI) ke zAstrabhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiN| inameM

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DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja 47 se ahamadAbAda, IDara, indaura aura sAgara kI cAra pANDulipiyoM kI jirAksa pratiyAM prApta kara lI haiN| isa TIkA kA racayitA ajJAta hai| SaTpAhuDa kI eka TabbA TIkA bhUdhara ne likhI hai| isakI eka pANDulipi jayapura ke digambara jaina maMdira TholiyAna ke zAstrabhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hone kI sUcanA hai| isake patra 62, veSTana saMkhyA 244 hai| yaha prati saMvata 1751 kI hai| isa pANDulipi ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha TabbA TIkA bhUdhara ne pratApasiMha ke lie banAI thii| samvata 1801 meM SaTpAhuDa kA hindI padyAnuvAda devIsiMha chAbar3A ne kiyA hai| isa anuvAda kI tIna pANDulipiyA~ jJAta haiN| ina tInoM ke alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM vidyamAna hone kI sUcanA hai| eka digambara jaina maMdira AdinAtha, bUMdI10, eka pArzvanAtha digambara jaina maMdira, indrgddh'| aura eka saMbhavanAtha digambara jaina maMdira, udayapura12 ke zAstrabhaNDAra meN| AdinAtha maMdira, baMdI kI prati saMvat 1850 kI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki devIsiMha chAbar3A ne SaTpAhuDa kA hindI padyAnuvAda aSTapAhuDa kI DhUMDhArI bhASA vacAnikA (paM. jayacanda chAvar3A saMvat 1867 ) se pUrva kiyA hai| samvat 1820-1886 ke vidvAn paM. jayacanda chAvar3A ne saMvat 186713 meM aSTapAhuDa para DhUMDhArI bhASA meM vanikA TIkA likhii| prAkRta-saMskRta meM logoM kI dakSatA prAyaH samApta ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha TIkA bahuta prasiddha huii| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa TIkA yukta aSTapAhuDa kI pANDulipiyA~ gA~voM-gA~voM meM aba bhI saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiN| yaha TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| paM. jayacanda chAvar3A ne samayasAra, svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA, dravyasaMgraha, parIkSAmukha, AptamImAMsA, patraparIkSA, sarvArthasiddhi, jJAnArNava Adi aneka granthoM para DhUMDhArI bhASA vacanikA likhI haiN|5| SaTapAhuDa para saM. 1789 se pUrva bhI eka hindI TIkA likhI gayI hai| isa TIkA kI 3 pANDulipiyA~ jJAta haiN| 2 pratiyA~ digambara jaina maMdira abhinandana svAmI, bUMdI aura eka prati digambara jaina maMdira nAgadI, bUMdI meM surakSita hai| abhinandana svAmI maMdira kI veSTana saMkhyA 144 kI prati saMvat 1789 meM likhI gyii| yaha pANDulipi jatI gaMgArAmajI ne savAI jayasiMha ke rAjya meM mANapura grAma meM likhii| isa TIkA kA lekhaka ajJAta hai| isa taraha aba taka ke anusaMdhAna se aSTapAhuDa evaM SaTpAhuDa kI gyAraha TIkAoM kI jAnakArI prApta huI hai| ye TIkAe~ kannaDa, saMskRta, DhUMDhArI aura hindI bhASA meM kI gaI haiN| uparyukta gyAraha TIkAoM meM se zruta sAgarasUri-kRta saMskRta tathA jayacanda chAvar3A-kRta DhUMDhArI bhASA vacanikA TIkA hI mudrita huI haiN| vijJa pAThakoM se anurodha hai ki aSTapAhuDa kI TIkAoM tathA TIkAkAroM aura prAcIna pANDulipiyoM ke viSaya meM yadi koI jAnakArI ho to mujhe deN|

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48 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 67 7. 8. sandarbha jaina Ayarsa eNDa deara varksa, jainA eNTIkverI, bhAga 37, ne. 2, pR. 14 evaM DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye | paramAtmaprakAza-prastAvanA zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1862 vahI / kannaDa prAntIya tADapatrIya granthasUcI, pR. 17 / katipaya (di. ) jaina saMskRta prAkRta granthoM para prAcIna kannaDa TIkAe~ - paM. ke bhujabalI zAstrI, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 2, kiraNa 3 disambara 1935, pR. 1121 jainA Atharsa eNDa deara varksa - DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, jainA eNTIkverI, bhAga 37, naM. 2, pR. 141 hastalikhita zAstroM kA paricaya, pR. 18, prakAzaka paM. rAmacandra jaina, TrasTamaMtrI, RSabhadeva / jaina Atharsa eNDa deara varksa - jainA eNTIkverI, bhAga 33, naM. 2, pR. 11 / vahI, bhAga 34, naM. 2, pRSTha 491 SaTprAbhRtAdisaMgrahaH, maNikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vI. ni. saM. 2447 | aSTapAhuDa, zAntivIra digambara jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, vI. ni. saM. 2494 / rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, bhAga 3, pR. 1941 9. 10. AcArya kundakunda : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura, pR. 157 / 11. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI, bhAga 5, pR. 2191 12. vahI / 13. saMvatsara daza ATha sata satasaThi vikramarAya / mAsa bhAdrapada zukla tithi terasi pUrana thAya / / * aSTapAhuDa (pANDulipi), patra - 206, AcArya mahAvIrakIrti sarasvatI bhavana, rAjagira / 14. aSTapAhuDa, muni anantakIrtigranthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vI. saM. 2450 1 15. jainendra siddhAntakoza bhAga - 2, pR. 323 / 16. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstrabhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, bhAga 5, pR. 219 1 risarca esosieTa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI /

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pUrNimAgaccha - pradhAnazAkhA aparanAma DhaMDheriyAzAkhA kA saMkSipta itihAsa - zivaprasAda candrakala ke AcArya jayasiMhasari ke ziSya AcArya candraprabhasari dvArA vi.saM. 1149/I. san 1093 athavA vi.saM. 1159/I. san 1103 meM pravartita pUrNimAgaccha kI kaI avAntara zAkhAyeM samaya-samaya para astitva meM AyIM, yathA pradhAnazAkhA yA DhaMderiyAzAkhA, kaccholIvAlazAkhA, bhImapallIyAzAkhA, sArdhapUrNimAzAkhA, bhRgukacchIyAzAkhA, vaTapadrIyAzAkhA aadi| ina zAkhAoM meM pradhAnazAkhA yA DhaMDheriyAzAkhA sabase prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| AcArya candraprabhasari ke praziSya samudraghoSasUri ke dvitIya ziSya suraprabhasUri isa zAkhA ke prathama AcArya mAne gaye haiN| isa zAkhA meM AcArya jayasiMhasUri, jayaprabhasUri, bhuvanaprabhasUri, yazastilakasUri, kamalaprabhasUri, puNyaprabhasUri, mahimAprabhasUri, lalitaprabhasUri Adi kaI prakhara vidvAn AcArya ho pUrNimAgaccha kI pradhAnazAkhA ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye isa zAkhA ke munijanoM dvArA racI gayI kRtiyoM kI prazastiyAM tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM dUsaroM se likhavAyI gayI athavA svayaM unake darA kI gayI pratilipiyoM kI prazastiyAM, paTTAvalI, pratimAlekha Adi upalabdha haiN| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie yahAM sarvaprathama grantha evaM pustaka prazastiyoM tatpazcAt paTTAvalI aura anta meM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pUrNimAgaccha kI isa zAkhA se sambaddha lagabhaga 57 granthaprazastiyAM aura pustakaprazastiyAM yA pratilekhanaprazastiyAM milatI haiM, jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :

