Sramana 1990 04

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525002/1

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10 pramaNa 33 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna bArANasI-5 apraila-jUna-1660 Swawwarainelibrary.org

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pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sahasampAdaka DA. zivaprasAda - - - varSa 41 apraila-jUna 1990 aMka 4-6 - prastuta aMka meM 1. jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA -pro0 sAgaramala jaina 2. jaina saMskRti aura zramaNa paramparA .. -DaoN0 zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva 3 mAnava vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa -DA0 triveNI prasAda siMha 4. sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra -DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 5. pArzvanAtha janmabhUmi maMdira, vArANasI kI purAtattvIya vaibhava -pro0 sAgaramala jaina 77 6. prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vaibhava --praveza bhAradvAja 7. vidyAzrama kI gatividhiyA~ 101 8. jaina jagat 103 9. sAhitya satkAra 105 vArSika zulka cAlIsa rupaye eka prati dasa rUpayA - yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA sasthAna sahamata ho|

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jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA -pro0 sAgaramala jaina jainadharma meM tIrtha kA mahattva ___mamagra bhAratIya paramparAoM meM 'tIrtha' kI avadhAraNA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai phira bhI jaina paramparA meM tIrtha ko jo mahattva diyA gayA hai vaha viziSTa hI hai, kyoMki usameM dharma ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai aura dharma-pravartaka tathA upAsanA evaM sAdhanA ke Adarza ko tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai| anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo sthAna Izvara kA hai, vahI jaina paramparA meM tIrthaGkara kA hai| tIrthaGkara ko dharmarUpI tIrtha, kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo tIrtha arthAt dharma mArga kI sthApanA karatA hai, vahI tIrthaGkara hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM tIrtha evaM tIrthaGkara kI avadhAraNAe~ paraspara jur3I huI haiM aura ve jainadharma kI prANa haiN| jainadharma meM tIrtha kA sAmAnya artha jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha kI avadhAraNA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| tIrtha zabda kI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA haitIryate aneneti tIrthaH' arthAt jisake dvArA pAra huA jAtA hai vaha tIrtha kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya artha meM nadI, samudra Adi ke ve taTa jinase usa pAra jAne kI yAtrA prArambha kI jAtI thI tIrtha kahalAte the; isa artha meM jainAgama jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM mAgadha tIrtha, varadAma tIrtha aura prabhAsa tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai| tIrtha kA lAkSaNika artha . __lAkSaNika dRSTi se jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha zabda kA artha liyA-jo saMsAra samudra se pAra karatA hai, vaha tIrtha hai aura aise tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA tIrthaGkara hai| saMkSepa meM mokSa mArga ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM zrutadharma, sAdhanA-mArga, prAvacana, pravacana 1. (a) abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242 . (ba) sthAnAMga TIkA / 2. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 3 / 57,59, 62 (sampA0 madhukara muni)

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aura tIrtha-ina pAMcoM ko paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha zabda kevala taTa athavA pavitra yA pUjya sthala ke artha meM prayukta na hokara eka vyApaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| tIrtha se jainoM kA tAtparya mAtra kisI pavitra sthala taka hI sImita nahIM hai| ve to samagra dharmamArga aura dharma sAdhakoM ke samUha ko hI tIrtha-rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| tIrtha kA AdhyAtmika artha ___ jainoM ne tIrtha ke laukika aura vyutpattiparaka artha se Upara uThakara use AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cANDAla. kulotpanna harakezI nAmaka mahAn nirgrantha sAdhaka se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki ApakA sarovara kauna-sA hai ? ApakA zAntitIrtha kauna-sA hai ? to usake pratyuttara meM unhoMne kahA ki dharma hI merA sarovara hai aura brahmacarya hI zAnti-tIrtha hai jisameM snAna karake AtmA nirmala aura vizuddha ho jAtI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki saritA Adi dravyatIrtha to mAtra bAhyamala arthAt zarIra kI zuddhi karate haiM athavA ve kevala nadI, samudra Adi ke pAra pahuMcAte haiM, ataH ve vAstavika tIrtha nahIM haiN| vAstavika tIrtha to vaha hai jo jIva ko saMsArasamudra se usa pAra mokSarUpI taTa para pahu~cAtA hai| vizeSAvazyaka suyadhammatitthamaggo pAvayaNaM pavayaNaM ca egaTThA / suttaM taMtaM gaMtho pADho satthaM pavayaNaM ca egaTThA / / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1378 ke te harae ? ke ya te santititthe ? kahisi NahAo va rayaM jahAsi ? dhamme haraye baMbhe santititthe aNAvile attapasannalese / jahiMsi hAo vimalo visuddho susIio pajahAmi dosaM / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12 / 45-46 dehAitArayaM jaM bajjhamalAvaNayaNAimettaM ca / gaMtANaccaM tiyaphalaM ca to davvatitthaM taM / / iha tAraNAiphalayaMti pahANa-pANA-'vagAhaNaI hiM / bhavatArayaMti keI taM no jiivovghaayaao| vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1028-1029

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bhASya meM na kevala laukika tIrthasthaloM (dravyatIrtha) kI apekSA AdhyA tmika tIrtha (bhAvatIrtha) kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai, apitu nadiyoMke jala meM snAna aura usakA pAna athavA unameM avagAhana mAtra se saMsAra se mukti mAna lene kI dhAraNA kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra kahatA hai ki "dAha kI zAnti, tRSA kA nAza ityAdi kAraNoM se gaMgA Adi ke jala ko zarIra ke lie upakArI hone se tIrtha mAnate ho to anya khAdya, peya evaM zarIra-zUddhi karane vAle dravya ityAdi bhI zarIra ke upakArI hone ke kAraNa tIrtha mAne jAyeMge kintu inheM koI bhI tIrtharUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA hai"|' vAstava meM to tIrtha vaha hai jo hamAre AtmA ke mala ko dhokara hameM saMsAra sAgara se pAra karAtA hai| jaina paramparA kI tIrtha kI yaha adhyAtmaparaka vyAkhyA hameM vaidika paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai-satya tIrtha hai, kSamA aura indriya-nigraha bhI tIrtha hai| samasta prANiyoM ke prati dayAbhAva, citta kI saralatA, dAna, santoSa, brahmacarya kA pAlana, priyavacana, jJAna, dhairya aura puNya karma-ye sabhI tIrtha haiN|2 dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha jainoM ne tIrtha ke jaMgamatIrtha aura sthAvaratIrtha aise do vibhAga bhI kiye haiN| inheM hama kramazaH cetanatIrtha aura jar3atIrtha athavA bhAvatIrtha dehovagAri vA teNa tithamiha dAhanAsaNAIhiM / mahu-majja-masa-vessAdao vi to titthamAvanna / vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1031 satyaM tIrthaM kSamA tIrtha tIrtha mindriyanigrahaH / sarvabhUtadayAtIrtha sarvatrArjavameva ca / / dAnaM tIrthaM damastIthaM saMtoSastIrthamucyate / brahmacarya paraM tIrthaM tIrthaM ca priyavAditA / / tIrthAnAmapi tattIrthaM vizuddhimanasaH praa| zabdakalpadruma-'tIrtha', pR0 626 bhAve titthaM saMgho suyavihiyaM tArao tahiM sAhU / nANAitiyaM taraNaM tariyavvaM bhavasa muddo yaM / / nitopAThayakabhASya 1032

