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NOVEMBER, 1888.]
MISCELLANEA.
327
*iribh, jrimbh, Prakṣit has preserved the fuller form jambh, jimbh ( = jrimbh): cf. also Pr. genh=Skr. grihndti, beside the PAli ganh-; PAli, gedha, 'greed,'desire,' Skr. gardh, griddh beside gidh, gijjhati, giddhin, 'greedy'cf. gijjha, gaddha, 'vulture': in Prakṣit venta, tálavanta beside Skr. vrinta, tálavrinta, Páli, vanta, talaventa.
The author then proceeds to discuss the condi. tions of this change of rito e, which appears to him to probably depend upon the near presence of the letter h. Moreover, the e appears to have been originally short.
He then continues, that, although some of the forms above quoted may be the subject of discussion, most of them should be accepted as loanwords into Vedic or Classical Sanskrit, taken from other Indo-Aryan dialects. There are other words also which occur in the Rig Veda, which the author enumerates, which may also be similarly explained, though without the same amount of evidence, and he finally concludes this portion of his essay by answering his second question in the affirmative.
This brings us to the third and last question, Is the change of an intervocalic dh or bh to h one of the sound-tendencies which are specially frequent in the later Indo-Aryan dialects P
In PAli dh and bh usually remain unchanged, though forms with h are not uncommon. In Prakrit the change to his much more common. In the modern dialects it is the rule. He takes the following typical cases :VEDIC SANSKRIT(1) The case endings,-bhis-,bhyas (-bhias),-bhyam
(-bhidm) added to a vocalic-stem termina.
tion. (2) The words, nabhas, ribhu, surabhi, ndihi,
sabha, ibha, ubha, abhi, idhan, vadha,
ôshadhi, adhi, adhas; adhara, adhama. (9) The suffix-bha, e.g. in rishabha, urishabha. PALI
(1) -hi, rarely-bhi. (2) nabha, surabhi, ndbhi, sabhái, ibha, ubha,
ubhaya, abhi; vadhú, osadhi, adhi, adho,
adhara, adhama. (3) usabha, vasabha. PRAKRIT
(1) -hi, hin. (2) See Hômachandra, I. 187. A., Kalpastra,
(a) naha and nabha, surabhi (hi), ndbhi, sabha, ibha, ubhas, ubkaya, abhi; (b) ahi, ahe, ahara. B., HÅla, (a)naha, surahi and surabhi, ndhi, uhaa, ahi; b) vaihú, osaha, ahi, ahara. C., Sêtubandha, (a) maha, surahi, ndhi, saha, uhaa, ahi; (6) vahu, osahi, ahi, aho, ahara.
(3) Cf. Hém. usaha, vasaha, risaha, gaddha,
gaddaha. A., usabha (ha), vasabha (ha).
B., usaha, vusaha. C., vasaha. In the forms, in which in the Rig Veda h = old dh, bh occurs, we find in Pali and Pr. regularly k. To the forms quoted above (-mahé, -mahi ;-hi beside -dhi; hita beside dhd and -dhita ; róhita beside rudhira; ruh, beside rudh, virudh ; griha, (Gothic) gards; grah-grabh; kakuha-kakubh, may now be added nah-nadh ; gák-gridha; gahana--gabhira; and (?) jéh-jrimbh. Here it is interesting to observe that in those forms in which Sansksit has preserved the old dh, bh, the mediaeval dialects often show h. Rarest again in Páli, where we have rudhira beside rohita, virudhanaka beside rúhati; but also indeed dahuti (dadhati). In Prakṣit we find gahira beside gambhfra, ruhira = Skr. rudhira After dealing with possible objections, the author concludes that at least it is not rash to affirm that the occurrence of h in the Veda for an old dh, bh, is due to the influence of contemporary in due to the inanan popular dialects. There are, however, various considerations which prevent our making any more positive statement, and these he proceeds to discuss. This portion I omit, to save space. The author can only hope that he has pointed out the direction in which the truth may be found.
This article is followed by some remarks by Professor Bühler on Dr. Böhtlingk's articles on Vasishtha. The paper deals with textual criti. cisms and with the translation of certain doubtful passages.
This is followed by a short paper by Dr. Bartholomae on the transcription of Indo-Iranian sibilants. He argues for a systematic and uniform treatment of these letters in Sanskrit and Zend transliteration.
Dr. A. Hillebrandt discusses the translation of the eighth verse in Rig Veda, X. 18. The hitherto accepted translation has been
Raise thyself, O woman, to the world of
life; Thou liest before (or by) him whose breath
hath flown : Come; "Who once clasped thine hand and wooed
thee, The wedlock of thy spouse hast thou now
accomplished.' The author says that the only possible literal translation is
Raise thyself, O woman, to the world of the
living, By a dead man liest thou here. Come hither ;