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kramAMka saMvata tithi/miti pratilipikAra saMdarbhagranya 50 grantha kA nAma mUla prshsti| pratilekhana prazasti kirAtArjunIya-avacUri mUla prazasti prazastigata aacaary| muni kA nAma jayaprabhasUri ___1520 jaya caitrasudi 5 somavAra pratilekhanaprazasti jayaprabhasUri 8 1521 pratilekhanaprazasti Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Mss Muniraja Shree Punya Vijayaji's Collection Ed. by A.P. Shah, Ahmedabad-1963-68 A.D. vahI, kramAMka 6033 pR. 388 vahI, kramAMka 726, pR.63 vahI, kramAMka 3396 pR. 193 vahI, kramAMka 152 pR. 13 FiPrivatei. Personal use only 1520 mAgha sadi 5 kriyAkalApa guruvAra mArgazIrSa vadi 4 nandIsUtra ravivAra 1523 ___kAttika sudi 2 praznottararatnamAlA zukravAra 1527 caitra sudi 7 zabdapadArthIsUtravRtti guruvAra jayaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya pUrNakalaza jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya jayaprabhasari jayaprabhasUri jayaprabhasUri pratilekhanaprazasti jayaprabhasUri pratilekhanaprazasti jayaprabhasUri 6. 1529 pratilekhanaprazasti jayaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya yazastilakamuni jayaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya yazastilakamuni jayaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya jayameru jayaprabhasUri phAlguna sudi 1 nyAyapravezavRtti zukravAra vahI, kramAMka 190 pR. 16 1551 karpUraprakaraNa pratilekhanaprazasti jayaprabhasUri Azvina zukla pratipadA budhavAra vahI, kramAMka 3805 pR. 220 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 188 //

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1553 pAkSikasUtraavadhAra prAtalakhanaprazAsta catra sAda8 ravivAra pR. 78 ziva prasAda 1555 snAtrapaMcAzikA pratilekhanaprazasti catuHzaraNaavacUri pAkSikasUtraavacUri pratilekhanaprazasti pratilekhanaprazasti 1555 ___bhAdrapada sudi 9 1555 __ mArgazIrSa vadi 4 ravivAra 12. 1565 bhAdrapada vadi 4 ravivAra zrAvaNa pratipadA prajJApanAsUtra bhagavatIsUtravRtti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhanaprazasti 1566 pratikramaNasUtravRtti kArtika vadi 4 budhavAra jyeSTha vadi 9 muvanaprabhasAra eva unaka vahA, kramAka 950 ziSya kamalasaMyama tathA vIrakalaza bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM unake vIrakalaza vahI, kramAMka 2278 ziSya vIrakalaza pR. 110 jayaprabhasUri jayaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 464,pR. 43 bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM unake muniratnameru vahI, kramAMka 951 ziSya muni ratnameru pR. 78 bhuvanaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 388 pR.35 bhuvanaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 266 pR. 25 bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM unake muni rAjasundara vahI, kramAMka 800 ziSya muni rAjasundara pR. 71 bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM unake rAjamANikya vahI, kramAMka 4877 ziSya kamalaprabhasUri pR. 307 evaM unake ziSya rAjamANikya jayaprabhasUri ke ziSya muniralameru vahI, kramAMka 4748 bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM pR. 272 unake ziSya muniratnameru kamalaprabhasUri evaM unake rAjamANikya pUrvokta, kramAMka 3891 ziSya rAjamANikya pR. 224 jayasiMhasUri evaM unake yazastilakasari vahI, kramAMka 144 ziSya yazastilakasUri pR. 12 1574 vatsakumArakathA pratilekhanaprazasti 1574 AdinAthamahAkAvya pratilekhanaprazasti caitra sudi 13 budhavAra 1575 kRtakarmanupacAritra pratilekhanaprazasti jyeSTha vadi 4 guruvAra tithivihIna 1588 pramANamaMjarI pani pratilekhanaprazasti

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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 1590 1596 1599 1599 1605 1608 1609 1611 1624 1650 vaizAkha sudi 5 zukravAra pauSa vadi 5 tithivihIna kArtika sudi 6 zanivAra bhAdrapada vadi 5 zukravAra vaizAkha sudi 13 zukravAra caitra sudi 5 pauSa sudi 9 maMgalavAra caitra sudi 5 zanivAra kArtika sudi 5 pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhanaprazasti saMgItopaniSatasAroddhAra pratilekhanaprazasti dazavaikAlikavRtti dazavekAlika avacUri aupapAtikasUtra AcArAMgadIpikA yatidinacaryA prajJApanAvRtti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti jinastavana avacUri pratilekhanaprazasti triSaSTizalAkApuruSa- pratilekhanaprazasti carita evaM pariziSTaparva tattvacintAmaNi pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti kamalaprabhasUri evaM unake paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUra puNyaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya bhImA puNyaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya bhImA kamalaprabhasUri evaM unake paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUra bhuvanaprabhasUri evaM unake paTTadhara kamalaprabhasUri evaM unake paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUri kamalaprabhasUri evaM unake paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUra bhuvanaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara kamalaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUri puNyaprabhasUra bhuvanaprabhasUri ke ziSya puNyaprabhasUra ke paTTadhara vidyAprabhasUri vidyAprabhasUri ke ziSya lalitaprabhasUri bhImA bhImA vahI, kramAMka 1035 pR. 84 vahI, kramAMka 1084 pR. 87 vahI, kramAMka 6365 pR. 417-418 vahI, kramAMka 351 pR. 32 vahI, kramAMka 206 pR. 18 vahI, kramAMka 2800 pR. 140 vahI, kramAMka 396 pR. 36 vahI, kramAMka 1193 pR. 90 vahI, kramAMka 3783 pR. 216.217 vahI, kramAMka 95 pR. 10 52 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1882

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lalitaprabhasUri 1654 ASAr3ha suAda 13 pacavastukavRtti zukravAra __ ASADha sudi 13 kalpasUtrAntarvAcya .. ziva prasAda 1675 lalitaprabhasUri guruvAra pratilekhana kA dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhanaprazasti vahI, kramAMka 2362 pR. 121 vahI, kramAMka 691 pR. 59 vahI, kramAMka 700 pR. 61 vahI, kramAMka 280 1677 lalitaprabhasUri vAcaka guNajI Azvina vadi 3 kalpAntaravAcya budhavAra Tippanaka ...vadi 10 bhagavatIbIjaka 1698 munihemarAja lalitaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara vinayasari ke paTTadhara munihemarAja vinayaprabhasUri pR. 27 1701 zabdazobhA pratilekhanaprazasti 1714 vinayaprabhasUri Azvina 10 maMgalavAra jyeSTha vadi 13 zukravAra Azvina vadi 3 maMgalavAra caitra 14 maMgalavAra tithivihIna uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI saMskRta chAyA aupapAtikastavana 1722 pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti pratilekhanaprazasti vinayaprabhasUri ke ziSya munikIrtiratna vinayaprabhasUri vinayaprabhasUri 1737 mahimAprabhasUri mahimAprabhasUri nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI laghucintAmaNi varaDAkSetrapAlastotra- vahI, kramAMka 5951 pR. 374-75 vahI, kramAMka 998 pR. 81 pUrvokta, kramAMka 360 pR. 33 vahI, kramAMka 108 pR. 10-11 vahI, kramAkaM 4343 pR.265 vahI, kramAMka 3473 pR. 200 vahI, kramAMka 2488 pR. 125-26 1750 mUlaprazasti avacUri 1761 tattvArthasUtrabAlAvabodha pratilekhanaprazasti muni sahajaratna galavAra Azvina vadi 2 maMgalavAra mAgha sudi 13 maMgalavAra mahimAprabhasUri paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri mahimAprabhasUri ke ziSya muni sahajaratna mahimAprabhasUri ke ziSya bhAvaratnasUri 1762 jJAnasAraaSTaka- bAlAvabodha pratilekhanaprazasti bhAvaratnasUri 87

