Anekantajay patakakhyam Prakaranam Part 2

Author(s): Haribhadrasuri, Munichandrasuri
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

Page 397

266
NOTES
[P. 17, 11, 22-25 :: Empedocles (495 B. C.-435 B. C.), the Atomists and Anaxagoras 6500-B. C.-428 B. C.) declared that absolute clunge was impossible and they concluded in favour of relative change. For, they state: :: SThere are beings or particlos of reality that are pormanent, original, imperishable, underived, and these cannot change into anything else: they are what that they are and must remain so, just as the Eleatic school maintains. Those beings or particles of reality, however, can be combinod and separatod, that is, froin bodies that can again be resolved into their elements. The original bits of reality cannot be created or destroyed or change their nature, but they can change their relations in respect to sach other. And this is what we mean by change. In other words absolute chango is impossible, but relative change is possible.”—Ibid., p. 32
P. 17, 1. 28. The Naiyāyikus are tho followers of the Nyāya school of philosophy, founded by Aksapāda? They are also callod 'Saivas' as they are always devoted to S'iva". Further, tlic word 'yauca' is used in TRD (p. 20a) and Saf (com. on v. 9) for the Muiy yikas. It is used at times in the sense of the Vuis esikus as well. See SM (pp. 143, 148, 173 and 178, Jagadis'acandra's exln.) and "Notes" (P1) 140 and 165) on SM.
The Nyaya school admits sixteen categories:
Pramúna (proof), prameya (object of proof), sans'aya (doubt), prayojona (nim), drolünta (illustration), siddhanta (conclusion ), avayava (member), turkco (hypothesis ), Hanaya (ascertainment), vāla (continued argument), julpt (sophistry), vitanda (wrangling), leteciblasa (fallacy), chalu (quibbling), jūti (far-fetched analogy), and nigrala (opponent's error)
Further, this school adinits four promānus vim. (a) pratyuksti, (b) inference, (C) comparison and (d) agamo.
P. 17, 1. 20. Abhava (non-existence) is of four kinds: (i) prügj. abhārzt ( antecedent non-existence ), (ii) madhvaniscībhovu (subsequent non, existence ), (iii) anyonychlivo (mutual non-existence) and (iv) atyantilbhāva ( absolute nou-existence). Before a thing (say a jar) is produced, there is its non-existence. This non-existeuce is priīgubhūvo. It exists from beginningless time, and it is destroyed as soon as a thing of which it is
1 He is also named as Gautama and his wife as Ahalyā. He is further
referred to as Mahāyoyin'. See Skandapurūna (Kumārīkā-khanda). 2 He is looked upon as the originator and destroyer of the universe,
He is omnipresent, omniscient and eternal. 3 "वस्त्वसकरसिद्धिश्च तत्प्रामाण्यसमाश्रया !
क्षीरे दध्यादि यन्नास्ति प्रागभावः स उच्यते ॥२॥ नास्तिता पयसो दनि प्रध्वंसाभाव इण्यते। गषि योऽश्वाघभावस्तु सोऽन्योम्याभाव उच्यते ॥ ३ ।। शिरसोऽवयवा निम्ना वृद्धिकाठिन्यवर्जिताः। 1IZFIRST HISZETT Joli XI?"
--Mimänsāślokavārtika (abhāva prämăgyaväda, pp. 473-474)