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aura dravyatIrtha bhI kaha sakate haiM / vastutaH nadI, sarovara Adi to jar3a yA dravya tIrtha haiM, jabaki zrutavihita mArga para calane vAlA saMgha bhAvatIrtha hai aura vahI vAstavika tIrtha hai| usameM sAdhujana pAra karAne vAle haiM, jJAnAdi ratnatraya naukA-rUpa tairane ke sAdhana haiM aura saMsAra-samudra hI pAra karane kI vastu hai| jina jJAna darzana-cAritra Adi dvArA ajJAnAdi sAMsArika bhAvoM se pAra huA jAtA hai, ve hI bhAvatIrtha haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi mala haiM, inako jo nizcaya hI dUra karatA hai vahI vAstava meM tIrtha hai|' jinake dvArA krodhAdi kI agni ko zAnta kiyA jAtA hai vahI saMgha vastutaH tIrtha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna jaina paramparA meM Atmazuddhi kI sAdhanA aura jisa saMgha meM sthita hokara yaha sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai, vaha saMgha hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| 'tIrtha' ke cAra prakAra vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha hai, nAmatIrtha, sthApanAtIrtha, dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha / jinheM tIrtha nAma diyA gayA hai ve nAmatIrtha haiN| ve vizeSa sthala jinheM tIrtha mAna liyA gayA hai, ve sthApanAtIrtha haiN| anya paramparAoM meM pavitra mAne gaye nadI, sarovara Adi athavA jinendra deva ke janma dIkSA, kaivalya-prApti evaM nirvANa ke sthala dravyatIrtha haiM, jabaki mokSamArga aura usakI sAdhanA karane vAlA caturvidhasaMgha bhAvatIrtha hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM sarvaprathama to jinopadiSTa dharma, usa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle sAdhu jaM mANa-dasaNa-caritabhAvao ttrivkkhbhaavaao| bhava bhAvao ya tArei teNaM taM bhAvao titthaM / / taha koh-loh-kmmmydaah-tnnhaa-mlaavnnynnaaii| egateNaccaMtaM ca kuNai ya suddhi bhavoghAo / / dAhovamamA isa vA jatisu thiyamahava daMsagAIsu / to titthaM saMgho cciya ubhayaM va visesaNavisessaM / / kohaggidAhasamagAdo va te ceva jassa tiSNatthA / hoi tiyatthaM titthaM tamatthavaddo phalastho'yaM / / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1033-1036. nAma ThavaNA-titthAM, davvatittha ceva bhAvatitthaM ca / abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242

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( 5 ) - sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikArUpa caturvidhasaMgha ko hI tIrtha aura usake saMsthApaka ko tIrthaGkara kahA gayA hai / yadyapi paravartI kAla meM pavitra sthala bhI dravya tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiye gaye haiM / tortha zabda dharmasaMgha ke artha meM prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa paramparA ke sAhitya meM 'tIrtha' zabda kA prayoga dharma saMgha ke artha meM hotA rahA hai / pratyeka dharmasaMgha yA dhArmika sAdhakoM kA varga tIrtha kahalAtA thA, isI AdhAra para apanI paramparA se bhinna logoM ko taithika yA anyatairthika kahA jAtA thA / jaina sAhitya meM bauddha Adi anya zramaNa paramparAoM ko taithika yA anyataithika ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / " bauddha grantha dIghanikAya ke sAmaJJaphalasutta meM bhI nirgrantha jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke atirikta maMkhaligozAlaka, ajita kezakambala, pUrNakAzyapa, pakudhakAtyAyana Adi ko bhItitthakara ( tIrthaMkara ) kahA gayA hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unake sAdhakoM kA varga bhI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita hotA thA jaina paramparA meM to jainasaMgha yA jaina sAdhakoM ke samudAya ke lie tIrtha zabda kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka yathAvat pracalita hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahA hai ki he bhagavan ! ApakA yaha tIrtha sarvodaya arthAt sabakA kalyANa karane vAlA hai|' mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha sadaiva hI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai / sAdhanA ko sukaratA aura duSkaratA ke AdhAra para tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhanA paddhati ke sukara yA duSkara hone ke AdhAra para bhI ina saMgharUpI tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 1. 2. 2. 'paratitthiyA' - sUtrakRtAMga, 1|6|1 evaM vRtte, annatarI rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca - 'ayaM, deva, pUraNo kassapo saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca nAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, rattannU, cirapabbajito, addhagato vayoanupapatto / dIghanikAya ( sAmaJJaphalamuttaM ) 22 sAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM taveva // 61 mahAvIra kA sarvodaya tIrtha, pR012

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bhASyakAra ne cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai' ki1. sarvaprathama kucha tIrtha (taTa) aise hote haiM 'jinameM praveza bhI sukhakara hotA hai aura jahA~ se pAra karanA bhI sukhakara hotA hai; isI prakAra kucha tIrtha yA sAdhaka-saMgha aise hote haiM, jinameM praveza bhI sukhada hotA hai aura sAdhanA bhI sukhada hotI hai / aise tIrtha kA udAharaNa dete hue bhASyakAra ne zaivamata kA ullekha kiyA hai, kyoMki zaiva sampradAya meM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM hI sukhakara mAne gaye haiN| 2. dUsare varga meM ve tIrtha ( taTa ) Ate haiM jinameM praveza to sukharUpa ho kintu jahA~ se pAra honA duSkara yA kaThina ho / isI prakAra kucha dharmasaMghoM meM praveza to sukhada hotA hai kintu sAdhanA kaThina hotI hai| aise saMgha kA udAharaNa bauddha-saMgha ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| bauddha saMgha meM praveza to sulabhatApUrvaka sambhava thA, kintu sAdhanA utanI sukharUpa nahIM thI, jitanI ki zaiva sampradAya kii| 3. tIsare varga meM aise tIrtha kA ullekha huA hai jisameM praveza to kaThina hai kintu sAdhanA sukara hai|' bhASyakAra ne isa sandarbha meM jainoM ke hI acela sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa saMgha meM acelakatA anivArya thI, ataH isa tIrtha ko praveza kI dRSTi se duSkara, kintu anupAlana kI dRSTi se sukara mAnA gayA hai / 4. granthakAra ne cauthe varga meM usa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM dUSkara hai aura svayaM isa rUpa meM apane hI sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha vargIkaraNa kitanA samucita hai yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, kintu itanA ahava suhottArUttAraNAi dave caunvihaM titthaM / evaM ciya bhAvammivi tatthAimayaM sarakkhANaM // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1041-41 (bhASyakAra ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|)