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40. 1762 zrAvaNa sudi 11 vItarAgakalpalatA pratilekhanaprazasti vahI. kramAMka 2533 pR. 129-130 1764 saMgrahaNIprakaraNa pratilekha naprazasti 1767 tithivihIna zabdaratnAkara pratilekhanaprazasti 1772 mArgazIrSa vadi 9 aMcalamatadalana- pratilekhanaprazasti bAlAvabodha kAttika sudi 5 siddhAntakaumudI pratilekhanaprazasti maMgalavAra mArgazIrSa zukla zrIpAlacaritra pratilekhana kI caturdazI dAtA prazasti ASTAhikAdhurAkhyAna mUlaprazasti [gadyA puNyaprabhasUri ke ziSya vidyAprabhasUri ke ziSya lalitaprabhasUri ke ziSya vinayaprabhasUri ke ziSya mahimAprabhasUri mahimAprabhasUri ke bhAvaratnasUri paTTadhara bhAvaratnasari vinayaprabhasUri ke ____bhAvaratnasUri paTTadhara bhAvaratnasUri mahimAprabhasUri ke munilAla ziSya munilAla mahimAprabhasUri ke ziSya bhAvaprabhasUri mahimAprabhasUri ke ziSya bhAvaprabhasUri bhAvaprabhasUri vinayaprabhasUri ke bhAvaprabhasUri paTTadhara mahimAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri vidyAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri lalitaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara vinayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara mahimAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri bhAvaprabhasUri bhAvaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 3077 pR. 169 vahI, kramAMka 6214 pR. 403-404 vahI, kramAMka 3247 pR. 178-179 vahI,kramAMka 5812 pR. 369 vahI, kramAMka 4206 pR. 239 vahI, kramAMka 2333 pR. 117 1781 6. 1781 47. 1782 jyeSTha zukla 5 phAlgunacAturmAsI- mUlaprazasti vahI, kramAMka 2326 pR. 112 vyAkhyAna zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 48. 1790 mAgha vadi 13 budhavAra dvAdazavatoccAravidhi pratilekhanaprazasti vahI, kramAMka 2424 pR. 121

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1790 mAgha suAda ..? naSadhamahAkAvya pratilekhanaprazasti sAraka ziva prasAda 1791 jinadharmavarastava mUla prazasti mahimAprabha paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri bhAvaprabhasUri evaM unake gurubhrAtA munilAla bhAvaprabhasUri evaM unake ziSya bhAvaratna bhAvaprabhasUri bhAdrapada vadi 8 somavAra pauSa vadi 2 zanivAra mAgha sudi 7 1792 kalpasUtraantaravAcya mUla prazasti 52. 1793 pratimAzatakalaghuvRtti mUla prazasti guruvAra bhAvaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 4779 pR. 278-79 munilAla vahI, kramAMka 1511 pR. 96 bhAvaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 662 pR. 54 pUrvokta, kramAMka 3263 pR. 180-181 bhAvaratnasUri vahI, kramAMka 6009 pR. 387 vahI, kramAMka 1759 pR. 100 bhAvaprabhasUri vahI, kramAMka 5196 pR. 337-338 53. 1795 tithivihIna dhAtupAThavivaraNa pratilekhanaprazasti bhAvaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaratnasUri bhAvaprabhasUri 54. 1795 bhAdrapada vadi 13 mahAvIrastotravRtti mUla prazasti guruvAra 1798 tithivihIna mudritakumudacandra pratilekhanaprazasti mahimAprabhasUri ke padadhara bhAvaprabhasUri 55

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56 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 prazastiyoM kI ukta tAlikA meM ullikhita munijanoM ke pUrvApara sambandhoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :1. jayasiMhasUri ke paTTadhara jayaprabhasUri 2. jayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara yazastilakasUri, bhuvanaprabhasUri aura jayamerusUri 3. bhuvanaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara kamalaprabhasUri, muni rAjasundarasUri, muniratnamerusUri, kamalasaMyamasari aura vIrakalazasari kamalaprabhamUri ke paTTadhara rAjamANikya aura puNyaprabhasUri 5. puNyaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara vidyAprabhasari vidyAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara lalitaprabhasUri 7. lalitaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara vinayaprabhasari 8. vinayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara kIrtiratnasUri, muni hemarAjasUri aura mahimAprabhasUri 9. mahimAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaprabhasUri, bhAvaratnasari aura munilAla 10. bhAvaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara bhAvaratnasUri aura jyotiratnasUri ukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para ina munijanoM ke guru-ziSya paramparA kI eka tAlikA athavA vidyA vaMzavRkSa taiyAra hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai --

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prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pUrNimAgaccha / pradhAnazAkhA ! ke munijanoM kA vaMzavRkSa jayasiMhasUri jayaprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1520-15513 prazasti yazastilakasari [vi.saM.1527-1529 ] prazasti bhuvanaprabhasUri jayamerusari [vi.saM. 1565-1566 ] prazasti [vi.saM. 1551] prazasti kamalaprabhasUri munirAjasundarasUri [vi.saM. 1566 ] prazasti muniratnamerusUri [vi.saM. 1574 meM AdinAthamahAkAvya ke pratilipikAra] kamalasaMyamasUri [vi.saM.1553 meM inake sAnidhya meM pAkSikasUtraavacUri kI pratilipi kI gyii| munivIrakalaza [vi.saM.1555 meM snAtrapaMcAzikA ke pratilipikAra] rAjamANikyasari puNyaprabhasUri [vi. saM. 1590-16111 dAtAprazasti [vi.saM. 1574 meM vairakumArakathA ke pratilipikartA vidyAprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1624] pratilekhanaprazasti

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lalitaprabhasari / vi.saM. 1650-16771 dAtAprazasti vinayaprabhasUri vi.saM. 1714-17221 pratilekhanaprazasti munihemarAjasUri mahimAprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1736] pratilekhanaprazasti (vi.saM. 1698] pratilekhanaprazasti kIrtiratnasUri [vi.saM. 1714 meM pratilipita uttarAdhyavanasUtra kI dAtAprazasti meM ullikhita sahajaratnasUri bhAvaprabhasUri [vi.saM. 1761 ] pratilipiprazasti [vi.saM.1781-17931 bhAvaratnasUri [vi.saM. 1762-1792] munilAla [vi.saM.1767-17911 jyotiratnasUri

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zivaprasAda 59 zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne pUrNimAgaccha aura usakI kucha zAkhAoM kI paTTAvalI dI hai| inameM pUrNimAgaccha kI pradhAnazAkhA aparanAma DhaMDheriyAzAkhA kI bhI eka paTTAvalI hai', jisameM ullikhita isa zAkhA kI guru-paramparA isa prakAra hai : candraprabhasUri / pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka] dharmaghoSasUri samudraghoSasUri suraprabhasUri [ pUrNimApakSIya pradhAnazAkhA ke pravartaka] jinezvarasUri bhadraprabhasUri puruSottamasUri devatilakasUri ratnaprabhasUri tilakaprabhasUri lalitaprabhasUri hariprabhasUri jayasiMhasUri jayaprabhasUri bhuvanaprabhasUri kamalaprabhasUri

