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A.D.). Bhaskara-II (c. 1114-1185 A.D.) etc. nor even by famous Jaina mathematician like Sridhara (c. 799 A.D.), Mahavira (c. 850 A.D.) etc. If it were not so, the knowledge of Jaina logarithms would be transmitted to Europe via Arab and, then, as a result, time and energy of John Napier and Jobst Burgy in discovering logarithms would be saved.
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The new findings on the present subject are, through this paper, as follows:
[a] The multiplication law of indices is the Jaina mode of indicating power of a number.
[b] The mode with the ordinal succession technique is used to express big numbers.
[c] The mode fails to indicate the odd power such as the fifth, seventh, eleventh etc. but the Jaina school of Indian mathematics was in position to evaluate a" where n may be any even or odd integral.
[d] The vargana-samvargana is independent of the mode.
[e] The ancient scholars of the Jaina school of Indian mathematics advanced theory of indices in requisite structure.
[f] They seem pioneers to apply the multiplication law of indices while Archimedes seems pioneer to apply the addition law.
[g] They were fully conversant with the division law of indices.
[h] They began with the 'varga' and 'ghana' to develop theory of indices. Similarly they began with the ardhachheda, vargasalaka, trkachheda and caturthachheda to develop the theory of logarithms. On the other hand, modern theories of indices and logarithms lie in the double series.
[] The difinition of Jaina logarithms is nearly based on index.
The vargasalākā in Jaina theory of logarithms is the counterpart of the ordinal successive squaring in Jaina theory of indices.
[k] The idea of anti-logarithms was in existence in the Jaina school of Indian mathematics.
[I] In the transformation of the laws of indices into the laws of logarithms, India leads Europe by atleast six centuries.
[m] Mediation can be traced in India.
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