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28
INDIAN ANTIQUARY, VOL. XXXIII, 1904; APPENDIX.
[$ 12, B.
(see 6, X). - (8) In all the later varieties, the top of kha is made longer and carved to the right (7, VI-XI ; 39, XIV).
(4) In the Saka type, we have a cursive form of ca, derived from 10, III, in which the left end of the lower portion of the sign is attached to the short vertical below the top. Similar, still more cursive. forms are common in the Kuçana variety ; see 10, X, and XII.
-(5) All the later varieties show the cha without the cross-bar, and the vertical is occasionally made to slant so that the sign looks like mo. -- (6) In the later varieties, the left side-limb of ja is nearly always rounded, and in the Kusana variety the head of the sign often consists of a shallow curve, from the left end of which the vertical hangs down (12, XI). Hence is developed the looped ja (12, XII) of the Bimāran vare. The full ja with the bar across or to the left of the foot occurs on the Indo-Grecian coins (12, VU).-(7) In all the Inter varieties, one side of ña invariably shows & vertical (14, VIII, IX).
(8) The only known a of the Saks period in the ligature ste (22, XIII) shows the archaic form with one ber on the left; compare 15, ILI. In the Kuşana variety, the two bars to the right and left (15, I) are converted into a straight line, whereby a becomes tha (15, X-XII). The emall strokes at the top of $4 (15, XI) are, as FLEET': impression of the Snë Bibär inseription shows, due to rents in the copper. The correct reading of the word, in wbich it occurs, is kutubini instead of Richudini (HOEENLE). - (9) In all [29] the later varieties, Tha (16, VIII, X, XI) loses the hook at the end of the second bar.
(10) On the Indo-Grecian coins, ta (20) is very similar to ra; in the Saka inscriptions, it is only one-third of the size of ra, and in the Kusana variety the two letters are again very similar. -(11) The Saka da of do (22, IX) is derived from the form 22, II, while the signs 22 VIII, and X, come from the ordinary da of the Asoka odiots. The Kugana form (22, XI) shows an inverted carve at the head
(12) The inscription of Gondopberres, and some coins of that king and of Azilises (P. GARDNER, Cat. Ind. C. Br. Mus. p. 94, No. 22), show. - the first in the king's name - a peculiar sign (26, X) 0828Ny read pha, but possibly meant for fa, as O. FRANKE proposes, ZDAG. 50, 603.-(13) In the Kuşada variety, the right end of the horizontal top of tha is occasionally connected with the vertical (28, X), and sometimes the top-stroke is connected with the side-limb, just as in ku (6, XI). - (14) The fuller ma (29, VI) is common on the IndoGrecian coins, and for its slanting stroke the later coins often show a dot (29, VII). In the ma of the Suka and Kuşana varieties (29, IX, XII), ma is laid on its side, the right part of the semicircle rises high up, and the left is bent downwards; compare the late sui (33, XIII).
(15) In the Kaşana inseriptious, ya often becomes a curve or rhombus-like figure, open below (30, XI, XII). - (16) In the later varieties, the left limb of la (32, VIII, X) is invariably round, and in the Kaşana type it is often attached to the top of the vertical (32, XI, XII). -(17) In later times, the head of va (33, VIII, X) is invariably rounded.
(18) Equally, la (84, VIII, X) is often made round and similar to ya, -(19) In later times, sa (86, VII-XI) invariably loses the line connecting the left side of the head with the tail, and the new form becomes in the Kaşans inscriptions often highly cursive; see 36, XII.
B. - Modial vowels and Anusvāra. (1) Medial i often crosses the vertical low down ; see I (2, VII, VIII, X), di (22, XI). ni (24, XI), &c.; and in the Kagana variety it gets a book in mi (29, XI). Medial o likewise is occasionally attached low down to the vertical, see ro (81, XI); ho (87, XII).
(2) The e-stroke stands in E invariably on the right of the d (4, VI-VIII), and it may siuk down as low as the foot. The short stroke is then converted into a long bent line (4, X,
