History of Canonical Literature of Jainas

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Prakrit Text Society Ahmedabad

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THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
Lord replied "gas a" (everything is permanent). This final answer solved his doubts, and he could catch the real spirit of Jainism.1 For, all this while the answers had set him thinking, and as if by way of sudden realization, the ideas had rushed past in his mind in the following vein :
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"What can be the distinguishing feature of a substance (dravya)? Well, it must be sat, and what is sat? It is nothing but a simultaneous possession of birth, decay and permanence.2 And what is permanence? It means indestructibility of the essence or quality of the substance, though accidental qualities of this substance can and do undergo a modification."3
This 'realization of facts spurred him on to compose a dvādaśāngī, an act evolving out of the fructification or operation of Gaṇadhara-namakarman.
Before we proceed further and examine the question of other Gaṇadharas composing a dvādaśāngi, we may note that each of the three questions asked by Indrabhūti is styled as nisejjā in Prākṛtas and 1. In this connection I may quote the following lines from Haribhadra Suri's commentary (p. 277a) on Avassaya and its Nijjutti (v. 735) :
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" तत्र गौतमस्वामिना निषद्यात्रयेण चतुर्द्दश पूर्वाणि गृहीतानि । प्रणिपत्य पृच्छा निषद्योच्यते । भगवांश्चाचष्टे - 'उप्पण्णेइ वा विगमे वा धुवे वा' । एता एव तिम्रो निषद्या:, आसामेव सकाशाद् गणभृताम् 'उत्पादव्ययध्रौव्ययुक्तं सत्' इति प्रतीतिरुपजायते, अन्यथा सत्ताऽयोगात् । ततश्च ते पूर्वभवभावितमतयो द्वादशानमुपरचयन्ति ।"
Cf. "y", the 29th sūtra of Tattvärthādhigamasutra (adhyāya V) composed by Umāsväti Vācaka.
" तद्भावाव्ययं नित्यम् ।" Tattvārtha (V, 30)
In Syadvādamuktāvalī (v. 22) Yaśasvatsāgara says:
" उत्पादो न विना व्ययेन, न विना ताभ्यां प्रसाध्या स्थिति:
The Cunni (Pt.I, as under :
सन्त्येते हि परस्परं खलु निजैः पर्यायभावाश्रितैः ।
भिन्नास्त्वेकपदार्थगा अपि मिथो भिन्नस्वभावादितः
सैवेयं त्रिपदी जिनेशगदिता तस्यास्तु वश्यं जगत् ।। २२ ।।
p. 370) on Avassaya and its Nijjutti (v. 735) may be here quoted
"तं कहं गहितं गोयमसामिणा ? तिविहं (? तीहिं) निसेज्जाहिं चोद्दस पुव्वाणि उत्पादिताणि । निसेज्जा णाम पणवतिऊण जा पुच्छा ।"