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60 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 puNyaprabhasUri vidyAprabhasUri lalitaprabhasUri vinayaprabhasUri mahimAprabhasUri bhAvaprabhasUri ___ pUrNimApakSIya pradhAnazAkhA ke munijanoM dvArA pratiSThApita jinapratimAyeM bhI prApta huI haiM jo vi.saM. 1512 se vi.saM. 1768 taka kI haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : jayasiMhasUri ke paTTadhara jayaprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 9 pratimAyeM milI haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :vi.saM. 1512 mAgha sudi 5 somavAra jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2 saMpA. buddhisAgarasUri, lekhAMka 963 vi.saM. 1519 kAntika vadi 5 zukravAra vahI, lekhAMka 743 vi.saM. 1519 kAttika vadi 5 zukravAra prAcInalekhasaMgraha saMgrAhaka vijayadharmasUri, lekhAMka 329 vi.saM. 1519 mAgha sudi 5 somavAra zrIpratimAlekhasaMgraha saMpA. daulatasiMhaloDhA, lekhAMka 261 vi.saM. 1521 mAgha pUrNimA guruvAra muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 578 vi.saM. 1525 vaizAkha vadi 11 ravivAra vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1492 vi.saM. 1525 mAgha vadi 5 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha saMpA. vinayasAgara, lekhAMka 667 vi.saM. 1528 kAttika sudi 12 zukravAra jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 3, saMpA. puranacanda nAhara, lekhAMka 2349 vi.saM. 1531 phAlguna sudi 8 somavAra rAdhanapurapratimAlekhasaMgraha saMpA. muni vizAlavijaya, lekhAMka 274

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zivaprasAda jayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara jayabhadrasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita tIna pratimAyeM prApta huI haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : vi.saM. 1525 vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra bIkAnera jainalekhasaMgraha saMpA. agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, lekhAMka 1315 vi.saM. 1534 vi. saM. 1536 .61 ASAr3ha sudi 1 guruvAra ASAr3ha sudi 5 guruvAra jayaprabhasUri ke dvitIya paTTadhara bhuvanaprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 2 pratimAyeM milatI haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2202 lor3hA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 101 vahI, lekhAMka 1434 vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 796 vi.saM. 1551 pauSa sudi 13 zukravAra vaizAkha vadi 4 ravivAra vi.saM. 1572 kamalaprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita eka pratimA prApta huI hai jo saMbhavanAtha kI hai| yaha pratimA AdinAtha jinAlaya, tharAda meM hai| isakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai : vi.saM. 1582 vaizAkha sudi 3 lor3hA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 207 kamalaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara puNyaprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 2 pratimAyeM milatI haiM jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : : vi.saM. 1608 vaizAkha sudi 13 zukravAra muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1 lekhAMka 124 vi. saM. 1610 phAlguna vadi 2 somavAra muni vizAlavijaya, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 348 vidyAprabhasUri ke paTTadhara lalitaprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita eka pratimA milI hai, jisa para vi. saM. 1654 kA lekha utkIrNa hai: vi.saM. 1654 mAgha vadi 1 ravivAra muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 101 mahimAprabhasUri inake dvArA pratiSThita vi. saM. 1768 kI eka pratimA milI hai : vi.saM. 1768 vaizAkha sudi 6 guruvAra muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 332 ukta abhilekhIya sAkSyoM dvArA pUrNimApakSa kI pradhAnazAkhA ke jina munijanoM ke nAma jJAta hote haiM, unameM jayaprabhasUri ke ziSya jayabhadrasUri ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI nAma pustakaprazastiyoM meM bhI milate haiM sAtha hI unakA pUrvApara sambandha bhI sunizcita kiyA jA cukA hai|

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62 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 zrI desAI dvArA dI gayI pUrNimApakSa pradhAnazAkhA kI paTTAvalI meM sarvaprathama pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka candraprabhasUri kA ullekha hai| isake bAda dharmaghoSasUri evaM unake bAda samudraghoSasUri kA nAma AtA hai| ukta paTTAvalI ke anusAra samudraghoSasUri ke ziSya suraprabhasUri se pUrNimAgaccha kI pradhAnazAkhA kA AvirbhAva huaa| vi.saM. 1252 meM pUrNimAgacchIya muniratnasUri dvArA racita amamasvAmicaritramahAkAvya kI prazasti meM granthakAra ne apane gurubhrAtA suraprabhasUri kA ullekha kiyA hai| paTTAvalI meM suraprabhamUri ke bAda jinezvarasRri, bhadraprabhasUri, puruSottamasUri, devatilakasUri, ratnaprabhasUri, tilakaprabhasUri, lalitaprabhasUri, hariprabhasUri Adi 8 AcAryoM kA paTTAnukrama se jo ullekha hai, unake bAre meM anyatra koI sUcanA nahIM miltii| hariprabhasUri ke ziSya jayasiMhasUri kA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM ullekha milatA hai| cUMki bhuvanaprabhasUri dvArA pratiSThApita jinapratimAyeM vi.saM. 1512 se vi.saM. 1531 taka kI haiM ataH unake guru jayasiMhasUri kA samaya vi.saM. 1500 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| cUMki isa zAkhA ke pravartaka suraprabhasUri ke gurubhrAtA muniratnasUri kA samaya vi.saM. kI terahavIM zatI kA dvitIyacaraNa [vi.saM. 1252] sunizcita hai, ataH yahI samaya suraprabhasari kA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| suraprabhasUri se jayasiMhasUri taka 250 varSoM kI avadhi taka 10 AcAryoM kA nAyakatva kAla asaMbhava nahIM lgtaa| isa AdhAra para suraprabhasari se jayasiMhamari taka kI guru-paramparA, jo paTTAvalI meM dI gayI hai, prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra jayasiMhasari aura unake paTTadhara jayaprabhasUri se lekara bhAvaprabhasUri taka jina 9 AcAryoM kA nAma paTTAvalI meM AyA hai, ve sabhI pustakaprazastiyoM dvArA nirmita paTTAvalI meM A cuke haiN| isa prakAra zrI desAI dvArA prastuta pUrNimAgaccha kI pradhAnazAkhA kI eka mAtra upalabdha paTTAklI kI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha siddha hotI hai| granthaprazastiyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pUrNimAgaccha pradhAnazAkhA kI guru-paramparA kI tAlikA jayasiMhasUri se prArambha hotI hai aura jayasiMhasUri ke pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke nAma evaM paTTAnukrama zrI desAI dvArA prastuta paTTAvalI se jJAta ho jAte haiM, ataH isa zAkhA kI guru-paramparA kI eka vistRta tAlikA nirmita hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai :

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sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pUrNimAgacchapradhAnazAkhA ke munijanoM kA vidyAvaMzavRkSa candraprabhasUri / pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka, vi.saM. 1149] dharmaghoSasUri samudraghoSasari (paramAranareza) naravarmA [vi.saM. 1151/I.san 1094 vi.saM. 1190/I.san 1133 aura jayasiMha siddharAja [vi.saM. 1151/I.san 1095-vi.saM.1199/I.san 1143 ke rAjadarabAra meM sammAnita ] suraprabhasUri / pradhAnazAkhA yA TaiTeriyA zAkhA ke prarvataka] jinezvarasUri bhadraprabhasUri puruSottamasUri devatilakasari ratnaprabhasUri tilakaprabhasUri