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nizcita hai ki sAdhanA-mArga kI sukaratA yA duSkaratA ke AdhAra para jaina paramparA meM vividha prakAra ke tIrthoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai aura sAdhanA-mArga ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha se tAtparya mukhya rUpa se pavitra sthala kI apekSA sAdhanA-vidhi se liyA gayA hai aura jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-rUpa mokSamArga ko hI bhAvatIrtha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye sAdhaka ke viSaya kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra karake samAdhi rUpI AtmazAnti ko prApta karavAne meM samartha haiN| prakArAntara se sAdhakoM ke varga ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrtha kI vyAkhyA karate hae spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki catuvidha zramaNasaMgha hI tIrtha hai|' zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAyeM isa caturvidha zramaNasaMgha ke cAra aMga haiN| isa prakAra yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcIna jaina granthoM meM tIrtha zabda ko saMsAra samudra se pAra karAne vAle sAdhana ke rUpa meM grahIta karake trividha sAdhanA-mArga aura usakA anupAlana karane vAle caturvidha zramaNasaMgha ko hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha jainoM kI digambara paraMparA meM tIrtha kA vibhAjana nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha ke rUpa meM huA hai| nizcayatIrtha ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama to AtmA ke zuddha-buddha svabhAva ko hI nizcayatIrtha kahA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamahAvatoM se yukta samyakatva se vizuddha, pAMca indriyoM se saMyata nirapekSa AtmA hI aisA tIrtha hai jisameM dIkSA aura zikSA rUpa snAna karake pavitra huA jAtA hai| punaH nirdoSa samyaktva, titthaM bhaMte titthaM titthagare tittha ? goyamA ! ara hA tAva NiyamA titthagare, titthaM puNa cAuvaNAiNe samaNasaMghe / taM jahA-samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA, sAviyAo ya / bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, udde0 8, 'vayasaMmattavisuddhe paMceMdiyasaMjade nniraavekkho| pahAe u muNI titthedikkhA sikkhA sumhANeNa / ' - bodha pAhuDa, mU026-27

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kSamA Adi dharma, nirmalasaMyama, uttama tapa aura yathArthajJAna-ye saba bhI kaSAyabhAva se rahita aura zAntabhAva se yukta hone para nizcayatIrtha mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM zrutadharma ko tIrtha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko pavitra banAtA hai| sAmAnya niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve sabhI sAdhana jo AtmA ke viSaya-kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra kara use saMsAra samudra se pAra utArane meM sahAyaka hote haiM yA pavitra banAte haiM, ve nizcayatIrtha haiN| yadyapi bodhapAhuDa kI TIkA (lagabhaga 11vIM zatI) meM yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai ki 'jo nizcayatIrtha kI prApti kA kAraNa hai aise jagata-prasiddha muktajIvoM ke caraNakamaloM se saMsparzita urjayaMta, zatruJjaya, pAvAgiri Adi tIrtha haiM aura karmakSaya kA kAraNa hone se ve vyavahAratIrtha bhI vandanIya mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI sAdhanA-mArga aura Atmavizuddhi ke kAraNoM ko nizcayatIrtha aura paMcakalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko vyavahAra tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki dAhopazamana, tRSAnAza aura mala kI zuddhi ye tIna kArya jo karate haiM ve dravyatIrtha haiM kintu jo jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se yukta jinadeva haiM ve bhAvatIrtha haiM / yaha bhAvatIrtha hI nizcayatIrtha hai| kalyANaka bhUmi to vyavahAratIrtha hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pradhAnatA to bhAvatIrtha yA nizcayatIrtha ko hI dI gaI hai, kintu Atmavizuddhi ke hetu yA preraka hone ke kAraNa dravyatIrthoM yA vyavahAratIrthoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / smaraNa rahe ki anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo tIrtha kI avadhAraNA upalabdha hai, usakI tulanA jainoM ke dravya-tIrtha se kI jA sakatI hai| bodhapAhuDa, TIkA 26 / 91 / 21 sudadhammo etya puNa titthaM / mUlAcAra, 557 'tajjagatprasiddha nizcayatIrthaprAptikAraNaM mukta munipAdaspRSTaM tIrthaurjayantazatrujayalATadezapAvAgiri bodhapAhuDa, TIkA, 27 / 93 / 7 vihaM ca hoi titthA NAdavvaM davvabhAvasaMjuttaM / edesi doNhaM pi ya patteya parUvaNA hodi / / malAcAra, 560

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jana paramparA meM tIrtha zabda kA artha-vikAsa zramaNa-paramparA meM prArambha meM tIrtha kI isa avadhAraNA ko eka AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaise prAcIna AgamikavyAkhyA granthoM meM bhI vaidika paramparA meM mAnya nadI, sarovara Adi sthaloM ko tIrtha mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para ratnatraya se yukta sAdhanAmArga arthAt usa sAdhanA meM cala rahe sAdhaka ke saMgha ko tIrtha ke rUpa meM abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yahI dRSTikoNa acela paramparA ke grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM hama kara cuke haiN| kintu paravartI kAla meM jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sambandhI avadhAraNA meM parivartana haA aura dravyatIrtha arthAt pavitra sthaloM ko bhI tIrtha mAnA gyaa| sarvaprathama tIrthaGkaroM ke janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa se sambandhita sthaloM ko pUjya mAnakara unheM tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / Age calakara tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM se sambandhita sthala hI nahIM apitu gaNadhara evaM pramukha muniyoM ke nirvANa. sthala aura unake jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se jur3e hue sthala bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gye| isase bhI Age calakara ve sthala bhI, jahA~ kalAtmaka mandira bane yA jahA~ kI pratimAe~ camatkArapUrNa mAnI gayIM, tIrtha kahe gye| hindU aura jainatIrtha kI avadhAraNAoM meM maulika antara yaha satya hai ki kAlAntara meM jainoM ne hindU paramparA ke samAna hI kucha sthaloM ko pavitra aura pUjya mAnakara unakI pUjA aura yAtrA ko mahattva diyA, kintu phira bhI donoM avadhAraNAoM meM mUlabhUta antara hai| hindU paramparA nadI, sarovara Adi ko svataH pavitra mAnatI hai, jaise- gNgaa| yaha nadI kisI RSi-muni Adi ke jIvana kI kisI ghaTanA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu svata: hI pavitra hai / aise pavitra sthala para snAna, pUjA arcanA, dAna puNya evaM yAtrA Adi karane ko eka dhArmika kRtya mAnA jAtA hai / isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthala ko apane Apa meM pavitra nahIM mAnA gayA, apitu yaha mAnA gayA ki tIrthaMkara athavA anya tyAgI-tapasvI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana se

