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OCTOBER, 1888.]
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
283
being placed first. Herein we may observe a ancient texts, composed originally in Mágadhi, close connection with the similar enumeration had to accommodate themselves. in Lalitavistara. Moreover all 18 are men. The Council of Paaliputra, it is supposed, tioned as used for the bambhi livi. The 46 [222] limited its functions to the collection of mduyakkhardni in anga 4 ought to be mentioned the angas; the written codification of Dêvarddhihere in this connection.
gani, it is claimed, embraced the entire érisidJacobi (Kalpas. p. 16n) has called our atten- dhánta, agama," tbe sarvan granthan of this tion to the peculiar synchronism of the Agama. See Jacobi, 1. c. p. 115-117. What activity of Dêvarddhigami (or of Skandila), with position have we here to assume ? In anga 3,4,1 the contemporaneous activity of Buddhaghôsa we find angabáhiriya texts expressly recognized as regards the drawing up in writing of the as different from the angas, and as pannattire Pali canon. Since this latter is, furthermore, of this kind the names of upungas 5-7 are several deconnis older (almost & century mentioned, together with a fourth name, which older than Jacobi's “adjusted date" of A.V. is that of a section in upanga 3. In anga 3,10 ten 980), we must conclude that in any case he dasá texts, each comprising 10 ajjhayanas, are must have been followed in the wake [221] toy enumerated, of which we possess only four, as his Jaina colleagues and not vice versa. A great asgus 7-10, and a fifth, as chhedasútra 4. In difference is manifest, it must be confessed, be- anga 4 there are mentioned, besides the 11 tween both parties. While Buddhaghósa did not (or 12) angas, the names of the 36 sections of change the linguistic make-up of the Pali texte, the first múlasitra, and three other texts, which the redactor of the Jaina texts adapted to the are no longer extant; the last occur only in a requirements of his own age the Magadht statement in reference to the number of their language, in which, it is probable to suppose, ajjhayaņas. A real enumeration of those texts, they were originally composed (ef. in anga 5, which besides the angas belong to the suam 2, 1, the salutation Magaha ! see Bhag. 2,250) (brutam) is not found in the angas, but in the and in which they had been in all likelihood Nandisutra, a work that is probably a produc. allowed to remain by the council of Pajaliputra. tion of Dêvarddhigaại himself. See below. In The character of the language of the redaotor this work the sacred texts are divided into two of the Jaina texts is incomparably younger groups: (1) the angapavittha, i.e. the 12 angas, than PAli," and consequently its official And (2) the anangapavitha toxts. A further name addha-Mágahá bhásá (in ap. 1, 4, and subdivision shows that under anangap. there are elsewhere)" or ardha-Mdgadhi (with the Jain | 60 single texts enumerated, 27 of which prove grammarians) bears traces of this late date. to be names of existing parts of the Siddhanta ; In fact, of the Magadhé only few remnants, the other names appear either to be merely titles especially the Nom. sing. Masc. of the 1 Decl. of sections of single texts of this number [223] in é, have been retained, while even these or, and this is the majority of cases, are not disappear gradually in the course of time. found in the Siddhanta, though anga 3,10 is acIn general the language may be characterized quainted with some few of them. A repetition as a very much younger sister of Páli. The of this enumeration in the Pákshikasútra” reason for this fact must probably be sought adds at the end to the latter category in local influence, whether it be Valabhí or four*• additional texts, the former existence of Mathara, where the written codification was which can be proved from another source. made; at least such is a safe assumption. To Inasmuch as this proof is as entirely free from the dialect of either Valabhi or Mathurâ these suspicion as it is surprising I deem it fit to
cf. Bhagav. 1, 892–7. Vorlesungen über indische Lit. Geach. 2, p. 316.
1 &kinh tam bhdsdriya! jt namh addha-Mdgande bhdsda bhi santi,jattha ya nam bambht liet pavattai. - Also according to wpanga 1, 56 (see Leumann, Aupapat, p. 6) Mahavira himself already preached in Ardha-Migadhi. Accordingly, we read in the quotation given by Hemachandra IV. 287 : pôranam addhamagahabharaniaya hovai nuttam of. Pinohel's note on this passage in his translation, p. 109. The ordinary term for that idiom with Hêmachandra is ársham.
Other synonyms are sruta, strn, grantha, sisana, AjñA, vachana, upaden, prajñapana. Such is the enumeration in the Anuyogadu. (but in Prakrit.)
Where the texts in question are called angabd. hira.
• Or 'fire' ? they seem to have been mentioned also by the original MS. commented on by the bhasha of the Caloutta edition of the Nandis.; see the explanatiou of the five names in that edition p. 418 (after Vanhidards). -L.
