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THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
[CHAP.
kinds', each having 4 varieties. Further this Anga enumerates 6 expedients employed in a hostile debate or debate a l'outrance", and it enumerates 10 defects of a debate. In Dasaveyāliyanijjutti (v. 137) are mentioned 10 members of a syllogism, and in v. 138-148 is given a demonstration of this syllogism as applied to ahimsa.
220
Syadvada-Syadvāda having anekantavada etc., for its synonyms, is a key-note of Jainism. So it is no wonder, if we find several references pertaining to it in the canonical and non-canonical philosophical works of the Jainas. The word aneganta occurs in Mahanisiha as can be seen from its quotation in Upadesaratnakara of Munisundara Suri (B. O. R. I., No. 1263 of 1884-87). The word siya (Sk. syat) is found in Jivajivabhigama (s. 125) and Anuogaddara (s. 142), and the word syadvada occurs in Hemacandra's com. (p. 266) on Anuogaddūra. The origin and usage of syadrada can be traced in Viahapannatti (V, 7, 1) where it is said: "परमाणुपोग्गले णं भंते एयति वेयति जाव तं तं भावं परिणमति ? गोयमा । सिय एयति, वेयति जाव परिणमति, सिय णो एयति जाव णो परिणयति". Another passage occurring in this Anga (s. 318) may be also noted: "star ari fa a fa."
Saptabhangi-We notice the three fundamental bhangas which lead to seven on further investigation, in the following lines of the 5th Anga:
"गोयमा ! अप्पणो आदिट्ठे आया, परस्स आदिट्ठे नो आया, तदुभयस्स आदि अबत्तव्वं आताति य णो आताति य ।"
"6
1 'चउव्विहे णाए पण्णत्ते, तं जहा-आहरणे, आहरणतद्देसे, आहारणतद्दोसे, उवण्णासोवणए" (s. 388 ). Cf. Dasaveyaliyanijjutti (v. 53).
2 “ छव्विहे विवादे पण्णत्ते, तं जहा - ओसक्कतित्ता, उस्सकइत्ता, अणुलोमइत्ता, पडिलोमइत्ता, भत्ता, भेलतित्ता ।" -Thana (VI; s. 512)
3 " दसविहे दोसे पण्णत्ते, तं जहा
तज्जायदोसे, मइभंगदोसे, पसत्थारदोसे, परिहरणदोसे ।
सलक्खण-कारण- हेउदोसे, संकामण, निग्गह वत्थुदोसे ||" (X; s. 748 )
4 "ते उपइन्न विभत्ती हेउ विभत्ती विवक्ख पडिसेहो । दितो आसंका तपडिसेहो निगमणं च ॥ १३७ ॥"
5
In v. 50, a syllogism having 5 members is referred to. These members appear to be the same as bratijñā, hetu, udaharani, upanaya and nigamana mentioned in Gautama's Napasūtra (2, 3, 32)
6
For a tentative list of sources dealing with syadvada see my intro. (pp. xi-xii) to Anekantajayapataka (vol. I) published with two commentaries. (G. O. S.)
7
Cf. "आया पुण सिय णाणे, सिय अन्नाणे" - Anga V ( ? )
