Suvarnabhumi me Kalakacharya

Author(s): Umakant P Shah
Publisher: Jain Sanskruti Sanshodhan Mandal Banaras
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002101/1

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3025 | suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya lekhaka DA0 umAkAnta zAha em. e., pI-ec. DI. DepyUTI DAyarekTara, orieNTala insTITyUTa ma. sa. yUnivarsiTI, barodA / SHETICS akRtisaMzodhana namaDala jaina saMjali balaugamiAmA gamiA mAgha jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala banArasa 5. Jain Education internet

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sanmati prakAzana na013 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya tApattana nA mA04 lekhaka DA. umAkAnta zAha em. e., pI-ec. DI. DepyUTI DAyarekTara, orieNTala insTITyUTa ma. sa. yUnivarsiTI, brodaa|| milati razodhana gAjala 6 ASjaina saMskRti BB salaugammimA jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala banArasa 5. I0 1656] [eka rupayA

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nivedana zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ne prAcArya, zrI vijayavallabha sUri smArakagrantha kA prakAzana kucha mAsa pahale kiyA hai| usameM prastuta lekha 'suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcAryaH mudrita huA hai| usI ko pustikA rUpa meM maNDala prakAzita kara rahA hai| anumati dene ke lie prakAzakoM kA aura lekhaka DA0 umAkAnta zAha kA maMDala aAbhArI hai / DA. umAkAnta maNDala ke sadasyoM ke liye nae nahIM haiN| unhIM kI pustaka Studies in Jain Art itaH pUrva maNDalane prakAzita kI hai / usakA jo satkAra vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai usase maNDala gauravAnvita hai / prastuta pustikA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jainAcArya bhArata ke bAhara jAte the bhArata ke bAhara bhI jainadharma kA pracAra karate the ; prAcArya kAlaka suvarNabhUmi meM gae haiM ; barmA, malaya dvIpakalpa, sumAtrA aura malaya dvIpa samUha ke lie suvarNabhUmi zabda pracalita thA ; ataeva una pradezoM meM unakA vihAra huA itanA hI nahIM kintu anAma (campA) taka zrAcArya kAlakane vicaraNa kiyA- ityAdi mukhya sthApanAe~ sapramANa sarvaprathama yahA~ DA0 umAkAnta ne kI haiN| sAtha hI kAlaka kA samaya, kAlakAcAryoM ke kathAnakoM kA vizleSaNa kara ke kauna sI ghaTanAe~ suvarNabhUmi jAne vAle kAlaka ke jIvana se sambaddha haiM ityAdi anya gauNa bAtoM kA bhI nirUpaNa eka saMzodhaka kI dRSTi se DA0 umAkAnta ne kiyA hai aura vidvAnoM ko prArthanA kI hai ki isa saMzodhana ke prakAza meM ve gardabha, gardabhilla, vikramAditya Adi ke kUTa praznoM ke nirAkaraNa DhU~r3hane kA prayatna kreN| prastuta pustikA meM presa kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa pRSTha saMkhyAMka galata chapa gaye haiN| pR08 ke bAda 17 se 32 ke sthAna meM 8 se 24 pddh'eN| prastuta patrikA ke prakAzana meM zrI kAMtilAla korA, rajisTrAra zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ne jo presa, kAgaja Adi kA prabandha kara dene kA prayatna kiyA hai usake lie hama unake zrAbhArI haiN| banArasa 06-6-56 nivedaka -- dalasukha mAlavaNiyA mantrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala prakAzaka dalasukha mAlavaNiyA maMtrI na saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala banArasa 5. . mudraka vi0 pI0 bhAgavata mauja prinTiMga byUro khaTAU bAr3I, bambaI 4.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya __ zrI. saGghadAsa gaNi kSamAzramaNakRta bRhatkalpabhASya' (vibhAga 1, pR. 73-74) meM nimnalikhita gAthA hai: sAgariyamappAhaNa, suvanna suyasissa khNtlkkhenn| kahaNA sissAgamaNaM, dhUlI puMjovamANaM ca // 236 / / isa gAthA kI TIkA meM zrImalayagiri (vi0 saM0 1200 aAsapAsa) ne kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmi meM jAne kI hakIkata vistAra se batalAI hai jisakA sArAMza yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| ___ ujjayinI nagarI meM sUtrArtha ke jJAtA Arya kAlaka nAma ke prAcArya bar3e parivAra ke sAtha vicarate the| inhIM Arya kAlaka kA praziSya, sUtrArtha ko jAnanevAlA sAgara (saMjJaka) zramaNa suvarNabhUmi meM vihAra kara rahA thaa| Arya kAlaka ne socA, mere ye ziSya jaba anuyoga ko sunate nahIM taba maiM kaise inake bIca meM sthira raha sakU~ ? isase to yaha acchA hogA ki maiM vahA~ jAU~ jahA~ anuyoga kA pracAra kara sakU~, aura mere ye ziSya bhI piche se lajjita ho kara soca samajha paaeNge| aisA khayAla kara ke unhoMne zayyAtara ko kahA : maiM kisI taraha (ajJAta raha kara) anyatra jaauuN| jaba mere ziSya loga mere gamana ko suneMge taba tuma se pRcchA kreNge| magara, tuma inako kahanA nahIM aura jaba jyAdA taMga kareM taba tiraskArapUrvaka batAnA ki (tuma logoM se nirveda pA kara) suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara (zramaNa) kI ora gaye haiN| aisA zayyAtara ko samajhAkara rAtri ko jaba saba soye hue the taba ve (vihAra kara ke) suvarNabhUmi ko gye| vahA~ jA kara unhoMne svayaM 'khaMta' matalaba ki vRddha (sAdhu) haiM aisA bola kara sAgara ke gaccha meM praveza paayaa| taba yaha vRddha (ati vRddha-matalaba ki . aba jIrNa aura asamartha-nAkAmIyAba hote jAte) haiM aise khayAla se sAgara prAcArya ne unakA abhyutthAna Adi se sanmAna nahIM kiyaa| phira attha-pauruSI (vyAkhyAna) ke samaya para (vyAkhyAna ke bAda) sAgara ne unase kahA : he vRddha ! Apako yaha (pravacana) pasaMda AyA ? prAcArya (kAlaka) bole : hA~! sAgara bolA : taba avazya vyAkhyAna ko sunate raho / aisA kaha kara garvapUrvaka sAgara sunAte rhe| aba dUsare ziSyaloga (ujjaina meM) prabhAta hone para prAcArya ko na dekhakara sambhrAnta ho kara sarvatra DhU~Dhate hue zayyAtara ko pUchane lage magara usane kucha batAyA nahIM aura bolA : jaba Apa logoM ko svayaM prAcArya kahate nahIM taba mere ko kaise kahate ? phira jaba ziSyagaNa aAtura ho kara bahuta Agraha karane lagA taba zara tiraskArapUrvaka bolA : zrApa logoM se nirveda pA kara suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara zramaNa ke pAsa cale gaye haiN| phira ve saba suvarNabhUmi meM jAne ke lie nikala pdd'e| rAste meM loga pUchate ki yaha kaunase prAcArya vihAra kara rahe haiM ? taba ve batAte the : Arya kAlaka / aba idhara suvarNabhUmi meM logoM ne batalAyA ki Arya kAlaka nAma ke bahuzruta prAcArya bahu parivAra sahita yahA~ Ane ke khayAla se rAste meM haiN| isa bAta ko sunakara sAgara ne apane ziSyoM ko kahA : mere Arya A rahe haiN| maiM inase padArthoM ke viSaya meM pRcchA ka kruuNgaa| thor3e hI samaya ke bAda ve ziSya A gye| ve pUchane lage : kyA yahA~ para prAcArya padhAre haiM ? uttara 1. muni zrIpuNyavijayajI-saMpAdita, " niyukti-laghubhASya-vRttyupetaM-bRhatkalpasUtram" vibhAga 1 se 3, prakAzaka, zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya milA : nahIM magara dUsare vRddha Aye haiN| pRcchA huI : kaise haiM ? (phira vRddha ko dekha kara) yahI prAcArya haiM aisA kaha kara unako vandana kiyaa| taba sAgara bar3e lajjita hue aura socane lage ki maiMne bahuta pralApa kiyA aura kSamAzramaNajI (Arya kAlaka) se merI vandanA bhI krvaaii| isa lie "zrApakA maiMne anAdara kiyA" aisA kaha kara aparAhavelA ke samaya " mithyA duSkRtaM me" aise nivedanapUrvaka kSamAyAcanA kii| phira vaha prAcArya ko pUchane lagA : he kSamAzramaNa ! maiM kaisA vyAkhyAna karatA hU~ ? prAcArya bole : sundara, kintu garva mata kro| phira unhoMne dhUli-puJja kA dRSTAnta diyaa| hAtha meM dhUli lekara eka sthAna para rakha kara phira uThA kara dUsare sthAna para rakha diyA, phira uThA kara tIsare sthAna pr| aura phira bole ki jisa taraha yaha dhUlipuJja eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna rakkhA jAtA huA kucha padArthoM (aMza) ko chor3atA jAtA hai, isI taraha tIrthaGkaroM se gaNadharoM aura gaNadharoM se hamAre prAcArya taka, prAcArya-upAdhyAyoM kI paramparA meM Aye hue zruta meM se kauna jAna sakatA hai ki kitane aMza bIca meM galita ho gaye ? isa lie tuma (sarvajJatA kA--zruta ke pUrNa vijJAtA hone kA) garva mata kro| phira jinase sAgara ne "mithyA duSkRta" pAyA hai aura jinhoMne sAgara se vinaya abhivAdana ityAdi pAyA hai aise Arya kAlaka ne ziSya-praziSyoM ko anuyogajJAna diyaa| malayagirijI kA diyA huaA yaha vRttAnta nigadhAra nahIM hai| pahale to unake sAmane paramparA hai; aura dUsarA yaha sArA vRttAnta malayagirijI ne prAcIna bRhatkalpa-cUrNi se prAyaH zabdazaH uddhRta kiyA hai| sUtra ke bAda niyukti, tadanantara bhASya aura tadanantara cUrNi kI racanA huii| phira eka aura mahattvapUrNa AdhAra uttarAdhyayana-niyukti kA bhI hai jisa meM suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara ke pAsa kAlakacArya ke jAne kA ullekha hai-"ujjeNi kAlakhamaNA sAgarakhamaNA suvarNabhUmIe" (uttarAdhyayana-niyukti, gAthA 120). uttarAdhyayana cUrNi meM yahI vRttAnta milatA hai| 2 khuda bRhatkalpa-bhASya meM kAlaka-sAgara aura kAlaka-gardabhilla kA nirdeza to hai kintu upalabdha grantha meM niyukti aura bhASya gAthAtroM ke mila jAne se isa bAta kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jAtA ki uparyukta gAthA niyukti-gAthA hai yA bhaassy-gaathaa| agara niyukti-gAthA hai taba to yaha vRttAnta kucha jyAdA prAcIna hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI sAkSI bhI yahI sUcana karatI hai| yaha eka mahattvapUrNa ullekha hai jisa kI ora ucita dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| pahile to bhArata kI sImA se bAhira, anya dezoM meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kA prAcIna vizvasanIya yaha pahalA nirdeza hai| bRhatkalpabhASya IsA kI 6 vIM sadI se arvAcIna nahIM hai yaha sarvamAnya hai| aura dUsarA yaha ki agara yaha vRttAnta unhI Arya kAlaka kA hai jinakA gardabhilloM aura kAlaka vAlI kathA se sambandha hai taba suvarNabhUmi meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kI tavArikha hameM milatI hai| kAlaka aura gardabhilloM kI kathA kama se kama cUrNi-granthoM se prAcIna to hai hI, kyoM ki dazAcUrNi aura nizItha-cUrNi meM aise nirdeza hameM milate haiN| aura isI bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhI nimnalikhita gAthA hai jisakA hameM khayAla karanA cAhiye . 2. uttarAdhyayana-cUrNi (ratalAma se prakAzita), pR0 83-84, - 3. kAlakAcArya kathA (prakAzaka, zrI. sArAbhAI navAba, ahamadAbAda) pR0 1-2 meM nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza se uddhRta prasaMga. dazAcUrNi, vyavahAra-cUrNi aura bRhatkalpacUrNi meM se kAlaka-viSayaka avataraNoM ke lie dekho, vahI, pR. 4-5. . vahI, pR0 36-38 meM bhadrezvarakRta kahAvalI meM se kAlaka-viSayaka ullekhoM ke avataraNa hai| kahAvalI vi0 saM0 100-850 kI racanA hai| isa viSaya meM dekho, zrI umAkAnta zAha kA lekha, jaina satya-prakAza, (ahamadAbAda) varSa 17, aMka 4, jAnyuArI 1952, pR0 86 se Age.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya vijsA aorassabalI, teyasaladdhI sahAyaladdhI vaa| uppAdeuM sAsati, atipaMtaM kAlakajjo vA // 5563 // -bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 5, pR. 1480..... . uparyukta bhASya-gAthA kAlakAcArya ne vidyA-jJAna se gardabhilla kA nAza karavAyA isa bAta kI sUcaka hai aura TIkA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai / bRhatkalpabhASya-gAthA I0 sa0 500 se I0 sa0 600 ke bIca meM racI huI mAlUma hotI hai| aura jaina paramparA ke anusAra kAlaka aura gardabha kA prasaMga I0 pU0 sa0 74-60 aAsapAsa huaA mAnA jAtA hai| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki sAgarazramaNa ke dAdAguru Arya kAlaka aura gardabhilla-vinAzaka Arya kAlaka eka haiM yA bhinna / bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ina donoM vRttAntoM kI sUcaka gAthAoM meM do alaga alaga kAlaka hone kA koI nirdeza nahIM dete| agara donoM vRttAnta bhinna bhinna kAlakaparaka hote to aise samartha prAcIna granthakAra jurUra isa bAta ko btlaate| TIkAkAra yA cUrNikAra bhI aisA kucha batalAte nhiiN| aura na aisA nizIthacUrNikAra yA kisI anya cUrNikAra yA bhASyakAra batalAte haiN| kyoM ki inako to sandeha utpanna hI na huaA ki sAgara ke dAdAguru kAlaka gardabhavinAzaka Arya kAlaka se bhinna haiM jaisA ki hamAre samakAlIna paNDitoM kA anumAna hai| bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi meM milatI kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmi-gamana vAlI kathA meM kAlaka ke 'anuyoga' ko ujjainavAle ziSya sunate nahIM the aisA kathana hai / aAkhira meM suvarNabhUmi meM bhI kAlaka ne ziSya-praziSyoM ko anuyoga kA kathana kiyA aisA bhI isa vRttAnta meM batAyA gayA hai| yahAM kAlaka ke race hue anuyoga-granthoM kA nirdeza hai| 'anuyoga' zabda se sirpha 'vyAkhyAna' yA 'upadeza' artha lenA ThIka nahIM / vyAkhyAna karanA yA upadeza denA to hareka guru kA kartavya hai aura vaha ve karate haiM aura ziSya una vyAkhyAnoM ko sunate bhI haiM / yahA~ kyoM ki kAlaka kI naI grantharacanA thI isI lie purAne khayAlavAle ziSyoM meM kucha azraddhA thii| cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra ne ThIka samajha kara anuyoga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| __hama Age dekheMge ki kAlaka ne lokAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA kI thI aisA paJcakalpabhASya kA kathana hai| isI paJcakalpabhASya kA spaSTa kathana hai ki anuyogakAra kAlaka ne AjIvikoM se nimittajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| isa taraha suvarNabhUmi jAne vAle kAlaka paJcakalpanirdiSTa anuyogakAra kAlaka hI haiM aura ve nimittajJAnI bhI the| gardabha-vinAzaka kAlaka bhI nimittajJAnI the aisA nizIthacUrNigata vRttAnta se spaSTatayA phalita hotA hai| isa taraha nimittajJAnI anuyogakAra Arya kAlaka aura nimittajJAnI gardabha-vinAzaka Arya kAlaka bhinna nahIM kintu ekahI vyakti honA cAhiye kyoM ki donoM vRttAntoM ke nAyaka Arya kAlaka nAmaka vyakti haiM aura nimittajJAnI haiN| pahale hama kaha cuke haiM ki prAcIna granthakAroM ne do --- 4.. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekho munizrI puNyavijayajI likhita prastAvanA, bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 6, pR0 20-23. 5. dekho-" tAhe ajjakAlayA ciMteM ti-ee mama sIsA anuprogaM na saNaMti xxxxx" aura, " tAhe micchA dukkaDaM karittA pADhattA ajjakAliyA sIsapasIsANa aNuyogaM kaheuM / "--bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 1, pR0 73-74. 6. dekho, nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza meM kAlaka-vRttAnta-"tattha ego sAhi ti rAyA bhaeNatti / taM samalINo NimittAdiehiM aautti"|-nvaab prakAzita, kAlikAcArya kathA, saMdarbha 1, pR0 1. .. . .

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya alaga alaga Arya kAlaka hone kA koI IzArA bhI nahIM diyaa| yahI kAlaka jo zaka-kula pArasakula taka gaye vahI kAlaka suvarNabhUmi taka bhI jA sakate haiN| kAlakAcArya kA yaha viziSTa vyaktitva thaa| hama Age dekheMge ki isa kAlaka kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva kI pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdI thaa| usa samaya meM bhArata ke suvarNabhUmi aura dakSiNa-cIna ityAdi dezoM se sambandha ke thoDe ullekha milate haiM magara kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana vAle vRttAnta kI mahattA aAja taka vidvAnoM ke sAmane nahIM peza huii| grIka lekhaka TaoNlemI aura periplasa oNpha dha irithrIana sI ke ullekha se, jaina grantha vasudeva-hiNDi meM cArudatta ke suvarNabhUmigamana ke ullekha se, aura mahAniddesa ityAdi ke ullekha se yaha bAta nizcita ho cUkI hai ki IsA kI pahilI dUsarI zatAbdiyoM meM bhArata kA pUrva ke pradezoM (jaise ki dakSiNa cIna, siyAma, hindI cIna, barmA, kamboDiyA, malAyA, jAvA, sumAtrA aAdi pradezoM) se ghaniSTha vyApArI sambandha thaa| cArudatta kI kathA kA mUla hai guNADhya kI aprApya bRhatkathA jisakA samaya yahI mAnA jAtA hai| bahuta sambhavita hai ki isase pahile arthAt I0 sa0 pUrva kI pahilI dUsarI zatAbdI meM bhI bhArata kA suvarNabhUmi se sambandha zurU ho cUkA thaa| bakTriyA meM I0 sa0 pUrva 126 aAsapAsa pahuMce huve cInI rAjadUta cAMga kIyena (Chang Kien) kI gavAhI milI hai ki dakSiNa-pazcima cIna kI banI huI bAMsa aura rUI kI cIjeM hindI sArthavAhoM ne sAre uttarI bhArata aura aphaghAnistAna ke rAste se le jA kara baeNkTriyA meM becI thii| kAlakAcArya aura sAgarazramaNa ke suvarNabhUmi-gamana kA vRttAnta hamAre rASTrIya itihAsa meM aura jainadharma ke itihAsa meM eka mahattvapUrNa sAhityika nirdeza hai| sumAtrA ke naz2adIka meM vaMkA nAmaka khAr3I hai| DaoN0 motIcandrajI ne batAyA hai ki mahAniddesa meM ullikhita vaMkam yA baMkam yahI vaMkA khAr3I kA pradeza hai| hameM eka atIva sUcaka nirdeza milatA hai jisakA mahattva bRhatkalpabhASya ke uparyukta ullekha ke sahAre se bar3ha jAtA hai| saba ko mAlUma hai ki Arya kAlaka nimittajJa aura mantravidyA ke jJAtA the| zrAjIvikoM se inhoM ne nimittazAstra-jyotiSa kA jJAna pAyA thA aise paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ke ullekha hama Age dekheNge| khAsa taura para dIkSA-pravrajyA dene ke muhUrta viSaya meM inhoMne zrAjIvikoM se zikSA pAI thii| aba hama dekhate haiM ki varAhamihira ke bRhajjAtaka ke TIkAkAra utpalabhaTTa (I0 sa0 6 vIM zatAbdI) ne eka jagaha TIkA meM vakAlakAcArya ke pravrajyA-viSayaka prAkRtabhASA ke vidhAna kA sahArA diyA hai aura mUla gAthAyeM bhI apanI TIkA meM avatArita kI hai| vaha vidhAna nimnalikhita zabdoM meM hai: "ete vakAlakamatAd vyAkhyAtAH / tathA ca vaGkAlakAcAryaH tAvasio diNaNAhe cande kAvAlizro tahA bhnniyo| rattavaDo bhumisuve somasuve eadaMDIyA // devagurusukkakoNe kameNa ji-cra-khmnnaaii| asyArthaH tAvasino tApasikaH diNaNAhe dinanAthe sUrye cande candre kAvAlizro kApAlikaH tahA bhaNiyo tathA bhnnitH| rattavaDo rktpttH| bhumisuve bhUmisute somasuve somasute budhe eadaMDIzrA ekdnnddii|...kmenn 7. DaoN. pI0 sI0 bAgacI, inDiyA aeNnDa cAinA (dvitIya saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1950), pR0 5-6, 1617, 16-27. 8. kalpanA, pharavarI, 1652, pR0 118. ... . mahAmahopAdhyAya pAM0 vA. kANe, varAhamihira enDa utpala, jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe brAnca oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTi, 1948-46, pR0 27 se aage|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya krameNa jaI yatiH cara carakaH khavaNAI ksspnnkH| atra vRddhazrAvakagrahaNaM mAhezvarAzritAnAM prvrjyaanaamuplkssnnaarth| AjIvikagrahaNaM ca nArAyaNAzritAnAm / tathA ca vakAla ke saMhitAntare paThyate jalaNa-hara-sugaa kesava sUI bahmaNNa Nagga maggesu / dikkhANaM NAavvA sUrAiggahA kameNa nnaahgyaa| jalaNa jvalanaH sAgnika ityrthH| hara IzvarabhaktaH bhaTTArakaH sugaa sugata bauddha ityrthH| kesava kesavabhakta bhAgavata ityarthaH / sUI zrutimArgagataH mImAMsakaH / brahmaNNa brahmabhaktaH vaanprsthH| Nagya nn-ksspnnkH|xxxx'' varAhamihira ne apane bRhajAtaka, 15.1 meM pravrajyA ke viSaya meM jo vidhAna diyA hai vaha utpala bhaTTa ke kathana ke anusAra vaGkAlaka ke matAnusAra varAhamihira ne diyA hai| usI bAta ke spaSTIkaraNa meM utpalabhaTTa vaGkAlaka kI prAkRta gAthAyeM uddhata karate haiN| yahA~ vakAlakAcArya (vaGkAlakAcArya) aisA pATha hone se isa prAkRtavidhAna (gAthAyeM) ke kartA ke jaina Arya kAlaka hone ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM saMdeha rahA hai| mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI pAM0 vA0 kANe ne yaha anumAna kiyA hai ki vaMkAlakAcArya kA kAlakAcArya honA sambhavita hai|" hama dekhate haiM ki kAlakAcArya aura inake praziSya suvarNabhUmi gaye the| suvarNabhUmi se yahA~ vastutaH kisa pUrvI pradeza kA ullekha hai yaha to pUrA nizcita nahIM hai kintu, vidvAnoM kA khayAla hai ki dakSiNa barmA se lekara malAyA aura samAtrA ke anta taka kA pradeza sUvarNabhUmi bolA jAtA thA (dekho. DaoN0 motIcanda kata. sArthavAha, nakazA) jisameM "kam" yA vaMkA kI khAr3I bhI A jAtI hai| paoNlemabeMga ke isTuarI kesAmane vaMkA dvIpa hai| vaMkA kA jalaDamarumadhya malAyA aura jAvA ke bIca kA sAdhAraNapatha hai| DaoN. motIcandrajI likhate haiM : baMkA kI rA~ge kI khadAneM mazahUra thiiN| saMskRta meM ba~ga ke mAne rA~gA hotA hai aura sambhava hai ki isa dhAtu kA nAma usake udgamasthAna para se par3A ho|2 utpala-TIkA kI hastapratoM kA pATha--'vaGkAlakAcArya' aura 'vaGkAlaka-saMhitA' una AcArya kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai jo suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the aura jinake praziSya sAgarazramaNa saparivAra suvarNabhUmi meM (isa meM "vaGkA"zrA jAtA hai) rahate the| sambhava hai yehI AcArya kAlaka ke alAvA "vakAlaka" yA "bakA-kAlaka" nAma se bhI pichAne jAte hoN| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zuddha pATha kAlakAcArya aura kAlaka-saMhitA ho kintu kAlaka ke vaGkA-gamana kI smRti meM pATha meM azuddhi ho gaI ho| utpalabhaTTa kA kahanA hai ki varAhamihira ne pravrajyA ke viSaya meM (bRhajjAtaka, 15.1) vakAlakAcArya (kAlakAcArya) ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi gavAhI dete haiM ki kAlakAcArya ne usI pravrajyA ke viSaya kA zrAjIvakoM se savizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| ataH utpala-TIkA ke vakAlakAcArya kAlakAcArya haiM aisA mAnanA samucita hai| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdi AsapAsa racI huI paJcakalpa-cUrNi meM likhA hai-3 logANunoge, ajakAlagA sajjaitavAsiNA bhaNiyA ettiy| so na nAno muhutto jattha 10. bRhajjAtaka (veGkaTeza presa, bambaI, saM. 1680) utpalakRta TIkA saha, pR0 156 11. dekho, mahA. pAM. vA. kANe, varAhamihira enDa utpala, jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe bAnca oNpha dha Ara0e0 esa0 1648-46 1027 se Age.. 12. DaoN. motIcandra, sArthavAha, pR0 130-131, 134. 13. zrI AtmArAmajI jaina jJAnamaMdira, baDaudA, pravartaka zrI kAntivijayajI zAstrasaGgraha, hastalikhita prati naM. 1284, patra 26 se uddhata.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya pavyAvizro thiro hojaa| teNa nivveeNaM AjIvagapAse nimittaM paDhiyaM / pacchA paihANe ThioM sAyavAhaNeNa rannA tinni pucchAtro mAmagA sayasahasseNa-egA pasuliMDiyA ko vlei| biiyA samudra kettiyaM udayaM / pratyayAtphalaM pucchai-mahurA kiccireNaM paDai na vaa| paDhamAe kaDagaM lakkhamullaM / bii[ya-taiyAe kuMDalAI / AyarieNa bhaNiyaM--"alAhi mama eeNa / " kiM puNa nimittassa uvayAro em| zrAjIvagA ubahiyA-amha esa gurudakkhiNAe / pacchA teNa sutte NDe gaMDiyAsuyogA kyaa| pATaliputte saMghamajjhe bhaNaI-mae kiMci kayaM taM nisAmeha / tattha payaTTiyaM / saMgahaNIo vi Na kappaTTiyAeM appadha NANaM ubaggahakarANi bhavaMti / paDhamANuyogamAI vi teNa kayA / . uparyukta cUrNi kA sArAMza yaha hai ki, apane medhAvI ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira na rahane se, unake sahAdhyAyI ne jatra Arya kAlaka ko yaha mArmika bacana sunAyA ki Apane aisA muhUrta nikAlanA nahIM sIkhA jisameM pravAjita ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira rahe taba kAlakAcArya AjIvikoM ke pAsa gaye aura unase nimittazAstra pddh'aa| piche pratiSThAnapura gaye jahA~ sAtavAhana rAjA ne unako tIna prazna pUche aura hareka prazna kA ThIka uttara hone para eka eka lakSa (suvarNamUlya) dene ko khaa| pahale prazna kA uttara milane se lakSamUlya apanA kaTaka diyA / dUsare aura tisare prazna ke uttara milane para apanA eka eka kuMDala diyaa| sAtavAhana ko pahale do prazna ke uttara milane se jo pratIti huI isase usane tIsarA prazna yaha kiyA ki mathurA kaba (kitane samaya ke bAda) par3egI aura par3egI yA nahIM ? yaha tIsare praznavAlI hakIkata savizeSa mahattva kI hai jisake bAre meM Age vicAra hogaa| .. kaTaka aura kuMDala ko dekha kara kAlakAcArya ne kahA ki unako ina cIjoM kI jarUrata nahIM (unako to agrAhya thiiN)| itane meM (kAlakAcArya ko nimittajJAna denevAle) zrAjIvika A pahu~ce aura alaGkAroM ko dekhakara bole-(hameM gurudakSiNA abhI taka milI nahIM) yahI hamArI gurudakSiNA (hogii)| piche kAlakAcArya ne gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA kI aura pATaliputra meM saGgha ke samakSa nivedana kiyA : maiMne kucha racanAyeM kI haiM, Apa inako suniye| sunakara saGghane isa racanA ko mAnya kiyaa| kAlakAcArya ne alpadhAraNAzaktivAle bAlakoM (bAlakatulyoM) ke lie saMgrahaNIyA~ (saMgrahaNI-gAthAyeM) banAI ve upakAraka huI ! unhoMne prathamAnuyoga bhI bnaayaa| - paJcakalpacUrNi kA kAlakaparaka vRttAnta kucha vistArapUrvaka paJcakalpabhASya meM pAyA jAtA hai| vastutaH saGghadAsa gaNikRta paJcakalpabhASya paJcakalpacUrNi se prAcIna hai aura I0 sa0 kI 6 vIM sadI meM banA huA hai| paJcakalpabhASya kI prastuta gAthAyeM nimnalikhita haiM mehAvIsIsammI, aohAtie kAlagaja therANaM / sajjhatieNa aha so, khrisaMteNaM imaM bhnniyo|| atibahutaM te'dhItaM, Na ya NAto tAriso mahutto u| jattha thiro hoi seho, nikkhaMto aho! hu boddhavvaM / / to eva sa aomatthaM, bhaNiyo aha gaMtu so patihANaM / AjIvisagAsammI, sikkhati tAhe nimittaM tu // aha tammi ahIyammI, vaDahe? niviThaka'nnayakayAti / sAlAhaNo NariMdo, pucchatimA tiriNa pucchaatro|| pasuliMDi paDhamayAe, bitiya samudde va kettiyaM udayaM / tatiyAe pucchAe, mahurA ya paDejja va vatti //

