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THE EXTANT ĀGAMAS OF THE JAINAS by the praise of Lord Mahāvīra whom the author depicts as the standard of righteousness. Then we have later on the wellknown four heresies: ajñānavāda, vinayavāda, akriyāvāda and kriyāvāda. This finishes a rough survey of the 1st suyakkhandha. Turning to the 2nd we find that it has practically the same themes as the 1st; for, it, too, deals with polemics, which give us at least a glimpse of the various religious sects of the olden India. In the end we have disputations of Ardra with Gośāla, a Bauddha, a Vaidika priest, a Vedāntin and a Hastitāpasa, and that of Udaka, a follower of Lord Pārsva with Gautama.
Thus the contents of this 2nd Anga supply a young monk with materials whereby he can fortify himself against the heretical doctrines of alien teachers and preachers, can confirm himself in the right faith and can lead himself to the summum bonum.
Metres—There seems to be no old source which discusses the metres of verses of Āyāra and Sīyagada. As already observed on p. 118 this question has been however handled in modern days. by the late Prof. Jacobi and by the late K. H. Dhruva. The latter observes in Evolution of Gujarati verse (p. 152) as under:
સુત્તકાલના સાંપ્રત વ્યાખ્યાનમાં આધાર તરીકે સ્વીકારેલાં આયાર અને સૂયગડ અંગમાં ચાર જ છંદને પ્રયોગ છે, અનુષ્યભને ત્રિષ્ટભને વૈતાલીય (પ્રા. વેલીય) નો અને ગાથાનુણ્ભી સંસૃષ્ટિ. સૌમાં અધિક પ્રચાર અનુટુભને છે.”
On p. 154 he quotes a verse from Suyagaļa (I, 1, 4, 8 ) and names its metre as Sautta anustubh. Further, on this page he says that in Süyagada, Ārcika tristubh is used 46 times, Traistubhī upajāti 92 times and Indravajrā 25 times. As an illustration of Sautta triştubh he quotes on p. 156 Sūyagada (1, 14, 17), and for that of Vaitālīya, 1, 2, 2, 20 on p. 157. Here he says that in Sūyagada there is not a single verse in Vrddhavaitāliya usually known as Aupacchandasika in prosody. On p. 158 is quoted I, 2, 1, 6 as an illustration of a verse of which the 1st foot is in Vrddhavaitaliya and the rest in Vaitāliya. The metre of which 1 For details see my intro. (pp. 58-62 ) to Tattvārtha (vol. II). For
a discussion in German see F. 0. Schrader's über den stand der Indischen
Philosophie zur Zeit Mahāviras und Buddhas (Strassburg, 1902). 2 See Schools and Sects in Jaina Literature by Mr. Amulya Chandra Sen.
