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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[DECEMBER, 1888.
parts in which it was presumably divided, dealt 11, which in a common introductory formula with the views (drishti) of the heterodox sects, refer on the one hand their contents directly to the ájiviya and the térásia" besides treating of Subamma or Jambu, and on the other are shown other subjects [248]. The name drishtiváda by other statements to bave been united by one may perhaps be explained by reference to this hand. See the remarks at the commencement fact. The third part consisted of the so-called 14 of anga 6. púrvas, the contents of which was probably not Angas 7-9 appear to be connected by an in entire harmony with the sect of the Svétám- especially close bond. baras, which had gradually arrogated to itself The fifth anga and the existing redaction of the position of being the representative of anga 10 are not embraced in either of these orthodoxy. This then is perhaps the reason groups. Anga 10 belonged originally to the for the loss of the twelfth angam.
second group. It exists in a form demonstrably The remaining extant eleven angas by no later and is composed in another dialect means represent a unit, since they fall into (Nom. Sing. in 6). The fifth anga takes & several groups, the single members of which separate position, and begins in a very pecuare marked by certain formal peculiarities, liar way. It possesses however one point of which prove a connection closer in the case of similarity with unga 6: kúrikás, which state some than in that of others.
the contents of what is to follow, are found The first of those groups is formed by with each larger section. These sections do angas 1-4, all the larger divisions of which not have in the case of this anga the title close with the words ti bêmi, iti bravimi; and ajjhayana, but are called saya, sata. The title according to the scholia, Sudharman, Mahavira's of the anga itself has some connection with pupil, is regarded as the one who gives utterance the titles of upangas 5-7, and this fact makes to this formula. The prose portions begin plain that there is an inner connection between with the formula: suyan mé duash! tenan them. , bhagavayd êvam akkháyani. "I have heard, O That the reader may obtain a ready survey, long-lived one! Thus has that saint spoken." I add the statements in reference to the extent Sudharman is the speaker, according to the of each of the angas which are found [250] in Scholia. In this formula, which charac- the MSS. of each at the end. As stated above, terizes the contents as the oral transmission page 231, the texts are divided into hundreds of the utterances of Mahậvira, & scholar of and thousands of granthas, i.e. groups of 32 Sudharman, i.e. Jambu, is the one addressed. syllables, and these are marked at the proper This introductory formula is found also in other place either by thousands or by five hundreds) texts of the Siddhanta at the commencement of or the collective number of the granthas is the prose sections; and with this the closing stated at the end. As a matter of fact the formula ti bêmi is generally connected. From statements of the MSS. in reference to the this it appears to me that an immediate con- number vary very frequently; which is to be nection of these prose portions with the first referred to the greater or smaller number of four angas is here eo ipso indicated, in so far omissions which have been made therein. We as in all probability (249) all bear the traces of shall refer further on, under anga 4, to this a unifying hand. In regard to the especial matter again.
matter again. The following are the numbers
The connection of angas 1-3 with one another, this in question:fact deserves mention : that in anga 4, 57 they
1.2554 gr., - 2.2300,- 3.3750,- 4.1667, - appear as a group which belongs by itself or
5.15750,- 6.5375,- 7.812,-8.890,-9.192,as the "three gamipidagas" (ácharyasya sarvasva
10.1300,--11.1316. bhájanáni) kar doxýr. Anga 4 is nothing but In the case of several angas at the close there a continuation of anga 3, and in the very are special statements in reference to the numbeginning is styled to be the fourth anga." ber of days necessary for the study or for the
A second group is formed by angas 6-9 and recitation of the anga-see Bhagav. 1, 377-8,
"The traditional date for the foundation of this sect-- 544 after Vira is exactly 374 years later than the date which is set for Bhadrabahu the supposed last teacher of
the 14 purva-Ralosatts. v. 37).
This is explained in very different ways.