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya paDhamAe va se kaDagaM, dei mahaM sayasahassamullaM tu| bitiyAe kuMDalaM tU, tatiyAe vi kuMDalaM bitiyaM / / AjIvitA uvahita, gurudakkhieNaM tu eya ahaM ti / tehiM tayaM tu gahitaM, iyarocitakAlakajja tu / / Nahammi u suttammI, atthammi aNaDhe tAhe so kunni|. logaNujogaM ca tahA, paDhamaNujogaM ca do'vee| bahuhA Nimitta tahiyaM, paDhamaNuproge ya haoNti cariyAI / jiNa-caki-dasArANaM, puvabhavAiM NibaddhAI // te kAUNaM to so, pADaliputte uvahito saMgha / bei kataM me kiMcI, aNuggahahAe taM suNaha / / to saMgheNa NisaMtaM, soUNa ya se paDijchitaM taM tu / to taM patihitaM tU, NagarammI kusumaNAmammi // emAdINaM karaNaM, gahaNA NijjUhaNA pakappo u| saMgahaNINa ya karaNaM, appAhArANa u pakappo / ' 4 pahale paJcakalpacUrNi kA batAyA huyA vRttAnta yahA~ para hai, aura yaha bhASyagata vRttAnta hI cUNi kA mUla hai| bhASyagAthA meM spaSTIkaraNa hai ki nimitta sikhane ke lie kAlakAcArya pratiSThAna nagara ko gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne AjIvikoM se nimitta pddh'aa| par3hane ke bAda kisI samaya ve vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce sthita the jahA~ 'sAlAharaNanarinda' jA pahu~cA aura kAlaka se tIna prazna puuche| prazna aura gurudakSiNA vAlI bAta donoM granthoM meM samAna hai kintu bhASya meM aAge kI bAteM kucha vistAra se haiN| bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki isa prasaGga ke bAda kAlakAcArya apane ucitakArya meM-dharmakArya meM dharmAcaraNa meN-lge| sUtra naSTa hone se aura artha anaSTa hone se (matalaba ki sUtra durlabha ho gaye the kintu pratipAdya viSaya kA arthajJAna zeSa thaa|) inhone lokAnuyoga aura prathamAnuyoga ina donoM zAstroM kI racanA kii| lokAnuyoga meM nimittajJAna thA, aura prathamAnuyoga meM jina, cakravartI, dazAra ityAdi ke caritra the| isa racanA ke bAda ve pATaliputra meM saGgha ke samakSa upasthita hue aura apanI grantharacanA sunane kI vijJapti kii| granthoM ko sunakara inako saGghane pramANita-kiye-mAnya rkkhe| ve zAstragrantha mAne gye| ina saba kA karanA, niyUhana karanA ityAdi ko jaina paribhASA meM prakalpa' kahate haiN| aura saGkahaNI ityAdi kI racanA bhI prakalpa bolI jAtI hai| . . ... isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki Arya kAlaka nimittazAstra ke bar3e paNDita the aura pravrajyA ke viSaya meM (nimittazAstra kA) inhoMne AjIvikoM se savizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| ve bar3e granthakartA the jinhoMne prathamAnuyoga, lokAnuyoga ityAdi kI racanA kii| isa lokAnuyoga meM nimittazAstra aAtA hai| ataH kyoM ki pravrajyA ke viSaya meM hI varAhamihira vaGkAlaka ke mata kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura usI viSaya kI unakI racI huI gAthAyeM utpala bhaTTa ne uddhRta kI haiM / hameM vizvAsa hotA hai ki 'bAlaka' se Arya kAlaka hI uddiSTa haiN| hameM yaha bhI khayAla rakhanA cAhiye ki utpalabhaTTa ne avatArita kI huI gAthAyeM usI prAkRta meM haiM jisameM jainazAstra race gaye haiN| isa carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki Arya kAlaka, anuyoga-kAra kAlaka, nimittavettA kAlaka :::::14. pasnakalpabhASya, munizrI haMsavijayajI zAstrasaMgraha (zrI AtmArAmajI jaina zAnamandira, baDodA), hastalikhita prati naM. 1673, patra 50.

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muvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya aitihAsika vyakti the, unakI racanAyeM varAhamihira ne dekhI thIM aura I0 sa0 kI 6 vIM zatAbdI meM utpalabhaTTa ke sAmane bhI kAlaka kI racanAyeM yA inakA aMza maujUda thaa| yaha kAlaka varAhamihira ke vRddhasamakAlIna yA pUrvavartI hoNge| anuyoga ke cAra vibhAga karane vAle AryarakSita15 se Arya kAlaka pUrvavartI hone caahiye| Arya rakSita kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke anta meM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH kAlakAcArya varAhamihira ke pUrvavartI haiN| varAhamihira kA samaya zaka saMvat 427 yA I0 sa0 505 aAsapAsa mAnA gayA hai| isa samaya ke AsapAsa kAlaka zakoM ko bhArata meM lAye aisA ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki IsA kI pahalI sadI meM bhArata meM zaka jurUra base hue the aura jagaha jagaha para unakA zAsana bhI thaa| ataH Arya kAlaka varAhamihira ke pUrvavartI hI the| hama dekha cuke haiM ki anuyogakAra nimittajJa kAlaka aura gardabhilla-vinAzaka nimittajJa kAlaka eka hI haiM aura vahI suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the| DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra likhate haiM : "An Annamite text gives some particulars of an Indian named Khauda-la. He was born in a Brahmana family of Western India and was well-versed in magical art. He went to Tonkin by sea, probably about the same time as Jivaka..........He lived in caves or under trees, and was also known as Ca-la-cha-la (Kalacharya-black preceptor ?)"17 - isakA matalaba yaha hai ki anAma-campA ke kisI grantha meM likhA hai ki pazcimI bhArata kI brAhmaNa jAti kA koI khaUda-la nAmaka vyakti vahA~ gayA thA aura vahA~se dariyAI rAste Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna) gaya thaa| yaha vyakti jAda-guhyavidyA-mantravidyA meM nipuNa thaa| per3oM ki chA~ya meM yA to guphAoM meM vaha puruSa nivAsa karatA thA aura usako kAlAcArya kahate the| __DaoN0 majumadAra kA kahanA hai ki yaha kAlAcArya zAyada usI samaya meM anAma aura Tonkina gaye jisa samaya bauddha sAdhu jIvaka gayA thaa| jIvaka yA mArajIvaka I0 sa0 290 aAsapAsa Tonkina meM thaa|8 isI anAma kI parampaga ke viSaya meM DaoN0 pI0 sI0 bAgacI se vizeSa pRcchA karane se inhoMne mujhe likhA hai "Khaudala is not mentioned in any of the authentic Chinese sources which speak of the other three Buddhist monks Marajivaka, SanghaVarman and Kalyanaruci who were in Tonkin during the 3rd century A.D. But he is referred to for the first time (loc. cit. P. 217) in an Annamese book-Cho Chau Phap Van Phat Ban hanh ngi tue of the 14th century. The text says "Towards the end of the reign of Ling Han (168-188 A.D.) Jivaka was travelling. Khau-da-la (Kiu-to-lo = Ksudra) arrived about 15. devida vaMdiehiM, mahANubhAvehiM rakkhia ajjehiM / jugamAsajja vihatto, aNuogo tA kaho cauhA // -Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 774 16. varAhamihira kA samaya zaka saM0 327 yA I0 sa0 405 AsapAsa hai aisA eka mata ke lie dekho, inDiana kalcara, vaoNlyuma 6, pR0 161-204. 17. eja oNpha impIriala yuniTi, pR0 650. iTAliksa mere hai.. 18.. vahIpR0650. aura dekhiye, Le Bouddhisme en Annam, Bulletin decole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, Vol. XXXII.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya the same time from Western India. He had another name Ca-la-cha-lo (Kia-lo-cho-lo = Kalacarya)." 9 DaoN. bAgacI Age apane patra meM likhate haiM ki ' kyoM ki mArajIvaka cInI AdhAra se I0 sa0 260 aura I0 sa0 306 ke bIca meM vahA~ daurA lagAtA thA isa lie anAma ke isa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hakIkata ThIka nahIM lagatI / yaha ThIka hai ki jIvaka kA samaya I0 sa0 260 se 306 mAnanA cAhiye na ki I0 sa0168188 jo anAma ke grantha kA kahanA hai / kintu I0 sa0 14 vIM zatAbdI meM bane hue isa grantha ke kartA ko pUrI hakIkata vAstavika rUpa meM milanI muzkila hai| phira bhI jisa taraha jIvaka ke nAma aura Tonkina meM jAne kI bAta vizvasanIya hai isI taraha kAlAcArya ke nAma jAne kI hakIkata sambhavita ho sakatI hai / 17 kyA yaha nAma kI paramparA meM inhIM kAlakAcArya kI smRti to nahIM jo vidyA-mantra- nimitta ke jJAtA the, jo suvarNabhUmi meM vicare the, jinakA guphAoM meM aura per3oM ke nIce rahanA mAnanA yuktisaGgata hai aura jo pazcimI bhArata ke rahanevAle the ? ve janma se brAhmaNa ho sakate haiM, kaI suprasiddha jainAcArya janma se brAhmaNa the| jaina sAdhu guphAtroM meM bhI rahate the| aura per3oM ke nIce rahane vAlI hakIkata kAlakAcArya ke bAre meM saccI hai| uparyukta paJcakalpabhASya meM spaSTa likhA hai ki sAtavAhana narendra kAlakAcArya ko mile tatra zrArya kAlaka vaTavRkSa ke nIce niviSTa the / kAlakAcArya per3o ke nIce rahate the| anAma ke grantha kA yaha kahanA ki kAlAcArya guphAoM meM aura per3oM ke nIce rahate the vaha isa vastu kA dyotaka hai ki ve puruSa gRhasthI nahIM kintu sAdhu-jIvana gujArane vAle the| aura jaba hameM prAcIna jainagranthoM (uttarAdhyayananiryukti, bRhatkalpabhASya ityAdi) kI sAkSI milatI hai ki kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the taba nAma paramparA ke kAlAcArya vAlI hakIkata meM isI kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmi gamana kI smRti mAnanA ucita hogA / kAlAcArya yA kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA kAraNa bhI diyA gayA hai / kAlaka kI grantharacanAyeM jinako pATaliputra ke saGgha ne bhI pramANita kI thIM unheM khuda unake ziSya bhI ( ujjaina meM) nahIM sunate the / Arya kAlaka isI se nirviNNa ho kara dezAntara gaye / suvarNabhUmi meM jahA~ unake medhAvI zrutajJAnI praziSya sAgarazramaNa the vahA~ jAnA zrArya kAlaka ne ucita mAnA / nAma kI paramparA kA jo nirdeza hai ki kAlAcArya pazcimI bhArata ke brAhmaNa the usako bhI socanA caahie| kAlaka-kathAnakoM se yaha to spaSTa hai ki inakA jyAdA sambandha ujjaina, bharUca (bharukaccha) aura pratiSThAnapura se rahA / zrataH zrArya kAlaka pazcimI bhArata ke ho sakate haiM, aura pUrva meM anAma paramparA unako pazcimI bhArata ke mAna le yaha svAbhAvika hai / kAlAcArya kAlakAcArya ke janma se brAhmaNa hone ke viSaya meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki yaha bAta asambhava nahIM, kaI prabhAvika jaina zrAcArya pahale zrotriya brAhmaNa paNDita the / aura kAla ke viSaya meM eka kathAnaka bhI hai jisase vaha brAhmaNajAtIya the aisA mAna sakate haiN| AvazyakacUrNi aura kahAvalI (I. sa0 1200 ke pahile racA huA, zAyada I0 sa0 6 vIM zatAbdi meM racita) meM eka kathAnaka hai jisa meM batAyA gayA hai ki kAlaka turumiNI nagarI meM bhadrA nAmaka brAhmaNI ke sahodara the / bhadrA ke putra datta ne usa nagarI ke rAjA ko padabhraSTa karake rAjya le liyA aura usane bahuta yajJa kiye| isa datta ke sAmane kAlakAcArya ne yajJoM ki nindA kI aura yajJa kA bUrA phala khaa| isa se datta ne AcArya ko kaida kiyaa| AcArya ke bhaviSyakathana ke anusAra rAjA datta bUre hAla marA / 19 a yajJaphala aura datta ke bhaviSya 16. DA. bAgacIjI dvArA dI gaI prastuta sUcanA ke lie maiM unakA RNI hU~ / 16a. dekho, kAlakAcArya kathA ( zrI. navAba prakAzita) pR0 40 Avazyaka - cUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 465-466 meM bhadrA ko " dhigjAtiNI " kahI hai| bhadrA brAhmaNadharmI hone se isake lie jaina lekhaka ne

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya kathana ke varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha kAlaka nimitta ke, jyotiSa ke, jAnane vAle the| isa taraha datta ke mAtula Arya kAlaka aura anAma-paramparA ke kAlAcArya brAhmaNa hone kI saMgati milatI hai| donoM vRttAntoM meM kAlaka ko nimitta-mantra-vidyA-jJAna hone kA bhI sAmya hai| ___ gardabhillocchedaka kAlaka kA bhAgineya bala mitra rAjA thaa| yahA~ kahAvalI,20 zrAvazyaka cUrNi' ityAdi ke uparyukta kathAnaka meM kAlakAcArya kA bhAgineya datta bhI rAjA hotA hai| yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| ___ balamitra kA dharma kaunasA thA? aura balamitra-bhAnumitra kyA sacamuca kAlaka ke bhAgineya the ? nizIthacUrNi kahatI hai ki kitaneka aAcAryoM ke kathanAnusAra ve (balamitra-bhAnumitra) kAlakAcArya ke bhAgineya the| magara nizIthacUrNikAra bhagavajinadAsa mahattara ko (I0 sa0 676 aAsapAsa) yaha pakkA mAlUma nahIM thA isI lie inhoMne nizcitarUpa se nahIM btaayaa|22 kAlakAcArya aura jinadAsa ke sattAsamaya ke bIca meM ThIka ThIka antara hogA jisase jinadAsa ko.isa viSaya meM avicchinna vizvasanIya paramparA mila na skii| Age jinadAsa kahate haiM ki balamitra ke bhAgineya balabhAna ne jainI dIkSA lI jisase balamitra kA purohita aura dUsare nArAja hue| purohita brAhmaNadharmI hone se balamitra-bhAnumitra bhI brAhmaNadharmI hoNge| agara kAlakAcArya ke ina donoM bhAgineya jainadharmI hote to kAlakAcArya ke liye ujjaina se bAhira cale jAne kI paristhiti khar3I na hotI jaisA ki Avazyaka-cUrNi antargata (tithi badalanevAlI) kathAnaka meM varNita hai| bhAgineya hone para bhI agara balamitra-bhAnumitra brAhmaNadharmI hoM taba ve saba bAteM honI asambhava nhiiN| agara kAlaka khuda janma se brAhmaNa jAtIya hoM taba to unake bhAgineya balamitra-bhAnumitra brAhmaNadharmI hone kA susaMgata hI hotA hai| brAhmaNadharmI hone para bhI kyoMki bala mitra-bhAnumitra kAlaka ke bhAgineya the, ina donoM ne gardabhocchedana meM kAlaka ko sahAyatA dii| datta aura bala mitra donoM alaga alaga kathAnakoM meM kAlaka ke bhAgineya kahe gaye haiN| ve donoM eka the yA bhinna bhinna vyakti ? kathAnakoM ke DhaMga se to unake alaga alaga vyakti hone kA anumAna hotA hai| turumiNI (yA turuviNI) nagarI kahA~ thI? vaha zAyada hAla meM madhyabhArata meM tumaina (Tumain nAma se pichAnI jAtI nagarI hogii| kAlakAcArya kA jyAdA sambandha ujaina, bharukaccha aura pratiSThAnapura se rahA isa se turumiNI kA madhya yA pazcima bhArata meM honA sambhavita hai kintu vaha kahA~ thI yaha nizcitarUpa se kahanA zakya nhiiN| zrI navAba prakAzita kAlakAcArya kathA meM diye hue madhyakAlIna (saMvat 1100 ke piche race gaye) aisA zabdaprayoga AcArya haribhadra aura zIla ka ke TIkAgranthoM meM brAhmaNoM ko 'dhigjAtIya 'hI kahA gayA hai ata eva navAba prakAzita anya kathAoM meM piche ke (madhyakAlIna) lekhakoM ne kAlakAcArya kI bhaginI (datta kI mA~) ko brAhmaNa jAtIya batAI hai vaha ThIka hI hai| 20. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 40 21. vahI, pR0 40 22. 'keyi pAyariyA bhaNaMti, jahA-calamitta-bhANumittA kAla gAyariyANaM bhAgiNejjA bhvNti| mAtulo tti kAuM mahaMta AdaraM kareMti abbhuThaTANAdiyaM |'--nishiith cUrNi, uddeza 10, kAlakAcAryakathA (navAba prakAzika), puM0 2. devacandrasUriviracita kAlakakathA (saM0 1146) meM balamitra bhAnumitra ko kAlaka ke bhAgineya kahe haiM, dekho, kAlakAcAryakathA, (navAba), pR0 14. vahI, pR0 37 meM kahAvalI-antargata kathAnaka meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| . 23. mUla gvAliara riyAsata kA yaha tumena eka prAcIna sthala hai jahA~ se uttaraguptakAlIna zilpa ityAdi mile haiN|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya kathAnakoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ina lekhakoM ko suvarNabhUmi kA ThIka patA nahIM rahA hogaa| isI lie prabhAvaka caritra ke kartA (samaya vi0 saM0 1334 = I0 sa0 1277) sAgara ko ujjainI meM base kahate haiN| aura dUsare lekhaka suvarNabhUmi ke bajAya svarNapura kahate haiN| kaI lekhaka pradeza kA nAma chor3a dete haiM yA dUra-deza yA dezAntara aisA aspaSTa ullekha karate haiN| isa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ina pichale lekhakoM ke samaya meM kaI paramparAyeM vicchinna thiiN| aura kaI bAteM unakI samajha meM zrA na skiiN| aise saMyoga meM hamAre lie yahI ucita hai ki hama bhASyakAra, cUrNikAra, kahAvalIkAra aura malayagiri ke kathanoM meM jyAdA vizvAsa rakkheM aura ho sake vahA~ taka inhIM sAkSiyoM se kAlakaviSayaka khar3I hotI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kreN| hama dekha cake haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the na ki kaalpnik| nimittajJAnI, anuyogakAra Arya kAlaka suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the aisA niyuktikAra, bhASyakAra aura cUrNikAra kA kahanA hai jisameM sandeha rakhane kA koI kAraNa nhiiN| lekina suvarNabhUmi kisa pradeza ko kahate the ? suvarNabhUmi kA nirdeza hameM mahAniddesa jaise prAcIna granthoM meM milatA hai| DaoN. motIcandra likhate haiM-"mahAniddesa ke suvarNakUTa aura suvarNabhUmi ko eka sAtha lenA caahiye| suvarNabhUmi. baMgAla kI khAr3I ke pUraba ke saba pradezoM ke lie eka sAdhAraNa nAma thA; para suvarNakuTa eka bhaugolika nAma hai| arthazAstra (2 / 2 / 28) ke anusAra suvarNakuDyA se tailaparNika nAma kA sapheda yA lAlacandana aAtA thaa| yahA~ kA agara pIle aura lAla raMgoM ke bIca kA hotA thaa| sabase acchA candana maikAsAra aura timora se, aura sabase acchA agara campA aura anAma se AtA thaa| suvarNakuDyA se dukUla aura patrorNa bhI Ate the| suvarNakuDyA kI pahacAna cInI kinlin se kI jAtI hai jo phUnAna ke pazcima meM thaa|24" - suvarNabhUmi aura suvarNadvIpa ye donoM nAma sAgarapAra ke pUrvI pradezoM ke lie prAcIna samaya se bhAratavAsiyoM ko suparicita the| jAtakakathAyeM, guNADhya kI (abhI anupalabdha) bRhatkathA ke upalabdha rUpAntara, kathAkoza aura vizeSataH bauddha aura dUsare sAhitya ke kathAnakoM meM inake nAma hamezA milate rahate haiN| eka jAtakakathA ke anusAra mahAjanaka nAmaka rAjakumAra dhanaprApti ke uddeza se sodAgaroM ke sAtha suvarNabhUmi ko jAnevAle jahAja meM gayA thaa| dUsarI eka jAtakakathA bharukaccha se suvarNabhUmi kI jahAjI musAphirI kA nirdeza karatI hai| suppAraka-jAtaka meM aisI hI yAtrA vistAra se dI gaI hai|25 guNADhya kI bRhatkathA to aprApya hai kintu usase bane hue budhasvAmi-likhita bRhatkathAzlokasaGgraha meM sAnudAsa kI suvarNabhUmi kI yAtrA batAI gaI hai| kathAsaritsAgara meM suvarNadvIpa kI yAtrAoM ke kaI nirdeza haiN| kathAkoza meM nAgadatta ko suvarNadvIpa ke rAjA sunda ne bacAyA aisI kathA hai| 26 __ bRhatkathA ke upalabdha rUpAntaroM meM sabase prAcIna hai saGghadAsa vAcaka kRta vasudevahiNDi (racanAkAla-I0 sa0 300 se I0 sa0 500 ke bIca ) / sArtha ke sAtha utkala se tAmralipti (vartamAna tAmaluk) kI ora jAte hue cArudatta ko rAste meM lUTeroM kI bheMTa hotI hai, lekina vaha baca jAtA hai| sArtha se use alaga honA par3atA hai aura vaha akelA priyaMgupaTTaNa pahu~catA hai jahA~ pahacAnavAle vyApArI kI sahAya se vaha nayA mAla le kara tarI rAste vyApAra ke lie jAtA hai| cArudatta apanA vRttAnta detA hai-"piche...maiMne jahAja ko saja kiyA, usa meM mAla bharA, khalAsiyoM ke sAtha naukara bhI liye... rAjyazAsana kA paTTaka (pAsaporTa) 24. DA. motIcandra, sArthavAha, pR0 134. 25. jAtaka, bhAga 6 (iMgliza meM), pR0 22; vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 124; bhAga 4, pR0 86; aura jAtakamAlA, naM0 14. .. 26. kathAsaritsAgara (bambaI-prakAzana), taraGga 54, zlo0 86 se Age, 65 Age; taraGga, 57, 72 se bhAge; pR0 276, 267; taraGga, 86, 33, 62; taraGga, 123. 110. kathAkoza (Tawney's Ed.) pR0 28-26.

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20 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya bhI liyA aura cInasthAna kI ora jahAja ko calAyA...jalamArga hone se (cAroM ora) sArA jagat jalamaya sA pratIta hotA thaa| phira hamaloga cInasthAna phuNce| vahA~ vyApAra kara ke maiM suvarNadvIpa gyaa| pUrva aura dakSiNa dizA ke pattanoM ke pravAsa ke bAda kamalapura (khmera), yavadvIpa (javadvIpa-jAvA) aura siMhala (silona-laMkA) meM aura pazcima meM barbara (jhAMjhIbAra 1) aura yavana (alekajhAMDriA ) meM vyApAra kara, maiMne ATha koTi dhana paidA kiyA......jahAja meM maiM saurASTra ke kinAre jA rahA thA taba kinArA merI dRSTimaryAdA meM thA usI samaya jhaMjhAvAta huA aura vaha jahAja naSTa huaaa| kucha samaya ke bAda eka kASThaphalaka mere hAtha A gayA aura (samudra ke) taraMgoM kI paramparA se pheMkAtA huaA maiM usa avalambana se jI bacAkara sAta rAtriyoM ke bAda Akhira umbarAvatI-velA (velA = khAr3I) ke kinAre para DAlA gyaa| isa taraha maiM samudra se bAhara aayaa|"28 yaha byAna mahattva kA hai| priyaMgupaTTaNa baMgAla kI eka prAcIna bandaragAha thii| vahA~ se cArudatta cIna aura hinda-eziyA kI saphara karatA hai| cIna se suvarNadvIpa jAtA hai aura pUrva aura dakSiNa ke bandaragAhoM, vyApArakendroM meM sodA kara khmera, vahA~ se yavadvIpa aura phira vahA~ se siMhala ko jAtA hai| isa taraha cIna aura khmera ke bIca meM suvarNadvIpa honA sambhavita hai| - vasudevahiNDi kI racanA bRhatkalpabhASya se prAcIna hai|29 vasudevahiNDi antargata cArudatta ke bayAna se pratIta hotA hai ki jaina granthakAra ina pUrvIya dezoM se suparicita the| bRhatkalpabhASya-gAthA meM "suvaraNa" zabda-prayoga se granthakAra kI apanI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA kAma cala jAtA hai kyoMki likhane aura par3hanevAle isake matalaba se (suvaraNa zabda se sUcita suvarNabhUmi artha se) suparicita the| aura uttarAdhyayana niyukti to spaSTa rUpa se suvarNabhUmi kA nirdeza karatI hai| suvarNabhUmi ke agaru ke bAre meM kauTilya ke nirdeza (arthazAstra, 2, 11) kA ullekha pahile kiyA gayA hai| milindapaNha bhI, samudrapAra takkola, cIna, suvarNabhUmi ke bandaragAheM, jahA~ jahAja ikaDe hote haiM, kA ullekha karatA hai| . niddesa meM suvarNabhUmi aura dUsare dezoM kI jahAjI musApharI kA nirdeza hai| mahAkarma-vibhaGga meM dezAntaravipAka ke udAharaNa meM mahAkosalI aura tAmralipi se suvarNabhUmi kI ora jahAjI rAste se jAnevAle vyApAriyoM ko hotI huI ApattiyoM kI bAteM haiN| silonI mahAvaMza meM thera uttara aura thera soNa ke suvarNabhUmi meM dharmapracAra kA nirdeza hai|' 27. yavana asala meM AyonizrA ke lie prayukta thaa| jisa samaya vasudevahiNDi aura guNADhya kI bRhatkathA racI gaI usa samaya yavana se alekjhANDiyA uddiSTa hogaa| 28. vasudevahiNDi , bhAga 1, pR0 132-146. 26. Agama prabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI kI prastAvanA, bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 6. 30. milindapaNha (bhASAntara ), sekreDa buksa oNpha dha isTa sirIjha, vaoNlyuma 36, pR. 266 --"As a ship-owner, who has become wealthy by constantly levying freight in some sea-port town, will be able to traverse the high-seas and go to..... Takkola or Cina....or Suvarnabhumi or any other place where ships may : congregate........." dekho, DA. silvA levi, Etudes Asiatiques, vaoN0 2, pR0 1-55, 431. - 31. mahAkarma-vibhaGga, DA. silvA levi prakAzita, pR0 50 se Age dekho, mahAvaMza, gAigara prakAzita 1086 suvarNadvIpa ( DA. ramezacandra majumadAra kRta ) vibhAga 1, pR0 6-40.