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lalitaprabhasUri [ prathama] hariprabhasUri jayasiMhasUri jayaprabhasUri [vi.saM.1512-1551 ] prazasti evaM pratimAlekha jayabhadrasUri [vi.saM.1525-34] pratimAlekha yazastilakasari [vi.saM. 1527-29] prazasti meM ullikhita bhuvanaprabhasUri [vi.saM.1551-1572] prazasti evaM pratimAlekha jayamerusUri [vi.saM.1551] prazasti kamalaprabhasUri munirAjasundarasUri [vi.saM. 1582] pratimAlekha [vi.saM.1566 ] prazasti muniratnamerusUri [vi.saM.1574 meM AdinAthamahAkAvya ke pratilipikAra] kamalasaMyamasUri munivIrakalaza [vi.saM.1553 meM inake vi.saM.1555 meM snAtrapaMcAzikA] sAnidhya meM pAkSikasUtraavacUri ke racanAkAra ] ko pratilipi kI gayI mANikyasUri puNyaprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1590-1611] prazasti evaM pratimAlekha

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vidyAprabhasUri vi.saM. 16241 pratilekhana prazasti lalitaprabhasUri dvitIya vi.saM. 1650-1677 ] prazasti evaM pratimAlekha vinayaprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1714-17221 pratilekhana prazasti kIrtiratnasUri [vi.saM.1714] pratilipiprazasti munihemarAjasUri [vi.saM.1689] pratilekhanaprazasti mahimAprabhasUri [vi.saM.1736-17681 prazasti evaM pratimAlekha sahajaralasUri [vi.saM.17611 pratilipiprazasti bhAvaprabhasUri [vi.saM.1783-1791] prazasti bhAvaratnasUri vi.saM.1762-1792] prazasti munilAla [vi.saM.1767-1791] prazasti munijyotiratna

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66 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1882 saMdarbha ___ 1. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI - jainagUrjarakavio bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, mumbaI 1644 IsvI, pRSTha 2236-2241. 2. Muni Punyavijaya-Catalogue of Palm-Leaf Mss In the Shanti Natha Jain Bhandar, Cambay, [G.O.S. No. 135 and 149 ] Baroda, 1961-66 A.D., pp. 269-270. risarca esosieTa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtatva vibhAga, kA.hi.vi.vi., vArANasI-5.

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jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM IzvaravAda kI samAlocanA [zodha-prabandha-sAra] - zrImatI maMjulA bhaTTAcArya __ bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAmAnyatayA jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka darzana ko nAstika aura anIzvaravAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi Astika darzana meM bhI mImAMsA aura sAMkhya darzana nirIzvaravAdI darzana kahe jA sakate haiM kyoMki ina darzanoM meM bhI na kevala Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva kA niSedha hai, apitu inameM Izvara sambandhI avadhAraNA kA bhI abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| kucha dArzanika aisA bhI mAnate haiM ki sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA eka varga aisA rahA hai, jo Izvara ko svIkAra karatA hai, use sezvara sAMkhya darzana ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yoga darzana meM yadyapi eka Adarza ke rUpa meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA upasthita hai phira bhI usameM Izvara ko sRSTi kartA nahIM mAnA gyaa| advaita vedAnta meM brahama ko jagata kA adhiSThAna mAnakara bhI use tArkika daSTi se sRSTikartA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM unhoMne mAyA se yukta brahma ke rUpa meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai| sAmAnyarUpa meM bhAratIya darzanoM meM nyAya-vaizeSika aura uttara mImAMsA (vedAnta ke kucha sampradAya) hI aise darzana haiM, jo Izvara ko sRSTi kartA ke rUpa meM svIkara karate haiN| anya sabhI darzanoM ne yA to isa sambandha meM mauna rakhA hai yA phira isa avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kI hai| __ bhAratIya darzana meM jina darzanoM ne IzvaravAda kI samIkSA kI hai, unameM cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha pramukha haiN| yatra-tatra udhata kucha zlokoM aura tatvotpallavasiMha ko chor3akara cArvAka darzana kA anya koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isa darzana meM IzvaravAda kI saMkSipta samIkSA hI upalabdha hotI hai| koI vistRta samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| IzvaravAda kI samIkSA ke saMdarbha meM jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla se hI ullekha milate haiN| madhya yuga meM to isa sambandha meM vipula samIkSAtmaka sAhitya likhA gayA hai| __ jaina darzanikoM ne naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vaiyaktika zvara aura Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva kI samIkSA kI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra vaiyaktika mAtmA hI naitika sadguNoM kA AcaraNa karate hue apane karmamala kA zodhana karake rimAtma-svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| unake anusAra pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI matA nihita hai| "appA so paramappA" jaina darzana kA mUla maMtra hai| unake anusAra pratyeka mAtmA paramAtmA svarUpa hai| jaise bIja meM vRkSa avyakta rUpa se nihita hotA hai usI prakAra AtmA ( paramAtmA prasupta yA nihita hai| phira bhI ve paramAtmA ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM

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68 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1962 karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdikAla se pravAhamAna haiN| usameM svAbhAvika rUpa se hI utpatti aura vinAza kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai, kintu usakA koI karttA nahIM hai| unake anusAra ye saba prAkRtika ghaTanAyeM hai| saMsAra utpatti aura vinAza se yukta hokara bhI apane pravAha kI dRSTi se anAdi hai| unakA kahanA hai ki isa jagat meM sabhI kucha sundara aura zubha nahIM hai| bahuta kucha asundara, azubha aura duHkha rUpa bhI hai| isalie jisa jagat meM duHkha aura pIr3AyeM hoM, usakA karttA parama kaNika evaM buddhimAna Izvara nahIM ho sakatA / yadi Izvara ko isa sRSTi ke lie prANiyoM ke zubhAzubha karmoM para nirbhara mAnA jAya yA usako isakI racanA ke lie pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoM yA paramANuoM Adi kA sahArA lenA Avazyaka ho, to phira usakA Izvaratva nahIM raha jAtA hai| jo sRSTi kI racanA ke lie anya tathyoM para nirbhara rahatA hai, vaha Izvara nahIM ho sktaa| jaina AcAryoM ne IzvaravAda kI samIkSA karate hue aise aneka tarka prastuta kiye haiM / prastuta zodha prabandha meM hamArA uddezya una sabhI tarkoM ko kramabaddha rUpa meM punaH upasthita karanA hai| isI uddezya se isa zodha-prabandha ko nimna adhyAyoM meM vibhakta karake kAlakrama meM jaina cintakoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha meM prathama adhyAya meM hamane mukhya rUpa se jaina dharma kI dArzanika vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zodha prabandha kA dUsarA adhyAya jaina Agama sAhitya meM IzvaravAda kI samIkSA se sambandhita hai| jaina AgamoM meM pramukha rUpa se sUtrakRtAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa meM IzvaravAda kI samIkSA kI gayI hai| yadyapi yaha samIkSA atisaMkSipta hI hai aura isameM Thosa tarkoM kA abhAva parilakSita hotA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM upalabdha IzvaravAda kI samIkSA kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM meM samantabhadra, siddhasena, jinabhadra, haribhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnandi, prabhAcandra, hemacandra Adi kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ina dArzanikoM vipula mAtrA meM dArzanika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai aura usameM unhoMne IzvaravAda kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| yadyapi IzvaravAda kI samIkSA ke bahuta se tarka sabhI dArzanikoM kI kRtiyoM meM samAna rUpa meM hI pAye jAte haiM phira bhI IzvaravAda kI samIkSA ke tArkika vikAsa ko samajhane kI dRSTi se hamane alaga-alaga rUpa meM hI ina dArzanikoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| cauthA adhyAya madhyakAlIna jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM upalabdha IzvaravAda kI samIkSA se sambandhita hai| isameM hamane mukhya rUpa se 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ke vicArakoM ko hI sthAna diyA hai| isa yuga meM jaina AcAryoM dvArA maru-gurjara aura hindI bhASA meM adhikAMza sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA hai, usI ko AdhAra banAkara isa adhyAya meM IzvaravAda sambandhI vicAroM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hamane prAcIna kAla se lekara Adhunika yuga ke sabhI pramukha jaina cintakoM ke IzvaravAda sambandhI vicAroM ko saMkalita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha samagra lekhana vivaraNAtmaka hI hai, phira bhI isase vibhinna yugoM meM IzvaravAda ke sambandha meM jaina dArzanikoM kI kyA dRSTi rahI hai, isakA abhijJAna ho jAtA hai| yadyapi prArambha se hI jaina dArzanika IzvaravAda ke virodhI hI rahe, kintu unakA yaha virodha Izvara kI avadhAraNA kI apekSA Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva ke viSaya meM hI adhika rahA hai| jaina dArzanika kisI vaiyaktika Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate, kintu sabhI vyaktiyoM meM prasupta paramAtma-tattva unheM svIkAra hai / ve yaha mAnate haiM ki

