Life in Ancient India as Depicted in Jain Canons

Author(s): Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: New Book Company

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LIFE IN ANCIENT INDIA
Mahāvīra, after fourteen years of his attaining omniscience. Jamāli was a prince of Khattiyakundaggāma, who renounced the world and became a follower of Mahāvīra. Difference of opinion arose between him and his teacher over a slight matter whereupon Jamăli declared that before the accomplishment of the act its results begin bcaring fruits; the followers of Jamalı were known as bahui ayas. Piyada 1 sanā, the daughter of Mahāvīra, first joined the schısınatic order of her husband, but later on, she was enlightened and joined the order of Mahāvira.
(2) The second schism was started by Tissagutta at Usabhapura (Rayagiha), during Mahāvīra's life time after sixteen years of his attaining keralahood Tissagutta was a disciplc of ācārya Vasu, who was well-versed in the fourteen Púrvas His followers were callcd jita paesiyas ; thcy controverted the vicw of Malāvīra that the soul is permeated in all the constituent atoms of the body
(3) The third schism was led by Aşādha at Seyaviya after 214 vcars of Mahāvīra's attaining salvation His followers were called arallias and thicy held that there is no difference between gods, saints, kings and other beings
(4) The fourth schism was stai ted by Assamitta in Mihilā, aster 220 years of Mahāvīra's attaining salvation His followers were called samuccheryas and they held that since thc cnt of all life will come some day the effects of good or bad dccds are immaterial.
(5) Thc fifth schism was started by Ganga at Ullukātīra after 228 years of Mahāvīrn's attaining salvation His followers were callcd dokuzyas and thcy held that the two opposite fcclings such as cold and warmth could be cxperienced at the same time
(6) The sixth schism arose in Antaranjiya and was started by Sadūlaya otherwise known as Roliagutia after 544 years of Mfahăvira's attaining salvation Sadilaya is said to have bcen the author of the Varseşika sūtras. His followers were callcd teräsiras and thcy held that between thc life (īva) and non-lifc (arīva) llicrc is a third state 'no-jīva.' According to the Kalpasūlia," thc terāsıyas were founded by a disciplc of Ajja Mahāgiri.
(7) The scventh schism was lcd by Gotthamalula at Dasapura after 584 years of Mahāvira's attaining salvation His followers were called abaddhiyas and according to them the jūra is not bound by Karman.18
THC SYCTAMBARAS AND DIGAMBARAS
Then we come to the epoch-making schism betwecn the Svetambara and Digambara sects of the Jains. The Digambaras maintained that absolute nudity is a necessary condition of sainthood which the Svetām
128, P228 a.
73 7hà 587, Aca. Nur 779 ff, also Bha 8, p. 68 a-75, Ovā. Sū. 41, P 197, also Bhag. 9 (Bechardas ed).
125 ff, Iva Cū. p.416 ff, Ullard. Ti 33 , Sama Sv. 22, Bhag. 1. I, p. 41f