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suvarNabhUmi maiM kAlakAcArya grIka-lATina granthakAra bhI suvarNabhUmi, suvarNadvIpa kA ullekha karate haiN| krisI (Chryse jisakA artha suvarNa hotA hai) dvIpa kA, pomponiasa mela (I0 sa0 41-54) apane De Chorographia meM ullekha karatA hai| plinI, TaoNlemI vagairaha granthakAroM ke bayAnoM meM, aura periplasa meM bhI, isakA ullekha hai| TaoNlemI sirpha krimI-dvIpa ke bajAya Chryse Chora (suvarNabhUmi) aura Chryse Chersonesus (suvarNadvIpakalpa) kA nirdeza karatA hai| arabI granthakAroM ke pichale bayAnoM ko yahA~ vistArabhaya se chor3a deNge| kintu ina saba sAkSiyoM kI vistRta samIkSA ke bAda DAkTara ramezacandra majumadAra ne jo likhA hai vahI dekha leN| Apa likhate haiM "The Periplus makes it certain that the territories beyond the Ganges were called Chryse. It does not give us any means to define the boundaries more precisely, beyond drawing our attention to the facts that the region consisted both of a part of mainland as well as an island, to the east of the Ganges, and that it was the last part of the inhabited world. To the north of this region it places "This" or China. In other words, Chryse, according to this authority, has the same connotation as the Trans-Gangetic India of Ptolemy, and would include Burma, Indo-China and Malaya Archipelago, or rather such portions of this vast region as were then known to the Indians. Ptolemy's Chryse Chersonesus undoubtedly indicates Malaya Peninsula, and its Chryse Chora must be a region to the north of it. Now we have definite evidence that a portion of Burma was known in later ages as Suvarnabhumi. According to Kalyani Inscriptions (Suvarnabhumi-ratta-samkhata Ramannadesa), Ramannadesa was called Suvarnabhumi which would then comprise the maritime region between Cape Negrais and the mouth of the Salvin...... hardly any doubt, in view of the statement of Arab and Chinese writers, and the inscription found in Sumatra itself, that the island was also known as Suvarnabhumi and Suvarnadvipa........There are thus definite evidences that Burma, Malaya Peninsula and Sumatra had a common designation of Suvarnabhumi, and the name Suvarnadvipa was certainly applied to Sumatra and other islands of the Malaya Archipelago."32 ___ isa taraha DA0 majumadAra ke anveSaNa se barmA, malaya dvIpakalpa, sumAtrA aura malaya dvIpasamUha se abhI pichAne jAte pradezoM ke lie suvarNabhUmi zabda pracalita thA, aura vizeSa sumAtrA aura malayasAmudradhuni (Malaya Archipelago) kA dvIpasamUha suvarNadvIpa kahA jAtA thaa| bRhatkalpasUtra kI bhASya-gAthA meM, aura uttarAdhyayana niyukti meM "suvaNNa" zabda hai jisase suvarNabhUmi yA suvarNadvIpa donoM artha ghaTamAna hote haiN| kintu cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra (malayagiri) jaise bahuzruta vidvAnoM ne apane ko prApta aAdhAragrantha aura prAcIna-paramparAgata jJAna ke anusaraNa meM suvarNabhUmi artha diyA hai| isa lie kAlakAcArya dakSiNa-barmA, usake pUrva ke aura dakSiNa ke pradezoM meM vicare the aisA artha ghaTAnA ThIka hogaa| vahA~ se Age ve kahA~ taka gaye, aura "ajja kAlaga'ne zeSa jIvana meM kyA kyA kiyA,. ____ 32. DA. ramezacandra majumadAra, suvarNadvIpa, bhAga 1, pR0 48. . 33. Arya kAlaka ke zeSa jIvana ke bAre meM agara bhASyakAra aura cUrNikAra ko kucha aura bhI patA hogA

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22 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya kakSa kahA vihAra kiyA ityAdi bAteM hamAre sAmane upasthita na hone se vaha khayAla karanA ki anAma (campA) meM kAlAcArya ( kAlakAcArya) ke jAne kI paramparA nirAdhAra hai yA vaha kAlaka para kI nahIM ho sakatI yaha zaMkA nirarthaka hogii| aura jaisA Age batAyA hai, ajja kAlaka ke brAhmaNakula meM janma hone kI jaina paramparA, kAlaka ko nimitta aura mantrajJAna hone kI paramparA, vaTavRkSa ke nIce rahane kI paMcakalpabhASya kI gvAhI ityAdi se kAlaka ke anAma jAne ke anumAna ko puSTi milatI hai / utpalabhaTTa kI TIkA kI hastapratoM meM vaGkAlaka se yadi bakA se kAla ke sambandha kA nirdeza ho taba to isako aura bhI puSTi milatI hai / kAlaka ke vyaktitva ko ThIka samajhA jAya tatra pratIta hogA ki unake lie yaha saba karanA zakya thaa| vahA~ se ve Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna) gaye yaha nAma (campA) kI usa paramparA kA kahanA hai| jo kAlaka sindhu ke usa pAra zakasthAna - zakakUla- pArasakUla ko gaye so kAlaka pUrva meM baMgAlase barmA hokara ina saba pradezoM meM bhI gaye yaha samajhane meM koI saGgatidoSa nahIM rahatA / magadha se Age jainadharma ke kramazaH vistAra ke itihAsa ko vinA dekhe yaha vastusthiti sambhavita na lagegI / mahAvIra gaye the rAr3hA meM - pazcimI baMgAla meM / vaha pradeza anAryoM se, asaMskRta janoM se bharA par3A thaa| mahAvIra ko vahA~ kAphI upasarga sahana karane pdd'e| ve rAr3hA yA lAr3ha-vAsI loga, jinako hama primitive peoples kahate haiM, vaise the / pUrvIya pradezoM meM barmA, AsAma, sayAma, hindI cIna, malAyA ityAdi dezoM meM nAga ityAdi jAti kI prAgaitihAsika saMskRta prajAnoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti ne jA kara apane saMskAra phailAye / yaha campA, kamboz2a (kamboDiyA) ityAdi ke itihAsa se supratIta hai| prAcIna kAla meM dakSiNa meM jaise agatsya bagairaha ne yaha kArya kiyA, pUrvIya pradezoM kI ora mahAvIra kI naz2ara daudd'ii| sambhava hai ki ve baMgAla kI pUrvIya sImA taka (zAyada barmI sarahada taka ) gye| rAr3hA aura usake pradezoM meM mahAvIra-vihAra kA vistRta yAna granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai / mahAvIra ke anugAmI sthaviroM ne yaha kArya cAlU rkkhaa| taba hI to hama sthavirAvalI meM tAmralipti, koTivarSa aura puNDravarddhana kI zAkhAoM ke nirdeza pAte haiN| chedasUtrakAra sthavi zrArya bhadrabAhu ( mahAvIra nirvANa varSa 170) nepAla ko gaye the yaha bhI isI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai / paJcakalpabhASya meM gAthA hai - " vaMdAmi bhaddatrAhuM, pAINaM sayalasuyanANiM " - ityAdi / yahA~ "pAI" kA 'prAcIna gotrIya' aisA artha pichale granthakAroM ne batalAyA hai aura "prAcIno janapadaH " aisA kahate haiM / pAharapura (baMgAla) se utkhanana meM guptakAlIna tAmrapatra- dAnapatra milA hai jisa meM paJcastUpAnvaya (sambhavataH mathurA kA) ke jainAcAryoM ke vahA~ taka ke vihAra kI sAkSI milatI hai / 35 kama se kama guptarAjAoM ke zAsanakAla taka pUrvIya bhArata meM jaina dharma kA pracAra cAlU rahA / phira dUsare dUsare kinhI rAjakIya pravAhoM ke prabhAva se jaina saGgha kA jamAva pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata kI ora bar3hatA gyaa| pUrva bhArata meM vartamAna sarAka (zrAvaka) jAti ke loga prAcIna zrAvaka (jaina) the aisA kahA jAtA hai| kintu apane vivaraNAtmaka grantha meM una bAtoM kA prasaMga upasthitaH na hone se ( anaucitya samajha kara ) ve kucha Age na likha sake / datta vAlI ghaTanA ke anta meM kahAvalI - kAra sirpha itanA hI likhate haiM: "kAlayasUri vi vihiNA kAlaM kAraNa go devalogaM / " zAyada kAlaka kA zeSa jIvana ina pUrvIya pradezoM meM gujraa| isa viSaya meM nizcayAtmaka kucha kahanA zakya nahIM / 34. isa viSaya meM dekhiye, khuleTina oNpha dha prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiama, vaoN0 1 naM0 1, 1030-40. 35. epigrAphi kA inDikA, baoN0 20, pR0 56 se Age; hisTarI oNpha bengAla, baoN0 1, pR0 410.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 23 isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt karIba pA~casau varSa meM dUsare sampradAyoM ke sAtha jaina ne bhI pUrva meM aura uttarapUrva meM apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karane ke prayatna kiye hoMge, aura baMgAla meM I0 sa0 kI pA~cavI zatAbdI taka jainoM ke vaha prayatna cAlU the / ataH isase bhI pUrva meM barmA, anAma ityAdi meM tathA suvarNabhUmi se pichAne jAte pradezoM meM aisA prayatna hone kA agara prAcIna jaina granthoM kA pramANa mile tatra vaha saGgata aura azakya nahIM laga sakatA / kama se kama barmA, zrAsAma aura nepAla meM jainAcAyoM ke jAne kA anumAna to hareka ko grAhya hogA / dakSiNa barmA se paidala rAste se jainAcArya, Age bhI, suvarNabhUmi pichAne jAte pradezoM meM, jA sakate the aura gaye hoMge / Arya kAlaka ke samaya ke bAre meM Age vicAra hogaa| unakA samaya, jaisA ki Age dekheMge, I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 yA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 kI AsapAsa kA hai : usa samaya meM bhAratIya vyApArI ina pradezoM meM jAte the yaha hama dekha cUke haiN| DaoN0 majumadAra likhate haiM "The view that the beginnings of Indian Colonisation in South-East Asia should be placed not later than the first century A. D. is also supported by the fact that trade relations between India and China, by way of sea, may be traced back to the second century B.C.36 As the Chineses vessels did not proceed beyond Northern Annam till after the first century A.D., it may be presumed that the Indian vessels plied at least as far as Annam even in the second century B.C. As the vessels in those days kept close to the coast, we may conclude that even in the second century B.C. Indian mariners and merchants must have been quite familiar with those regions in Indo-China, and Malaya Archipelago, where we find Indian colonies at a later date "36A magara jainAcAryoM kI jahAjI saphara kA, samudrayAna kA anumAna karanA muzkila hai| kintu ve khuzkI rAste se jA sakate the| isa meM bhI bar3I bar3I nadiyA~ to AtI hI haiN| bar3I bar3I nadiyoM ke pAra karane meM jaina zramaNanAva meM baiTha sakate haiN| isa viSaya kI vistRta carcA bRhatkalpasUtra, uddeza 4 sUtra 32 se Age, aura ina sUtroM kI bhASyagAthAoM (gAthA 5620 ) meM milatI hai / gaGgA yA zoNa ( aura sindhu, narmadA ) jaisI bhAratIya bar3I nadiyA~ pAra karanevAle jainAcAryoM ne brahmaputrA, IrAvadI jaisI nadiyA~ bhI nA~va meM pAra kI hogI / isa meM koI pratibaMdha nahIM hai / kinArA sAmane najara meM zrI sake aise jalamArga meM nAva kA upayoga ho sakatA hai| bar3I bar3I aisI nadiyoM ke rAste meM bhI aisI kaI jagaha ( yA pahAr3I dUna pradeza ) hotI haiM jahA~ jala khUba gaharA hotA hai lekina sAmanevAlA kinArA najaroM se dUra nahIM hotA / aura inhIM nadiyoM meM aise bhI jalamArga hote haiM jahA~ pA~va Upara UThA kara cala kara bhI unako pAra kara sakate haiM jaisI ki bRhatkalpasUtrakAra '"" egaM pAyaM jale kiccA egaM pAyaM thale kiccA " ityAdi zabdoM meM anujJA dete haiM / isa taraha agara khuzkI rAste se bIca meM AnevAlI nadiyoM ko nAva meM baiThakara yA calakara pAra karake, dakSiNa barmA, campA, malAyA ityAdi pradezoM meM jAnA zakya hotA thA taba aja kAlaga, sAgara zramaraNa aura dUsare jaina zramaNoM kA suvarNabhUmi-gamana dharmaviruddha, zAstraviruddha nahIM thA / 36. toDaMga pao (Toung Pao), 13 (1612), pR0 457 - 61; inDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTarli, 14, pR0 380. 36 a. DA0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra, zrenzianTa inDiyA kaoNlanAyakezana ina sAutha IsTa eziyA ( 1955), pR0 13.

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24 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya bRhatkalpasUtra ke kartA hai prAcIna gotrIya yA prAcIna janapada ke sthavira Arya bhdrbaahu| apane banAye hue isa chedasUtra ke caturtha uddeza meM sAdhuoM ke jalayAna kI carcA karate hue zrApa likhateM haiM--"no kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA imAyo paMcamaharANavAyo mahAnadIao uddichAtro gaNiyAno vaMjiyAzro aMto mAsA dukkhutto vA tikkhutto vA uttarittara vA saMtarittae vaa| taM jahA-gaMgA, jauNA, sarau, kosiyA mhii|" isa sUtra ke Upara niyukti bhI dekhanI cAhiye paMcaehaM gahaNeNaM sesA vi u sUiyA mhaaslilaa| tattha purA vihariMsu ya, Na ya tAto kayAi sukkhaMti // 5620 // 37 phira Age isI viSaya kI vistRta carcA pAtI hai| nAvasantaraNa ke bhinna bhinna doSa dikhalAte hue bRhatkalpa sUtra ke (niyuktikAra yA) bhASyakAra kahate haiM vIravarassa bhagavato, nAvArUDhasya kAsi uvasagaM / micchaddihi paraddho, kaMbala-saMbalehiM tArizro bhagavaM // 5628 // 3 bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI nAva meM car3he the isa kI pratIti aAvazyaka-niyukti gAthA 466-7139 se bhI hotI hai| uparyukta bhASyagAthAoM meM pratyanIkAdi doSoM kI carcA aura inase bacane ke lie jahA~ taka ho sake, sthala-rAstA khuzkI-rAstA) grahaNa karane ke upadeza ke sAtha hI nAva se yA calate hI nadI pAra karane kI carcA hai| jahA~ jala kI gaharAI bilakula kama ho aura jAnU se bhI nIce jala ho, matalaba ki jahA~ pA~va ko jala se Upara UThA kara phira Age rakha kara nadI meM cala sakeM vahA~ kIcar3a se baca sakate haiM aura girane kI yA jI hiMsA kI sambhAvanA atIva kama ho jAtI hai| kintu isa sArI carcA meM nAvArohaNa-nAva se nadI pAra karane kA sampUrNa pratibandha nahIM rakkhA gyaa| .. kAlakAcArya aura sAgara-zramaNa samudramArga se-jahAjI rAste se nahIM kintu khuzkI rAste se gaye hoMge aisA hamArA khapAla hai| ora bRhatkalpabhASya kI cUrNi aura TIkA ke vRttAntoM kA dhvani yahI hai| rAste meM kAlaka ke ziSyoM ko loga pUchate haiM, "ye kona se prAcArya jA rahe haiM ?" isakA matalaba yahI hai ki ve khuzkI rAste se gye| IsA ke pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM meM khuzkI rAstA jyAdA istemAla hotA thaa| jahAjI vyApAra kramazaH bar3hA hogaa| khuzkI rAste the jo cIna (dakSiNa cIna) taka le jAte the| khuzkI rAste ke viSaya meM DA0 majumadAra likhate haiM--- "From early times there was a regular trade-route by land between Eastern India and China through Upper Burma and Yunnan. We know from Chinese Chronicles that in the second century B.C. merchants with their ware travelled from China across the whole of North India and Afghanistan to Bactria. Through this route came early Chinese priests for whom, according to. I-tsing, an Indian king built a temple in the third or fourth century A.D. From different points along this route one could pass to Lower Burma and other parts of Indo China, and a Chinese writer 37. bRhankalpasUtra, uddeza 4, sU0 32, vibhAga 5, pR0 1487, gAthA 5620. 38. vahI, pR0 1486, gAthA, 5628.. 36. Avazyaka-sUtra, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 160-1.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya Kia Tan, refers to a land route between Annam and India (Journal Asiatique, II-XIII, 1919, p. 461).40 zrAvakoM ke lie to sAgara-gamana aura nAvArohaNa niSiddha mAlUma nahIM hotA hai / " vasudevahiNDiantargata cArudatta - kathAnaka kA bhI yahI dhvani hai, vyApAra ke lie jaina zrAvaka dvIrAntaroM meM jahAjoM se jAte the / jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM bhI ratnadvIpa pahu~ce hue vaNikoM kA prasaMga hai| agara kisI pradeza meM jaina gRhasthoM kI vasati na ho to vahA~ jaina sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA vihAra tI kaThina hotA hai kyoM ki AhAra ke bAre meM niyamoM kA pAlana karanA muzkila ho jAtA hai / sAgarazramaga saparivAra suvarNabhUmi meM the aise nirdeza kA matalaba yaha bhI hai ki vahA~ jaina gRhastha ( sAhasika sodAgara ) ThIka ThIka saMkhyA meM maujUda the| isa taraha isa samaya meM pUrva 151 - 10) bhAratIya vyApAriyoM kA suvarNabhUmi meM jAnA zurU ho cUkA thaa| vyApAra ke lie hareka sampradAya ke vaNik jAte the-- jaina, bauddha yA hindU koI bhI ho | jainAcArya ke vahA~ saparivAra vihAra ke isa vizvasanIya bayAna kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki IsA ke pUrva kI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdiyoM meM bhAratIya sodAgara aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA hameM eka aura pramANa milatA hai| ( I0 sa0 25 dharma ke pracAra ke lie siddhi - vidyAsiddhi yA mantrasiddhi - ityAdi ke prayoga karane kA jainAcAryoM ke lie niSiddha nahIM thaa| aisI prabhAvanA ke kaI dRSTAnta milate haiM aura aise AcAryoM ko prabhAvaka AcArya kahate haiN| Arya vajra, Arya khapuTa, zrArya pAdalita jaise prAcIna AcAryoM ke aise kArya saGgha ko mAnya rahe the| sAdhvI ko bacAne ke lie Arya kAlaka ne jo kiyA vaha bhI dharmaviruddha nahIM ginA gayA / zakakUla meM aura bhArata meM bhI kAlakAcArya ne apane vidyA, maMtra aura nimitta jJAna kA paricaya diyaa| aise bar3e bar3e AcAryoM ko prabhAvaka AcArya kahate haiN| aise bahuzruta zrAcAryoM ke AcaraNa meM 42 zaGkA kI bAta to dUra rahI, ve Age dUsare AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke mArgadarzaka bhI gine jAte haiN| Arya vajra, Arya pAdalipta, Arya kAla Adi sthavira prabhAvaka AcArya mAne gaye aura prabhAvaka caritra meM inake caritra bhI diye gaye / prabhAvazAlI, bahuzruta, vRddha jaina zrAcArya dharmAcaraNaviSayaka mAmale meM pramANabhUta gine jAte haiM aura jahA~ zAstroM kA pUrA khulAsA anupalabdha ho yA zAstravacana samajha meM na Ave vahA~ aise paTTadharoM, yugapradhAnoM, sthaviroM ke mArgadarzana aura kArya pramANabhUta hote haiM / zrutadhara anuyogakAra sthavira prArya kAlaka sAdhvI ko bacAne ke lie pArasakUla zakakUla gaye aura vahA~ zakoM ko le Aye aura gardana kA uccheda krvaayaa| Aja taka Arya kAlaka kA yaha kathAnaka jaina samAja meM (vizeSataH zvetAmbara jaina saGgha meM) atIva pracalita hai| kAlaka- kathA kI kaI sacitra prAcIna hastaprateM milatI haiN| sacitra pratiyoM meM kalpasUtra ke sAtha kAlakakathA kI pratiyA~ milatI rahatI haiM, yaha paryutraNAparvatithi ke sAtha kAla kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa hogaa| kintu zakoM ko lAne vAle kAlaka ko itanA sanmAna milatA hai yahI sUcaka hai| 40. DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra, enzianTa inDiyana kaoNlanAijhezana ina sAutha-IsTa ezimA (baDodA 1655), pR0 4. 41. zrI vIracanda gAMdhI jaba amarikA sarvadharmapariSada meM jA kara Aye taba jaina saGgha ne unako prAyazcitta karane kA kahA / usa samaya suprasiddha jainAcArya zrI vijayAnandasUrijI (zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja) ne yahI abhiprAya diyA ki unakA samudrapAra jAnA niSiddha nahIM thaa| zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja kA yaha patra gujarAtI sAptAhika 'jaina' (bhAvanagara) ke tA0 28-11- 1653 ke aGka meM prakAzita huA hai / 42. jaise ki Arya vajra caityapUjA ke lie puSpa le Aye the /

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26 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya Arya kAlaka ke jIvanakAla meM unake zakoM ko lAne ke kArya ke viruddha (aura dUsare kAryoM ke viruddha) kucha aAndolana huA hogaa| mantra-vidyA aura nimitta ke prayoga Ama taura para jaina sAdhuoM ke lie ucita nahIM mAne gaye haiN| vidyApiNDa ko to niSiddha hI mAnA gayA hai| aura phira paradeza se zakoM ko isa deza meM lAne kA kArya bahuta se logoM ko (jainadharmAvalambI ko bhI) pasanda na bhI ho| gardabharAjocchedaka kAlakAcArya ke jIvana meM sAhasa (adventure) kA-parAkrama kA-tattva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| ve koI asAdhAraNa vyakti the| unhoMne jaba dekhA ki sUtra naSTa hote jA rahe haiM taba unhoMne anuyoga-granthoM kI racanA kii| bRhatkalpacUrNi aura TIkA ke anusAra unake anuyoga ko unakA ziSyasamudAya sunatA nahIM thaa| kyoM ? anuyoga ke yahA~ do artha haiM--upadeza-pravacana aura Arya kAlaka ke race hue anuyoga grantha jinakA vyAkhyAna zrApa karate hoNge| hama sunate haiM ki Arya kAlaka ke ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira nahIM rahate the| kyoM ? kyA ina saba nirdezoM se yahI sUcita nahIM hotA ki kAlaka ke krAntikArI asAdhAraNa khayAla aura kArya, purAne rAste ko chor3a kara naye rAste para calane ke sAhasa ityAdi se saGkucita manovRtti vAle aura pragativirodhI tattva nArAz2a the ? hareka maz2ahaba kI tavArikha meM hama dekhate haiM ki bar3e bar3e mahAtmAoM ko aise virodha apane jIvana meM sahana karane par3e yadyapi Age calakara ve yugapradhAna mAne gye| krAisTa, mahAtmA gAMdhI, tukArAma, mIrAM, kabIra zrAdi aneka dRSTAnta hamAre sAmane maujUda haiN| kAlakAcArya ko bhI aisI vipattiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hogaa| jaina tavArikha meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki Arya suhasti ke AcaraNa se Arya mahAgiri nArAja hue the| Arya vajra jaba pUjA ke lie puSpa le Aye taba unakA yaha kArya zrAma taura se sAdhutroM ke lie ucita na thA / unakA bhI virodha huA hogaa| zakoM ko lAnevAle, bhAjIvikoM se nimitta par3hanevAle, nimittakathana aura vidyAprayoga karanevAle, paySaNAparva kI paJcamI tithi ko badala kara caturthI ko yaha parva manAnevAle, naye anuyoga-grantha racanevAle Arya kAlaka ke sAmane z2arUra virodhI tattva khar3e hue hoNge|43 magara Arya kAlaka DaranevAle the hI nhiiN| unakI prakRti koI asAdhAraNa kisama kI thii| jaba unhoMne dekhA ki apane hI ziSya apanA hI anuyoga sunate nahIM the taba unako nirveda avazya hazrA magara ve baiThe rahanevAle yA dabanevAle nahIM the| unhoMne naye kAryapradeza kI aora dRSTi DAlI / ve suvarNabhUmi jA pahuMce jahA~ bhAratIya vyApArI gaye hue the hI, jahA~ unakA praziSya bhI bhejA huA thA hI aura jahA~ bhArata ke anya dharmAvalambI sodAgara aura sAdhu bhI pahuMca cuke hoNge| - zaGkA yaha upasthita hogI ki agara kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamanavAlI paramparA saccI hai to phira hameM suvarmabhUmi meM kyoM jainadharma ke avazeSa milate nahIM hai lekina isakA matalaba yaha to nahIM ho sakatA ki bhaviSya meM milanA asambhava hai / hama yaha to jAnate hI haiM ki IsA kI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdI se lekara bhAratIya saMskRti ke avazeSa ina pradezoM meM mile haiM aura bhAratIya saMskRti kA ThIka ThIka pracAra isa samaya meM ina pradezoM meM ho cUkA thaa| isa samaya meM vahA~ jAnevAle vyApAriyoM meM jaina bhI avazya hoMge yaha to sarva 43. hamAre khayAla se kAlaka ke zakoM ko lAnevAlI ghaTanA se hI jyAdA virodha huA hogA, paradezI zAsana ko pasanda kare aisI prajA girI huI na thii| aura na koI bhI prajA paradezI-zAsakoM ko lAnevAle ko sanmAna detI hai / sAdhvI ko bacAne ke liye jo karanA par3A vaha prabhAvanA kA kArya thA para isa kArya meM rAjakIya svArtha na thA isa lie virodha sArvatrika na hogaa| virodha hone para bhI zrutadhara sthavira Arya kAlaka ko samajhanevAle, unakA sanmAna karanevAle bhI hoMge hii| kAlaka dezadrohI nahIM gine jA sakate /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya sammata hogaa| sAtavIM sadI meM haribhadrasUri ne apanI samarAiccakahA meM bhI vyApAriyoM ke paradezagamana ke diye hue bayAna bhI yaha sUcita karate haiM ki jaina sodAgara bhI jAte the| aura inake bhI koI avazeSa, jaina-pratimA ityAdi milanA asambhava nahIM / kintu hameM yAda rakhanA cAhiye ki aAryakAlaka aura sAgarazramaNa jaise sAhasika sthaviroM kI paramparA bhI na rahI jo suvarNabhUmi ko jAya~ / aura jaba magadha aura baMgAla meM jaina saGgha ko ApattiyA~ AI taba jainasAdhu jyAdA karake madhya, pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata ko apane kendra banAte rhe| suvarNabhUmi kA khuzkI rAstA thA para magadha aura baMgAla kI pratikUla paristhiti ke kAraNa barmA jAnevAle jaina sAdhuoM kI paramparA TUTa gii| kAlakAcArya kA samaya aba hameM yaha socanA cAhiye ki kAlakAcArya kaba suvarNabhUmi meM gye| kAlakAcArya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM ne khUba carcA kI hai| jaina sampradAya meM aneka kAlakAcArya-kathAnaka milate haiN| DA0 Dablyu. naoNrmana brAuna ne apane " sTori oNpha kAlaka" nAmaka grantha meM aise kaI kathAnakoM, aura kahAvalIantargata kAlaka-kathAnaka aura cUrNigranthoM meM se bhI kitaneka ullekha uddhRta kiye haiN| DA0 brAuna ne isa viSaya meM pUrva meM huI carcA kI sUcI bhI dI hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne prabhAvaka-caritra ke gujarAtI bhASAntara kI prastAvanA meM kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM carcA kI hai| aura phira dvivedIabhinandana grantha meM kitane kAlakAcArya hue aura kaba isa viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne vistAra se likhA hai| zrI sArAbhAI navAba prakAzita kAlakAcAryakathA meM ina saba kathAnakoM-cUrNiyoM ke (paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ko chor3a kara) pATha diye haiM kintu cUrNiyoM ke kucha saMdarbha saMkSipta haiN| khAsa kara ke yavarAja, gardabha aura aDoliyA vAlA, jisakA kAlaka se jyAdA sambandha na mAna kara saMkSepa kiyA hai| isa prakAzana ko sampAdita karane vAle paM0 ambAlAla zAhane munizrI kalyANa vijaya jI ke pratipAdanoM kA sArAMza diyA hai| AzA hai ki ina prakAzanoM ko sAmane rakha kara vidvadgaNa Age kI carcA ko pddh'eNge| kAlakAcArya ke viSaya me upalabdha saba nirdezoM (saMdarbho) ko do vibhAga meM bA~TanA Avazyaka hogaa| eka to hai niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura kahAvalI kA vibhAga jo dUsare vibhAga se prAcIna hai aura prAcInatara paramparAoM kA banA huA hai| isako jyAdA vizvasanIya mAnanA caahiye| dUsarA hai navAba ke prakAzana meM diyA huaA kAlakAcArya kathA prAkRta vibhAga, jisameM naM. 3 vAle kahAvalI se liye hue saMdarbha ko pahale vibhAga meM zAmila karanA hogA aura isa se atirikta saba kathAnakoM ko dUsare vibhAga meN| kahAvalI ko dUsare vibhAga se prAcIna ginanI caahiye| bhASA kI dRSTi se vaha cUrNiyoM se jyAdA milatI hai| aura isameM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bAre meM granthakAra ne "saMpayaM devaloyaM go" aisA nirdeza kiyA hai| ataH kahAvalIkAra aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bIca meM pA~ca zatAbdi kA antara mAna lenA ucita nhiiN| 4 pahale vibhAga se sambandha rakhanevAlI haiM kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalI, aura nandIsUtra kI pttttaavlii| dUsarI paTTAvaliyoM se ye donoM jyAdA prAcIna haiN| duHSamAkAla zrIzramaNasaMghastotra aura hemacandrAcArya kI sthavirAvalI 44. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekhiye, jaina satyaprakAza (ahamadAbAda), varSa 17 aMka 4 (jAnyuaArI, 1952), pR006-61 /

