Yatindrasuri Diksha Shatabdi Samrak Granth

Author(s): Jinprabhvijay
Publisher: Saudharmbruhat Tapagacchiya Shwetambar Shree Sangh

Page 1154

YATEENDRASURI SMARAK GRANTH say, "It is very pleasant now." This proprsion more exaggerated than the above nayas. The falpredicats something which is true of the subject lacy of this naya consists in treating the synonymus only at the moment of the predication.
words as having absolutely different meanings. The fallacy of this naya occure when the per
(7) Evambhuta : Etymologically, evambhuta manence of things is altogether denied. Each and means the truth of the word and its sense in its every object is taken to be momentary without hav- entirety. It calls for a different designation for each ing any kind of general features in it.
of the different attitudes which the same object
assums under different conditions. In other words, (5) Sabda : The present stand point of syno
it recognises an object denoted by a word only in nyms refers to the function of synonymous words
respect of its own natural function as suggested which, despite their differences in tense, case;
by the derivative meaning of that word. Thus, acgender, number and so forth convey the same
cordingly to this principle, the redical sense in genmeaning. In other words, it reats synonymous
eral is not the appropriate sense of a term. Even words as all having, the same sense. The mean
the root signification must have different gradations ing is that the sabda-naya does not concern itself
and aspects. Of these various aspects and gradawith but simply deals with symomymous as if they
tions in the manifestations of the thing. Only one were pure equivalents of one another. For instance
particular aspect or gradation is contemplated by kumbha, kalasa, ghata are all expressive of one
the root of a term and it is this contemplated asand the same object viz. jan. Again, Jiva, Atman,
pect or gradation which is the legitimate meaning Prana etc. are synonymus terms and though these
of the terms in its current usage. The very same differ from one another in their etymological hear
thing in a different attitude must he designated by ings, yet they all refer to the one and the same
a different term altogether. For instance, Purandara thing conventionally.
should be designated as such only when he is Fallacy of Sabadanaya occurs when we ig
actually engaged in the act of destroying his ennore the distinguishing features of it and deal with
emies. Similarly the designaton sakra' is approsynonymous words as absolutely having the same
priate only when he is actually manifesting his meaning. The sabdadvaitavadins and a few otherprowess. Thus Purandara becomes as different schools in Indian Philosophy are said to have come from sakra as a cow is from a Jara. mitted this fallacy.
The fallacy of this naya lies in making the ex(6) Samabhirudha : It is the differentiation of istence of a thing absolutely dependent on the perterm's according to their roots. The difference in formance of the special function with reference to the roots must mean a corresponding difference
which a particular name has been awarded to it. in the terms and therefore in their meanings. In
Thus, each of the seven nayas has a greater other words, it distinguishes the meanings of syn
extent or denotation than the one which follows it. onymous wordts purely on etymological grounds.
Naigama has thus the gratest and ebambhuta the For instance, a jar (Kumbha), a pitcher (kalasa)
least extent: Naigama deals with real and unreal. and a pot (ghata) signify different things according
Samgraha deals with real only Vyavadhara with to their meanings. The point is that while the sabda
only a part of the real. Sabda with only the expres. naya would treat synonyms as equivalent words,
sion of the real. Samabhitrudh with only one parthe samabhirudha naya would distinguish them
ticular expression. Evamabhuta with only that parfrom one another on etymological grounds. Thus
ticular expression which applies to the thing in its it is only a special application of sabdha-naya. In
present activity becoming specialised it becomes narrower and
Thef
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