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zrImatI maMjulA bhaTTAcArya 69 pratyeka vyakti apane sAdhanA ke bala para paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| unakI IzvaravAda kI samIkSA meM mukhya rUpa se yaha bAta bhI nihita hai ki ve manuSya ko Izvara kA dAsa banAne kI apekSA use svayaM Izvara banA dete haiN| ve bhakta ko bhakta banane ke sthAna para bhagavAna banane kI preraNA dete haiN| unake ina vicAroM ko eka urdU zAyara ne bahuta sundara rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| vaha likhatA hai ki -- IsA kI badabakhtI aMdAja se bAhara hai| kamabakhta khudA hokara baMdA najara AtA hai|| yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM ne Izvara ke kartatva kI samIkSA kI hai, kintu haribhadra jaise kucha jaina AcArya aise bhI hue haiM, jo apekSA vizeSa se Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva ko jaina vicAroM se samanviMta karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA hai aura pratyeka AtmA apanI bhava-paramparA athavA saMsAra kA nirmAtA hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha saMsAra (sRSTi) kA kartA bhI hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne na kevala Izvara ke sRSTi kartatva kI samIkSA kI hai kintu jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM use samanvita bhI kiyA hai aura yahI unakI vizeSatA hai| zodha chAtrA - pArzvanAtha zodha pITha, vArANasI-5.

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pustaka-samIkSA 'gacchAcAra-payannA, saMyojaka-- jagatpUjya saudharma bRhattapogacchIpa bhaTTAraka zrImad vijaya rAjendra sUrizvara jI maharAja, saMzodhaka-- upAdhyAya zrI gulAba vijaya jI mahArAja, prakAzaka-- munirAja jI jayAnanda vijaya jI ke sadupadeza se zA amIcaMda jI tArAjI dANI, mu.po. dhAnasA (jilA-jAlora ) rAjasthAna, Akara-- DimAI 16 pejI, pRSTha-saMkhyA 320, mUlya 100/%3D jaina Agama paramparA granthoM meM prarkINakoM kA atyanta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna haiN| yadyapi paramparAnusAra mAtra 10 prINaka hI 45 AgamoM kI gaNanA meM sammilita haiM kintu upalabdha prarkINakoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| mahAvIra vidyAlaya bambaI se paiNNayasuttAiM nAmaka jo grantha do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai usake prathama bhAga meM 20 prarkINaka prakAzita haiN| ina prarkINakoM meM gacchAcAra prarkINaka bhI eka haiN| ise pUrvAcArya praNIta mAnA jAtA hai| isakA grantha kA AdhAra mukhya rUpa se bRhat-kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha mahAnizIya Adi cheda sUtra hI mAne gaye haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se muni AcAra kA vivaraNa hai| saMgha meM sAdhu-sAdhvI kisa prakAra raheM, yahI isa grantha kA mukhya pratipAdaya hai| yaha prarkINaka pUrva meM upAdhyAya zrI gulAva vijaya jI pa.sA. dvArA vi.saM. 2002 meM prakAzita huA thaa| yaha usa grantha kI dvitIya AvRtti hai| isake preraka haiM -- muni zrI jayAnanda vijy| isake anuvAda kI bhASA gujarAtI hai, kintu use devanAgarI meM mudrita kiyA gayA hai| ataH devanAgarI lipi ke mAdhyama se hindI bhASI bhI isakA lAbha uThA sakate haiN| isameM kula 137 gAthAeM hai| upAdhyAya zrI ne na kevala inakA gujarAtI anuvAda prastuta kiyA, balki una para vivecana bhI likhA hai| isa grantha meM guru-ziSya sambandha evaM sAdhu-sAdhvI jIvana ke svarUpa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai isa dRSTi se sAtha hI saMghIya jIvana kA eka suvyavasthita citraNa bhI isa grantha meM upalabdha hai| kRti mahattvapUrNa hai| isake lie prakAzaka evaM preraka dhanyavAda ke pAtra madhyakAlIna jaina saTTaka-nATaka, DaoN. rAjArAma jaina evaM DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina, pR.168, mUlya 24.00, prathama saMskaraNa - pharavarI 1992 I., prakAzaka - prAcya zramaNa bhaartii| madhyakAla ke jaina nATakakAroM meM kavivara hastimalla aura nayacandra sUri kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unake nATaka aura saTaka sAhityika dRSTi se uccakoTi ke haiM, phira bhI darbhAgyavaza prasiddhi nahIM prApta kara sake haiN| prastuta grantha meM unhIM vismRta prAyaH zreSTha kaviyoM ke

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1682. nimnalikhita nATakoM ke nimnalikhita chAtropayogI sarasa aMza hindI anuvAda ke sAtha saMkalita 1. subhadrAnATikA ( tRtIyAMka) hastimallakRta 2. aMjanA pavanaMjaya nATaka (caturthAMka) hastimallakRta 3. maithilI kalyANa nATaka ( caturthAMka) hastimallakRta 4. rambhAmaMjarI ( prathamAMka) nayacandra sUrikRta ___bhUmikA meM mahAkavi hastimalla ke jIvana-paricaya ke sAtha unakI racanAoM evaM racanA-vaiziSThya kA ullekha karate huye unheM Adya jaina nATakakAra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke uttarArdha meM chAtroM ke lAbha kI dRSTi se mahAkavi hastimalla evaM nayacandrasUri ke nATakoM kA saMkSipta samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, kathAvastu, nATya-zilpa, saTTaka kA svasma, nATikA aura saTTaka meM antara, pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa, tAtkAlika sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, nATakoM meM prAkRta bhASA kA svarUpa tathA anya apekSita viSayoM kA vidvatApUrNa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa meM prAkRta ke pramukha aMzoM kA saMskRta spAntara hai, jisa se chAtra paryApta lAbhAnvita hoNge| isa saMkalita pAThya grantha ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya sAhityAkAza ke do aise bhAsvara nakSatroM ko chAtroM evaM janasamAja ke samakSa lAne kA zlAdhya evaM pavitra prayAsa kiyA gayA hai jinheM hama lagabhaga bhUla cuke the| zodha saMsthAna, u muni DaoN. rAjendra rata jaina parAmanovijJAna, lekhaka-- mani DaoN. rAjendra ratneza, sAdhvI-- DaoN. prabhAzrI. prakAzaka-- zrI ambA gurU zodha saMsthAna, udayapura, rAjasthAna, AkAra- DimAI 16 pejI, pRSTha-saMkhyA 127+11-138, mUlya 50/%D prastuta kRti DaoN. muni rAjendra ratneza aura sAdhvI DaoN. prabhAzrI jI ke dvArA saMyukta rUpa se praNIta hai| yaha kRti pA~ca adhyAya meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM parAmanovijJAna ke svarUpa kA citraNa hai| sAtha hI isameM pretavidhA, sammohana, atindriya jJAna zakti kA bhI sAmAnya vivaraNa hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM purnajanma kI avadhAraNa ko prastuta karate hue jAti smaraNa jJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya mukhya rUpa se preta jIvana kI sambhAvanA evaM tatsambandhI sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa detA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM atindriya dRSTi evaM dUrabodha, se sambandhita hai| jabaki paMcama adhyAya meM svapnoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAle pUrvAbhAsoM kI carcA karatA hai| vidvAna lekhaka vya ne isa

