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274
THE INDIAN ANTIQUABY.
(NOVEMBER, 1904.
The last of these three vorsos introduces, as explained by Dr. Kittel in his edition of the Chhandômbudhi," the four kinds of alliteration of the third class, occurring along with the ten simple " alliterations (prâsa), and the successive (anuprâsa) and final one (antaprâsa)." As it stands in the Kavird jamdrga, the last pada asserts that the matter introduced in the verse is "according to the well known method of the splendid Nripatunga." As it stands in the Chhandombudhi, the Bame pada is an address to some lady, and means : - "Listen, O thou who hast splendid long eyes resembling & water-lily ! ; I will declare it.” Here, again, there is not any acceptable reason why, if Nagavarma or his interpolator took the verge from Kavibvara, he should have altered the text, so as to suppress the name of Nripatunga. And, on the other hand, here, again, it is easy to see in how simple a manner Kavisvara may have adapted still another verse, not composed by himself, so as to name his patron as the authority for the matter stated in it.
Taking these three verses together, we can see most plainly that Nagavarma or his interpolator did not either quote or adapt them from Kaviśvara; but Kavibvara on the one side, and Nagavarma or his interpolator on the other side, ased standard verses which they took independently from some third writer. A simple comparison of the texts given on page 272 f. above is sufficient to shew that the assertion, that the versions of these verses standing in the Chhandômbudhi are quotations from the Kavirdjamdrga, is absolutely opposed to fact. And it is altogether incredible that Nagavarma or his interpolator, adapting verses from the Kavirdjamdrga, should gratuitously, and in the most objectless manner, spoil them by striking out references to an authority made by appellations of which one at least, presented in two of the verses, was a well known and famous one, and by substituting words which add neither force nor beauty to the verses. There was
difference in treatment; namely, that Kavibvara adapted the original verses of the third writer, whereas Nagavarma or his interpolator quoted them, and probably quoted them with absolute exactness. And those were the two different methods by which the verses standing in the Kavirdjamdrya and the Chhandombudhi were obtained ; namely, respectively by adaptation and by quotation.
There remains the point as to the source of these versos. From what Kavfsvara, the author of the Kavirdjamarga, has told us, it was certainly from the Kapimärga of Srivijaya that he adapted his verses. The earlier Nagavarma or his interpolator may have taken the corresponding verses into the Chhandombudhi directly from that same work, the Kavindrga of Srivijaya, or indirectly by obtaining them from some other writer who had taken them from that work. On this latter point, we can only submit the following remarks for further consideration. In his introductory rese 22, Nagavarma has told us that his Chhandômbudhi or Chhandômburdsi was based to a great extent on a work by Pingala, which he seems to mention by the name of Mangalachohhanda. It seems to be uncertain whether he refers to the Sanskrit Pingala, or to the so-called Prikrit Pingala, or perhaps to both of them.38 But there cannot have been obtained from either of those writers any of the Kanarese characteristics, of which the prdsa or alliteration, exhibited in the Chhun limbudhi whether originally or by interpolation, is emphatically one. On the other hand, the Chhandômbudhi does not present any mention of the name of Srivijaya. But verse 252 exhibits an Aupachchhandasika metre which it describes as, - Kaviávar-oktam, "declared by Kavisvara." There is no reason for thinking that this use of the name Kavisvara is a reference by Nagavarman to himself; his own biruda was not Kavisvara bat Kavirkjabařsa. And it certainly does not carry any reference to the Kaviśvara who wrote the Karirdjandrga, which does not deal with metres. But it may eas.ly denote Srivijaya; for we have seen, on page 269 above, that it is quite possible that he had the appellation Kavišvara. .
The bditor has further said (Introd. p. 1) that "the Kavirajamilrga is also alluded to in the "Kavyávalókang." This work is the Kavyávaldkans of the second Nagavarma, who, as bas
* Soo Dr. Kittel's Najavarma's Canaren I'rovody, Introd. p. 7.
