ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 04

Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies

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scholars lasted on to Walther Schubring and to Professor Colette Caillat of Paris who is still active in Jain studies.
Dr. Herman Jacobi (1850-1937) was the scholar who conclusively proved Jainism's true place and seniority to Buddhism. He travelled in years 1873 and 1913-1914 to India. He had the distinction to write two volumes in Max Mueller's famous fifty volume Oxford University Press series, Sacred Books of the East, which were soon installed in every decent library from Oxford, to Harvard, to Tokyo. His two volumes were devoted to Jain S tras.19 Though better tuitions and translations of the texts have appeared, they continue to give western non-specialist readers a very good, readily available, introduction to the attitude, couteata method and approach of a great part of Jain literature and admiringly respectful introductions by Jacobi himself. Together with Jacobi's excellent article in the Hastings Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Mrs Margaret Sinclair Stevenson's articles therein and her Heart of Jainism then have remained the basic and main fin of English-reading readers sew knowledge of Jainism world-wide down to the and of the 1980's.20
[08] Some Notable American Scholars of Jain Studies
In Dr. Singhvi's previously cited article the work of three American or American-related scholars was described. The following is to add a few details. Maurice Bloomfield who was probably of Jewish background was born in Austria and moved to Milwaukee at the age of four. He studied at Chicago, Furman University (South Carolina) and Yale. He carne as a Fellow to the young John Hopkins University where Lanman, the doyen of Sanskrit studies in the U.S.A., was founding a school of Sanskrit. Bloomfield took his Ph.D. in 1879 and went off to Berlin (not India) and Leipzig for more study. He became Professor of Sanskrit at John Hopkins in 1881. He became one of the leading scholars of Indology and its related philology. Somewhat late in his career he began his work in Jain Maharashtri and Jainology and did not publish in this subject till near his death. However, his Life and stories of the Jaina Savior Parsavanatha is to this day well worth careful study.21
William Norman Brown (189219'75) was born in Baltimore and studied mainly at John Hopkins. He taught at Jammu and studied at Varanasi. He became deeply interested in Indian art, made many Indian friends and kept up close links with India. His publications include works in Jain miniatures and manuscript illustrations.
Heinrich Zimmer, whose main career had been in Germany, gave courses of lectures at Columbia University in New York City in 1942 and 1943 on the Philosophies of India, naturally including Jain teachings. He died-before they were finalized in writing for publication. They were edited and put through press by Joseph Campbell who achieved national television fame as a mythologist. Jain mythology and philosophy came before the American general public both through Campbell's references to it on TV and through Zimmer's philosophies of India which appeared in the prestigious Bollingen Series as volume XXVI.22 Although Jainism is unfortunately omitted in some of our main series and compendiums of and introductions to World Religions, Campbell gave excellent coverage to the important Jain teachings in his Oriental mythology: The Masks of God (1962).
It is not American chauvinism which causes us to mention especially the work of Kendall W Folkert, one of our most promising Jainologists, who was killed as a young man on field-work in a motor accident outside Ahmednagar. He asked many critical questions of his' predecessors in the' best "revisionist" style. He asks why scholars have so focused on canonizing texts when Jains really do not have a narrow authoritative canon such as sixteenth and later century Europeans imagined Christians had. He questioned how any philologist sitting in Europe or America can think he understands what he is studying. One must meet the people, see the monuments, not only the inscriptions, attend the ceremonies, exegete the rituals.23 His article in the Penguin Handbook of Living Religions is one of the best Encyclopaedia is articles of its size ever written.
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STUDY NOTES version 4.0