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જૈન ધર્મ અને અન્ય પરંપરાઓમાં યોગ - વિશેષાંક
(samyagdarshan), Right knowledge (Samyaggyan), less one conquers senses one cannot conquer passions. Right Conduct (Samyagcharitra) which is also The tendency of attachment can be conqured by equadesignated as three jeweles which is Yoga. nimity. Umaswati in his book prasamrati has (Hemchandracharya's Yogashastra - 1.15)
emphasised eradication of passions. Haribhadra also In Jainism the Right faith is defined as belief in
says that true liberation consists in freedom from passeven principles (Tattvas) etc. Right knowledge is cor- sions. One should practice meditation after achieving rect understanding of them & Right conduct is aban
equanimity. The twelve reflections (Anupresa) are imdonment of all improper activities.
portant. In addition, four virtues of friendship, appreThere are five small vows for householders & five
ciation of virtuous person, sympathy & indifference great vows for monks. They are elaborately discussed
are recognised for purification of mind. In Jain Agamas in Jain scriptures - such as Tattvarthsutra. Conduct is
the term Yoga connotes different meanings - such as the Religion.
meditation, penance, conduct, contemplation equa
nimity etc. The practice of Yoga consists of man's jourThe Code of conduct
ney towards ethical as well as spiritual perfection. (1) Non-violence
Meditation is assential for the attainment of libera(2) Truth
tion. In the Jain Yoga process of journey there are four(3) Non-stealing or honesty
teen stages called 'Gunasthanas' - from ignorance to (4) Continence (Brahmacharya)
the stage of enlightenment. In short, a Jain philoso(5) Non-attachment to possession i.e. Aparigraha pher praises Yoga as follows: "Yoga is the foremost of
In this way, concept of five names of Patanjali's virtues. Yoga is the very embodiment of perfection of Yogashastra is also present in the form of five rules of soul, Yoga is the foundation for realising Reality, or conduct in Jainism Hemchandra discusses different Tattva, for this is ascertained through nothing else. meanings of Yoga - including meditation. Patanjali's There is nothing comparable to Yoga." A Yogi has been concept of meditation is included in Jaina thought.
described as one who is unmoved by any kind of wordly Yoga teaches you to know your true identity which or material possessions & therefore, experiences a gives you inner peace & poise. Yoga is a means to
state of complete bliss. This kind of Yoga is possible in unveil your true self. According to Jainism, the true this very life as it is said 'freedom from passions is nature of self is nothing but the state of equanimity. liberation. Rajchandra's Modern Philosopher explains One needs to be an observer - the state in which self the path of liberation in his 'Atmasiddhi' which is nothremains undisturbed by attachment & aversion. It is a ing but Yoga. The liberated soul enjoys the inherent state which can be achieved by practice of Righteous bliss forever. But one has to conquer the Kashavas - meditation - Pure meditation - Sukladhyana - Activi- the passions. A Yogi - the spiritual aspirant should know ties of mind & body are controlled - one meditates on
the preaching of Jina, should have faith in the scripsoul.
tures, should contemplate on the facts of nature. Yoga Jainism approves of those postures (Asanas) which
is to eliminate all adversities in life. Spirituality, conare beneficial in meditation. The word dhyan is used
templation, meditation, equanimity & renouncement in a wider sense that comprehends samadhi also. The
of greed are Yoga in as much as they connect one Jain approach about different Yogas is integral & com
with liberation. Thus, in Jainism, the concept of Yoga prehensive. In modern times the concept of preksa -
stresses on the Three Jewelves, Meditation, Five meditation which means to perceive deeply pro
Anuvratas & Mahavratas & Twelve Anuprekshas. Ultipounded by Acharya Tulsi & Acharya Mahaprajna is
mately it results in discriminative knowledge of Soul significant. It combines Science with spirituality.
& Non-Soul which is essence of Jainism. The works of Acharya Kundakunda, Pujyapada -
000 discuss in detail - meditation of soul by soul.
(Hon. Prof. K. K. Somaiya Centre
for studies in Jainism) There are some peculiarities of Jain Yoga - eman
(Former HOD Philosophy RJC Mumbai) cipation is nothing but the victory over passions. Un
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