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( 10 ) sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ve sthala pavitra bane haiM / jainoM ke anusAra koI bhI sthala apane Apa meM pavitra yA apavitra nahIM hotA, apitu vaha kisI mahApuruSa se sambaddha hokara yA unakA sAnnidhya pAkara pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai, yathA - kalyANaka bhUmiyA~, jo tIrthaMkara ke janma, dIkSA, kaivalya yA nirvANasthala hone se pavitra mAnI jAtI haiM / bauddha paramparA meM bhI buddha ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM ko pavitra mAnA gayA hai / hindU aura jaina paramparA meM dUsarA mahattvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM pramukhatayA nadI-sarovara Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahIM jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA kisI nagara athavA parvata ko hI tIrthasthala ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / yaha antara bhI mUlataH to kisI sthala ko svataH pavitra mAnanA yA kisI prasiddha mahApuruSa ke kAraNa pavitra mAnanA - isI tathya para AdhArita hai / punaH isa antara kA eka prasiddha kAraNa yaha bhI hai jahA~ hindU paramparA meM bAhya zauca ( snAnAdi zArIrika zuddhi ) kI pradhAnatA thI, vahIM jaina paramparA meM tapa aura tyAga dvArA Atmazuddhi kI pradhAnatA thI, snAnAdi to vayaM hI mAne gaye the / ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM nadI-sarovara tIrtha rUpa meM vikasita hue, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA sthala ke rUpa meM vanaparvata Adi tIrthoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hue / yadyapi ApavAdika rUpa meM hindU paramparA meM bhI kailAza Adi parvatoM ko tIrtha mAnA gayA, vahIM jaina paramparA meM zatru jaya nadI Adi ko pavitra yA tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, kintu yaha ina paramparAoM ke pArasparika prabhAva kA pariNAma thA / punaH hindU paramparA meM jina parvatIya sthaloM jaise kailAza Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA gayA unake pIche bhI kisI deva kA nivAsasthAna yA usakI sAdhanAsthalI honA hI ekamAtra kAraNa thA, kintu yaha nivRttimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva thA / dUsarI ora hindU paraMparA ke prabhAva se jainoM meM bhI yaha avadhAraNA banI ki yadi zatru jaya nadI meM snAna nahIM kiyA to mAnava jIvana hI nirarthaka ho gayA / < 'saMtarU'jI nadI nahAyo nahIM, to gayo minakha jamAro hAra'

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( 11 ) tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA pUrva vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA meM 'tIrtha' zabda ke artha kA aitihAsika vikAsa krama hai / sarvaprathama jaina dharma meM gaMgA Adi laukika tIrthoM kI yAtrA tathA vahA~ snAna, pUjana Adi ko dharma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se anAvazyaka mAnA gayA aura tIrtha zabda ko AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA-mArga ko tathA usa sAdhanA kA anupAlana karane vAle sAdhakoM ke saMgha ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / kintu kAlAntara meM jaina paramparA meM bhI tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko pavitra sthAnoM ke rUpa meM mAnya karake tIrtha kI laukika avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA / I0 pU0 meM racita ati prAcIna jaina AgamoM jaise AcArAMga Adi meM hameM jaina tIrthasthaloM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai. yadyapi unameM hindU paramparA ke tIrthasthaloM para hone vAle mahotsavoM tathA yAtrAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / parantu AdhyAtmamArgI jaina paramparA muni ke lie ina tIrthame loM aura yAtrAoM meM bhAga lene kA bhI niSedha karatI thI / ' IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke madhya nirmita paravartI Agamika sAhitya meM bhI yadyapi jaina tIrthasthaloM aura tIrthayAtrAoM ke spaSTa saMketa to nahIM milate, phira bhI inameM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANakabhUmiyoMvizeSa rUpa se janma evaM nirvANa sthaloM kI carcA hai / sAtha hI tIrthaGkaroM kI citA bhasma evaM asthiyoM ko kSIrasamudrAdi meM pravAhita karane tathA devaloka meM unake rakhe jAne ke ullekha ina AgamoM meM haiM / unameM asthiyoM evaM citA bhasma para caitya aura stUpa ke nirmANa ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| jambudvIpaprajJapti meM RSabha ke nirvANa-sthala para stUpa 2 1. se bhikkhu vA bhikkhu vA mahesu vA dahamahesu vA DigAjjA | thUbha mahesu vA NaI mahesu vA 2. ( a ) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya (ba) Avazyakaniyukti 382-84 AcArAMga 2 / 1 / 2 / 24 ( lADanU ) 2251 cetiya mahesu vA taDAga saramahesu vA ...No

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( 12 ) banAne kA ullekha hai / " isa kAla ke Agama granthoM meM hameM deva - loka evaM nandIzvara dvIpa meM nirmita caitya Adi ke ullekhoM ke sAthasAtha yaha bhI varNana milatA hai ki parva tithiyoM meM devatA naMdIzvaradvIpa jAkara mahotsava Adi manAte haiM / yadyapi isa kAla ke AgamoM meM arihaMtoM ke stUpoM evaM caityoM ke ullekha to haiM kintu una pavitra sthaloM para manuSyoM dvArA Ayojita hone vAle mahotsavoM aura unakI tIrtha yAtrAoM para jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / vidvAnoM se merI apekSA hai ki yadi unheM isa taraha kA koI ullekha mile to ve sUcita kareM / yadyapi lohAnIpura aura mathurA meM upalabdha jina-mUrtiyoM, AyAgapaToM, stUpAMkanoM tathA pUjA ke nimitta kamala lekara prasthAna Adi ke aMkanoM se yaha to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM caityoM ke nirmANa aura jina pratimA ke pUjana kI paramparA I0 pU0 kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhI pracalita thI / kintu tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI ullekhoM kA AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika jaise isa kAla ke prAcIna AgamoM meM abhAva hamAre sAmane eka prazna cihna to avazya hI upasthita karatA hai / tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI samasta ullekha niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNI sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM / AcArAMga niyukti meM aSTApada, urjayanta, gajAgrapada, dharmacakra aura ahicchatrA ko vandana kiyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki niyukti kAla meM tIrthasthaloM ke darzana, vandana evaM yAtrA kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se bana cukI thI aura ise puNya kArya mAnA jAtA thA / nizIthacUrNI meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karane se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai, arthAt vyakti kI zraddhA puSTa hotI hai / 4 1. ( a ) jambUdvIpaprajJapti 2 / 111 ( lADanU ) (ba) Avazyaka niyukti 45 ( sa ) samavAyAMga 35/3 3. jambUdrIpaprajJapti (jabuddI va paNNatti) 2 114-22 aTThAvaya ujjite gayaggapae dhammacakke ya / pAsa rahAvatanagaM camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi 4. nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24 --AcArAMganiryukti, patra 18

