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v]
THE EXTANT AGAMAS OF THE JAINAS
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diseases (23) such as various kinds of enema, purgatives, vomitings, medicated baths etc., show how far the medical science was " then developed. So far as surgical science is concerned, cutting of veins and skin for making them bleed, deserves to be noted.
Propiation of deities for begetting progeny! (f 138), fanciful longings of women when pregnant ($ 40, 68), throwing of a still-born child on a dung-hill ($ 47) or placing it under a cart ($95) and then bringing it back with the belief that it may thereby live long (§ 47), human sacrifices (S 107) for winning the favour of deities, festivals in honour of Indra and others ($ 11), extremely barbarous and cruel ways of inflicting punishments for theft and adultery ($ 37, 63) and the various instruments etc. used by jailors for inflicting corporal punishments to prisoners ($ 120-121); proficiency of harlots ($ 34), and various preparations of flesh etc. ($ 66, 93, 135, 151) are some of the aspects of the society which are reflected in the narratives given in this Angd.
OVAVĀİYA This work is considered as the 1st Uvanga. Herein are described in full, the city of Campā, the sanctuary of Puņņabhadda and the garden surrounding it, the Asoga tree therein, King Kūņiya alias Bhimbhasāraputta, his queen Dbāriņi and Lord Mahāvira, to name a few out of many. These descriptions are reproduced, indicated by the word vanna or abbreviated by introducing the word jāva, when they are required elsewhere; for, this Uvanga is practically the 1st work codified at the council of Valabbi. Over
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Some females are over-anxious to have a child, Sutta 137 describes their longings which can be compared with Abhijñānaśākuntala (VII, 17). Further, the wording of this sutta is identical with s. 5 of the 8th Anga (IIL, 8). So the description given in s. 137, ought to have been abbreviated by using jāva, and, if, at all, it was to be given in full, it ought to havo bocn so done in s. 40. Siddhascna Gaņi, too, believes so, in case such an inference can be drawn from the following line occurring in his com. (p. 27) on Tattvārtha (VI, 14):
"उपाङ्गानि औपपातिकप्रभृतीन्यङ्गार्थानुवादीनि" In Über ein Fragment der Bhagavati a similar description of Lord Buddha is given by Dr. A. Weber.
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