ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 04

Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies

Page 429

Yoga as dhy na. But the above table speaks at great length of the various yogic traditions of Jainism, enumerated and discussed by the illustrious cryas from time to time. Based on the available gamika and post gamika literature, we can broadly classify the Jaina dhy na yoga s dhan practices in four periods [20] viz:
1.
Period
2.
1.
In the first period K yotsarga, Bh van, Vip san and Vicaya were important. People practised meditation, contemplation not for days but for months and years together to accomplish selfrealization and emancipation. Lord Mah v ra himself fasted and meditated for 12.5 years; so did his 50,000 monks, nuns and other lay followers.
3.
2.
After the 1st Century A.D, philosophical speculation paved way for scriptural study and so Dhy na s dhan took back seat. In the 3rd period c rya Haribhadra and others made a comparative study of Jaina Yoga and P tanjali Yoga and numerous texts on Yoga were written during this period.
4.
3.
During the 18th century works we can see the impact of devotion (bhakti) on Yoga and so many Yoga works were written based on bhakti. The modern age is an age of scientific research and speculation, hence Yoga and meditation practices have been scientifically interpreted and thus we have Prek Dhy na, A peh Dhy na, deep rooted in spirituality for spiritual health and welfare.
Eight d is of Haribhadra's Yoga
Haribhadra made a very valuable contribution to the comparative study of Yoga. He composed a number of works on the subject [21]. He wrote Yogabindu and Yogad isamuccaya in Sanskrit and Yoga ataka and Yogavim ik in Prak ta. In the Yogad isamuccaya he talks of two types of attitudes towards truth viz. Ogha d i and Yoga d i. Ogha d i is the attitude of the souls, which have not cut the knot of perversion, or ignorance, and Yoga di is the attitude of the spiritually advanced souls. The following table enumerates the comparison of Patanjali's A nga Yoga and Haribhadra's Yoga di [22]
4.
Di Translation Patanjali
Haribhadra
6.
c rya
Century
From Lord Mah vra to c rya Kundakunda
6th C B.C to 1st C.A.D
From crya Kundakunda to c rya Haribhadra 1st C.A.D to 8th C.A.D
From crya Haribhadra to c rya Ya ovijaya
8th C.A.D to 18th C.A.D
From
c rya Ya ovijaya to date
18th C.A.D to date
Vows
Self-control
Posture
Regulation of Breadth
5. Withdrawal of senses
Fixing of Mind
Page 419 of 556
Free from
Yama Mitr Inerita
Niyama Tar - Anxiety sana Bal - Unsteadiness Pr y ma - Dipr - Distraction
Praty h ra - Sthir - Lapse of memory
Accompanied with
Freedom from prejudice Inquisitiveness Love for listening
Attentive hearing
Comprehension
Dh ra - K nt - Attraction for Critical Evaluation something else
STUDY NOTES version 4.0
Light
Straw
Cowdung
Firewood
Lamp
Jewel
Stars