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( 13 ). isa prakAra jainoM meM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM ko tIrthana rUpa meM svIkAra kara unakI yAtrA ke spaSTa ullekha sarvaprathama lagabhaga chaThI zatI se milane lagate haiN| yadyapi isake pUrva bhI yaha paramparA pracalita to avazya hI rahI hogii| isa kAla meM kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta ve sthala, jo mandira aura mUrtikalA ke kAraNa prasiddha ho gaye the, unheM bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA aura unakI yAtrA evaM vandana ko bhI bodhilAbha aura nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnA gyaa| nizIthacUrNI meM tIrthaMkaroM kI janma kalyANaka Adi bhUmiyoM ke atirikta uttarApatha meM dharmacakra, mathurA meM devanirmitastUpa aura kozala kI jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ko pUjya batAyA gayA hai|' isa prakAra ve sthala, jahAM kalAtmaka evaM bhavya mandiroM kA nirmANa huA athavA kisI jina-pratimA ko camatkArI mAna liyA gayA, tIrtha rUpa meM mAnya hue| uttarApatha, mathurA aura kozala Adi kI tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddhi isI kAraNa thii| hamArI dRSTi meM sambhavataH Age calakara tIrthoM kA jo vibhAjana kalyANakakSetra, siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM huA, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa thaa| tIrtha kSetra ke prakAra -jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthaloM kA vargIkaraNa mukhya rUpa se tIna vargoM meM kiyA jAtA hai - 1. kalyANakakSetra, 2. nirvANakSetra aura 3. atizayakSetra / 1. kalyANakakSetra-jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke pAMca kalyANaka mAne gaye haiN| kalyANaka zabda kA tAtparya tIrthaMkara ke jIvanakI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se sambandhita pavitra dina se hai / jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha-praveza, janma, dIkSA (abhiniSkramaNa), kaivalya ( bodhiprApti ) aura nirvANa divasoM ko kalyANaka divasa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara kI jIvana kI ye mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ jisa nagara yA sthala para ghaTita hotI haiM use kalyANaka-bhUmi kahA jAtA hai| hama tIrthaMkaroM kI ina kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kA eka saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnatAlikA meM prastuta kara rahe haiM--- uttarAvahe dhammacakka, mahura e devaNi mmiya thUbho kosalAe vA jiyaMtapaDimA, titthaka rANa vA jmmbhuumiio| --nizIthacI. bhAga 3. 179

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tIrthakara kA nAma janma nirvANa kalyANaka dIkSA ayodhyA . cyavana ayodhyA RSabha ayodhyA aSTApada kaivalya purimatAla (prayAga?) ayodhyA (kailAza) sammedazikhara " ajita sambhava zrAvastI zrAvastI bhA sahetuka (ayodhyA) ayodhyA ayodhyA ayodhyA ayodhyA abhinandana sumati padmaprabha ( 14 : supAva candrapura kauzAmbI vArANasI candrapura kAkandI bhadrila siMhapura campA candraprabha puSpadanta zItala zreyAMsa vAsupUjya kauzAmbI kauzAmbI kauzAmbI vArANasI vArANasI vArANasI candrapura candrapura kAkandI kAkandI kAkandI bhadila bhadrila bhadrila siMhapura siMhapura siMhapura campA . campA campA campA

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dharma ratnapura " vimala kAmpilya kAmpilya kAmpilya kAmpilya sammedazikhara ananta ayodhyA ayodhyA ayodhyA ayodhyA ratnapura . ratnapura ratnapura zAnti hastinApura hastinApura hastinApura hastinApura kunthu ara malli mithilA mithilA mithilA mithilA munisuvrata . rAjagRha rAjagRha rAjagRha rAjagRha nami mithilA mithilA mithilA mithilA zaurIpura zaurIpura urjayanta urjayanta urjayanta pArzva vArANasI vArANasI . vArANasI vArANasI sammedazikhara varddhamAna kSatriyakuNDa kSatriyakuNDa kSatriyakuNDa RjuvAlikA pAvA tIrthaGkaroM ke kula kalyANakakSetra nimnalikhita haiM-ayodhyA, purimatAla, aSTApada, sammedazikhara, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, candrapurI, kAkandI, bhaddilapura, siMhapura, campA, kAmpilya, ratnapura, hastinApura, mithilA, rAjagRha, zaurIpura, urjayanta, kSatriyakuMDa, RjuvAlikA aura paavaa| ( 15 ) nemi

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( 16 ) 2. nirvANakSetra nirvANakSetra ko sAmAnyatayA siddhakSetra bhI kahA jAtA hai / jisa sthala se kisI muni ko nirvANa prApta hotA hai, vaha sthala siddhakSetra yA nirvANasthala ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / sAmAnya mAnyatA to yaha hai ki isa bhUmaNDala para aisI koI bhI jagaha nahIM hai jahA~ se koI na koI muni siddhi ko prApta na huA ho / ataH vyAvahArika dRSTi se to samasta bhUmaNDala hI siddhakSetra yA nirvANakSetra hai / phira bhI sAmAnyatayA jahA~ se aneka suprasiddha muniyoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA ho, use nirvANa kSetra kahA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM zatru jaya, pAvAgiri, tuMgIgiri siddhavarakUTa, cUlagiri rezandagiri, sonAgiri Adi siddhakSetra mAne jAte haiM / siddhakSetroM kI viziSTa mAnyatA to digambara paramparA meM pracalita hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI zatru jayatIrthaM siddhakSetra hI hai / 3. atizaya kSetra ve sthala, jo na to kisI tIrthaGkara kI kalyANaka bhUmi haiM, na kisI muni kI sAdhanA yA nirvANa-bhUmi haiM kintu jahA~ kI jina-mUrtiyA~ camatkArI haiM athavA jahA~ ke mandira bhavya haiM, ve atizaya kSetra kahe jAte haiM / Aja jaina paramparA meM adhikAMza tIrtha atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM hI mAne jAte haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AbU, rANakapura, jaisalamera, zravaNabelagolA Adi isI rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / hameM smaraNa rakhanAcAhie ki jainoM ke kucha tIrtha na kevala tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke camatkArika hone ke kAraNa, apitu usa tIrtha ke adhiSThAyaka devoM kI camatkAritA ke kAraNa bhI prasiddha haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nAkor3A aura mahur3I kI prasiddhi una tIrthoM ke adhiSThAyaka devoM ke kAraNa hI huI hai| isI prakAra hummaca kI prasiddhi pArzva kI yakSI - padmAvato kI mUrti ke camatkArika hone ke AdhAra para hI hai / ina tIna prakAra ke tIrthoM ke atirikta kucha tIrtha aise bhI haiM jo isa kalpanA para AdhArita haiM ki yahA~ para kisI samaya tIrthaGkara kA pardApaNa huA thA yA unakI dharmasabhA (samavasaraNa, huI thii| isake sAthasAtha Aja kucha jaina AcAryoM ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM para gurumaMdiroM kA nirmANa kara unheM bhI tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai /