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pustaka-samIkSA samasta vivecana meM na kevala jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, apitu Adhunika manovaijJAnika khojoM kA bhI yathA sthAna nirdeza kiyA hai| yadyapi parAvijJAna ke kSetra meM aba itanI khojeM ho cukI hai ki una saba ko AdhAra banAkara jaina avadhAraNAoM ke sandarbha meM eka bahuta hI pramANika grantha kI racanA kI jA sakatI hai| muni jI abhI yuvA haiM aura isa kSetra meM yaha unakA prathama prayAsa hai, apekSA hai ki ve bhaviSya meM pAzcAtya bhASAoM meM prakAzita parAmanovijJAna sambandhI sAmagrI kA adhyayana karake isa kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA praNayana kreNge| bhagavattA phailI saba ora (kunda-kundavANI) lekhaka-- mahopAdhyAya candra prabhasAgara, pR.110, AkAra- krAuna 16 pRSThIya, peparabaika saMskaraNa prathama, san 1991, prakAzaka-- jitayazAzrI phAuNDezana, 9-sI, esplAneDa ro IsTa, kalakattA, mUlya 10/= prastuta laghu gantha mahopAdhyAya zrI candraprabhAsAgara dvArA RSikeza cAturmAsa ke samaya aSTapAhuDa para diye gaye ATha AdhyAtmika pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai, isameM sarala bhASA meM viSaya ko bodhagamya banAyA gayA hai| isameM kunda-kunda kI gAthAoM ko AdhAra banAkara darzana ko jIvana meM utArane, bahirjagata ke prati upekSA bhAva rakhane, sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukta hone kI abhilASA, dhyAna mArga evaM mArga phala Adi viSayoM ko prabhAvI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pravacanoM ke bIca saTIka dRSTAntoM se viSaya atyanta sahajatA se hRdayagrAhI ho jAtA hai| pustaka kI chapAI evaM sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| pustakoM ko lAgata mUlya para upalabdha karAne kA jitayazAzrI phAuNDezana kA prayAsa sarAhanIya prAkRta evaM jainavidyA zodha-sandarbha (saMkalana), lekhaka-- DaoN. kapUracanda jaina, pR.130, AkAraDimAI sajilda, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1991, prakAzaka-- kailAzacandra jaina smRtinyAsa khataulI (yuu.pii.)|

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zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1982 dvitIya saMskaraNa kA viSaya kSetra adhika vyApaka ho gayA hai| isameM bhArata meM ho rahe zodha prabandhoM kI saMkhyA meM svAbhAvika rUpa se vRddhi hone ke sAtha-sAtha, deza evaM videza meM isa kSetra meM sampanna zodhoM ke atirikta ho rahe kAryoM kI bhI sUcI dI gayI hai| isameM mAtra zodha-prabandhoM kI hI sUcanA nahIM dI gayI hai| apitu jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM kArya kara rahe svatantra saMsthAnoM, vizvavidyAlayoM meM svatantra prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA vibhAgoM kI bhI sUcI dI gayI hai| sAtha hI zodha nirdezakoM kI alaga sUcI bhI dI gaI hai| samAdhAna kI jyota, samAdhAna kartA-- munijayAnanda vijayajI, prakAzaka-- zrI zvetAmbara jainasaMgha, dhANasA, jAlaura ( rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2047, mUlya--- prastata kati praznottara ke rUpa meM hai| isameM jaina dharma aura jaina AcAra se sambandhita 326 praznoM ke uttara diye gae haiN| jaina AcAra ko samyaka rUpa se samajhane ke lie yaha kRti nizcaya hI upayogI hai| praznottara zailI meM racita hone ke kAraNa yaha subodha bhI hai| kRti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM pratyeka prazna ke uttara meM Agama granthoM kA pramANa diyA hai| sandarbho meM kahIM-kahIM pRSTha, kramAMka yA sUtrakramAMka Adi kA nirdeza na hone se una logoM ko kaThinAI ho sakatI hai, jo isake mUla srota ko pramANika rUpa se jAnanA cAhate haiN| kRti nizcaya hI paThanIya va saMgrahaNIya hai| sambaka jinendra guNa gaMgA, racayitA-- munirAjazrI samyAratnavijayajI ma.sA., prakAzaka-- ghevaracanda himmata mala tilesarA, abila khAtA kI serI, Ahora (jAlaura, rAjasthAna) 307029, san 1991 prastuta kRti meM mukhya rUpa se samyagratnavijayajI ke dvArA racita bhakti gItoM va zatAdhika stavanoM kA saMkalana hai| sabhI stavana AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke upadezoM se yukta haiM, phira bhI aneka stavanoM meM kavi ne apane ArAdhya ke sammukha apane hRdaya ko kholakara rakha diyA hai aura

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pustaka-samIkSA 75 isake kAraNa ye racanAeM bhakti rasa kA Ananda dene meM bhI pUrNa samartha hai| bhASA subodha evaM sarala hai| AdhyatmarasikoM ke lie kRti paThanIya hai| Adhanika vijJAna evaM gItA kA brahama, lekhaka-- vijayazaMkara rAya, prakAzaka-- jJAna-vijJAna zodha saMsthAna, abhinava kAmpaleksa, jayaprakAza kAlonI (kAryAlaya ke pAsa ), adhAratAla vArDa, jabalapura (ma.pra.), pina 482002, I. 1992, mUlya- 60/%D / prastuta kRti ko adhyAyoM ke sthAna para khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isake vibhinna khaNDoM meM kramazaH prAcIna aura Adhunika darzana, bhAratIya darzana, darzana ke uddezya, tatvamImAMsA, vizva vijJAna, vijJAna darzana, sUkSma jagat aura jaivika UrjA, ananta kI ora, jaivika UrjA vikAsavAda, AtmA jIva va mana, mAnava nirmANa aura kalama vidhi, gItA kA brahma, dharma aura usakI cetanA, dharma aura dhArmika anubhUti, kAla-akSayakAla, mahAkAla, jJAna aura brahma evaM prANiyoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI vikRtiyA~ : tAttvika-kAraNa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kRti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake pratipAdya viSayoM para vaijJAnika dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai aura usa sandarbha meM pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM ke aneka sandarbha bhI prastuta kiye gae haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne adhanika manovijJAna vizeSataH phrAyaDa Adi kI vyAkhyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha kRti dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ko vaijJAnika evaM manovaijJAnika pariprekSa meM dekhane kA prayAsa hai, lekhaka ne anta meM vaijJAnika tathyoM ke AdhAra para hI yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki parama tatva, nirguNa evaM Azcaryajanaka hai| kRti kA mudraNa nirdoSa va sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| kRti paThanIya va saMgrahaNIya hai| 'sAgaraNA smaraNa tIrthe, lekhaka-- pUjya zrI manoharakIrtisAgara sUrIzvara jI tathA DA. kumArapAla desAI, saMpAdaka-- pUjya zrI ajayakIrtisAgara jI evaM pUjya zrI vijayakIrtisAgarajI, prakAzaka-- zrI avicala grantha prakAzana samiti, mUlya-- amUlya, prApti sthAna-- zrI buddhisAgara sUrIzvara jaina samAdhi mandira, sTezana roDa, bIjApura (gujarAta), pina-8823701

