________________
NOVEMBER, 1888).
THE TWELVE-YEAR CYCLE OF JUPITER.
313
longitude is 9 signs and 12 degrees; i.e. that kshuch-chhastr-agni-vpishti - vyâdhi - prabalyan he is in the tenth sign. Then, counting from ..... Chitra-Svâtyôr udito npipa-sasyaÄśvayuja, we have Ashidha, as the current varsha-kshëm-ârôgya kara).-(2) Garga says samvatsara for the given day.'
- pravás-antê sa h-arkshöna hyrudito yuga-pach The names of the samvatsaras of the Sixty-| charét 1 tasmät kâlâd riksha-purvô Guror Year Cycle, also, according to that which abdah pravartaté 11.-(3) Kabyapa says - is usually called the northern system, but samvatsara-yugê ch=aiva shashty-abdA=igirasas which is, in reality, the only truly astronomical sutaḥ | yan-nakshatr-odayam kuryât tat-sansystem of it, and was current, as is shewn by jaam vatsaram viduh 11.-(4) Rishiputra says many epigraphical quotations of it, in Southern -yasmin tishthati nakshatri saha yêna praIndia also, -are determined by Jupiter's mean vardható samvatsaras sa vijniyas tan-nakshatrplace. And the rule is thus given in the Abhidbanakah II.-(5) Also, in the following, Súrya-Siddhanta, i. 55,--dvádaśa-ghní Garôr Rishipatra quotes Vasishtha and Atri, in yata-bhagani vartamânakaih I råśibhiḥ sahitaḥ addition to Parâśara, who is separately referred saddhah shashtyä syur Vijay-adayah II,-"the to above,-Tishy-adika-yoga prahur Vasishthexpired revolutions of Japiter, multiplied by Atri-Faraśarah | Brihaspatês tu Saumy-antam twelve, (then) increased by the current signs sada dvadasa-vârshikam 11 Udéti yasmin mase
of the current revolution), (and then) divided tu pravâs-Ôpagatô=ngirâh I tasmåt samvatsarah by sixty, are i.e. the remainder is) (the suivat- -(6) In the Samasa-Samhita, a short work saras counted from) Vijaya as the first." In by Varahamihira, we have*-Gurur udayati fact, the Sixty-Year Cycle, and the Twelve- nakshatrê yasmin tat-samjõitâni varshâņi.-(7) Year Cycle of the mean-sign system, are quite Brihaspati, as quoted in the Kiranávali, a identical with regard to the day of the com- commentary by Dâdâbhâs on the Súrya-Sid. mencement of each sariiratsara; and, conse- dhánta, says :- yada Gur-ûdayo bhanór Guror quently, with regard also to its duration, abdas tad-aditah. - (8) In the Narada. which, according to Jupiter's mean motion as Samhita, Gurucharadhyâya, we have - given in the Surya-Siddhanta, is 361 days, 1 yad-dhishạy-abhyuditô Jivas tan-nakshatr. gliati, 36 palas. The Twelve-Year Cycle of the ahva-vatsaralı. — (9) In the Muhurta-Tattva, mean-sign system, therefore, with regard to its Guruchara, verse 7, we have - dvy-rikshố= other details, may be most properly described Gnêh Karttikat try-riksha ishu-ravi-Sivowith the Sixty-Year Cycle, which I shall treat bdaḥ sa yên=ôdit-Éjyah.-(10) In the Jyoti. of fully on a separate occasion. And I have shadarpana, adhyâya v., we have - yasminn introduced the present brief mention of it, abhyuditô Jivas tan-nakshatrasya ratsaraḥ.-It only because references to it are unavoidable is unnecessary to translate these ten quotain the following observations.
tions; as the general purport of all of them The other authorities for the heliacal. is the same; viz. that "a saivatsara is to be rising system, in addition to the Brihat-Sanhitá, named after that nakshatra in which Jupiter of which I have spoken, are as follows: attains his rising." - (11) In the remaining (1) Parabara says-Krittika-Röhinish-adite authority, the Sarya-Siddhanta, the rule
In his treatment of the Twelve-Year Cycle (Indian seeing the writings of Davis and Warren on this subject. Eras, p. 26 ff.), Gen. Sir A. Cunningham opens the But, with all due deference, I may safely say that the subject by quoting Kern's translation (see page 1 above, Twelve-Year Cycle by the heliacal-rising system, has Lote 1) of the same verse in the Brihat-Sarhhit, which I hitherto remained quite unknown to European scholars. u A0 for the same purpose. But, for the rest, he altogether I would take this opportunity of remarking that I can ignores the force of the reference to Jupiter's rising. find no authority for the introduction, in Kern's transand treate the subject as if the heliacal rising system, llation of the bracketed words "(during which Junitar described by me, did not exist at all. What he has completes a twelfth part of his revolution)." Jupi deduced from the verse, is only the mean-siga system, completes a twelfth part (rac) of his revolution in which the verse does not really refer to at all: and in about three hundred and sixty-one days; while the respect of which he is wrong in making the Raricvatears of interval between two of his heliacal risings is about four both the Twelve-Year and the Sixty-Year Cycle, begin hundred days. and end with the luni-solar years. The rules that he From this, it appears that the savioratraras of the applies give, at the best, only the samvatsaras of the Sixty-Year Cycle also, were originally determined by Twelve-Year Cycle by the mean-sign system, and of the the heliacal risings of the planet. And corroboration Sixty-Year Cycle, that are current at the commence- of this is afforded by & verse of Varahamihira, quoted ment of a given solar year; they do not provide for the further on. The above verse of Kaśyapa, evidently essential point in both the cycles, vis. the determination of the exact day on which a given sarvatsara of either I have taken this, and the preceding five quotations, cycle commences. - I have not had an opportunity of from Utpala's commentary on the Brihat-Samhita.
Year Cortearts of
selve. Fear at the bestlar yearst
further online Twelve-Year Cycle alone five quotations,