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(90) tIrtha yAtrA - jaina paramparA meM tIrthayAtrAoM kA pracalana kaba se huA, yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai, kyoMki cUrNIsAhitya ke pUrva AgamoM meM tIrtha sthaloM kI yAtrA karane kA spaSTa ullekha kahI nahIM milatA hai / sarvaprathama nizIthacUrNI meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karatA huA jIva darzana-vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai / " isI prakAra vyavahArabhASya aura vyavahAra cUrNI meM yaha ullekha hai ki jo muni aSTamI aura caturdazI ko apane nagara ke samasta caityoM aura upAzrayoM meM Thahare hue muniyoM ko vandana nahIM karatA hai to vaha mAsalaghu prAyazcitta kA doSI hotA hai| tIrthayAtrA kA ullekha mahAnizIthasUtra meM bhI milatA hai / isa grantha kA racanA kAla vivAdAspada hai / haribhadra evaM jinadAsagaNa dvArA isake uddhAra kI kathA to svayaM grantha meM hI varNita hai / nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI sUcI meM mahAnizItha kA ullekha anupalabdha hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isakA racanA kAla chaThIM se AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya hI hogA / isa AdhAra para bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha yAtrAoM ko isI kAlAvadhi meM vizeSa mahattva prApta huA hogA / mahAnizItha meM ullekha hai ki "he bhagavan ! yadi Apa AjJA deM to hama candraprabha svAmI ko vandana kara aura dharmacakra kI tIrthayAtrA kara vApasa AyeM / 3 1. 2. 3. , nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24 nissakaDamanissakaDe ceie savvahiM thuI tinni / velaMba yeiANi va nAuM ravikakkika Avavi,' 'aTTamIcaudasI suceiya savvANi sAhUNo savve vandeyavvA niyamA abasesa - tihIsu jahasati // ' eesa amImAdIsu ceiyAI sAhuNo vA je aNaNAe basahIe ThijAne na vaMdati mAsa lahu || vyavahAracUrNI - uddhRta jainatIrthono, itihAsa bhUmikA, pR0 10 jahannamA goyamA te sAhuNo taM AyariyaM bhAMti jahA-NaM jai bhayavaM tume ANAvehi tANaM amhehi titthayattaM kari (2) yA caMdappahasAmiyaM vaMdi ( 3 ) yA dhammacakka saMnUNamAgacchAmo // - mahAnizItha, uddhRta, vahI, pR0 10

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(96) jina yAtrA ke sandarbha meM haribhadra ke paMcAzaka meM viziSTa vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / haribhadra ne naveM paMcAzaka meM jina - yAtrA ke vidhi vidhAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai kintu grantha ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki vastutaH yaha vivaraNa dUrastha tIrthoM meM jAkara yAtrA karanekI apekSA apane nagara meM hI jina pratimA kI zobhA - pAtrA se sambandhita hai / isameM yAtrA ke kartavyoM evaM uddezyoM kA nirdeza hai usake anusAra jinayAtrA meM jinadharma kI prabhAvanA ke hetu yathAzakti dAna, tapa, zarIra-saMskAra ucita gIta vAditra, stuti Adi karanA cAhie / " tIrtha yAtrAoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo chaha - rI pAlaka saMgha yAtrA kI jo pravRtti pracalita hai, usake pUrva bIja bhI haribhadra ke isa vivaraNa meM dikhAI dete haiM / Aja bhI tIrthayAtrA meM ina chaha bAtoM kA pAlana acchA mAnA jAtA hai / 1. dina meM ekabAra bhojana karanA ( ekAhArI) 2. bhUmizayana (bhU-AdhArI ) 3. paidala calanA ( pAdacArI) 4 zuddha zraddhA rakhanA ( zraddhAdhArI) 5 sarvasacitta kA tyAga (sacitta parihArI ) 6. brahmacarya kA pAlana ( brahmacArI) tIrthoM ke mahattva evaM yAtrAoM sambandhI vivaraNa hameM mukhya rUpa se paravartI kAla ke granthoM meM hI milate haiM / sarvaprathama 'sArAvalI' nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zatru jaya 'puNDarIka tIrtha' kI utpatti kathA usakA mahattva evaM usakI yAtrA tathA vahAM kiye gaye tapa, pUjA, dAna Adi ke phala vizeSa rUpa se ullikhita haiM / 2. 1. zrI paMcAzaka prakaraNam - haribhadrasUri jinayAtrA paMcAzaka pR0248-63 abhayadeva sUri kI TIkA sahita prakAzaka - RSabhadeva kezarImala zve, saMsthA, ratalAma ) paiNNayasuttAi - sArAvalI paiNNayaM pR0 350-60 sampAdaka nipuNyavijayajI, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra vidyAlaya bambaI 400 036

