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300
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[OCTOBER, 1888.
of the date, but simply the period from some This gives us, apparently as the basis of the point in which there commenced the first calculation, Kaliyuga-Samvat 4348 expired, which year of the reign, of which there is quoted the by the Tables is equivalent to Saka-Samvat 1169 thirteenth year, with those details referred to it. expired; and the details of the Sadharana And this record seems to fix the commencement samvatsara, current, of the Sixty-year Cycle ; of the reign of Jayakêsin III., as falling on the month Åsvayuja (ordinarily Septembersome date between Chaitra sukla 1 and 12 of October); the bright fortnight; the first tithi; Kaliyuga-Samvat 4289, equivalent to Saka-Samvat Budhavära, or Wednesday; and the (autumnal) 1110, both current, or between approximately the equinox, occurring at the Tule-Samkranti or 13th and the 24th March, A.D. 1187.
entrance of the Sun into Libra. From what I have said above regarding the But here again, if the apparent application of expired Saka year with which the result had to be the given Kaliyuga year is accepted, we should calculated, it is clear that, though for purposes of have to assume an error in the record astronomical calculation the Mesha-Sankranti Thus, by the Northern System of the Cycle, has to be taken as the starting point in the years I find that the Sadharana samvatsara commenced of both the eras, this record proves that, for in Kaliyuga-Sarhvat 4347 and Saka-Sarvat the denotation and computation of tithis 1168, both current (A. D. 1245-46), on Sunday, according to the civil reckoning, the years of the 16th April, A. D. 1245, and the given month the Kaliyuga era have to be taken, like those, and tithi fell of course in the same year; the of the Baka era, as commencing with Chaitra following samvatsara was Virðdhikrit, which sukla 1. For otherwise, i.e. if Kaliyuga-Samvat commenced in Kaliyuga-Samvat 4348 and Saka4301 current had to be taken as not commencing, Samvat 1169, on Thursday, the 12th April, A. D. for civil purposes, till the Mesha-Sankranti which 1246. Nor is there any possibility of this being occurred on the 25th March, A.D. 1199, then the the period intended; as might be argued if we given tithi would belong to 4300 current, and assumed that Kaliyuga-Samvat 4348 expired is the record would have given us 4287 expired, only a mistake for 4347 current or 4346 expired. instead of 4288 expired. It is also evident For, with the basis of Saka-Sarnvat 1167 expired, that the same starting-point, Chaitra sukla find that the given tithi, Åsvayuja bukla 1, ended, 1, has to be taken as the initial day of each not on a Wednesday, but on Saturday, the 23rd samvatsara according to the Southern System September, A.D. 1245, at about 41 ghatis, 10 of the Cycle, at any rate for the civil reckoning. palas, after mean sunrise (for Bombay); five days For otherwise the given tithi would belong to the before the Tuld-Sankranti, which occurred on preceding samvatsara, Kalayukta.
Thursday, the 28th September, at about 4 gh.
23 p. No. 20.
As in the previous instances, we must apply In the Goa copper-plate grant of the Kadam. the Southern System of the Cycle ; by which ba king Shashthadeva-Sivachitta or Shash- the Sadharana samvatsara coincided with thadava II., published by me in this Journal, Vol. Kaliyuga-Samvat 4352 and Saka-Sarvat 1173, XIV. p. 288ff., the date (line 29ff.)is--ashtAchatva- both current (A.D. 1250-51). And this is the rimbad-adhika-trisat-ottarêshu chatuh-sahasrêshu period in which we have to look for a correct Kaliyuga-samvatsarêshu paravșittêshu satsu sva- result. In this year, Ásvayuja was intercalary. råjy-anubhava-kAlê palichamê Sadharana-samva- And, -partly from the absence in the record of sare tasyoĀývayuja-śuddha-pratipadi Budhavare any expression indicating the intercalated month; tula-rasim upagatavati bhagavati bhaskarê visha- partly because of the general prohibition against Va-samkrantau mahk-punya-kale, -" when there the perfornance of religious rites, &c., in intercehave expired four thousand years of the Kaliyuga, lated months,---we should expect to find the details increased by three hundred raised by forty-eight; l work out correctly for the natural month: i.e.. in the Sadharana samvatsara, which is the fifth according to the present custom of both Northern (year) in the time of his own enjoyment of and Southern India, for the second Åsvayuja. sovereignty on the first tithi of the bright fort. Here, with the basis of Saka-Samvat 1172 expired, night of the month) Åsvayuja of that (samvat the results are-(1) in the first, the intercalated sara); on Wednesday; when his radiance the month, the given tithi, Asvayuja sukla 1, ended Sun has come to the sign Tuld; at the sankranti on Monday, the 29th August, A.D. 1250, at about of the equinox; at this very meritorious time." 57 gh. 27 p.; thirty days before the sankranti ;And the inscription goes on to record a grant of and (2) in the second, the natural month, the soine land by Shashthadeva II., in this the fifth given tithi, Asvayuja sukla 1, ended, as reyear of his reign
Iquired, on Wednesday, the 28th September,