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28 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya mI isa vibhAga se jyAdA sambandha rakhanevAle haiN| mestuGga kI vicArazreNi ityAdi dUsare vibhAga meM haiM kyoM ki una granthakAroM ke lie paramparA jyAdA vicchinna rUpa meM thiiN| hama dekhate haiM ki jyoM jyoM prAcIna prAcAryoM ke sAtha uttarakAlIna granthakAroM kA adhika vyavadhAna hotA jAtA hai tyoM tyoM prAcIna paramparA kI bAtoM kA adhika lopa hotA jAtA hai| aura paTTAvalI jitanI arvAcIna utanI hI adhika avizvasanIya hotI hai| ratnasaJcayaprakaraNa (vikrama kI 15-16 zatAbdI) meM cAra kAlakAcAryoM kA samaya nirdiSTa hai| jaba unase prAcIna granthakAra tIna kAlakAcAryoM kA samaya dete haiN| merutuMga ke sAmane bhI vicchinna paramparA thI aura bahuta virodhAbhAsavAlI bAteM bhI inakI likhI huI vicArazreNi meM dekhane milatI hai| muni kalyANavijayajI ne apane "vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA" ke pR. 55-57 pAdanoMdha 47 meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai| aisI paristhiti meM hameM prathama vibhAga ke granthoM aura granthakAroM ke AdhAra se hI chAnabina karake anumAna karanA ThIka hogaa| Arya kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAyeM mukhyataH sAta haiN| dUsare dUsare saMdarbho meM aura kathAnakoM meM ye sAta ghaTanAyeM milatI haiM, jaisA ki muni kalyANavijaya ne bhI batAyA hai| ve ghaTanAyeM nimnalikhita haiM--- (1) datta rAjA ke sAmane yajJaphala aura datta mRtyu-viSayaka bhaviSya-kathana (nimitta kthn)| (2) indra ke sAmane nigoda-vyAkhyAna zakra-saMstuta nigoda-vyAkhyAtA Arya kAlaka / (3) AjIvikoM se nimitta paTana aura tadanantara sAtavAhana rAjA ke tIna praznoM kA nimitta-jJAna se uttara denaa| (4) anuyoggrnth-nirmaann| - (5) gardabha-rAjA kA ucchedana / (6) pratiSThAnapura jA kara vahA~ sAtavAhana kI vijJapti se pardUSaNA parvatithi jo paccamI thI usake bajAya caturthI krnaa| (7) avinItaziSya-parihAra aura suvarNabhUmi-gamana / (1) turuviNI (yA turumiNI) nagarI ke rAjA jitazatru ko prapaJca se haThAkara kAlaka ke bhAgineya datta ne rAjya liyA aura bahuta yajJa kiye| garva se datta ne kAlakAcArya ko ina yajJoM kA phala puuchaa| jaba kAlaka ne kahA ki sAta dina meM datta barI taraha maregA taba kAlakAcArya ko kaida kiyA gayA magara ThIka vaise hI bare hAla datta mArA gayA jaisA ki kAlaka kA kathana thaa| satya-kathana, samyaka-kathana ke dRSTAnta meM yaha kathA dI gaI hai| - (2) isa ghaTanA meM camatkAra kA tattva jyAdA hone se isakA aitihAsika aMza pakar3anA muzkila hai| kathA aisI hai ki eka samaya indra ne pUrvavidehakSetra meM viharamAna tIrthaGkara sImandharasvAmI se nigoda-jIvoM ke viSaya meM sUkSma nirUpaNa sunaa| phira indra ne pUchA taba uttara milA ki usa samaya bhArata meM aisA sUkSma nirUpaNa karanevAle sirpha kAlakAcArya the| kutUhala se indra brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM Arya kAlaka ke pAsa gayA aura pRcchA karake nigoda-vyAkhyAna inase sunaa| bAda meM indra ne apanA zeSa AyuSya kitanA rahA hai aisI jaba pRcchA kI taba prAcArya ne apane jJAna se dekhA ki do sAgaropama AyuSya abhI usa brAhmaNa ke lie zeSa thA jo indra kA hI ho sakatA hai| ataH prAcArya ne kahA-"Apa to indra haiN|" prasanna ho kara indra calA gyaa| kathA ke camatkArika tattva ko chor3a deM to isa meM se do bAteM phalita hotI haiM vaha yAda rakhanA cAhiye-eka hai kAlakAcArya kA nigoda-jIvoM ke bAre meM sarvazreSTha jJAna aura dUsarA hai unakA jyotissjnyaan-nimittjnyaan|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 26 (3 aura 4) prasaGgoM kA vRttAnta hama paJcakalpabhASya aura cUrNi ke AdhAra se dekha cuke haiN| ina donoM ghaTanAoM meM Arya kAlaka ke nimittajJAna kA spaSTa nirdeza hai aura inake anuyoga-nirmANa kA ullekha bhI hai| inake lokAnuyoga meM bhI nimittazAstra thaa| ghaTanA (2) meM Arya kAlaka ke nimittajJAna kA mahattva sUcita hai hii| ataH (3) aura (4) ghaTanAoM ko bhI (2) ke sAtha hI jor3anA hogaa| yajJaphalakathanavAlI ghaTanA (1) meM bhI nimittajJAna kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai / ataH ghaTanA (1) se (4) eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI honI caahiye| - nigodavyAkhyAtA Arya kAlaka ke viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI likhate haiM :-"inako nirvANa se 3353 varSa ke anta meM yagapradhAnapaTa milA aura 41 varSa taka ye isa pada para raheM. jaisA ki sthavirAvalI kI gAthA meM kahA hai| 46 parantu vicArazreNi ke pariziSTa meM eka gAthA hai jo inakA vI0ni0 320 meM honA pratipAdita karatI hai| pAThakoM ke vilokanArtha vaha gAthA nIce uddhRta kI jAtI hai sirivIrajiNiMdAzro, varisasayA tinnivIsa (320) ahiyaano| kAlayasUrI jAno, sakko paDibohizro jeNa // 1 // mAlUma hotA hai ki isa gAthA kA zrAzaya kAlakasUri ke dIkSA samaya ko nirUpaNa karane kA hogaa|" Age munijI likhate haiM-"ratnasaJcaya meM 4 saMgRhIta gAthAeM haiM, jina meM vIra nirvANa se 335, 454,720, aura 663 meM kAlakAcAryanAmaka AcAryoM ke hone kA nirdeza hai| ina meM pahale aura dUsare samaya meM honevAle kAlakAcArya kramazaH nigoda vyAkhyAtA aura gardabhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya haiN|47 isameM to koI sandeha nahIM hai para 720 varSavAle kAlakAcArya ke astitva ke bAre meM abhI taka koI pramANa nahIM milaa| dUsare isa gAthokta kAlakAcArya ko zakra-saMstuta likhA hai jo ThIka nahIM kyoMki zakrasaMstuta aura nigodavyAkhyAtA eka hI the jo pannavaNAkartA aura zyAmAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha the aura unakA samaya vIrAt 335 se 376 taka nizcita hai| isase isa gAthokta samaya ke kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM sampUrNa sandeha hai|"48 munijI uttarAdhyayana-niyukti kI nimnalikhita gAthA (naM. 120) ko uddhRta karate haiM--- "ujeNi kAlakhamaNA, sAgarakhamaNA suvnnbhuumiie| iMdo zrAuyasesaM pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca // " uttarAdhyayana-sUtra, vibhAga 1, (de. lA. pu0 naM. 33, bambaI 1616), pR0 125-127. isa niyukti-gAthA se spaSTa hai ki niyuktikAra ke mata se suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle, sAgara ke dAdAguru AryakAlaka aura nigoda-vyAkhyAtA zakra-saMstuta AryakAlaka eka hI vyakti haiN| kintu munijI ko yaha maMjUra nahIM hai, ve isa niyuktigAthA para likhate haiM- "isa gAthA meM sAgara ke 45. muni kalyANavijaya, "vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA ( jAlora, vi0 saM0 1981), pR0 64, pAdoMdha 46. 46. gAthA ke lie dekho, vahI, pR0 61. yahA~ Aryasuhasti ke bAda guNasuMdara varSa 44 aura unake bAda nigodavyAkhyAtA kAlakAcArya varSa 41, unake bAda khaMdila (saMDila yA sAMDilya) 38 varSa taka yugapradhAna rahe aisA kahA gayA hai| saMDila ke bAda revatImitra yugapradhAna rhe| 47. ratnasaMcayaprakaraNa kI gAthAyeM Age dI gaI hai| 48. vIra nirvAgasaMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA pR064-65|

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30 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya dAdAguru kAlaMkAcArya ke sAtha indra kA prazna zrAdi honA likhA hai, gardabhillocchedaka, caturthI paySaNAkAraka aura avinIta-ziSya parihAraka eka hI kAlakAcArya the, jo 453 meM vidyamAna the aura zyAmAcArya kI apekSA dUsare the| prastuta sthavirAvalI kI gAthA meM prathama kAlakAcArya ko nigodavyAkhyAtA likhA hai jo ki isa viSaya kA eka spaSTa matabheda hai|" 49 vAstava meM munijI ke lie uttarAdhyayana niyukti ke isa vidhAna ko chor3akara anya kalpanA karane kA ucita nahIM hai kyoM ki niyukti kA pramANa merutuGga kI aura dUsarI madhyakAlI paTTAvaliyoM se prAcIna aura jyAdA vizvasanIya hai| phira bhI yahA~ eka bAta ko dekhanA jurUrI hogA ki munijI ke khayAla se bhI gaIbhillocchedaka, avinItaziSya-parihAraka (suvarNabhUmi ko jAnevAle) aura caturthI pardUSaNAkAraka kAlakAcArya eka hI vyakti the| (5) aba naM. 5 zrAdi ghaTanAyeM dekheN| zakakuloM ko bhArata meM lA kara gardabharAjA kA uccheda karane kI kathA itihAsavidoM ko supratIta hai| vahA~ bhI nimitta aura vidyAjJAna kA upayoga hotA hai| hama dekha cuke haiM ki bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi meM isa ghaTanA kA aura naM. 7 kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai magara donoM meM se eka bhI granthakAra ina donoM ghaTanAvAle kAlaka ke bhinna bhinna hone kA koI sUcana nahIM dete| aura jaba uttarAdhyayana- niyukti naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle kAlakAcArya ko eka hI vyakti mAnatI hai taba naM. 5, naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle kAlaka eka hI haiN| (6) naM. 6 vAlI ghaTanA meM kahA gayA hai ki balamitra-bhAnumitra nAmaka apane bhAgineya rAjAtroM se nArAja ho kara Arya kAlaka pratiSThAnapura jAne ko nikle| balamitra ke purohita ne jaina muniyoM ko akalpya zrAhAra dilavAnA zurU kiyA jisase sAdhutroM ko bhUkhe rahanA pdd'aa| ataH kAlakAcArya ne pratiSThAnapura jAne ke lie vihAra kiyaa| vahA~ ke rAjA sAlAhaNa (sAtavAhana-jo jaina dharma kI aora, vizeSataH AryakAlaka kI ora, abhiruci rakhatA hogA) ko zrAcArya ne kahA ki bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI ko paySaNA parva kro| rAjA ne kahA ki usa nagara meM vaha tithi zrAma prajA meM indra mahotsava kA parva manAI jAtI hai isa lie prAcArya kI AjJAnusAra paryuSaNAparva usa dina manAnA muzkila hogaa| rAjA ne dUsare dina parva manAne kI anujJA maaNgii| Arya kAlaka ne kahA ki tithi kA atikrama nahIM ho sakatA ataH pUrva dina ko-caturthI kopa!SaNA parva manAyo aura usa dina vidhipUrvaka zramaNoM ko AhAra bhI do| isa taraha prasaGgavaza kAlakAcArya ne caturthI mnaaii| aura usa dina se vaha tithi zramaNapUjA-parva rUpa se mahArASTra meM pracalita huii| __ jaise pahale kahA gayA hai, sirpha prabhAvaka prAcArya hI aise nirNaya de sakate haiM, jo yugapradhAna zrAcArya hoM, bar3e zrutadhara hoN| aura yahA~ bhI tithinirNaya kA prasaGga hone se yaha jyotiSazAstra-muhUrta aura nimitta-ko jAnanevAle Arya kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanA hI ho sakatI hai| phira yaha supratIta hai ki naM. 5 kI gardabharAjocchedavAlI ghaTanA meM balamitra-bhAnumitra kA nirdeza hone se naM. 5 aura naM. 6 ke Arya kAlaka eka hI vyakti haiM aura isa taraha jaise ki hama pIche dekha cuke haiM naM. 5, naM. 6, naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAlI ghaTanAoM ke kAlaka, eka hI haiN| naM. 3 aura 4 vAlI ghaTanAoM ke Arya kAlaka anuyogakAra haiM unakA aura suvarNa bhUmi jAnevAle (naM.7) kAlaka kA eka honA to pahile hI dekha cuke haiN| naM. 1 vAlI ghaTanA vistAra se Age dekheNge| anuyogakAra kAlaka nimittajJAnI haiM aura naM. 1 meM yajJaphala batalAne vAle kAlaka bhI samartha nimittajJAnI haiN| ataH vAstava meM ghaTanA naM. 1 se 7 ke nAyaka eka hI Arya kAlaka hoNge| yahI yukti-saGgata lagatA hai| 46. vahI, pR0 64-65 paadnoNdh|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya isI DhaMga se anveSaNa karane kA aura isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa karane kA prayatna muni kalyANavijayajI ne bhI kiyaa| muni jI ke khayAla se do kAlakAcArya he| magara jisa tarka se ve damare kAlaka ke sAtha bhinna ghaTanAoM ko jor3ate haiM isI tarkapaddhati se vAstava meM eka hI kAlaka ke sAtha saba ghaTanAoM kA sambandha siddha hotA hai, usa kAlaka kA samaya kucha bhI ho| eka se jyAdA kAlakAcArya kI samasyA kI upasthiti bAdake granthakAroM ke kAraNa aura kAlagaNanAoM meM honevAlI gar3abar3a ke kAraNa, khar3I huI hai| munijI ke tarka ko aura nirNaya ko savistara dekhane ke pahale hama yahA~ yaha batalAnA cAhate haiM ki hamArA ukta anumAna munijI kI tarkapaddhati se hI kiyA gayA hai| Apa likhate haiM-"gaI bhinlocchedavAlI ghaTanA meM yaha likhA hai ki ye kAlaka jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra ke prakhara vidvAn the| udhara pA~cavIM ghaTanA kAlaka ke nimittazAstrAdhyayana kA hI pratipAdana karatI hai| isase yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki ina donoM ghaTanAoM kA sambandha eka hI kAlakAcArya se hai|"50 jaba isI tarka se saba ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTita hotI haiM, taba kucha ghaTanAyeM pahile kAlakaparaka aura anya saba dUsare kAlakaparaka mAnanA aisA muni jI kA anumAna yuktisaGgata nahIM hai| saba ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI hai aise nirNaya ko dUsarI dRSTi se bhI puSTi milatI hai| hamane pahale batAyA hai usa taraha pahile vibhAga ke saMdarbho (niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya, kahAvalI ityAdi ) ko dekheM to koI bhI granthakAra do kAlaka kI hastI dikhalAte hI nhiiN| una saba saMdarbho kI chAnabIna karanI caahiye| hareka granthakAra bhinna bhinna viSaya kI carcA meM, kAlaka ke jIvana kI eka yA do yA tIna ghaTanAyeM dete haiM aura hareka granthakAra ke mata se ye ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka kI haiM kyoMki unhoMne virodhAtmaka sUcana diyA hI nahIM aura na inako aisI zaGkA utpanna ho sakatI thii| aba dekheM ki prAcIna grantha meM kaunasI ghaTanA hai 1. dazAcUrNi-isameM ghaTanA naM. 6-caturthIkaraNa---milatI hai / 2. bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi-ghaTanA naM. 7 aura ghaTanA naM. 5-giibhillocched| isa ke alAvA yavagajA, gardabha-yuvarAja aura aDoliyA vAlA kathAnaka (gardabha kA gardabharAjoccheda se sambandha hai magara usa vRttAnta meM kAlaka kA prasaGga nahIM hai)| yaha yavarAja aura gardabha vAlA vRttAnta hamane yahA~ pariziSTa meM diyA hai, gardabhilloM ke viSaya meM Age ke saMzodhana meM paNDitoM kI suvidhA ke khayAla se| 3. paJcakalpabhASya aura cUrNi-ghaTanA naM. 3--nimittapaThana, aura ghaTanA 4-anuyogagranyAdi nirmANa. 4. uttarAdhyayana niyukti aura cUrNi-ghaTanA naM. 7 - avinIta ziSya parihAra, suvarNabhUmigamana; aura ghaTanA naM. 2-nigoda vyAkhyAna. ___ 5. nizIthacUrNi-ghaTanA naM. 5----gardabhilloccheda aura ghaTanA naM. 6-caturthIkaraNa. 6. vyavahAra-cUrNi--Arya kAlaka ujjaina meM zakoM ko lAye aisA ullekha hai ataH vaha ghaTanA naM, 5 se sambandha rakhatI hai| 7. AvazyakacUrNi-ghaTanA naM. 1-datta ke sAmane yajJaphalakathana, 50. dekhiye, muni kalyANavijaya, Arya kAlaka, dvivedI abhinandana grantha, (nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, saM0 1660) pR0 115.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 8. kahAvalI -- ghaTanA naM. 5 ---- garchabhoccheda; ghaTanA naM. 6 - caturthIkaraNa; ghaTanA naM. 7 zravinIta ziSyaparihAra, suvarNabhUmigamana; ghaTanA naM. 1 - kAlaka aura dattarAjA. 32 atra jaba paJcakalpabhASya ke anusAra naM. 3 ra 4 vAle kAlaka eka haiM, uttarAdhyayana niryukti ke anusAra naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle eka haiM, aura jaba naM. 7 vAlI ghaTanA kA naM. 3 aura naM. 4 ke anuyogagranthoM se sambandha hai tatra naM. 3, 4, 7, aura 2 - ye saba ghaTanAe~ ekakAlakaparaka hotI haiM / nizIthacUrNi anusAra naM. 5 aura naM. 6 vAle AAryakAlaka eka haiM / aura bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra naM. 5 aura naM. 7 vAle eka haiM, ataH naM. 5, 6 aura naM. 7 vAle kAlaka to eka haiM hii| uttarAdhyayananiyukti aura cUrNa ke mata se naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle eka haiN| ataH naM. 5, 6, 7, 2 vAle eka hI kAlaka haiN| phira naM. 3 ra 4 vAle naM. 7 vAle kAlaka haiM vaha to spaSTa hai / " munizrI kalyANavijayajI ko yaha maMjUra hai / aura kahAvalI ke anusAra, naM. 5, naM. 6, naM. 7 aura naM. 1 vAle kAlaka eka haiN| ataH isa vibhAga ke granthoM ke sabhIkSaNa se ina granthakAroM ke khayAla meM ghaTanAoM naM. 1 se ghaTanA naM. 7 vAlI saba ghaTanA vAle kAlakAcArya eka hI hoNge| vaha kAlaka katra hue ? munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke mata se do kAlakAcArya hue --- pahale nirvANa saMvat 300 se 376 taka meM, ina kA janma ni. saM. 280 meM, dIkSA ni. saM. 300 meM, yugapradhAnapada ni. saM. 335 meM aura svargavAsa ni. saM. 316 meN| unake jIvana kI do ghaTanAe~ ghaTanA naM. 1 - yajJaphalakathana, aura ghaTanA naM. 2 - nigodavyAkhyAna | 5 2 munijI ke mata se, dUsare kAlaka ke jIvana meM ghaTanA 3 se 7 huii| aura ve ghaTanAyeM isa kramase huI :- : -- ghaTanA 3 ( nimitta paThana), vIra nirvANa saMvat 453 se pahale; ghaTanA 4 ( anuyoga nirmANa ), ni. saM. 453 se pahale; ghaTanA 5 ( gadde bhilloccheda), ni. saM. 453 meM; ghaTanA 6 ( caturthI paryUSaNA ), ni. saM. 451 * 465 ke bIca meM; ghaTanA 1 ( vinIta ziSya- parihAra ), ni. saM. 451 ke bAda aura 465 ke pahale5 7 / 3 Apa likhate haiM'jahA~ taka hama jAna sake haiM, uparyukta sAta ghaTanAoM ke sAtha do hI vyaktiyoM kA sambandha hai - prajJApanAkartA zyAmArya aura sarasvatI bhrAtA zrArya kAlaka / nigoda-pRcchA sambandhi ghaTanA, jo kAlaka kathAoM meM cauthI ghaTanA kahI gaI hai, hamArI samajha meM zrArya rakSita ke caritra kA anukaraNa hai / parantu isa viSaya meM nizcita mata denA dussAhasa hogA kyoM ki 'uttarAdhyayana-niryukti' meM eka gAthA hameM upalabdha hotI hai, jisakA Azaya yaha hai--" ujjayinI meM kAlaka kSamAzramaNa the aura suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara zramaNa | ( kAlaka suvarNabhUmi gaye, aura indra ne zrA kara ) zeSa AyuSya ke viSaya meM puuchaa| ( tatra kAlaka ne kahA ) indra haiN| Xxx isa varNana se yaha to mAnanA par3egA ki kAlaka ke pAsa indrAgamana sambandhi bAta 51. vinItaziSya - parihAra ( aura suvarNabhUmigamana) vAlI ghaTanA aura nimitta paThana aura anuyoga. nirmANavAlI ghaTanA ko chAnabIna kara ke munizrI likhate haiM--" ina donoM ghaTanAoM kA Antarika rahasya eka hI hai aura vaha yaha ki kAlaka ke ziSya unake kAbU meM na the|" isa qhayAla ko le kara munijI ne bhI batAyA hai ki ye ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI haiN| dvivedI abhinaMdana - grantha, pR0 115. 52. vahI, pR0 116-117. 53. vahI pR0 116-117 /