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76 zramaNa, akTUbara-disambara, 1882 prastuta kRti meM yoganiSTha AcArya deveza zrImad, buddhizvara sAgara sUri jI, samatA sAdhaka, AcArya pravara zrImad kIrtisAgara sUrIzvara jI evaM pravacana prabhAvaka gacchAdhipati, AcArya zrI subodhasAgara sUrIzvara jI ina tIna mahAna sAdhaka AtmAoM evaM prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA jIvana vRtAMta varNita hai| ye tInoM hI cAritrAtmAyeM zvetAmbara mUrti pUjaka jaina saMgha kI mahAna vibhUtiyA~ haiN| prastuta kRti meM ina tInoM ke vyaktitva evaM saMgha kAryoM kA gujaratI bhASA meM atyanta rocaka aura prabhAvapUrNa varNana hai| unakA pramANika jIvana vRtta, dharmasAdhanA tathA unake dvArA kiye gae mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA vivaraNa dene ke kAraNa yaha kRti bhaviSya meM jaina itihAsa ke sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa siddha hogii| kRti meM ina tInoM AcAryoM ke jIvana se sambandhita aneka sundara evaM manamohaka citra nizcaya hI pAThakoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| kRti kA mudraNa atyanta hI sundara va nirdoSa hai| isameM bahuta hI mUlyavAna videzI kAgaja kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| citroM kA bahuraMgI mudraNa evaM atikalAtmaka AvaraNa sahaja hI pAThakoM ke mana ko moha letA hai| kumArapAla desAI jaise prabuddha vicAraka kI lekhanI se nizrata yaha kRti atyanta AkarSaka bana par3I hai| kRti ke anta meM subodha sAgara jI ma.sA. ke sacitra jIvana Alekhana ke sAtha 24 tIrthaMkaro kI adhiSThAyikA deviyoM, solaha vidyA deviyoM tathA 24 yakSoM ke bhI sundara raMgIna citra haiM, jo ki kRti ke mahattva ko bar3hA dete haiM, kRti saMgrahaNIya hai|

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pArzvanAtha zodhapITha parisara 10 akTUbara, nidezaka dvArA bIkAnera meM pUjya yati zrI jinacandra jI ke pAvana sAnidhya meM Ayojita sabhA meM samAdhimaraNa para vyAkhyAna | 12 - 14 akTUbara, jainavizvabhAratI (DImDa yUnivarsiTI) lADanU ke jainavidyA vibhAga dvArA 'jaina darzana kA kramika vikAsa' viSaya para Ayojita rASTrIya saMgoSThI meM pro. sAgaramala jaina ne 'guNasthAna siddhAnta' kA udbhava evaM vikAsa viSaya para zodha-patra prastuta kiyA / isa seminAra meM zodhapITha ke pravaktA, DA. azoka kumAra siMha ne jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa (prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meM) zIrSaka zodha-patra prastuta kiyA / 15 akTUbara, AI. sI. pI. Ara. ke tattvAvadhAna meM pro. ke. esa. mUrti para dillI meM Ayojita seminAra meM pro. sAgaramala jaina ne 'pro. mUrtija philAsaphI Ava pIsa eNDa nAna - vAyaleMsa' viSaya para patra prastuta kiyA / 16-17 akTUbara, dillI meM Ayojita 'ephro-eziyana philAsAphikala kAnphreMsa' meM pro. jaina ne 'kansepTa Ava pIsa' zIrSaka zodha-patra prastuta kiyA / 6-7 navambara, prAkRta evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI dvArA Ayojita dvidivasIya saMgoSThI meM pro. sAgaramala jaina ne 'jaTAsiMha nandI evaM varAMgacarita' zIrSaka zodha-patra prastuta kiyA / isI saMgoSThI meM DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha ne jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa (sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatI ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) patra prastuta kiyA /

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pI-eca.DI. upAdhi prApta zodhapITha ke do zodha chAtroM zrI ravIndra kumAra evaM zrI veMkaTa zrInivAsa ko evaM zodha chAtrA zrImatI maMjulA bhaTTAcAryA ko disambara ke antima saptAha meM kramazaH saMskRta vibhAga evaM darzana vibhAga, kA. hi.vi.vi., vArANasI dvArA pI-eca.DI. upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| unake viSaya isa prakAra hai -- (1) DaoN. ravIndra kumAra, zIladUta eka AlocanAtmaka adhyayana (2) DaoN. veMkaTa zrInivAsa, jaina evaM vaikhAnasa yoga eka AlocanAtmaka adhyayana (3) DaoN. (zrImatI) maMjulA bhaTTAcAryA, jainadharma meM IzvaravAda kI samAlocanA zoka-samAcAra zrI pukharAjamala esa. luMkar3a divaMgata a.bhA. zve. sthA. jaina kAnphreMsa, dillI ke adhyakSa evaM bhArata jaina mahAmaMDala ke mArgadarzaka mUlataH jalagA~va evaM vartamAna bambaI nivAsI zrI pukharAjamala esa. luMkar3a kA 72 varSa kI Ayu meM di. 23 disambara ko prAtaH 8 bajakara 45 minaTa para hRdaya vikAra se acAnaka duHkhada nidhana ho gyaa| svargIya luMkar3a jI kI bhAvanA ke anusAra unake netroM kA dAna kiyA gayA aura 24 disambara ko sAyana vidyuta zavadAha gRha meM antima saMskAra sampanna huaa| unakI dharmapatnI zrImatI sulocanAdevI luMkar3a ne atyanta dhairya kA paricaya dete hue kisI prakAra kI rUr3hi tathA ArtadhyAna ko prazraya nahIM diyaa| kucha mahInoM pahale sva. luMkar3a jI ne sevAkArya ke lie 71 lAkha rupayoM kA nijI TrasTa sthApita kiyA thaa| ve atyanta udAra, milanasAra evaM paropakArI vyakti the| unake nidhana se samAja kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| divaMgata AtmA ko zraddhAMjalI evaM zoka saMtapta parivAra ke prati hArdika sNvednaa|

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zrImatI zimalArAnI jaina divaMgata pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha sva. zrI zodhapITha ke saMsthApaka adhyakSa tribhuvana nAtha jaina jI kI putravadhU zrImatI zimalA rAnI jaina kA bambaI meM 5 akTUbara, 1682 ko svargavAsa ho gayA / ve atyanta sarala svabhAva vAlI dharmaparAyaNa mahilA thIM / mRtyu ke samaya ve apane choTe putra zrI mahendranAtha jaina ke pAsa bambaI meM thiiN| parivAra vAloM ne unakI smRti meM kamarA banavAne ke lie 51 hajAra kI rAzi kA saMkalpa kiyA hai / divaMgata AtmA ko zraddhAMjali evaM zoka saMtapta parivAra ke prati hArdika saMvedanA |

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SHUI kTUbara-disambara 1992 raji0 naM0 ela0 39 phona : 311462 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are Get in touch with us for information on designed to give your moulded product compression, injection or transfer clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give moulds Send a drawing on a sample of instant production the moulds are made your design If required we can of special alloy steel hard.chrome-plated undertake jobs right from the designing for a better finish. stage. Write to N PLASTICS LTD. Engineering Division 2016. Mathura Road. Faridabad (Haryane) AMBANI Edited Printed and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Director, Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth, Varanasi-221005