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( 19 ) isake atirikta vividhatIrtha kalpa (13vIM zatI) aura tIrtha mAlAyeM bhI jo ki 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI se lekara paravartI kAla meM paryApta rUpa se racI gayIM; tIrthoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI haiN| jaina sAhitya meM tIrthayAtrA saMghoM ke nikAle jAne sambandhI vivaraNa bhI 13vIM zatI ke pazcAt racita aneka tIrthamAlAoM evaM abhilekhoM meM yatra-tatra mila jAte haiM, jinakI carcA Age kI gayI hai| tIrthayAtrA kA uddezya na kevala dharma sAdhanA hai, balki isakA vyAvahArika uddezya bhI hai, jisakA saMketa nizIthacUrNI meM milatA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo eka grAma kA nivAsI ho jAtA hai aura anya grAma nagaroM ko nahIM dekhatA vaha kUpamaMDUka hotA hai| isake viparIta jo bhramaNazIla hotA hai vaha aneka prakAra ke grAma-nagara, ma niveza, janapada, rAjadhAnI Adi meM vicaraNa kara vyavahAra-kuzala ho jAtA hai tathA nadI, guhA, tAlAba, parvata Adi ko dekhakara cakSu sukha ko bhI prApta karatA hai| sAtha hI tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANakabhamiyoM ko dekhakara darzana vizuddhi bhI prApta karatA hai| punaH anya sAdhuoM ke samAgama kA bhI lAbha letA hai aura unake samAcArI se bhI paricita ho jAtA hai| paraspara dAnAdi dvArA vividha prakAra ke ghRta, dadhi, gur3a, kSIra Adi nAnA vyaMjanoM kA rasa bhI le letA hai| nizIthacarNI ke upayukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcArya tIrthayAtrA kI AdhyAtmika mUlyavattA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA bhI svIkArate the| 1 ahAva-tassa bhAvaM NAUNa bhaNejjA-so vattha vvo egagAmaNivAsI ka va maDukko iva Na gAmaNa garAdI pecchati / amhe puNa aNi yatavAsI, tumaM pi amhehiM samANaM hiMDato NANAvidha gAmaNagarAgara sannivesarAmahANi jANa vade ya pecchaMto abhidhANakusalo bhavissa si, tahA sara. vAdhi-vappiNi-Na di-kUva-taDAga-kANaNujANa kaMdara-dari-kuhara-pavvata ya NANAviha-rukkhasobhie pecchaMto cavakhusuhaM pAvihisi, tittha karANa ya tilogaiyANa jammaNa-NikkhaNa-vihAra--- kevaluppAda-nivvANabhUmII ya pecchaMto daMsaNa suddhi kAhisi' tahA aNNogNa sAhasamAgameNa ya sAmAyArikusalo bhavissa si, savvApuvve ya ceie vadaMto bohilAbhaM nijitahisi, aNNoNNa suya-dANAbhigamasaDDhe su saMjamAviruddhaM vividha-vaMjaNokveyana NyaM ghaya-gula-dadhi-kSIramAdiyaM ca vigativaribhogaM pAvihisi' / / 2716 / -nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24, prakAzaka-sanmatijJAnapITha, AgarA

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( 20 ) tIrthaviSayaka zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya meM kucha kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke ullekha samavAyAMga, jJAtA aura payUSaNAkalpa meM haiN| kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta anya tIrthakSetroM ke jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM unameM zvetA. mbara paramparA ne sabase pahale mahAnizItha aura nizIthacUrNI meM hameM mathurA, uttarApatha aura campA ke ullekha milate haiM / nizIthacUrNi, vyavahAra bhASya, vyavahAraNi AdimeM bhI nAmollekha ke atirikta ina tIrthoM ke sandarbha meM vizeSa koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI; mAtra yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mayurA stUgoM ke lie, uttarApatha dharmacakra ke liye aura campA jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ke lie prasiddha the / tIrtha sambandhI viziSTa sAhitya meM tityogAliya prakIrNaka, sArAvalI prakIrNaka ke nAma mahattvapUrNa mAne jA sakate haiM kintu titthogAliya prakIrNaka meM tIrtha-- sthaloM kA vivaraNa na hokara ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa. caturvidha tIrtha kI vibhinna kAloM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM dvArA jo sthApanA kI gaI, usake ullekha milate haiM, usameM jainasaMgharUpI tIrtha ke bhUta aura bhaviSya ke sambandha meM kucha sUcanAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| usameM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda AgamoM kA viccheda kisa prakAra se hogA? kauna-kauna pramukha AcArya aura rAjA Adi hoMge, isake ullekha haiN| isa prakIrNaka meM zvetAmbara paramparA ko amAnya aise Agama Adi ke uccheda ke ullekha bhI haiM / yaha prakIrNaka mukhyataH mahArASTrI prAkRta meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu isa para zaurasenI kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai / isakA racanAkAla nizcita karanA to kaThina hai, phira bhI yaha lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA honA cAhie, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| tIrtha sambandhI vistRta vivaraNa kI dRSTi se Agamika aura prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM 'sArAvalI' ko mukhya mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM mukhyarUpa se zatrujaya aparanAma puNDarIka tIrtha kI utpatti-kathA dI gaI hai| isa prakIrNaka meM zatrujaya tIrtha kA nirmANa kaise haA aura usakA pUNDarIka nAma kaise par3A? ye do bAteM mukhya rUpa se vivecita haiM aura isa sambandha meM kathA bhI dI gaI hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha lagabhaga 116 gAthAoM meM pUrNa huA hai| yadyapi yaha graMtha prAkRta bhASA meM likhA tional

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( 21) gayA hai, kintu bhASA para apabhraMza ke prabhAva ko dekhate hue ise paravartI hI mAnA jaayegaa| isakA kAla dasavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hogaa| isa prakIrNaka meM isa tIrtha para dAna, tapa, sAdhanA Adi ke vizeSa. phala kI carcA huI hai| grantha ke anusAra puNDarIka tIrtha kI mahimA aura kathA atimukta nAmaka RSi ne nArada ko sunAyI, jise sunakara usane dIkSita hokara kevala jJAna aura siddhi ko prApta kiyaa| kathAnusAra RSabhadeva ke pautra puNDarIka ke nirvANa ke kAraNa yaha tIrtha puNDa rIka giri ke nAma se pracalita huaa| isa tIrtha para nami, vinami Adi do karor3a kevalI siddha hue haiN| rAma, bharata Adi tathA paMcapANDavoM evaM pradyumna, zAmba bhAdi kRSNa ke putroM ke isI parvata se siddha hone kI kathA bhI pracalita hai| isa prakAra yaha prakIrNaka pazcima bhArata ke sarvavizruta jaina tIrtha kI mahimA kA varNana karane vAlA prathama grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM isake atirikta anya koI tIrtha sambandhI svatantra racanA hamArI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai| . isake pazcAt tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya meM prAcInatama jo racanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha bappabhaTTisUri kI paramparA ke yazodevasUri ke gaccha ke siddhasenasUri kA sakalatIrthastotra hai| yaha racanA I0 san 1067 arthAt gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI hai| isa racanA meM sammeta zikhara, zatruJjaya, urjayanta, arbuda, cittaur3a, jAlapura ( jAlora ) raNathambhaura, gopAlagiri ( gvAliyara ) mathurA, rAjagRha, campA, pAvA, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, bhaddilapura, zaurIpura, aMgaiyA ( aMgadikA), kannauja, zrAvastI, vArANasI, rAjapura, kuNDanI, gajapura, tala. vAr3a, devarAu, khaMDila, DiNDUvAna (DiNDavAnA), narAna, harSapura (SaTTaudese). nAgapura (nAgaura-sAmbharadeza), pallI, saNDera, nANaka, koraNTa, 'bhinnamAla, (gurjara deza), Ahar3a (mevAr3a deza)upakesanagara (kirADaue) jayapura (marudeza) satyapura (sAcaura), guhuyarAya, pazcima vallI, thArAprada, vAyaNa, jalihara, nagara, kher3a, moDhera, anahillavAr3a (caDDhAvalli), stambhanapura, kayaMvAsa, bharukaccha (saurASTra),kuMkana, kalikuNDa, mAnakher3a, dakSiNa bhArata) dhArA, ujjainI (mAlavA) Adi tIrthoM kA ullekha hai|