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25 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya bhI prAcIna hai| 54 uparyukta ghaTanA se yaha bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki sAgara ke dAdA-guru dUsare Arya kAlaka ke sAtha isa ghaTanA kA sambandha hai| parantu hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki yugapradhAna-sthavirAvalI meM "zyAmArya" nAmaka prathama kAlaka ko nigoda vyAkhyAtA kahA hai| aisI dazA meM nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki nigodavyAkhyAtA kAlakAcArya pahile the yA duusre|" 55 munijI ke ukta vidhAna meM vAstava meM AkharI vAkya kI jarUrata hI nahIM, kyoM ki nigodavyAkhyAna kA sambandha zyAmArya se ho sakatA hai athavA Arya rakSita se| hameM yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhiye ki isa ghaTanA meM indra apanA zeSa AyuSya pUchatA hai jo vAstava meM jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra kA viSaya hai| suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle aura anuyoga nirmAtA Arya kAlaka eka hI the aura ve nimittajJAnI the yaha to hama dekha cuke haiM aura ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle kAlaka eka hI haiM vaha to munijI ko bhI maMjUra hai| aba agara hama siddha kara sakeM ki anuyoga nirmAtA Arya kAlaka vaha zyAmArya hI ho sakate haiM taba ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle kAlaka ko bhI zyAmArya mAnanA pdd'egaa| aura uttarAdhyayananiyukti-gAthA-(jo prAcIna hone se jyAdA vizvasanIya honI cAhiye) bhI saccI siddha hogii| hama kaha cuke haiM ki Arya rakSita ne anuyoga-pRthaktva kiyA aura anuyoga ke cAra bhAga kiye| Arya rakSita kA samaya hai Arya vajra ke bAda kA, matalaba ki ni0 saM0 584 se 597 aAsapAsa,56 I0 sa0 57 se 70 aaaspaas| Arya kAlaka ne lokAnuyoga, gaNDikAnuyoga, prathamAnuyoga Adi kA nirmANa kiyA jaisA ki paJcakalpabhASya meM kahA gayA hai| isa ke bAda hI anuyoga pRthaktva ho sakatA hai| kAlaka ke anuyoga ke Arya rakSita ke anuyoga pRthak va se pUrvavartI hone kA eka aura pramANa bhI milatA hai| isa viSaya meM muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne likhA hai ki-"nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga kA ullekha milatA hai| vahA~ prathamAnuyoga ke sAtha lagA huA 'mUla' zabda nandI ke racanAkAla meM do prathamAnuyogoM ke astitva kI gUDha sUcanA detA hai| yadyapi TIkAkAra isa 'mUla' zabda kA prayoga tIrthaGkaroM ke artha meM batAte haiM, tathApi vastusthiti kucha aura hI mAlUma hotI hai|57 aAvazyaka-niyukti prAdi jaina siddhAnta-granthoM meM yaha bAta spaSTa likhI milatI hai ki Arya rakSita sUrijI ne anuyoga ko cAra vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA thA 58 ____54. vAstava meM isa ghaTanA kA Arya rakSita se sambandha taba jor3A gayA jaba kAlaka ke anuyoga kA sthAna Arya rakSita ke anuyoga-pRthaktva ne liyA / ata: uttarAdhyayana-niyukti-gAthA meM zaGkA rakhane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| 55. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 114 / 56. dekhiye, pahAvalI samuccaya, siri dusamAkAla-samaNasaMgha-thayaM, pR0 11-18. 57. nandIsUtra kA yaha ullekha aisA hai : se kiM taM aNuoge ? aNuoge duvihe paNNatte / taM jahA-mUlapaDhamANuoge, gaMDiyANuoge ya / / se kiM taM mUlapaDhamANuoge ? mUlapaDhamANuoge NaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM puzvabhavA devagamaNAI AuM cavaNAI jammaNANi abhiseA rAyavarasirIo pavvajjAo......evamAibhAvA mUlapaDhamANuoge kahiA, se taM mUlapaDhamANuoge, se kiM taM gaMDiANuoge ? 2 kulagaragaMDiAo tithatyaragaMDiAo cakkavaTTigaMDiAo dasAragaMDiAo baladevagaMDiAo, vAsudevagaMDiAo gaNadharagaDiAo bhaddabAhugaMDiAo tokammagar3iAo...se taM gaMDiANuoge, se taM annuoge| -nandIsUtra (Agamodaya-samiti, sUrata ) sU, 56, pa. 237-238 aura pR0 241 para kI TIkA. 58. yaha gAthA aisI hai--deviMdavaMdiehi mahANubhAgehi rakikhaajjehiM / jugamAsajja vibhatto aNuogo to kao cauhA // -Avazyaka hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 266, niyukti gAthA, 114.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya jisa ke eka vibhAga kA nAma 'dharmakathAnuyoga' thaa| isa dharmakathAnuyoga meM uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi sUtroM ko rakkhA thA 59 / parantu nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga kA jo varNana diyA hai vaha isa AryarakSitavAle dharmakathAnuyoga ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtA / " ye nAma kAlaka ke anuyogoM ke haiM, AryarakSita ke cAra anuyoga bhinna bhinna nAmoM se pichAne gaye haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki nandIsUtrakAra ke kathanAnusAra mUlaprathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaGkara, gaNadhara, pUrvadhara, Adi ke anazana zrAdi viSayoM kA varNana hai| Arya kAlaka ke 'prathamAnuyoga' meM bhI hama dekha cuke haiM ki tIrthaGkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi ke pUrvabhavoM aura caritroM kA varNana thA, jaisA ki paJcakalpabhASya kA kahanA hai| ataH vAstava meM nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga ke nirdeza meM sUtrakAra Arya kAlaka ke anuyoga-granthoM kA hI ullekha kara rahe the aura isI lie inhoMne mUla-prathamAnuyoga aisA zabdaprayoga kiyaa| kyoM ki ye mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyogakAra Arya kAlaka Arya rakSita se pUrvavartI hI ho sakate haiM ataH ve (munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke) prathama kAlaka-Arya zyAma hI ho sakate haiN| jaba anuyoga nirmAtA (ghaTanA 4) Arya kAlaka vaha zyAmArya hI haiM taba pUrvAkta prakAra se ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle Arya kAlaka bhI vahI zyAmArya hI haiN| isa saba carcA se phalita hotA hai ki AryakAlaka kAlpanika nahIM kintu aitihAsika vyakti haiM jinhoM ne mUlaprathamAnuyoga Adi kA nirmANa kiyA aura jinakA nandIsUtrakAra bhI pramANa dete haiN| inake lokAnuyoga meM nimittazAstra thA aisA paJcakalpabhASya kA pramANa hai| usI nimittazAstra ke eka viSaya-pravrajyA ke bAre meM kAlaka ke mata kA anusaraNa varAhamihira ne kiyA aura usI viSaya kI gAthAyeM bhI hameM utpalabhaTTa kI TIkA meM prApta hotI haiN| ina saba sAkSiyoM ke sAmane aArya kAlaka ke aitihAsika vyakti hone ke bAre meM aba koI bhI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| aura anuyogakAra kAlaka vaha AryarakSita ke pUrvavartI zyAmArya (prathama kAlaka) hI haiN| ataH ghaTanA 3 se 7 vAle kAlaka bhI zyAmArya haiM na ki munijI ke dvitIya kaalk| . prAcIna aura arvAcIna paNDitoM-granthakAroM ke mata se zyAmArya prathama kAlakAcArya mAne jAte haiN| Arya zyAma aura Arya kAlaka ye donoM nAma paryAyarUpa se eka hI vyakti ke lie upayoga meM liye gaye haiN| isI taraha sAgara kA paryAya hotA hai smudr| kisI bhI paTTAvalI meM hameM Arya kAlaka ke praziSya Arya sAgara nahIM milate kintu Arya zyAma ke praziSya Arya samudra avazya milate haiN| aura yaha ullekha bhI nandIsUtra kI thavirAvalI meM hai jo prAcIna bhI hai aura vizvasanIya bhii| nandIsUtra paTTAvalI kA ullekha dekhanA cAhiye----- hAriyaguttaM sAI ca, vaMdimo hAriyaM ca sAmajja / vande kosiyagottaM, saMDillaM ajja jIyadharaM // 26 // 56. dekho--kAliyasuyaM ca isibhAsiyAI taio ya suurpnnnnttii| samvo ya dihivAo cauttho hoi aNuogo / ___~-AvazyakasUtra, hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 306, mUlabhASyagAthA, 124. AryarakSitakRta cAra anuyogoM ke nAma haiM-caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, kAlAnuyoga aura drvyaanuyog| 60. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 106-107 / munijI likhate haiM-- " yadyapi AvazyakamUlabhASya meM 'caraNakaraNAnuyoga' pahilA kahA gayA hai aura dharmakathAnuyoga' dUsarA, tathApi isa kathAnuyoga ko prathamAnuyoga kahane se yaha zAta hotA hai ki pahale ke cAra anuyogoM meM dharmakathAnuyoga' kA naMbara pahilA hogaa| -vahI, pR0 106, pAdanoMdha 3

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya tisamudakhAyakittiM dIvasamuddesu gahiyapeyAlaM / vande ajjasamudaM, akkhubhiyasamuddagaMbhIraM / / 17 / / 6' uparyukta gAthAoM meM zyAmArya ke bAda saMDilla (zANDilya) aura unake bAda Arya samudra ko pAte haiN| Arya zyAma ko prathama kAlaka mAnanevAle (arthAt "zyAma" aura "kAlaka" ko eka hI vyakti ke nAma ke paryAya ginanevAle) meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI, DaoN0 DablyU. naoNrmana brAuna Adi saba aAdhunika paNDita sammata haiN| jaina paramparA meM bhI yahI dekhane milatA hai| 2 sthavirAvaliyoM, paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra prathama kAlaka Urpha Arya zyAma guNasundara ke anuvartI sthavira aura paTTadhara haiN| 63 merutuGga kI vicArazreNi meM bhI ajjamahAgiri tIsaM, ajjasuhatthINa varisa chaayaalaa| guNasuMdara caubAlA, evaM tisayA pnntiisaa|| tatto igacAlIsaM, nigoya-vakkhAya kaalgaayriyo| ahattIsaM khaMdila (saMDila), evaM causaya cauddasaya / / revaimitte chattIsa, ajjamaMgu a vIsa evaM tu / causaya sattari, causaya tipanne kAlago jAyo / cauvIsa ajjadhamme eguNacAlIsa bhadagutte a64 jainasAhitya-saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, aGka 3-4, pariziSTa ratnasaJcaya-prakaraNa (anumAna se vikrama 16 vIM zatAbdi), jisameM cAra kAlakAcAryoM kA ullekha hai, usameM bhI prathama kAlaka zyAmArya hI mAne gaye haiM 61. nandIsUtra ( Agamodayasamiti, sUrata, I0 sa0 1617), pR0 46. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, ( sampAdaka, mu0 darzanavijaya, vIramagAma, I0 sa0 1633 ), pR0 13. DaoN0 pITarasana, e tharDa rIporTa oNpha oNparezansa ina sarca oNpha saMskRta menyuskripTsa ina dha baoNmbe sarkala, (bambaI, I. sa. 1881 ) meM pR. 303 para, vinayacandra (vi0 saM0 1325 ) racita kalpAdhyayanadurgapadanirukta ke avataraNa meM kisI sthavirAvalI kI gAthAyeM haiM, jahA~ sUrivalissaha sAI sAmajjo saMDilo ya jiiydhro| ajjasamuddo bhaMgU naMdillo nAgahatthI ya // 2 // aisA pAyA jAtA hai| yahI gAthA merutuGgakI vicArazreNi-antargata sthavirAlI meM bhI hai| 62. dekho. brAuna. dha sTori oNpha kAlaka, pa0 5-6 aura paadnoNdh| 63. vahI, pR0 5. zrI dharmasAgaragaNi-kRta tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI meM bhI-" atra zrIAryasuhastizrIvajrasvAminorantarAle 1 guNasandarasUriH, 2 zrIkAlikAcAryaH, 3 zrIskandilAcAryaH, 4 zrIrevatImitrasUriH, 5 zrIdharmasUriH" aisA batAyA gayA hai-paTTAvalI-samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 16 / 64. DA0 bhAu dAjI ne jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe brAnca oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTi, vaoN 0 6 10 147-157 meM merutuGga kI sthavirAvalI kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne apane vIra-nirvANa-samvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR061 para sthavirAvalI yA yugapadhAnapaTTAvalI kI gAthAyeM dI haiM, ve vahI haiM jo merutuGga ne dI haiN| zyAmArya hue Arya mahAgiri kI paramparA meM jo vAcakavaMza rUpa se pichAnA gayA hai, merutuGga ne Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA ke sthaviroM kI alaga gAthAyeM bhI dI haiM :--" sUri balissaha sAI sAmajo saMDilo ya jiiydhro| ajasamuddo maMgu naMdillo nAgahatyI y|" ityAdi, dekho, jainasAhitya-saMzodhaka, 2, 3-4, pariziSTa, pR0 5 / /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya sirivIrAao gaesu paNatIsasahiesu tisaya (335) varisesu / paDhamo kAlagasUrI, jAno sAmajjanAmutti / / 55 // causaya tipanna (453) varise kAlagaguruNA sarassai ghishraa| causayasattari varise vIrAzro vikkamo jAno // 56 // paMceva varisasae, siddhaseNo divAyaro jaao| sattasayavIsa (720) ahie kAligagurU sakkasaMthuNio // 57 / / navasayateNauehiM (663), samaikkaMtehi vddhmaannaashro| pajjosavaNacautthI, kAlikasUrI hiMto ThavizrA / / 58 // 65 kAlakAcArya-kathAnakoM meM kAlaka ke guru kA nAma guNAkara, yA guNasundara, yA guNandhara milatA hai| devacandrasUri Adi racita sarva kAlakakathAnakoM ke nAyaka vahI Arya kAlaka the jinake guru guNAkara, guNasundara zrAdi nAmoM se uddiSTa the| aura jaba Arya zyAma ko prathama kAlaka mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai aura jaba inhI kAlaka ke guru yA purogAmI paTTadhara sthavira Arya guNasundara the, taba yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAlaka-kathAnakoM meM uhiSTa (sarva ghaTanAtroM ke nAyaka) Arya kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiN| kisI kathAkAra ne aisA nahIM batalAyA ki bhinna bhinna ghaTanAtroM ke nAyaka bhinna bhinna kAlaka the| sarva kathAnakoM meM prathama kAlaka ke janma, dIkSA guru Adi ke nirdeza ke bAda ghaTanAtroM ke varNana kramazaH diye gaye haiN| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki kathAnakoM meM varNita ghaTanAtroM ke nAyaka yaha kAlaka haiM jo sthavira Arya guNasundara ke anugAmI the aura jinako sthavira Arya zyAma nAma se therAvaliyoM meM vandanA kI gaI hai| sarva therAvaliyoM meM zyAmArya kA krama yA samaya eka hI hai| eka nAma ke eka se jyAdA prAcArya honA sambhavita hai aura aise kaI dRSTAnta jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM maujUda haiN| kAlaka nAma ke bhI dUsare AcArya hue hoMge, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki kathAnakoM ke nAyaka prathama kAlaka hI the| ina prathama kAlaka-Arya zyAma kA samaya ratnasaJcaya prakaraNa kI uparyukta gAthA ke anusAra vIrAt 335 varSa hai| merutuGga kI vicArazreNi ke pariziSTa meM eka gAthA hai sirivIrajiNiMdAzro, varisasayA tinnivIsa (320) ahiyaano| kAlayasUrI jAao, sakko paDibohizro jeNa / / yaha gAthA bhI zyAmArya ko kAlaka mAnatI hai magara unakA samaya vIrAt 320 batAtI hai| munizrI kalyANavijaya likhate haiM-" mAlUma hotA hai, isa gAthA kA zrAzaya kAlakasUri ke dIkSA samaya kA nirUpaNa karane kA hogaa|" 66 yaha merutuGga zAyada aJcalagaccha ke haiM aura prabandhacintAmaNi ke kartA merutuGga se bhinna 65. vIra-nirvANa-sambat aura jaina-kAla-gaNanA, pR0 65, pAdanoMdha 46. yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnasaJcayaprakaraNa kI cAra kAlakaviSayaka mAnyatA galata hai / catuthIM tithi ko pa!SaNAparva manAne kI hakIkata vIrAt 663 varSa meM hue kAlaka ke sAtha nahIM jor3I jA sakatI, kyoM ki paryuSaNAparva tithi caturthI ko manAnevAle kAlaka sAtavAhana rAjA ke samaya meM hue the| cAra kAlaka kI kalpanA kA nirasana munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne Arya-kAlaka nAmaka lekha meM kiyA hai, dekho dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 64-117 / 66. vIra-nirvANa sambat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR0 64, pAdanoMdha 46 / merutuGga kI vicArazreNi, tadantargata sthavirAvalI ityAdi ke bAre meM jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe brAnca oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bhAga : (1867-70) meM DaoN0 bhAu dAjI kA vivecana bhI dekhiye|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 26 hoMge aisA khayAla paNDita lAlacandra gAndhI kA hai / ina merutuGga kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1403 se 1471 ke bIca meM hai| .7 inhIM ke AdhAra se zrArya zyAma kA samaya nirNIta karanA ThIka na hogA / kintu saba jainAcArya prathama kAlaka yA zyAmArya kA samaya yahI batalAte haiN| duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaGghastotra aura usakI vari ke anusAra prathama kAlaka kA yahI samaya hai / 68 nandIsUtrAntargata sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zyAmArya aura sthavira zrArya suhasti ke bIca meM balissaha aura svAti hue| merutuGga kI vicArazreNi antargata sthavirAvalI-gAthAnusAra suhasti ke bAda guNasuMdara 44 varSa taka aura zrAryakAlaka 41 varSa taka paTTadhara rahe / (prathama) kAlaka yA zyAmArya ke samaya ke viSaya meM to prAcIna arvAcIna sabhI paNDitoM kA khyAla eka-sA hai - inakA yugapradhAnapada vIra- nirvANa saMvat 335 meM aura svargavAsa vI0 ni0 saM0 376 meN| atra jaina paramparA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa kA samaya hai vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa pUrva, ataH I0 sa0 pUrva 527 hogaa| isa hisAba se zyAmArya kA yugapradhAnatva hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 taka / DA0 yAkobI ke matAnusAra agara vIra nirvANa I0 sa0 pUrva 467 meM huA, to zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 taka / uparyukta donoM samaya meM se kaunasA grAhya hai yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki vIra nirvANa ke samaya ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai / kintu donoM meM se koI bhI samaya grAhya ho, para usase zrArya kAlaka kA suvarNabhUmi jAnA asambhava nahIM hai / hama dekha cuke haiM ki I0 sa0 pUrva prathama-dvitIya zatAbdi meM bhArata suvarNabhUmi se suparicita thA / 151 hamane yaha bhI jAna liyA hai ki ghaTanA 1 se 7 eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI honI caahiye| taba gardabha rAjA ke ucchedakArya kAlaka kA samaya bhI I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se taka yA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 taka ho jAtA hai / zaGkA hogI ki yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaba ki gardabha - rAjA ke ucchedaka kAlaka ke kathAnaka kA sambandha hai vikrama ke sAtha aura usa vikrama aura zakoM ke punarrAjyasthApana (zaka saMvat) ke bIca meM 135 varSa kA antara jaina paramparA ko bhI maMjUra hai| kintu yahA~ dekhane kA yaha hai ki kAlaka - kathAnaka kA sambandha hai zakoM ke prathama zrAgamana aura rAjyasthApana ke sAtha na ki I0 sa0 78 meM jinhoMne zaka saMvat calAyA una zakoM ke saath| muni kalyANavijayajI ne jaina paramparAoM ko lekara kAlaka, gardabha, vikrama Adi ke samaya nirNaya kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha dekhanA caahiye| unhoMne apanA "vIra nirvANasambat aura jaina kAlagaNanA " nAmaka grantha meM isa viSaya kI carcA meM kahA hai ki puSyamitra zuGga ke rAjya ke 35 veM varSa ke lagabhaga ( jo zAyada thA usake rAjya kA AkharI varSa ) "lATa deza kI rAjadhAnI bharukaccha (bharoca) meM balamitra kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| balamitra - bhAnumitra ke rAjya ke 47 veM varSa ke AsapAsa ujjayinI meM eka aniSTa ghaTanA ho gii| vahA~ ke garchabhillavaMzIya rAjA darpaNa ne kAlakasUri nAma ke jainAcArya kI bahana sarasvatI sAdhvI ko jabaran par3ade meM DAla diyA / " isake bAda kAlaka ke pArasakUla jA kara zakoM ko bhArata meM lAnevAlI nizIthacUrNi aura kahAvalI meM pAI jAtI hakIkata de kara munijI batalAte haiM ki lATa deza ke 67. pITarasana, riporTa, vaoNlyuma 4, pR0 xcviii / agara prabandhacintAmaNikAra aura vicArazroNikAra eka hoM taba inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1366 1 68. paTTAvalI - samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 16-17. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekho, brAuna, dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR0 5-6, aura pAdanoMdha 23 - 33; aura dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 64-116 /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya rAjA balamitra-bhAnumitra Adi bhI zAhoM ke sAtha ho gaye (prastuta viSaya meM kahAvalI kA ullekha-"tAhe je gaddahilleNavamANiyA lADarAyANo aNNe ya te miliu savvehiM pi rohiyA ujenni|"-munijii ke anumAna kA AdhAra hai)| vAstava meM kahAvalI meM lATa ke rAjAoM ke nAma nahIM haiN| phira bhI munijI kA anumAna ThIka ho sakatA hai| kAlaka sUri kI sUcanAnusAra gaI bhilla ko padacyuta karake jIvita chor3a diyA gayA aura ujjayinI ke rAjyAsana para usa zAha ko biThAyA gayA jisa ke yahA~ kAlaka Thahare the| munijI khikhate haiM--"ukta ghaTanA balamitra ke rAjyakAla ke 48 varSa ke anta meM ghttii| yaha samaya vIra nirvANa kA 453 vA~ varSa thaa| 4 varSa taka zakoM kA adhikAra rahane ke bAda balamitra-bhAnumitra ne ujayinI para adhikAra kara liyA aura 8 varSa taka vahA~ rAjya kiyA; bharoja meM 52 varSa aura ujaina meM 8 varSa, saba mila kara 60 varSa taka balamitra-bhAnumitra ne rAjya kiyaa| yahI jainoM kA balamitra pichale samaya meM vikramAditya ke nAma se prasiddha huaaa| ...balamitra-bhAnumitra ke bAda ujjayinI ke takhta para nabhaHsena baitthaa| nabhaHsena ke pAMcaveM varSa meM zaka logoM ne phira mAlavA para hallA kiyA jisakA mAlava prajA ne bahAdurI ke sAtha sAmanA kiyA aura vijaya paaii| isa zAnadAra jIta kI yAda meM mAlava prajA ne 'mAlava-saMvat' nAmaka eka saMvatsara bhI lAyA jo bAda meM vikrama saMvat ke nAma se prasiddha huaa|"70 66. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 54-55 / munizrI pAdanoMdha meM likhate haiM---merutuGga kI vicArazreNi meM dI huI gAthA meM sagassa cau' arthAt 'ujjayinI meM zaka kA 4 varSa taka rAjya rahA' isa ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ujjayinI zakoM ke hAtha meM cAra varSa taka hI rahI thii| kAlakAcArya-kathA kI "bala mitta bhANumittA, Asi avaMtIi raayjuvraayaa| niya bhANijjatti tayA, tattha gao kaalgaayrio||" isa gAthA meM aura nizIthacUrNi ke-"kAlagAyario viharaMto ujjeNi gto| tattha vAsAvAsaM tthito| tattha NagarIe balamitto rAyA, tassa kaniTTho mAyA bhANumitto juvarAyA xxxx"-isa ullekha meM balamitra ko ujjayinI kA rAjA likhA hai| isa se yaha nizcita hotA hai ki......ujjayinI ko sara karane ke bAda unhoMne (Arya kAlaka ne) vahA~ ke takhta para zaka maMDalika ko biThAyA thA para bAda meM usakI zakti kama ho gaI thI, zaka maMDalika aura usa jAti ke anya adhikArI puruSoM ne avaMti ke takhtanazIna zaka rAjA kA pakSa choDa diyA thaa|" isI ke samarthana meM munijI vyavahAracUArNa kA avataraNa dete haiM : " yadA kAlaeNa sagA ANItA so sagarAyA ujjeNIe rAyahANIe tassaMgaNijjagA 'zramaM jAtIe sarito 'tti kAuM ganveNaM taM rAyaM Na suTa sevNti| rAyA tesiM vitti Na deti| avittIyA teraNaM ADhataM kAuM te NAuM bahujaNeNa vieNavieNa te NivvisatA katA, te aNNaM rAyaM zrolaggaNaTaThAe uvgtaa|" isa se munijI kA anumAna hai ki yaha zakarAjA kucha samaya ke bAda haThA diyA gayA hogaa| 70. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 55-56 / munijI isI nibandha meM pR0 58 pAdoMdha 42 meM likhate haiM :-- vicArazreNi Adi meM jo saMzodhita gAthAe~ haiM unameM isakA (nabha:sena kA) nAma 'navAhana' likhA hai jo galata hai| titthogAlI meM bala mitra-bhAnumitra ke bAda ujjayinI kA rAjA nabhaHsena likhA hai| 'navAhana' jisake nAmAntara naravAhana' aura 'dadhivAhana' bhI milate haiM, bharoca kA rAjA thaa| sikkoM para isa kA nAma 'nahapAna' bhI milatA hai| pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana ne isa ke Upara aneka bAra car3hAiyA~ kI thiiN|" vicArazreNi antargata gAthAyeM nimnollikhita haiM jaM rayANaM kAlago arihA titthaGkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayaNimavaMtII ahisitto pAlago raayaa|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 31 - balamitra-bhAnumitra kahIM bharoca ke aura kahIM ujjayinI ke rAje kahe gae haiN| munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ke mata se usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve pahale bharoca ke rAjA the para zaka ko harA kara ve ujjayinI yA avanti ke bhI rAjA bane the| isa viSaya meM jo hakIkata kathAnaka aAdi se upalabdha hai vaha hameM dekhanI cAhiye--nizIthacUrNi meM gaIbhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA varNita hai magara bAda kI rAjyavyavasthA kA ullekha nahIM hai| caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA bhI isI cUrNi meM hai, vahA~ likhA hai-"kAlagAyarizro viharaMto ujjeNiM gto| ...tattha ya nagarIe balamitto raayaa|" 71 dazAcUrNi meM bhI caturthIkaraNa vAlI ghaTanA meM "ujjeNIe nagarIe balametta-bhANumettA rAyANo" aisA kahA hai|72 kahAvalI meM gaIbhilloccheda ke bAda kI vyavasthA kA nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu caturthIkaraNavAle kathAnaka meM kahAvalIkAra likhate haiM--"sAhippamuharANaehiM cAhi sitto ujjeNIe kAlagasUribhANejjo balamitto nAma raayaa|"73 isa taraha balamitra ke ujjayinI ke rAjA hone ke bAre meM prAcIna sAkSI avazya hai kintu kaI kathAnakoM meM caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA ke varNana meM balamitra ko " bhanaccha" (bharoMca) meM rAjya karatA batalAyA hai|74 kAlaka-paraka sabhI kathAnakoM meM saTThI pAlagaranno paNavannasayaM tu hoi nandANaM / aTThasayaM muriyANaM tIsacciya pUsamittassa // balamitta-bhANumittANa sachi varisANi catta nhvhnne| taha gaddabhillarajjaM terasa vAse sagassa cuu| (jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2 aGka 4 pariziSTa pR02) vAstava meM yahA~ AkharI gAthA vizvasanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki balamitra bhAnumitra ke 60 varSa, nahavAhana (yA nabhaHsena) ke 40 varSa, bAda meM gaIbhilla ke 13 varSa, aura zaka ke rAjya ke 4 varSa kahe haiM gaye haiM aura yaha nirvivAda hai ki gardabhilocchedaka caturthIkAraka Arya kAlaka balamitra ke samakAlIna the| 71. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 2, nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza. 72. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, saMdarbha 6, pR0 5. 73. vahI, prAkRtakathAvibhAga, kathA naM. 3, pR0 37. 74. vahI, pR0 14, devacandrasUriviracitakathA (racanA saMvat 1146 = I0 sa0 1086 ) meM; vahI, pR0 31, maladhArI zrI hemacandraviracita kathA ( racanA vi0 saM0 12 zatAbdi ) meM; vahI, pR0 45, azAtasUriviracita kathA meM, vahI, pR0 70, azAtasUriviracita anya kathA meM; vahI, pR0 87 zrI bhAvadevasUriracita kathA ( racanA saMvat 1312 = I0 sa0 1255 ) meM,--ityAdi kathAnakoM meM balamitra ko bharukaccha kA rAjA batalAyA hai| kintu, jayAnandasUri-viracita prAkRta kathA ( racanA anumAna se vi0 saM0 1410 AsapAsa ) meM balamitrabhAnumitra ko avanti ke rAjA aura yuvarAja batAye haiN| isI kathAnaka meM gaIbhilloccheda ke bAda zaka ko rAjA banAyA itanA hI ulekha hai| navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 107. vahI, pR0 55, zrI dharmaghoSasUri ( vi0 saM0 1300-1357 AsapAsa ) likhate haiM ki jisa zaka rAjA ke pAsa Aye kAlaka rahe the usako kAlakAcArya ne avanti kA rAjA banAyA aura dUsare zaka usa rAjA ke sevaka bane kintu dharmaghoSasari likhate haiM ki dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra ye saba sevaka kAlaka ke bhAgineya ke sevaka bane jappAse sUriThio sa'vaMtipahu Asi sevagA sesaa| anne bhaNaMti guruNo bhANijjA seviyA tehiM // 43 // jaM bhaNio nivapurao, sa gao te hiM saha sUriNo a sgo| sagakUla AgayAtta ya, sagutti to Asi tavvaMso // 44 / / . 74 //

