________________
230
THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
[CHAP..
Ethnology-Several tribes are noted in the Jaina canon. Vide pp. 129, 131 and 140. Characteristics of Arya and Mleccha along with their varieties are noted in Pannavana (I, 37), and 7 varnas and 9 varnāntaras in Ayāranijjutti (v. 18-27). Incidentally it may be mentioned that in Anga VI (s. 18) there is a reference to 18 senippasenis, and in Prameyaratnamañjūṣā (p. 193) 3names of 18 śrenis (guilds ?) are given. Further, several types of hermits are mentioned in Ovavaiya (s. 39) and Pupphiya (pp. 25-26) etc. Several heterodox schools are referred to by Silanka in his com. on Suyagada, and heretical works, in Anuogaddāra and Nandi.
Foot-wear & outfit-Five types of foot-wear to which a Jaina saint may resort to, under extra-ordinary circumstances are mentioned in Ayāras. The out-fit of a Jaina monk and that of a Jaina nun, too, are dealt with in Ohanijjutti etc.
Nautical-In Siddhasena Suri's Cunni (p. 11) on Jiyakappa four types of ships are mentioned." In Anga VI we come across several terms connected with a ship, its movement etc. For instance, in VIII (s. 69 ) we have: संजत्तानावावाणियग, पोतवद्दण, समुद्दवाअ, नाव, कुच्छिधार, कन्नधार, गब्भिज and बंधण In IX (s.80) there are लंबण, कटुकुवर, मेढि, परिमासा, तोरण, झयदंड and वलय and in XVII (s. 132 ) निजामअ and गब्भिलग.
Water-In Ohanijjutti (v. 33) water is said to be of 4 types according as it flows over (i) a stone, (ii) mud which is heel-deep, (iii) sand and (iv) deep mud. In the subsequent verse which really belongs to its Bhasa, water which is as deep as half the
1
In Suyagada (1, 3, 3, 18) a hill-tribe named Tankana is mentioned.
2 For details see my article Ethico-religious classifications of mankind as embodied in the Jaina Canon. It is published in the Annals of B. 0. R. 1. (vol. XV, pts. I-II, pp. 97-108).
3 These names differ from those given in two ways by Virasena in his Dhavala (pt. I, p. 57), a com. on Khandasiddhanta.
4
For details see p. 593 of Padmanandamahākāvya (G. O. S.).
5 See also Haribhadra Suri's com. (p. 25b) on Dasaveyaliya.
6
In Sirisirivälakaha (v. 881-383) names of some of the varieties of ships are given.