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32 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya garddabhilla ke, balamitra ke, yA zakoM ke rAjya ke varSa Adi nahIM diye gaye / kintu garddabhilloccheda ke bAda avanti meM kauna rAjA huA isa viSaya meM qarIba saba kathAnakoM aura prAcIna saMdarbhoM kA nirdeza yahI hai ki garddabhilla ke bAda zaka rAjA huaa| usake bAda balamitra avanti kA rAjA huA ? aura aisA huA to kaba huA ? ina saba bAtoM kA nizcaya karanA muzkila hai kyoM ki caturthIkaraNAvAlI ghaTanA garddabhiloccheda ke pUrva yA pazcAt huI usakA pakkA patA nahIM lgtaa| agara bAda meM huI - jaisA ki jyAdaha sambhava hai - tatra bhI bala mitra avanti-ujjayinI meM rAjA thA yA bharukaccha meM ? isa viSaya meM matabheda rahegA / mAna leM ki usa samaya balamitra ujjayinI meM thA taba bhI usake bAda kauna rAjA huA ? kathAnakoM ke aspaSTa ullekhoM kA sArAMza to yaha hai ki usa zakarAjA se jo vaMza calA vaha zakakula- zakavaMza nAma se prasiddha aura kAlAntara huA meM usa vaMza kA unmUlana vikrama ne kiyaa| usake ( vikrama ke ) vaMza ke bAda phira zaka rAjA huA jisakA zakasaMvat ( I0 sa0 78 se ) claa| isa saMvat aura vikrama saMvat meM 135 varSakA antara hai| koI saMdarbha yA kathA yaha nahIM kahatI ki balamitra yahI vikramAditya hai / balamitra ko vikramAditya ginane se garchabhillocchedaka kAlaka kA samaya jo vAstava meM vIrAt 335 - 376 AsapAsa hai usako haThAkara vIrAt 453 mAnanA par3atA hai aura vIrAt 453 aura 470 ke bIca balamitra, nabhaHsena, aura zakarAjA ke rAjyavarSa ghaTAne par3ate haiM / 75 yahA~ hama pahale to titthoggAlI painnaya ke ullekha ko dekheM- "jaM rayariMga siddhigayro, arahA titthaMkaro mahAvIro / taM rayaNimavaMtIe, abhisitto pAlo rAyA // / 620 // phira Age caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA meM likhA hai- balamitta bhANumittA, AsI avaMtI rAya juvarAyA | biMti pare bharuacche, kAlayasUrI vi tattha gayo || 47 // vahI pR0 55 75. devacandrasUri-racita kathAnaka ( racanA saM0 1146 = 1086 I0 sa0 ) meM kahA gayA hai-- " sagakUlAo jeNaM samAgayA teNa te sagA jAyA / evaM sagarAIM, eso vaMso samuppaNNo // 62 // kAlaMtareNa kerAi, uppADentA sagANa taM vaMsaM / jAo mAlavarAyA, NAmeNaM vikkamAicco || 64 // payarAvi dharAe riNaparihINaM jaNaM viheUNa | gururatthaviyarAyio saMvaccharo jeNa // 67 // tassa vi vaMsaM uppADiUNa jAo puNo vi sagarAyA / ujjeNipuravarI, payapaMkaya paraNayasAmaMto // 68 // paNatI se vAsasae, vikrama saMvaccharAo volI / parivattiUNa Thavio, jeNaM saMvaccharo giyago // 70 // navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 13. 12 zatAbdi ) viracita kathAnaka meM hai, 1312 = 1255 I0 sa0 ) bhI isI matalaba isI matalaba kA bidhAna maladhAri zrI hemacandrasUri ( vi0 saM0 dekho navAba, vahI, pR0 30 / vahI, pR0 81 para bhAvadevasUri ( vi0 saM0 kA vidhAna karate haiN| vahI, pR0 13 para zrI dharmaprabhasUri (vi. saM. 1398 ) bhI aisA ullekha karate haiN|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 33 pAlagaragaNo saTThI, puNa paNNasayaM viyANi NaMdANam / muriyANaM sadvisayaM, paNa tIsA pUsamittANam (ttatsa) // 621 // balamitta bhANumittA, saThThI cattAya hoMti nhsenne| gaddabhasayamegaM puNa, paDivanno to sago raayaa|| 622 // paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA, chacceva hoMti vaassyaa| parinivvuassa'rihato, to uppanno (paDivanno) sago raayaa||623 // 76 isa taraha zaka saMvat jo I0 sa0 78 se zurU hotA hai usako calAne vAle zakarAjA ke pUrva 100 varSa gardabhilloM ke, 40 varSa nabhaHsena ke aura 60 varSa balamitra ke batAye gaye haiN| digambara tiloyapaeNatti meM bhI aisI kAlagaNanA milatI hai kintu kucha farka ke sAtha jakkAle vIrajiNo niHsesasaMpayaM smaavnnnno| takkAle abhisitto pAlayaNAma avNtisudo|| 1505 // pAlakarajjaM sahi igisayapaNavaraNA, vijayavaMsabhavA / cAla murudayavaMsA tIsaM vassA supussamittammi / / 1506 // vasumitta aggimittA sahI gaMdhavvayA vi sayamekkaM / NaravAhaNA ya cAlaM tatto bhatthakRNA jAdA // 1507 // bhatthaTThaNANa kAlo doNNi sayAI vaMti vaadaalaa| 70 jinasenAcArya ke harivaMzapurANa 78 meM yahI gaNanA milatI hai jisake anusAra pAlaka ke 60 varSa, vijayavaMza yA naMdavaMza ke 155 varSa, marudaya yA mauryoM ke 40 varSa, puSyamitra ke 30, vasumitra-agnimitra ke 60, gaMdharva yA rAsabhoM ke 100 aura naravAhana ke 40 varSa die gaye haiN| usake bAda bhatthaTTANa bhRtyAndhra) rAjA hue jinakA kAla 242 varSa kA hotA hai| digambara paramparA ko yahA~ sparza kiyA hai isase pratIta hogA ki unakI kAlagaNanA meM bhI kucha gar3abar3a hai| kyoM ki mauryoM ke 40 varSa likhe gaye haiM vaha ThIka nhiiN| zrI kAzIprasAda jayasvAlajI ne zvetAmbara kAla-gaNanAoM kI samIkSA karate hue batalAyA ki mauryoM ke kamI kiye gaye varSa rAsabhoM (gardabhilloM) 76. vIranirvANasamvat aura jainakAlagaNanA ke. pR0 30-31 para munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne ye gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiM / titthogAlI kI upalabdha pratiyA~ azuddha haiN| vahI, pR0 31 pAdanoMdha meM munizrI ne duHSamagaDikA aura yugapradhAna-gaMDikA kA sAra diyA hai| dUsarI gaNanAoM se usakI saGgati karanA muzkila hai| kisI bhI taraha zakasaMvat ko vIrAt 605 taka lA hI jAtA magara bIca ke rAjAoM kI kAlagaNanA meM gar3abar3I ho jAtI hai| isa viSaya meM bahuta se vidvAnoM ne carcA kI hai| yahA~ hama ina sabakA sAra bhI leM to vaktavya kA vistAra khUba bar3ha jaaegaa| aura yaha saba carcA vidvAnoM ko suparicita hai hii| 77. tiloyaparaNatti, bhAga, pR0 342, kasAyapAhuDa, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 50-55 meM uddhRta kI gaI hai kintu paraspara virodhAtmaka kAlagaNanAoM kA abhI taka saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna nahI huA hai| 78. DA0 jayasvAla, jarnala oNpha dha bihAra-orissA risarca sosAyaTI, vaoNlyuma 16, pR0 234-235. vahI, kalpanA munizrI kalyANavijayajI bhI karate haiN|

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34 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya meM bar3hAye gaye haiN| 79 isa kAlagaNanA ke viSaya meM Aja taka kI saba carcAoM meM se abhI koI gaNanA nirNayAtmaka phalita nahIM huii| 79 sambhava hai ki zakoM kA bhArata meM prathama Agamana aura ujjaina meM rAjya karanA, tadanantara parAjaya ke bAda I0 sa0 78 meM phira rAjya karanA ye donoM alaga alaga hakIkata pazcAdbhUta granthakAra ThIka jAna yA samajha na sake / khuda tiloyapaNNatti mahAvIra nirvANa aura zaka samvat ke bIca ke antara kI do paramparA detI hai, eka ke anusAra nirvANa ke bAda 461 varSa hone para zaka rAjA utpanna huzrA (tiloyapaNNatti, adhikAra 4, gAthA 1466, pR0 340), dUsarI ke anusAra nirvANa ke 605 varSa aura 5 mAsa ke bAda zaka nRpa utpanna huaA (vahI, gAthA 1499, pR0 341) / kaise bhI ho magara itanA to phalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke bala mitra-bhAnumitra digambara sampradAya meM vasumitra-agnimitra nAma se pichA jAne lge| ve zugoM ke madhya aura pazcimI bhArata meM rAjyapAla (Governors) hoNge| ve puSyamitra zuMgarAjA ke kula ke ho sakate haiN| vidizA meM puSyamitra kA yuvarAja agnimitra rAjyapAla thA vaha mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta mAlavikAgnimitra ke pAThakoM ko suvidita hai| pAJcAla meM se mitra nAmAnta (anya) rAjAoM ke sikke mile haiN| isa taraha balamitra-bhAnumitra ke ujjayinI yA lATa ke zAsana kI bAta sambhavita pratIta hotI hai| puSyamitra ke samaya meM pataJjali kA mahAbhASya huzrA mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhASya ke sUtra 3 / 2 / 11 meM kAtyAyana ke vArtika 'parokSe ca lokavijJAna prayoktudarzanaviSaye' para do ati prasiddha udAharaNa die gaye haiM.. "aruNad yavanaH sAketam" aura "aruNad yavanaH maadhymikaam"| vidvAnoM ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai ki yahA~ yUnAnI rAjA mInAnDara ke bhAratIya abhiyAna kA ullekha hai| DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla likhate haiM :--"mInAnDara ne zAkala (syAlakoTa) ko apane adhikAra meM karake eka abhiyAna sindha rAjapUtAnA kI aora mAdhyamikA (citaur3a ke samIpa "nagarI") ko lakSya karake kiyA thaa| usakA dUsarA sainika abhiyAna pUrva kI ora thaa| usa meM mathurA-sAketa (ayodhyA) ko apane adhikAra meM karake vaha pATaliputra (puSpapura) taka bar3ha gayA thaa| gArgI saMhitA ke yuga-purANa nAmaka adhyAya meM isa pUrvI abhiyAna kA spaSTa vivaraNAtmaka ullekha hai| isakA eka nayA pramANa jainendra-vyAkaraNa sUtra 2 / 2 / 62 para kI abhayanandI kI mahAvRtti meM kisI prakAra surakSita baca gayA hai :--parokSe lokavijJAne prayoktaH zakyadarzanatvena darzanaviSayatve laGa vktvyH| aruNanmahendro mthuraam| arunndhvnHsaaketm|xxx 'mahendra' hamArI dRSTi meM apapATha hai| zuddha pATha "menandra" honA caahie| avazya yahI mUla pATha rahA hogA, jisakA artha na jAnakara bAda ke lekhakoM ne 'mahendra' kara diyaa| vastutaH mInAnDara kA loka meM prasiddha nAma 'menandra' thA unake aneka sikke mile haiM jinameM eka aora yavanAnI lipi meM unakA nAma hai aura dUsarI ora kharoSThI lipi meM 'menandra' nAma likhA rahatA hai|"8deg 76. matsya, brahmANDa aura vAyupurANa meM kula 7 gaI bhilla rAjA likhe haiN| aura brahmANDapurANa meM gaIbhiloM kA rAjatvakAla sirpha 72 varSa kA hai| tityogAlI painnaya meM gaIbhilla-vaMzya rAjAoM kI sajayA to nahIM para unakA rAjatvakAla 100 varSa pramANa likhA hai| jisa gardabharAjA ko kAlakasUri ne zakoM kI sahAya se haThAyA vaha kyA isa vaMza kA thA ? vaha kyA garda bhilla rAjAoM meM AkharI rAjA thA ? ye saba vicArayogya bAteM haiN| zrI zAntilAla zAha ne "dhI TraeNDizanala kaoNnolaoNji oNpha dha jainajha" meM likhA hai ki jisa gardabharAjA kA kAlaka ne ucchedana kiyA vaha mathurA ke eka lekha meM Khardaa nAmase uddiSTa rAjA hai aura gaI bhilla alaga vaMza ke, palhava pArthiana the| yaha saba abhI nizcitarUpa se mAnA nahIM jaataa| kintu usa gardabha rAjA kA grIka honA jyAdA sambhavita hai / 80. DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, "milinda ke pUrva-bhArata meM abhiyAna kA nayA ullekha," rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 3, aGka 3--4 (julAi, 1953), pR0 51-72.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya isa taraha yaha spaSTa hai ki grIkoM ne madhya bhArata meM adhikAra jamAyA thaa| balamitra-bhAnumitra kA samakAlIna grIka rAjakartA hI ho sakatA hai| bRhatkalpacUrNi meM ullekha hai ki ujjayinI nagarI meM anilasuta java (yava ? yavana ?) nAmaka rAjA thaa| usakA putra gardabha nAma kA yuvarAja thaa| vaha apanI hI "aDoliyA" nAmaka bhaginI ke rUpa se mohita ho kara usase. jAtIya sukha bhogatA rhaa| rAjA isase nirveda pA kara pravAjita ho gyaa| isa ullekha meM "aNilasuto nAma yavano rAjA" aise pATha kI kalpanA zrI zAntilAla zAha ke uparokta grantha meM dI gaI hai| 'aDoliyA' koI paradezI nAma hai| ho sakatA hai isI kAmAndha gardabha ne sAdhvI sarasvatI kA apaharaNa kiyaa| ve grIka rAjakartA ho sakate haiM, kintu unake mUla nAma kA patA abhI taka nizcita rUpa se nahIM milaa| kahAvalI meM isa gardabha rAjA kA nAma "dappaNa" -darpaNa-likhA hai| mathurA ko mInAnDara ne ghera liyA thaa| paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ke pahale diye hue ullekha meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki sAtavAhana nareza Arya kAlaka ko pUchatA hai--"mathurA par3egI yA nahIM ? aura par3egI to kaba ?" isakA matalaba yaha hai ki mathurA para kisI kA gherA thA aura usake pariNAma meM sAtavAhana rAjA ko rasa ho yaha yogya hI hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki khuda sAtavAhana nareza ke sainya ne gherA DAlA thA yA vaha DAlanA cAhatA thA kyoM ki bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi meM pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana rAjA ke daNDanAyaka ne uttaramathurA aura dakSiNamathurA jIta liyA aisA ullekha hai (bRhatkalpasUtra vibhAga 6, gAthA 6244 se 6246, aura pR0 1647-46) / ujjaina meM se grIka (yA koI paradezI) rAjA jisako "gardabha" kahA gayA hai usako haTA gayA, pIche mathurA se grIka amala ko haTAne ke lie sAtavAhana rAjA ne prayatna kiyA ? yA kyA yahA~ sAtavAhana ke prazna meM khAravela ke hAthIgumphA-lekha meM uddiSTa mathurA kI aora ke abhiyAna kA nirdeza hai ? 81 hama dekha cuke haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the| unakA sambandha zakoM ke prathama Agamana se hai| vaha kisI sAtavAhana rAjA ke samakAlIna the| bRhatkalpacUrNi ke ullekha se gardabha khuda yavana hone kA sambhava hai| yadyapi yaha 'java' zabda yavana-yava-java aisA rUpAntarita hai yA 'mava' kA 'java' huaA hai ityAdi bAteM anizcita haiM; tathApi 'aDoliyA' yaha kisI grIka nAma kA rUpAntara hone kI zaMkA rahatI hai| kyA gardabha-rAja (yA gardabhilloM) se bhArata meM grIka rAjakartA uddiSTa haiM ? hamAre khayAla se yaha jyAdA sambhavita hai| gardabha aura gardabhilla avazya paradezI rAjakartA hoNge| inako haTAnA bhAratIyoM ke lie muzkila mAlUma par3A hogaa| yavanoM-grIkoM-ke krUra svabhAva kA nirdeza hameM gArgI saMhitA ke yugapurANa meM bhI milatA hai| inako haTAne ke lie prArya kAlaka zakoM ko laaye| agara bhAratIya rAjakartA ko haTAne ke lie paradezI zaka lAe gaye hote to Arya kAlaka dezadrohI gine jaate| 81. dekho, DA0 bI0 ema0 bAru, hAthIgumphA inskripzana oNpha khAravela, inTiana hisTaoNrikala kvArTalI, vaoN0 14, pR0 477, lekha kI paMkti 6. khAravela kisI sAtakaNi (sAtavAhana-vaMza ke) rAjA kA samakAlIna thA yaha isI lekha se mAlUma hotA hai| khAravela kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva dUsarI yA pahalI zatAbdi hai| isa viSaya meM DA. bAruA ne agale sarva vidvAnoM ke mata kI carcA apane lekha aura pustaka meM kI hai| DA0 hemacandra rAya cIdharI ne poliTikala hisTarI oNpha enazianTa inDiyA (i. sa. 1653 kA saMskaraNa ) meM DA0 bAruA ke mata kI carcA kI hai| aura dekho, dha DeTa oNpha khAravela, jarnala oNpha dha eziyATika sosAiTI (kalakattA), leTarsa, vaoN0 16 (I. sa. 1653), naM0 1, pR0 25-32. .

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28 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya kAlaka jaise samartha paMDita aura prAbhAvika zrAcArya aisA kara nahIM skte| unako pratIti huI hogI kI grIka rAjakartAoM ke sAmane tatkAlIna bhAratIya rAjAoM se kucha bananA muzkila thaa| prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM bhI nahIM batAyA gayA ki zakoM ko harAnevAlA vikramAditya khuda gardabha-rAjA kA putra thaa| yaha mAnyatA kucha pIche se banI hogii| jaba kAla-gaNanA meM gar3abar3a pratIta hotI hai usa samaya ke vidhAnoM meM yaha mAnyatA dekhane meM AtA hai| kAlakAcAryakathAnakoM meM bhI prAcIna kathAnakoM meM yaha nahIM hai| pIche pAdanoMdha 72 meM hamane batalAI huI sAkSiyoM meM kahIM bhI vikrama ko gardabha kA putra nahIM kahA hai| isa taraha gardabhilloccheda aura vikrama ke bIca kama antara hI honA yA mAnanA Avazyaka nhiiN| vAstava meM DA0 jayasvAlajI kI bhI aisI hI rAya thii| unhoM ne gaI bhillocched vAlI ghaTanA kA nirdeza karake likhA hai "This event is placed before the Vikrama era but no time is specified as to how long after the occupation of Ujjain and Malva the first Saka dynasty came to an end. The Kathanaka expressly keeps it unspecified, as it says "Kalantarena Kenai (ZDMG., 1880, p. 267; Konow, CII. II. p. xxvii)."82 jayasvAlajI isa gardabhilloccheda kI ghaTanA ko I0 sa0 pUrva 100-101 meM rakhate haiN| 8 3 rAjAnoM kI kAlagaNanA meM jaina granthoM meM bhI kucha gar3abar3a aura aspaSTa bAteM haiN| munizrI kalyANavijayajI (jinake mata se, gardabhillocchedaka Arya kAlaka vaha dUsare Arya kAlaka the aura unakA samaya vIrAt 453 thA) isa ghaTanA ke bAre meM likhate haiM-"ghaTanAoM ke kAlakrama meM hamane gardabhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA nirvANa saMvat 453 meM batAI hai; para isameM yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki isa ghaTanA ke samaya yadi balamitrabhAnumitra vidyamAna the-jaisA ki ' kahAvalI' Adi granthoM se jJAta hotA hai to isa ghaTanA kA ukta samaya nirdoSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoM ki merutuGgasUri kI 'vicAra-zreNi' Adi pracalita jaina-gaNanA ke anusAra balamitra-bhAnumitra kA sattA-kAla vIra-nirvANa se 354 se 413 taka pAtA hai| aisI dazA meM yaha kahanA cAhie ki gardabhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA kA ukta samaya (453) ThIka nahIM hai, aura yadi ThIka hai to yaha kahanA hogA ki balamitra-bhAnumitra kA ukta samaya galata hai| aura yadi uparyukta donoM samaya ThIka mAne jAya~ to anta meM yaha mAnanA hI par3egA kI gaI bhilla vAlI ghaTanA ke samaya balamitra-bhAnumitra vidyamAna na the|" munijI Age likhate haiM-"gaIbhilavAlI ghaTanA kA samaya galata mAna lene ke liye hameM koI kAraNa nahIM miltaa| balamitrabhAnumitra Arya kAlaka ke bhAnaje the, yaha bAta suprasiddha hai; ata eva kAlaka ke samaya meM inakA astitva mAnanA bhI anivArya hai| rahI balamitra-bhAnumitra ke samaya kI bAta, so isake sambandha meM hamArA mata hai ki unakA samaya 354 se 413 taka nahIM, kintu 414 se 473 taka thaa| maurya-kAla meM se 52 varSa chUTa jAne ke kAraNa 160 ke sthAna meM kevala 108 varSa hI pracalita gaNanAtroM meM liye gae haiN| ata eva ekadama 52 varSa kama ho jAne ke kAraNa bala mitra Adi kA samaya asaGgata-sA ho gayA hai| hamane maurya rAjya ke 160 varSa mAna kara isa paddhati meM jo saMzodhana kiyA hai, usake anusAra kAlakAcArya aura balamitra 82. DA0 jayasvAla, praoNblemsa oNpha zaka-sAtavAhana hisTarI, jarnala oNpha vihAra nDa orissA risarca sosAiTI, vaoN0 16 (I0 sa0 1630), pR0 234. 83. vahI, pR0 234 se Age. 84. isake lie dekho, munizrI kalyANavijayajI kRta vIranirvANa-samvat aura jaina-kAlagaNanA. .

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 37 ke samaya meM kucha virodha nahIM raha jaataa|" 85 munizrI kI yaha samIkSA to zaGkA ko bar3hAtI hai ki gaI. bhilloccheda kI ghaTanA vIrAt 453 meM mAnanA zurU huA taba se kAlagaNanA meM gar3abar3a ho gii| DA0 brAuna dUsare kAlaka ke bAre meM likhate haiM "Most versions make him the disciple of Gunakara (= the sthavira Gunasundara), but this must be an error; foron chronalogical grounds it must have been Kalaka I who was Gunakara's disciple."CE isase to yaha mAnanA jyAdA ucita hai ki kathAnakoM se prathama kAlaka hI uddiSTa haiM / DA. brAuna Age likhate haiM-- "The Kalpadruma and Samayasundara add an alternative tradition stating that Kalaka II was the maternal uncle of the kings Balamitra and Bhanumitra of Jain tradition, thus agreeing with a few versions of the Kalakaryakatha, although most of them identify the Kalaka who was the uncle of those kings with the Kalaka who changed the date of the Paryusana....The year of Kalaka II is by all authorities said to be 453 of the Vira era, in which year it is specifically stated in a stanza appended to three Mss. of Dharmaprabha's version that he took Sarasvati. Possibly the statement is slightly inaccurate and the date refers to his accession to the position of suri, just as in other stanzas appended to Mss. of the same version the year 335, which is the date of accession to the position of suri, is mentioned as that of Kalaka I. Dharmasagaraganin assigns the deeds of Kalaka II to Kalaka I." pahale hI hama kaha cuke haiM ki kathAnakoM meM kAlaka kA varSa nahIM batalAyA gayA, kisI bhASya yA curNi meM bhI nhiiN| balamitra-bhAnumitra aura paryuSaNAtithi ke bAre meM bhI pahale samIkSA kI gaI hai| dharmaprabha kI racanA saM0 1398 meM huI, mUla racanA meM gardabhillocchedaka kAlaka vIrAt 453 meM hue aisA nahIM hai| mUla meM to--- "aha te saga tti khAyA, tavvaMsaM chaMdiUNa puNa kaale| jAtro vikkamarAtro, puhavI jeNUraNI vihiyA // 31 ||"--itnaa hI hone se vikrama aura kAlaka ke bIca kA samayAntara aspaSTa hai| DA0 brAuna kI tRtIya kAlaka kI kalpanA ThIka nahIM hai, munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne tRtIya kAlaka ke viSaya meM ThIka hI samIkSA kI hai| vistArabhaya se hama usa carcA ko chor3a dete haiN| aba kathAnakoM ko chor3a kara paTTAvalI Adi ko dekheM to kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM do kAlaka kA koI ullekha nahIM; aura na isameM kisI sthavira ke varSa aAdi batAye gye| nandI-sthavirAvalI jisake prAcIna hone meM zaGkA nahIM hai usameM gardabhillocchedaka anya kAlaka kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaGgha stotra meM 'guNasuMdara, sAmaja, khaMdilAyariya' kA ullekha hai kintu gAthA 13 meM Arya vajrasena, 85. munizrI kalyANavijaya, "Arya-kAlaka," dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 117. munizrI ke isa kathanAnusAra, ni0 saM0 453 meM gaI bhilla ko haTA kara, (I0 sa0 pU074 meM) zakarAjA ujjayinI kI gAdI para baitthaa| aura cAra varSa ke bAda ni0 saM0 457 meM ( I0 sa0 pU0 70 meM ) balamitra ne usako haTA kara ujjayinI para apanA adhikAra jmaayaa| balamitra-bhAnumitra ke rAjya kA anta ni0 saM0 465 ( I0 sa0 pU0 62 ) meM huaa| vahI, pR0 117 pAdanoMdha, 1. 86. dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR0 6. 87. brAuna, vahI, pR0 6, pR0 7-11.

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38 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya nAgahasti, revatimitra, siMha aura nAgArjuna ke bAda bhUtidinna aura unake bAda jisa 'kAlaka' kA ullekha hai vaha kAlaka gardabhillocchedaka ho nahIM sakate kyoM ki dvitIyodayugapradhAna-yantra (paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1 pR0 23-24) dekhane se mAlUma hogA ki isa kAlaka kA samaya (Arya vajra ke ziSya) vajrasena se 363 varSa ke bAda hotA hai jo IsA kI tRtIya zatAbdi ke bAda hogaa| dharmasAgaragaNi kI tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI (paTTAvalI-samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 41-77) meM zyAmArya vIrAt 376 meM svargavAsI hue aura unake ziSya jitamaryAdAkRt sAMDilya the aisA likhA hai| Age indradinnasUri ke bAda, vIrAt 453 varSa meM gaIbhillocchedaka kAlakasUri kA ullekha hai| isa paTTAvalI kA racanAkAla vi0 sa0 1646 hai| kintu yaha to bahuta pIche kI paTTAvalI hai| duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaGghastotra to vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdi kA hai / usa stotra kI avacUri kA samaya nizcita nahIM hai| isa avacUri meM nimnalikhita vidhAna hai-- xxxx moriarajja 108 tatra-mahAgiri 30 suhasti 46 guNasundara 32, UnavarSANi 12 // xxxx evaM (vIranirvANAt varSANi 323 // ___ rAjA puSyamitra 30 balamitra-bhAnumitra 60 (tatra)-guNasundarasyeva zeSa varSANi 12 kAlike 4 (41) khaMdila 38 // evaM varSANi 413 // rAjA naravAhana 40 gardabhilla 13 zAka 4 (tatra)-revatimitra 36 aAryamaGgadharmAcArya 20 / / evaM varSANi 470 // atrAntare-bahula sirivyaya svAmi (svAti) hArita jhyAmA''rya zANDilya Arya AryasamudrAdayo bhvissynti| taha gaddabhillarajjassa, cheyago kAlagArilo hohii| chattIsaguNovezro, guNasayakalino pahAjutto // 1 // vIranirvANAt 453 bharuacche khapuTAcAryAH vRddhavAdI paMcakalpavicchedo jiitklpoddhaarH......|| dharmAcAryasyeva zeSavarSANi 24 bhadragupta 39 zrIgupta 15 vajrasvAmI 36 / evaM sarvAGka 584 // gaIbhilla nivasuta vikramAditya 60 dharmAditya 40 bhAilla 11 // evaM 581 // (paTTAvalI-samuccaya, 1, pR0 17). isa avacUri antargata gAthA meM yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki vIrAt 453 meM (gardabhillocchedaka) dvitIya kAlaka hue| kintu vicArazreNi kI gaNanAse milatI isa (avacUri kI) nRpakAlagaNanA se gardabhilla kA samaya vIrAt 453 hotA hai| magara nRpakAlagaNanA zaGkA se para nahIM hai, vikramAditya ko gaI bhilla kA putra kahane ke lie koI kAlakakathAnaka kA yA cUrNi yA bhASya kA pramANa upalabdha nhiiN| aura 453 meM gardabhilloccheda karane vAle kAlaka ke samaya meM balamitra-bhAnumitra ho nahIM skte| phira balamitra-bhAnumitra ke bAda gardabhilla ke 13 varSa ginanA aura gardabhilloM ke 100 yA 152 varSa kA mela prApta karane ke lie vikramAditya, dharmAditya, bhAIlla aura nAila ko gardabhillavaMza ke mAnanA ye saba bAteM abhI zaGkAyukta hI haiN| khuda merutuGga ko bhI do balamitra-bhAnumitra hone kA vicitra anumAna khIMcanA pdd'aa|88 zrArya khapuTa kA kAryapradeza bharoca thA, kAlakAcArya kA bhI bhRgukaccha se sambandha hai| magara donoM samakAlIna the (vIrAt 453) aisA jaina . merutuGga likhate haiM-" balamitrabhAnumitrI rAjAnau 60 varSANi rAjyamakA m| yau tu kalpacUrNau caturthIparvakartRkAlakAcAryanirvAsako ujjayinyAM balamitrabhAnumitrI taavnyaavev|" isa viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke vivecana ke lie dekho, vIranirvANa saMvat0, pR0 56-57 aura pAdanoMdha, jisameM tityogAlI painnaya ke nAma se kaisI gAthAyeM pIche ke granthoM meM ghusa gaI haiM isakA munijI ne acchA vivecana kiyA hai|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya granthakAroM kA (madhyakAlIna paTTAvaliyoM ke alAvA) kahIM bhI ullekha nhiiN| mauryoM ke 108 varSa kI hakIkata bhI mAnya nahIM ho sktii| DA0 jayasvAlajI ke kathanAnusAra agara mauryoM ke zeSa varSa rAsabhoM meM bar3hA kara kisI taraha vIrAt 470 meM vikrama kA hisAba jor3A gayA taba yaha spaSTa hai ki ina paTTAvaliyoM kI nRpakAlagaNanA zahArahita nahIM hai. inameM aura bhI galatI ho sakatI hai| isa gar3abar3a kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama zakarAjya ke bAda kitane varSa vyatIta hone para vikramAditya huA yaha spaSTa mAlUma na hone se vikrama aora kAlaka ko naz2adIka lAne kI pravRtti huii| eka se jyAdA kAlaka nAmaka prAcArya hue hoMge kintu ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka to prathama kAlaka hI haiM jo ki anya tarkoM se pahale hI hamane dekha liyA hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke mata se balamitra hI vikramAditya hai| aura unake mata se gardabhillocchedaka dvitIya kAlaka vIrAta 453 meM he| magara bala mitra yadi vikramAditya hai taba vaha gaI bhilla kA putra nahIM ho sktaa| aura merutuGga yA uparokta avacUri ke bayAna taba vyartha pratIta hote haiN| vIrAt 453 meM gaI bhillocchedaka kAlaka hone ke saba aAdhAra madhyakAlIna unhI paramparAtroM ke haiM jinameM kAlagaNanA kI aisI gar3abar3I hai| kAlakakathAnaka to gaI bhillocchedaka kAlaka ke guru guNasundara yA gaNAkara ko hI batAte haiN| vaha kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiM jinhoMne prajJApanAsUtra bnaayaa| upalabdha prajJApanA agara mUla prajJApanA nahIM ho, to bhI usa meM mUla kA saMskaraNa aura mUla ke kaI aMza z2arUra hoNge| yahI prajJApanA sUtra usake lekhaka kA dezadezAntara ke logoM kA jJAna, bhinna bhinna lipiyoM kA jJAna Adi sAkSI detA hai jo gardabhillocchedaka aura suvarNabhUmi meM jAnevAle kAlaka meM ho sakatA hai| prajJApanAsUtra ke viSaya hI unake kartA nigoda-vyAkhyAtA hone kA sUcana karate haiN| ___ vicArazreNi meM sthaviroM ke paTTapratiSThAkAla batAnevAlI gAthAyeM dI haiN| vahI munizrI kalyANa vijayajI se uddiSTa "sthavirAvalI yA yugapradhAnapaTTAvalI" hai jisakI hastaprata munizrI ne dekhI hai| vaha hastaprata yA vaha racanA vicArazreNi se kitanI prAcIna hai yaha kisI ko mAlUma nhiiN| vicArazreNi-antargata gAthAyeM bhI merutuGga se kitanI prAcIna haiM yaha kahanA muzkila hai| isa sthavirAvalI kI gAthAoM (pahale hama de cuke haiM) meM "revaimitte chattIsa, ajamagu a vIsa evaM tu| causaya sattari, causayatipanne kAlago jaao| cauvIsa ajjadhamme eguNacAlIsa bhaddagutte a|" ityAdi meM paTTadharoM kI vIrAt 470 taka kI paramparA batAne ke bAda 453 meM kAlaka hue aisA vidhAna hai| para isase to yaha sUcita hotA hai ki ye dvitIya kAlaka yugapradhAna nahIM haiM aura na unake Age yugapradhAnapaTTadhara (yA guru) granthakartA ko mAlUma haiN| ina gAthAzroM meM agara kAlaka bhI yugapradhAnapaTTadhara haiM taba eka sAtha aise do prAcArya yugapradhAnapaTTadhara ho jAte haiM jaisA ki isa sthavirAvalI kA dhvani nahIM hai| ataH yaha sambhavita hai ki "causaya tipanne kAlago jAtro" yaha bAta prAcIna yugapradhAnapaTTAvaliyoM meM pIche se bar3hAI gaI hai| prathama zakarAjya ke bAre meM vAstavika varSagaNanA bAda ke lekhakoM ko durlabha hone se aura kisI taraha vikrama ke samaya ke naz2adIka hI kAlaka ko aura prathama zakarAjya ko lAne ke khayAla se yaha vIrAt 453 meM kAlaka ke hone kI kalpanA ghusa gaI hogii| upalabdha saba paTTAvaliyoM meM prAcIna haiM kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyA~, magara inameM vIrAt 453 meM rakha sakeM aisA koI kAlaka kA ullekha nahIM hai| paTTAvalI-samuccaya, bhAga 1 meM dI huI saba anya paTTAvaliyA~ vikrama kI terahavIM sadI yA usake bAda kI haiM / DA0 klATa kI paTTAvaliyA~ bhI vi0 saM0 kI 16 vIM zatAbdi ke bAda kI haiN|89 86. dekho, klATa mahAzaya kA lekha, inDiana enTikveri, vaoN0 11, pR0 245 se Age. DA0 yAkovI, DA0 laoNyamAna Adi ke paTTAvalI-viSayaka lekhoM kI sUci ke lie dekho, brAuna, dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR05 pAdanoMdha 23.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya ___kAlaka viSaya ke pahale vibhAga ke (cUrNi bhASyatrAdi ke) sarva sandarbho se hama siddha kara cuke haiM ki ghaTanAyeM eka-kAlaka-paraka haiM aura vaha haiM zrArya shyaam| unake bAda Arya zANDilya aura zANDilya ke bAda hue Arya samudra / sabhI therAvaliyoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM inhI Arya samudra ke alAvA kisI prAcArya ke lie "tisamudakhAyakittiM dIvasamuddesu gahiya peyAlaM" jaise zabdaprayoga nahIM hue| ataH yahI Arya samudra suvarNabhUmi jAne vAle sAgara zramaNa haiN| aura suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle aura gardabharAjocchedaka Arya kAlaka eka haiM yaha to munizrI kalyANavijayajI ko svIkRta hai| ataH vaha kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiN| prAcIna jaina paramparAnusAra vIra nirvANa I0 sa0 pUrva 527 meM mAnA jAya, taba zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151; aura DA0 yAkobI Adi paNDitoM ke matAnusAra nirvANa I0 sa0 pU0 467 meM mAneM, taba zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 11 tk| isI samaya meM bhArata meM zakoM kA prathama aAgamana huaaa| kharoSThI lipi meM likhe hue lekhoM aura mathurA ke anya katipaya lekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha to sarva paNDitoM ko svIkArya hai ki do taraha ke zaka samvat cale the : eka Old Saka era = prAcIna (mUla) zaka saM0 aura dUsarA cAlU (I0 sa0 78 meM zurU huA vaha) zaka samvat / prAcIna zaka samvat ke prathama varSa ke bAre meM bhinna bhinna mata haiN| ina saba kI samIkSA DA0 lohuijhena-da-lyu ne apane grantha 'dha sithiana piriar3a' meM kI hai / DA0 lohuijhena-da-lyu ke mata se prathama zaka saM0 I0 sa0 pU0 126 meM zurU huaA, pro0 raeNpsana ke khayAla se I0 sa0 pU0 150 meM, pro0 TArna ke mata se I0 sa0 pU0 155 meM, DA0 jaya svAla ke mata se I0 sa0 pU0 120 meN| isa taraha bhinna bhinna mata haiM kintu DA0 lohuijhena-da-lyu aura jayasvAla ke mata vAstavika hakIkata se jyAdA naz2adIka haiM / ina saba matoM kI carcA zrI0 ema0 ena0 sahA ne jarnala oNpha dha eziyATika sosAiTi (bengAla), leTarsa, vaoN. 16, (I0sa0 1653), aGka 1, pR0 1-24 meM kI hai aura vahA~ batAyA hai ki prathama zaka samvat I0 sa0 pU0 123 meM huA hogaa| yaha samaya zakoM aura yU-cI kI baktriyA meM pArthianoM para ke vijaya kA hai| isake bAda thor3e hI samaya meM mithradAta dUsarA (Mitbradates II) nAmaka pArthiana rAjA ne zakoM ko phira bhagAye / 90 yahI samaya hai jaba zaka bhArata kI ora aaye| isase hamAre khayAla meM zyAmArya kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se I0 sa0 pUrva 61 taka mAnanA jyAdA ucita hai / I0 sa0 pUrva 58 meM vikrama saMvat (mAlava saM0) calA usa samaya kAlakAcArya jIvita the aisA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / ataH kAlaka ke samaya kA I0 sa0 pU0 61 ke bAda hI honA Avazyaka nahIM / kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the, unakA samaya Upara ke do samaya meM se eka hai, isI samaya gardabha kA uccheda huA, isI samaya meM kAlaka suvarNabhUmi meM gye| anya kAlakAcArya hue hoMge 9. kintu ve saba kathAnakoM kI ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka nahIM haiM itanA nizcita hai| aba bhAratIya itihAsa ke paNDitoM se prArthanA hai ki gardabha, gardabhilla, vikramAditya Adi ke kUTa praznoM ke nirAkaraNa DhU~Dhane ke punaH prayatna kreN| 60. dekho, DA0 lohuijhena-da-tyu, DA0 ema0 ena0 sahA Adi ke lekha, graMtha aura, DA0 sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya kRta, dha zakajha ina inDiyA (vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana, 1955), pR0 6. pro0 rApsana likhate haiMIt was in his reign that the struggle between the kings of Parthia and their Scythian subjects in Eastern Iran was brought to a close and the suzerignty of Parthia over ruling powers of Seisthan and Kandahar confirmed (Cambridge Hist. of India, Vol. I. p. 567). ___61. dekho, vIra nirvANa samvat aura jainakAlagaNanA pR0 125 se pR0 128 para pAdanoMdha meM dI huI devaddhiM gaNikSamAzramaNa kI gurvAvalI, aura vAlabhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI / vAla bhI paTTAvalI ke naM0 27 vAle kAlakAcArya ke antima varSa nirvANa sambat 113 meM valabhI meM pustakoddhAra huaa|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya pariziSTa 1 dattarAjA aura AryakAlaka datta rAjA ke sAmane yajJaphala kA nirUpaNa karanevAlI ghaTanA (ghaTanA naM. 1) kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi ke atirikta 'aAvazyaka niyukti' meM do sthAnoM meM hai|92 munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke khayAla ke anusAra isa ghaTanA kA sambandha sambhavataH prathama kAlakAcArya se hai| 3 'aAvazyaka-niyukti' kI eka gAthA (865) meM ullikhita sAmAyika ke aATha dRSTAntoM meM tIsarA dRSTAnta pAryakAlaka kA hai jina kA varNana zrAva0 carNi meM isa prakAra milatA hai| "turuviNI nagarI meM 'jitazatru' nAmaka rAjA thaa| vahA~ 'bhadrA' nAma kI eka brAhmaNI rahatI thI jisake putra kA nAma 'datta' thaa| bhadrA kA eka bhAI thA jisane jaina mata kI dIkSA lI thI, usakA nAma thA 'Arya kaalk'| datta juAr3I aura madirA-prasaGgI thaa| vaha rAjasevA karate karate pradhAna sainika ke pada taka pahu~ca gyaa| para anta meM usane vizvAsaghAta kiyaa| rAjakula ke manuSyoM ko phor3akara usane rAjA ko kaida kiyA aura svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| usane bahuta se yajJa kiye| eka bAra vaha apane 'mAmA' kAlaka ke pAsa jAkara bolA ki maiM dharma sunanA cAhatA hU~; kahie yajJoM kA phala kyA hai ? kAlaka ne usako dharma kA svarUpa, adharma kA phala aura azubha karmoM ke udaya ko samajhAyA aura pUchane para kahA ki yajJa kA phala naraka hai| datta ne isa kA pramANa pUchA to kAlaka ne batAyA ki "Aja se sAtaveM dina tU kuMbhI meM pakatA hutrA kuttoM se nocA jaaygaa|" datta ne kAlaka ko kaida kiyA magara ThIka vaisA hI huA jaisA bhaviSya kathana Arya kAlaka ne kiyA thaa| granthakAra likhate haiM-" isa prakAra satya bacana bolanA cAhie, jaise kAlakAcArya bole / " isa kathAnaka kA saMkSipta sAra 'aAvazyaka niyukti' kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM bhI sUcita kiyA hai ___ datteNa pucchiyo jo, jaNNaphalaM kAlago turuminniie| ___ samayAe aAhieNaM saMmaM vuiyaM bhayaM teNaM / / 871 // munizrI kalyANavijayajI likhate haiM ki "jaba taka cauthe kAlaka kA astitva siddha na ho, isa sAtavIM ghaTanA kA sambandha pahale kAlaka se mAna lenA kucha bhI anucita nahIM hai|" pariziSTa 2 ghaTanA naM. 5-gardabha-rAjA kA uccheda gaI bhilloccheda vAlI ghaTanA 4 ke sAtha do sthaloM kA ullekha hai-ujjayinI aura pArasakUla / nizIthacarNi meM pArasakUla kA ullekha hai| vahA~ se sAhirAjA aura unake sAtha dUsare 65 sAhiyoM ko lekara zrArya kAlaka "hinduka-deza" ko Ate haiN| isa prakAra ye 65 yA 66 sAhi (zaka-kuloM) samudramArga se saurASTra meM aaye| 62. dvi0 abhi. graM0 pR0 67. 13. vahI pR0 114-15. 64. nizIthacarNigata isa ghaTanA ke bayAna ke liye dekho, dvivedI abhinandana granya, pR068-66.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya ina sthaloM ke bAre meM kathAtroM meM kucha gar3abar3a huI hai jisakI munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne acchI taraha chAnabina kI hai| Apa likhate haiM "prAkRta kAlaka kathA meM 'pArasakUla' kI jagaha 'zakakUla' nAma milatA hai| prabhAvakacaritrAntargata kAlaka-prabandha meM isa sthAna kA nAma 'zAkhideza' likhA hai| kalpasUtramUla ke sAtha chapI huI saMskRta 'kAlaka-kathA' meM isa sthAna ko 'siMdhu nadI kA pazcima pArzvakUla' likhA hai| phira 'himavantatharAvalI' meM isa sthala kA nAma siMdhu deza kahA hai| ina bhinna-bhinna nAmoM meM hamArI saMmati meM 'pArasakUla' nAma hI sahI hai, jisakA ullekha isa viSaya ke sabase purAne graMtha 'nizIthacUrNi' meM hai|95 xxx pArasa-kUla kA artha phArasa kA kinArA hogaa| xx kyoM ki vahA~ ke nivAsI loga zakajAti ke haiM, ataH usa pradeza kA 'zakakUla' nAma bhI saMgata hai| xxxxx kAlaka kathAtroM meM siMdhu nadI pAra hokara saurASTra meM kAlakAcArya ke Ane kA ullekha hai, para yaha bhrAntizUnya nahIM hai| kyoMki siMdhu nadI pAra karake paMjAba athavA siMdha meM jA sakate haiM, saurASTra meM nhiiN| paraMtu yaha bAta to sabhI lekhaka eka-svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki kAlakAcArya saurASTra meM hI utare the| yadi ve sAhiyoM ke sAtha siMdhu nadI pAra kara hindusthAna meM Aye hote, to saurASTra meM kisI prakAra na utara skte| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve siMdhu-nadI nahIM, balki siMdhu-samudra ke dvArA saurASTra meM utare the| 'nizIthacUrNi' meM to saurASTra meM hI utarane kA ullekha hai, vahA~ siMdhu nadI kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| saMbhava hai, siMdhu ke sAtha nadI zabda pIche se jur3A gayA hai|" 96 munijI kI yaha samIkSA mahattva kI hai| isase kAlaka kA samudrayAna-jahAz2ayAna siddha hotA hai| agara yaha bAta sahI hai taba to kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana (hiMdI-cIna Adi dezoM meM gamana) ke vRttAnta meM purAne khayAla ke jaina zrAvakavarga aura sAdhugaNa ko bhI zaGkA na honI caahiye| kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi meM khuzkI rAste se hI gaye hoNge| kisI ko zaGkA ho sakatI hai ki ve durgama khuzkI rAste se nahIM jA sakate aura jAhAz2I rAste se sAdhu jAte nahIM, kintu kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM yaha zaGkA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki Arya kAlaka zakoM ke sAtha jAhAjI rAste se pAye hoMge aisA munijI kA mata hai| vaha mata ThIka lagatA hai| phira anAma ke grantha meM jo likhA hai ki kAlAcArya anAma se jahAz2a-yAna se Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna) meM gaye the yaha vidhAna bhI azakya nahIM lgegaa| pariziSTa 3 ratnasaJcaya prakaraNa kI gAthAoM para munizrI kalyANavijayajI munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ina gAthAtroM ke bAre meM likhate haiM--" jahA~ taka hamane dekhA hai zyAmArya nAmaka prathama kAlakAcArya kA sattAkAla sarvatra nirvANa saM. 280 meM janma, 300 meM dIkSA, 335 meM yugapradhAnapada aura 376 meM svargavAsa aisA likhA hai| inakA sampUrNa AyuSya 66 varSa kA thaa| ye 'prajJApanAkAra' aura 'nigodavyAkhyAtA' nAmoM se bhI prasiddha the| ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane ke bAda yaha kahanA leza bhI anucita na hogA ki ukta 'prakaraNa' kI gAthA meM jo prathama kAlakAcArya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vAstava meM vahI satya hai|" 15. una ke khyAla se pArasakula nahIM kintu pArasakUla zabda honA cAhiye, dekho vahI, pR0 110, pAdanoMdha, 1,2,3. 66. vahI, pR. 110.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya dUsare kAlaka kA samaya-gaIbhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya kA samaya-nirvANa saM0 453 hai, aura ina dUsare kAlaka kI hasti ko munizrI ThIka mAnate haiN| Age Apa likhate haiM-" tIsare kAlakAcArya ke sambandha meM hama nizcita abhiprAya nahIM vyakta kara skte| kAraNa, nirvANa saM0 720 meM kAlakAcArya ke astitva-sAdhaka isa gAthA ke atirikta dUsarA koI pramANa nahIM hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki gAthA meM ina kAlakAcArya ko 'zakrasaMstuta ' kahai haiM, jo sarvathA asaGgata hai, kyoM ki zakrasaMstuta kAlakAcArya to vahI the, jo 'nigoda-vyAkhyAtA' ke nAma se prasiddha the| yugapradhAna sthavirAvalI ke lekhAnusAra yaha vizeSaNa prathama kAlakAcArya ko hI prApta thaa| ___ "cauthe kAlakAcArya ko caturthI-paryuSaNA-kartA likhate haiM, jo ThIka nhiiN| yadyapi 'vAla bhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI' ke lekhAnusAra isa samaya meM bhI eka kAlakAcArya hue avazya haiM-jo nirvANa saM0 681 se 663 taka yugapradhAna the, para inase caturthI paySaNA hone kA ullekha sarvathA asaGgata hai|" 97 isa caturtha kAlaka ke viSaya meM munijI Age likhate haiM--"vardhamAna se 663 varSa vyatIta hone para kAlakasUridvArA pardUSaNA caturthI kI sthApanA huI aisI eka prAkaraNika gAthA hai jo titthogAlI painnaya se lI gaI hai aisA saMdehaviSauSadhi grantha ke kartA kA ullekha hai| magara vaha ThIka nahIM; aura upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI ne apanI kalpakiraNAvalI meM bhI batAyA hai ki yadyapi yaha gAthA dharmaghoSasUriracita kAlasaptati meM dekhane meM AtI hai tathApi tIrthodgAra prakIrNaka meM yaha gAthA dekhane meM nahIM pAtI 8." Age munizrI ne batAyA hai ki bArahavIM sadI meM caturthI kI phira paJcamI karane kI prathA huI taba caturthI paryuSaNA ko arvAcIna ThaharAne ke khayAla se kisIne yaha gAthA rcii| 99 ina saba bAtoM se yaha spaSTa honA cAhiye ki eka se jyAdA kAlaka kI paramparAyeM zaGkArahita haiM hI nhiiN| eka nAma ke aneka prAcArya hue isase, aura jyoM jyoM ghaTanAoM kI hakIkata prathama kAlaka ke sAtha jor3ane meM zaGkA huI tyoM tyoM yA jyoM jyoM vikrama aura zaka aura tatkAlIna nRpaviSayaka aitihAsika hakIkata vismRta hone lagI aura paramparAyeM vicchinna hotI gaI, tyoM tyoM ye madhyakAlIna granthakAra vyAmoha meM par3ate gaye aura ghaTanAoM ko bhinna bhinna kAlaka ke sAtha jor3ate gye| tithi ke nirNaya meM yA zruta kA punaHsaMgraha karane meM jinhoM ne bAra bAra kucha hissA liyA unako kAlakAcArya kA biruda milA ho aisA bhI ho sakatA hai| ye bAteM vizeSa anusandhAna ke yogya haiN| munijI ne eka aura gAthA kI samIkSA hai jisakA bhI ullekha karanA caahiye| Apa likhate haiM "uparyukta gAthAoM ke atirikta kAlakAcArya viSayaka eka aura gAthA merutuGga kI 'vicAra-zreNi' ke pariziSTa meM likhI milatI hai, jisameM nirvANa sambat 320 meM kAlakAcArya kA honA likhA hai| usa gAthA 100 kA artha isa prakAra hai-"vIra jinendra ke 320 varSa bAda kAlakAcArya hue, jinhoMne indra ko pratibodha diyaa|" isa gAthA se kAlakAcArya ke astitva kI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai para aisA karane kI 17. munizrI kalyANavijaya, Arya kAlaka, dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 66-67. 68. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 118-116. 66. vIranirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 56-58 kI pAdanoMdha. 100. gAthA isa taraha hai - sirivIrajiNiMdAo, varisasayA tinni vIsa (320) ahiyAo /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| zakrapratibodha ke nirdeza se hI yaha spaSTa hai ki ukta gAthokta ve hI haiM jinakA varNana 'yugapradhAna' ke rUpa meM 'nigoda-vyAkhyAtA' vizeSaNa ke sAtha, yugapradhAna-sthavirAvaliyoM meM kiyA gayA hai|" 10 ' jaba indrapratibodhaka nigoda-vyAkhyAtA prathama kAlaka hI haiM taba uttarAdhyayana-niyuktigAthA ke AdhAra se suvarNabhUmi ko gaye hoMge yaha bhI mAnanA caahiye| pariziSTa 4 nimittazAstrajJa Arya kAlaka nizItha cUrNi, uddeza 1, pR0 70 meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai-" idANaM vijatti asya vyAkhyA vijaTThA ubhayaM sevetti| ubhayaM NAma pAsattha gihatthA te vijamaMtajogAdiNimittaM sevetyrthH|" isa taraha vidyAprApti ke nimitta sAdhu ko patita sAdhu athavA gRhastha kI bhI sevA karanI cAhiye aisI prAcIna zAstrakAra kI anujJA kA upayoga kAlakAcArya ke jIvana meM dekhane meM AtA hai| nimitta jJAna inhoMne aAjIvaka-mata ke sAdhutroM se prApta kiyaa| isa ghaTanA kA sphoTa karanevAlA paJcakalpacUrNigata ullekha hama pahale de cuke haiN| kAlakAcArya ne jo grantha banAye unakA ullekha paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi meM isI ghaTanA ke sAtha hI milatA hai aura hama isa ko dekha cuke haiN| munizrI kalyANavijayajI isa viSaya meM kucha aura sAkSI bhI dete haiN| Apa likhate haiM-" pATana ke tAr3apatrIya pustaka bhaMDAra meM, tAr3apatra para likhe hue eka prakaraNa (lagabhaga caudahavIM sadI meM likhe hue isa prakaraNa kA nAma mAlUma nahIM huA) meM, hamane eka prAkRta gAthA par3hI thI, jisakA aAzaya yaha haikAlakasUri ne prathamAnuyoga meM jina, cakravartI, vAsudeva, aAdi ke caritra aura unake pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA aura lokAnuyoga meM bahuta bar3e nimittazAstra kI racanA kii| xxx bhojasAgaragaNi nAmaka jaina vidvAn ne saMskRtabhASA meM ramala-vidyA-viSayaka eka graMtha likhA hai| usameM unhoM ne likhA hai ki pahale-pahala yaha vidyA kAlakAcArya ke dvArA yavana-deza se yahA~ lAI gaI thii| kintu ramala-vidyA ko yavana-deza se cAhe kAlakAcArya lAe hoM yA na bhI lAe hoM; para isase to itanA siddha hI hai ki nimitta athavA jyotiSa-vidyA ke jaina vidvAn loga kAlakAcArya ko apane patha kA Adi-pathika samajhate the|"102. ..munijI likhate haiM-"Arya kAlaka diggaja vidvAn ke atirikta eka krAMtikArI puruSa bhI the| vidvattA ke kAraNa unakI jitanI prasiddhi hai usa se kahIM adhika unake ghaTanAmaya jIvana se hai|xx Arya kAlaka kA pratyeka jIvana-prasaGga sAdhusthiti ke sAmAnya jIvana-lakSaNa se kucha Age bar3hA huaA hai| "103 kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM meM jo do tattva sarvasAdhAraNa haiM, ve saba ghaTanAoM meM haiM-eka inakA nimittajJAna aura dUsarA unakA krAntikArI, sAhasika nIDara jiivn| 101. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 66-67. 102. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 105. 103. vahI, pR0 105.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya pariziSTa 5 uttarAdhyayana niyukti aura cUrNi ke saMdarbha ujjeNI kAlakhamaNA sAgarakhamaNA suvrnnbhuumiie| iMdo AuyasesaM pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca // 120 // uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 2 adhyayana 'ujjeNI kAlakhamaNA' gAthA (116-127) ujjeNIe ajakAlagA pAyariyA bahussuyA, tesiM sIso na koi nAma icchai paDhiuM, tassa sIsassa sIso bahatsazro sAgarakhamaNo nAma suvanabhUmIe viharai, pacchA pAyariyA palAyituM tattha gatA suvaraNabhUmI, so ya sAgarakhamaNo aNuyogaM kahayati paNNAparisahaM na sahati, bhaNaMti-khaMtA! gataM eyaM tubbha suyakkhadhaM jAvokadhijatu, teNa bhaNNati-gataMti, to suNa, so suNAveuM payatto, te ya sijAyaraNibbaMdhe kahite tassisA suvannabhUmi jato valitA, logo pucchati taM vRMdaM gacchaMtaM--ko esa Ayarizro gacchati ? teNa bhaNNati-~-kAlagAyariyA, taM jaNaparaMpareNa phusaMtaM koDDe sAgarakhamaNassa saMpattaM, jahA-kAlagAyariyA zrAgacchaMti, sAgarakhamaNo bhaNati-khaMta ! saccaM mama pitAmaho aAgacchati ? teNa bhaNNati-mayAvi sutaM, AgayA sAdhuNo, so abbhuhito, so tehiM sAdhUhi bhaeNati-- khamAsamaNA keI ihAgatA ? pacchA so saMkito bhaNati-khaMto ekko paraM aAgato, Na tu jANAmi khamAsamaNA, pacchA so khAmeti, bhaNati-micchAmi dukkaDaM jaMettha mae prAsAdiyA, pacchA bhaNati-khamAsamaNA! kerisaM ahaM vakkhANemi ? khamAsamaNeNa bhaNNati-lahUM, kiMtu mA gavvaM karehi ko jANati kassa ko Agamotti, pacchA dhUliNAeNa cikkhilapiMDaeNa ya aAharaNaM kareMti, Na tahA kAyatvaM jahA sAgarakhamaNeNa kataM, tANa ajakAlagANa samIvaM sakko aAgatuM nigoyajIve pucchati, jahA ajarakkhiyANaM tathaiva jAva sAdivvakaraNaM c| -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, (RSabhadeva kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma, I0 sa0 1633), pR083-84 aura dekhiye, zrIzAntisUrikRta uttarAdhyayana-bRhadvRtti, bhAga 1, pR0 127-128 / pariziSTa 6 vyavahArabhASya aura cUrNi ke saMdarbha bhASyagAthA purisajjAyA cauro vi bhAsiyavvA u ANupuvIe / atthakare mANakare ubhayakare nobhayakare ya / / 3 / / paDhamataiyA etthaM tu saphalA niphphalA duve iyre| diluto sagateNA sevatA annerAyANaM // 4 // ujjeNI sagarAyaM nIyAgavvA na suTTa seveti / vittiyadANaM cojjaM nivesayA aNNanive sevA // 5 // dhAvayapurato taha maggato yA sevai ya aAsaNaM niiyN| ' bhUmiyaMpi ya nisIyai iMgiyakArI u paDhamo u||6|| cikkhela annayA purato ugato se ego navari svvto| tuTTeNa tahA rannA vitI u supukkhalA dinnaa|| 7 //

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya bitiso na kare ahaM mANaM ca karei jaaikulmaannii| na nivasati bhUmIe ya na dhAvati tassa purato u||8|| sevati hito vi diNNe vi pAsaNe pesito kuNai ahaM / biiao bhayakaro taiu jujjhai ya raNe sabhAmaTTho // 6 // ubhaya niseho caUtthe veiya cautthehiM tattha na u lddhaa| vitI iyarehiM laddhA didaM tassuvaNato u // 10 // -sabhASya vyavahArasUtra, 4 prakRta, gAthA 3-10, pR0 64-65. yahA~ bhASyagAthA 5-7 kI malayagirikRta TIkA dekhiye "yadA kAlikAcAryeNa zakA prAnItAstadA ujjayinyAM nagaryA zako rAjA jaatH| tasya nijakAtmIyA eke'smAkaM jAtyA sadRza iti garvAttaM na suSTu sevante / tato rAjA teSAM vRttiM nAdAt / avRttikAzca te caurya kartuM pravRttAH / tato rAjJA bahubhirjanairvijJatena nirviSayAH kRtAH tatastairdezAntaraM gatvA anyasya nRpasya sevA kartumArabdhA / tatraikaH puruSo rAjJo gacchata Agacchatazca purato dhAvati tathA mArgatazca kadAcid dhAvati rAjazva UrdhvasthitasyopaviSTasya vA purataH sthitaH sevate yadyapi copaviSTaH san (taM) rAjAnamanujAnAti tathApi sa niicmaasnmaashryte| kadAcicca rAjJaH purato bhUmAvapi niSIdati rAjJazcaiGgitaM jJAtvA'nAzaptopi vivakSitaprayojanakArI anyadA ca rAjA pAnIyasya kardamasya madhyena dhAvitaH zeSazca bhUyAnloko niHkardamapradezena gantuM pravRttaH sa punaH zakapuruSo'zvasyAgrataH pAnIyena kardamena ca sevyamAna ekaH sa tasya purato dhAvati tatastasya rAjJA tuSTena supuSkalA atiprabhUtA vRttirdattA / " (vyavahArabhASya, u0 10, pR0 64-95). ina gAthAoM ke viSaya meM cUrNi bhI dekhanI caahiye|--- ___ "ujeNI gaahaatro| yadA ajakAlaeNa sakA ANItA so sagarAyA ujeNIe rAyahANIe tassa saMgaNijagA ahma jAtIe sarisotti kAuM gavveNaM taM rAyaM Na suTTa sevnti| rAyA tesiM vittiM Na deti| avittIyA teNNaM ADhattaM kAuM bahujaNeNa vieNavieNa te NivvisatA ktaa| te aNNaM rAyaM aolaggaeNa DAe uvgtaa| tatthego puriso raNNo atitaNatassa purazro dhaavti| aNayA pANieyaM cikkhallaM ca majjheNa pdhaavito| aNNo bahujaNo sukkeNa gto| so sagapuruso bAsassa ajaNito pANieNa cikkhaleNa yA aAsuTTaeNa sivvaMtovi purazro dhaavti| rAyA tuTho......." (vyavahAracUrNi, hastalikhita prati, naM0 1584, munirAja zrIhaMsavijaya zAstrasaMgraha, baDodA, patra 221 a). pariziSTa 7 anilasuta yava-rAjA, gardabha aura aDoliyA mA evamasaggAhaM, giehasu giNhasu suyaM tiyckkhuN| kiM vA tume'nilasuto, na ssuyapuvvo javo rAyA // 1154 // saumya! maivamasadgrAhaM gRhANa, gRhANa sUkSma-vyavahitAdiSvatIndriyArtheSu tRtIyacakSuHkalpaM shrutm| kiM vA tvayA na zrutapUrvo'nilanarendrasuto yavo rAjA? // 1154 // kaH punaryavaH ? ityAha java rAya dIhapaTTho, sacivo putto ya gaddabho tassa / dhUtA aDoliyA gaddabheNa chUTA ya agaDammi // 1155 / /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya pavvayaNaM ca nariMde, puNarAgama'DolikhelaNaM ceddaa| javapatthaNaM kharassA, uvasso pharusasAlAe // 1156 // yavo nAma raajaa| tasya dIrghapRSThaH scivH| gardabhazca putrH| duhitA addolikaa| sA ca gardabheNa tIvrarAgAdhyupapannena 'agaDe' bhUmigRhe viSayasevArtha kSiptA // 1155 // ___ tacca jJAtvA vairAgyottaraGgitamanaso narendrasya prvrjnm| putrasnehAcca tasyojayinyAM punaH punraagmnm| anyadA ca ceTarUpANAmaDolikayA krIDanaM kharasya ca yavaprArthanam / tatazcopAzrayaH paruSaH-kumbhakArastasya zAlAyAmityakSarArthaH // 1156 // . bhAvArthaH punarayam-104 ujjeNI ngrii| tattha anilasutro javo nAma raayaa| tassa putto gaddabho nAma juvraayaa| tassa dhUyA gaddabhassa juvaranno bhaiNI aDoliyA NAma, sA ya atiivruuvvtii| tassa ya juvaranno dIhapaTTho amcco| tAhe so juvarAyA taM aDoliyaM bhagiNiM pAsittA ajjhovavanno dubbliibhvti| amacceNa pucchiyo| nibaMdhe sihN| amacceNa bhannati-sAgAriyaM bhavissati to esA bhUmighare chubbhati, tattha bhuMjAhi tAe samaM bhoe, logo jANissati 'sA kahiM pi vinhaa'| 'evaM houtti kyN'| annayA so rAyA taM kajaM nAuM nivvedeNa pvvtiro| gaddabho rAyA jaato| so ya javo necchati paDhiuM, puttaneheNa ya puNo puNo ujjeNiM eti| annayA so ujjeNIe adUrasAmaMte javakhettaM, tassa samIve viismti| taM ca javakhettaM ego khettapAlazro rakkhati / iao ya ego gaddabho taM javakhettaM cariuM icchati tAhe teNa khettapAlaeNa so gaddabho bhannati aAdhAvasI padhAvasI mamaM vA vi nirikkhsii| lakkhino te mayA bhAvo, javaM patthesi gaddabhA ! // 1157 // 105 ayaM bhASyAntargataH zlokaH kathAnakasamAtyanantaraM vyAkhyAsyate, evamuttarAvapi zlokau / teNa sAhuNA so silogo ghiro| tattha ya ceDarUvANi ramaMti aDoliyAe, uMdoiyAe tti bhaNiyaM hoi| sA ya tesiM ramaMtANaM aDoliyA nadyA bile pddiyaa| pacchA tANi ceDarUvANi iao iao ya maggaMti taM aDoliyaM, na paasNti| pacchA egeNa ceDarUveNa taM bilaM pAsittA NAyaM-jA ettha na dIsati sA nUNa eyammi bilammi pddiyaa| tAhe teNaM bhannati--- ino gayA ino gayA, maggijjatI na diisti| ahameyaM viyANAmi, agaDe chUTA aDoliyA // 1158 / / so vi NeNaM silogo pddhiyo| pacchA teNa sAhuNA ujjeNiM pavisittA kuMbhakArasAlAe uvasso ghiro| so ya dIhapaTTho amacco teNaM javasAhuNA rAyatte viraahiyo| tAhe amacco ciMteti-'kahaM eyassa veraM nijjAemi? ' tti kAuM gaddabharAyaM bhaNati-esa parIsahaparAtizro Ago rajjaM pelleukAmo, jati na pattiyasi pecchaha se uvassae aaauhaanni| teNa ya amacceNa puvvaM ceva tANi zrAuhANi tammi uvassae nUmiyANi pttiyaavnnnimittN| rannA divANi / pttijjitro| tIe a kuMbhakArasAlAe uMduro dukkiuM dukkiDaM 104. yahA~ se Age TIkAntargata prAkRta-kathAnaka bRhatkalpacUrNi ke pATha se uddhRta hai, kucha gauNa pharka hai| isa lie yahA~ cUrNi kA pATha avatarita nahIM kiyA hai| 105. jAsi esi puNo ceva, pAsesU ttirittillsi| lakkhito te mayA bhAvo javaM patthesi gaddabhA // iti rUpA gAthA bRhatkalpacUau~ /

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48 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya zrosarati bhennN| tAhe teNaM kumbhakAreNaM bhannati-- sukumAlaga! bhaddalayA! rattiM hiMDaNasIlayA! / bhayaM te natthi maMmUlA, dIhapaTThAyo te bhayaM // 1156 // so vi NeNa silogo ghio| tAhe so rAyA taM piyaraM mAreukAmo rahaM maggai / 'pagAse uDDAho hohi 'tti kAuM amacceNa samaM rattiM pharusasAlaM allINo acchati / tattha teNa sAhuNA paDhio paDhamo silogo "aAdhAvatI pdhaavsii".........|| (gA0 1157).06 rannA nAyaM-vetiyA mo, dhuvaM atisesI esa sAdhU / tatro bitiyo paDhiyo-" iao gatA iao gtaa............||" (gA0 1158) taM pi NeNaM parigayaM, jahAnAtayaM (v. 1. nAyaM) eteNa / to tatigro paDhiyo-" sukumAlaga ! bhddlyaa............||" (gA0 1156) tAhe jANati-esa amacco mamaM ceva mAreukAmo, katro mamaM rAtA (rAyA) hoU saMte bhoe pariccaittA puNo te cetra pattheti ?, esa amacco maM mAreukAmo evaM jattaM krei| tAhe rAyA amaccassa sIsaM chettaM sAhussa uvagaMtuM savvaM kahei khAmei y|| atha zlokatrayasyAkSarArthaH-zrA-ISad aAbhimukhyena vA dhAvasi prAdhAvasi, prakarSaNa pRSThato vA dhAvasi mAmapi ca nirIkSase. lakSitaste mayA 'bhAvaH abhiprAyo yathA 'yavaM' yavadhAnyaM caritaM prArthayasi bho giibh| dvitIyapakSe yavanAmAnaM rAjAnaM mArayituM bho grdbhnRpte| prArthayasIti prathamazlokaH / / 1157 // ___ ito gatA ito gatA, mRgyamANA na dRzyate, ahametad vijAnAmi 'agaDe' bhUmigRhe gartAyAM vA kSiptA 'aDolikA' undoyikA nRpatiduhitA vaa| dvitIyazlokaH / / 1154 / / mUSakasya rAjJazca zarIrasaukumAryabhAvAt sukumAraka! ityAmantraNam, 'bhaddalaga 'tti bhadrAkRte! rAtrau hiNDanazIla ! mUSakasya divA mAnuSAvazokanacakitatayA rAjJastu vIracaryayA rAtrau paryaTanazIlatvAt, bhayaM 'te' tava nAsti 'manmUlAt ' mannimittAt kintu 'dIrghapRSThAt ' ekatra sarpAt anyatra tu amAtyAt 'te' tava bhayamiti tRtIyazlokaH // 1156 // --bRhakalpasUtra, vibhAga, 2, prathama uddeza, sUtra 1, bhASyagAthA 1157-61, pR0 356-361. uparyukta avataraNa kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA jarUrI hai| sArI kathA aitihAsika na ho kintu gardabha lagatA hai jisakA kAlakakathA se sambandha hai| yahA~ bhI usakA kAmI svabhAva prakaTita hai| aDoliyA nAma paradezI (zAyada kisI grIka-yAvanI) nAma kA rUpAntara lagatA hai| DA. zAntilAla zAha ne apane grantha meM anumAna kiyA hai ki anilasuta vaha Antialkidas hai aura gardabha vaha Khardaa' 0 7 hai, yaha hameM ThIka nahIM lagatA, kyoMki Antialkidas kA anilasuta honA azakya hai| aura anila kA suta aisA artha leM taba bhI vaha Antialkidas nahIM ho sakatA aura Khardaa (mathurA ke siMha-dhvaja ke lekha meM uddiSTa) isa Antialkidas kA lar3akA nahIM ho sktaa| zrI0 zAntilAla zAha kA yaha anumAna ki "aNilasuto javo NAma rAyA" ki jagaha "aNilasuto NAma yavano rAyA" honA cAhiye usase bhI pUrA saMtoSa nahIM hotA kyoMki usakA lar3akA Khardaa nahIM hai| phira bhI gardabha kauna ? isa viSaya ke saMzodhana meM sambhava hai yaha avataraNa madatarUpa ho bhI jAya ! kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke viSaya meM cUrNiyoM ke, kathAnakoM ke anya avataraNa hama yahA~ nahIM dete kyoMki ve sabhI navAba aura DA0 brAuna ne saGgrahIta kiye hue haiN| 106. gAthAyeM 1157, 1158, 1156 upara dI gaI haiM isa lie hamane yahA~ pUrI avatArita nahIM kI haiN| 107. zAntilAla zAha, dha TraeNDizanala kraoNnolaoNji oNpha dha jainajha pR0 61, 68. mathurA ke siMha-dhvaja Khardaa ke ullekha ke lie dekho epigrAphiyA inDikA vaoN0 6, pR0 140, 147.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya upasaMhAra isa lekha kA uddezya hai jaina sAkSiyoM kI chAnabIna krnaa| isa samIkSA se hama nizcitarUpa se haka sakate haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the| eka to unhoMne anuyogAdi granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura dUsarA inhIM granthoM meM se pravrajyAviSayaka kAlakaracita gAthAyeM milI haiN| nigoda-vyAkhyAnakAra, suvarNabhUmi ko jAne vAle, Arya samudra ke dAdAguru aura anuyoganirmAtA, AjIvikoM se nimitta par3hanevAle aura jinhoMne sAtavAhana rAjA ko mathurA kA bhaviSya kahA thA vaha kAlaka Arya zyAma hI haiN| itanA to nizcita hI hai| dharmaghoSasUri ne zrIRSimaNDalastava meM prajJApanAkAra zyAmArya ko prathamAnuyoga aura lokAnuyoga ke kartA kAlakasUri kahA hai / kAlaka ke bAda unhoMne Arya samudra kI stuti kI hai nijjUdA jeNa tayA pannavaNA svvbhaavpnnvnnaa| tevIsaimo puriso pavAro so jayau sAmajjo // 180 // paDhamaNuoge kAsI jiNacakkidasArapuvvabhave / kAlagasUrI bahuaM logaNuoge nimittaM ca / / 181 / / ajasamuddagaNahare dubbalie dhippae pihU savvaM / suttatthacaramaporisisamuhie tigiNa kiikammA // 182 / / -jainastotrasandoha, bhAga 1, pR0 326-30. . devendrasUri ke ziSya zrI dharmaghoSasUri kA lekhanasamaya hai| vi0 saM0 1320-1357 aAsapAsa / ataH I0 sa0 kI teharavIM zatAbdi meM, saGghabhASya Adi ke kartA, zrIdharmaghoSasUri jaise prAcArya bhI zyAmArya ko hI anuyogakAra kAlakAcArya mAnate the| gardabharAjocchedaka kAlaka bhI ve hI Arya zyAma haiM aisA hamArA mata hai| kintu abhI bhI agara kisI ko zaGkA rahI ho, to inako yahI dekhanA cAhiye ki balamitra-bhAnumitra aura Arya kAlaka kA samakAlInatva to nizcita hI hai| purAne granthoM kA pramANa hai| phira paTTAvaliyoM kI paTTadhara kAlagaNanA yA sthavirakAlagaNanA yA nRpakAlagaNanA jinameM kahIM kahIM gar3abar3a hai unako chor3a kara svataMtra prAcIna granthA sAkSiyoM se hamane batAyA hai ki gardabhocchedaka kAlaka aura dUsarI ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka Arya kAlaka eka hI haiM aura ve guNasundara ke ziSya aAryazyAma hI hone caahiye| inakA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdi hai| jinako dUsare kAlaka (vIrAt 453) maMjUra hai ina ke hisAba se bhI kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA samaya i0 sa0 pUrva pahalI zatAbdi to hai hii| .. kAlaka kisI sAtavAhana rAjA ke samakAlIna the| vaha rAjA kauna thA? kyoM ki kAlaka eka kAlpanika vyakti nahIM haiM isa lie aba sAtavAhana vaMza ke itihAsa ke bAre meM vidvAnoM ko phira socavicAra karanA caahiye| paJcakalpabhASya, bRhatkalpabhASya jaise granthoM ke kartA saGghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne yA dUsare bhASyakAra cUrNikAra ne jo aitihAsika bAteM likhI haiM ve bilakula kapolakalpita nahIM kintu jyAdAtara

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50 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya aitihAsika tattvavAlI pratIta hotI jA rahI haiN| kuNAla, samprati aura azokaviSayaka kathA jo bRhatkalpabhASya meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA kI pratIti DA0 motIcandrajI ne inDiana hisTaoNrikala kA~gresa, 17 vA~ sammilana, 1654, ahamadAbAda meM apane vibhAgIya-pramukha vyAkhyAna meM karavAI hai| bhASyoM meM muruNDa rAjAoM ke ullekha bhI aAkhira satya mAlUma hae the| samprati ne jaina sAdhanoM ke vihAra ke lie, Andhra aura dakSiNa meM suvidhAyeM kI yaha bhI satyaghaTanA hai| pazcimI aura dakSiNI bhArata meM (draviDa-pradeza)meM samprati ne mauryasAmrAjya ko bar3hAyA yA balavattara kiyA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya aura Avazyaka cUrNi ke nahapAna aura sAtavAhana ke bIca ke saMgharSa kI aura sAtavAhana rAjA kI jIta kI bAta bhI satya mAlUma par3I hai, kyoM ki gautamIputra sAtakarNI ne nahapAna ke sikkoM para phira apanI mahora lagAI hai| hamAre khayAla meM nahapAna ko jItanevAlA sAtavAhana kAlaka ke samakAlIna sAtavAhana nareza ke bAda kA rAjA hai| ____ balamitra-bhAnumitra aura kAlaka kA samakAlIna sAtavAhana I0 sa0 pUrva kI prathama zatAbdi ke pUrvArddha se I0 sa0 pUrva kI dvitIya zatAbdi ke uttarArddha meM huA thaa| vaha sAtavAhana kauna thA ? ye bAteM aba phira vicAraNIya haiM kyoM ki kAlaka sacamuca huaA thaa| jaina Agama-sAhitya bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa ke adhyayana meM ati mahattva kA hai isa bAta kI bhora yogya dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| isa Agama sAhitya meM kaI bAteM aisI haiM jinakA mahattva prAcIna bauddha sAhitya yA brAhmaNa sAhitya se kama nhiiN| ina tInoM sAhitya kA adhyayana eka dUsare kA pUraka hai| jisa ko harddhama purAtattva meM Northern Black Polished Vare ( N.B.P.) kahate haiM yA azoka ke jamAne kA jo High Polish dekhane meM AtA hai, usakA eka mAtra varNana saMdarbha hameM jaina aupapAtika sUtra meM pRthivIzilApaTa ke varNaka meM milatA haiN|' 08 ____ isase hameM cAhiye ki jaina aAgama sAhitya, vizeSa karake bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM kI ora jyAdA dhyAna deN| isakI acchI samIkSA bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM hameM sahAyyaka hogii| bhASAzAstriyoM ke lie bhI bhASyoM aura vizeSataH cUrNiyoM meM vipula sAmagrI par3I hai| suvarNabhUmi aura suvarNadvIpa meM bhAratIya-saMskRti ke pracAra meM pazcima aura madhya bhArata kA bhI hissA hai jisakI ora bhI dhyAna denA jurUrI hai| sUrpAraka se suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle vyApAriyoM kI kathA jAtakoM meM milatI hai| kAlaka ke kArya pradeza bhI pazcima, dakSiNa aura mAdhyabhArata the aura ve suvarNabhUmi meM gaye / gujarAta ke vyApArI jAvA ko jAte the, guptottara kAla meM bhii| gujarAtI meM isa matalaba kI eka kahAvata hai ki jo jAvA ko jAtA hai vaha bahudhA vApasa nahIM AtA hai aura yadi koI loTa aAyA, to itanA dhana lAtA hai jo pIr3hiyoM taka akhUTa rahe / prAcIna jAvA ke rAmAyaNa ' kAkavina' 109 kA vastu pazcima bhArata meM racita bhaTTikAvya se vizeSataH liyA gayA hai yaha bAta bhI sUcaka hai|' 10 108. dekho, umAkAnta zAha, sTaDIjha ina jaina ArTa (banArasa, 1955), pR0 61-66,83. 106. isake vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye, DaoN0 so0 hUikAsakRta da olDa-jAvAnIjha rAmAyaNa kAkavina, avanahega (naidalaiMnDajha), 1655. 110. isa lekha kI hindI bhASAzuddhi aura prupha dekhane ke liye zrI jayantabhAI ThAkara aura paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAjI kA RNI huuN|

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jainadharma kI pustakeM " 1. Studies in Jain Philosophy - Dr. Nathmal Tatia Rs. 16/2. A Critique of Organ of Knowledge - 'Dr. Mookerji & Dr. Tatia Rs. 15/3. Lord Mahavira - Dr. Bool Chand Rs. 4/8/4. Hastinapura - Prof. Amar Chond, M.A. Rs. 2/4/5. World Problems & Jaina Ethics - Dr. Beni Prasad As. -/6/6. Jainism - J.P. Jain M.A. Rs. 1/8/7. Mahavira - Prof. Amar Chand M.A. As. -/6/8. Pacifism & Jainism - Pt. Sukhlalji As. -119. Studies in Jain Art - Dr. U. P. Shoh Rs. 10/10. Jainism in Indian History - Dr. Bool Chand As. -/6/11. gujarAta kA jainadharma - zrI jinavijaya jI bAraha AnA 12. jainagrantha aura granthakAra - zrI phatahacanda velAnI Der3ha rupayA 13. bhArata ke prAcIna jainatIrtha - DA. jagadIzacandra jaina do rupayA 14. jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA - zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA cAra AnA 15. bhagavAna mahAvIra - zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA do AnA 16. jainAgama dasa AnA 17. jaina dArzanika sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana - zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA dasa AnA 18. AtmamImAMsA - do rupayA 19. tattvArthasUtra - zrI paM0 sukhalAla jI sAr3he pAMca rupayA 20. cAra tIrthakara - , do rupayA 21. dharma aura samAja- " Der3ha rupayA 22. antanirIkSaNa - cha AnA 23. jaina sAhitya kI pragati - , ATha AnA 24. jaina dharma kA prANa- " cha AnA 25. anekAntavAda - bAraha AnA 26. gAMdhIjI aura dharma- , dasa AnA 27. vastupAla kA vidyAmaNDala - DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA ATha AnA 28. rAjarSi kumArapAla - zrI jinavijaya jI ATha AnA -29. hinda, jaina aura harijana mandira praveza - zrI pRthvIrAja jaina ema0e0 sAta AnA 30. jIvana meM syAdvAda - zrI candrazaMkara zukla bAraha AnA 31. hemacandrAcArya kA ziSyamaNDala - DA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA pAMca AnA 32. magadha - zrI baijanAtha siMha 'vinoda' eka rupayA 33. vIra dharma kI kahAniyA~ do rupayA milane kA patA- jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa-5, For Payale & Personal S eary.org