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( 22 ) sambhavataH samagra jaina tIrthoM kA nAmollekha karane vAlI upalabdha racanAoM meM yaha prAcInatama racanA hai|' yadyapi isameM dakSiNa ke una digambara jaina tIrthoM ke ullekha nahIM hai| jo ki isa kAla meM astitvavAn the / isa racanA ke pazcAt hamAre sAmane tIrtha sambandhI vivaraNa dene vAlI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa evaM vistRta racanA vividhatIrthakalpa hai, isa grantha meM dakSiNa ke kucha digambara tIrthoM ko chor3akara pUrva, uttara, pazcima aura madhya bhArata ke lagabhaga sabhI tIrthoM kA vistata evaM vyApaka varNana upalabdha hotA hai, yaha I0san 1332 kI racanA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA kI tIrtha sambandhI racanAoM meM isakA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM jo varNana upalabdha hai, usase aisA lagatA hai ki adhikAMza tIrthasthaloM kA ullekha kavi ne svayaM dekhakara kiyA hai / yaha kRti apabhraMza mizrita prAkRta aura saMskRta meM nirmita hai| isameM jina tIrthoM kA ullekha hai ve nimna haiM-zatrujaya, raivataka giri,stambhanakatIrtha, ahicchatrA, arbuda (Aba), azvAvabodha (bhar3auca), vaibhAragiri (rAjagiri), kauzAmbI, ayodhyA, ApApA (pAvA , kalikuNDa, hastinApura, satyapura (sAcaura), aSTApada ( kailAza ), mithilA, ratnavAhapura, pratiSThAnapatana, (paiThana ), kAmpilya, aNahilapura pATana, zaM vapura, nAsikyapura ( nAsika ), harikaMkhInagara, avaMtidezastha abhi. nandanadeva, campA, pATaliputra, zrAvastI, vArANasI, koTizilA, kokAvasati, dipurI, hastinApura, aMtarikSapArzvanAtha, phalavaddhipArzvanAtha (phalaudhI), AmarakuNDa (hanamakoNDa-AMdhrapradeza) Adi / 1. sammeyasela-setuJja-ujjite abbuyaMmi citta uDe / jAla ure raNathaMbhe gopAlagirimi vaMdAmi / / 19 // siripAsanAhasahiyaM rammaM sirinimmayaM mahAthUbhaM / kalikAle vi sumitthaM maharAnayarIu (e) naMdAmi // 20 // rAyagiha-campa-pAvA-aujjha-kaMpillaTThaNapuresu / bhaddila yuri-torIyapuri-aGgaiyA-kannaujjesu / / 21 / / sAvatthi-duggamAisu vANArasIpamuhapuvvadesaMmi / / kammaga-sirohamA isu bhayANa desaMmi naMdAmi // 22 / / rAja ura-kuNDaNIsu ya baMda gajja ura paMca ya syaaii| talavADa devarAu ruuttademi baMdAmi // 23 / /

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( 23 ) ina graMthoM ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM aneka tIrthamAlAyeM evaM caityaparipATiyA~ likhI gaIM jo ki tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa aMga haiM | ye adhikAMzataH paravartI apabhraMza evaM prAcIna maru-gurjara meM likhI gaI haiM / ina tIrtha mAlAoM aura caityaparipATiyoM kI saMkhyA zatAdhika hai aura ye gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara satrahavIM - aThAravIM zatAbdI taka nirmita hotI rahI haiM / ina tIrthamAlAoM tathA caityaparipATiyoM meM kucha to aisI haiM jo kisI tIrtha viziSTa se hI sambandhita haiM aura kucha aisI haiM jo sabhI tIrthoM kA ullekha karatI haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se ina caitya paripATiyoM kA apanA mahattva hai, kyoMki ye apane - apane kAla meM jaina tIrthoM kI sthiti kA samyag vivaraNa prastuta kara detI haiM / ina caityaparipATiyoM meM na kevala tIrthakSetroM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai, apitu vahA~ kisa-kisa mandira meM kitanI pASANa aura dhAtu kI jina pratimAe~ khaMDila - DiDUANaya narANa harasaura khaTTaUdese / nAgaramuvviti saMbharidesaMmi vaMdemi // 24 // pallI saMDeraya-nANaesu koriTa-bhinnamAllelesu / vaMde gujjaradese AhADAIsu mevADe || 25 | una esa-kirADahe vi jayapurAIsu marumi vaMdAmi / saccaura guDDu rAyasu pacchimadesaMmi vaMdAmi // 26 // thArA uddaya-vAyaDa - jAlIhara-nagara-kheDa- moDhare / aNahilavADanayare vaDDAvallIyaM baMbhANe ||27|| niyakalikAlamahiyaM sAyasataM sayalavA ithaM bhaNae / thaMbhaNapure kathavAsaM pAsaM vaMdAmi bhattIe // 28 // kacche bharuyacchaMmi ya soraTTha- marahaTTha-ku kaNa- thalIsu / kalikuNDa-mANakheDe dakSi ( kkhi ) NadesaMmi vaMdAmi // 29 // dhArA- ujjeNIsu ya mAlavadesaMmi vaMdAmi / vaMdAmi maNuyavihiai jiNabhavaNe savtra desesu ||30|| bhara (mi) maNuyavihiyA mahiyA mohArimahiya mAhappA | sirisiddha seNasUrIhi saMyA sivasuhaM detu ||32|| -Discriptive Catalogue of Mss in the Jaina Bhandars at Pattan-G.O.S. 73, Baroda 1937 p. 56

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( 24 ) rakhI gayI haiM, isakA bhI vivaraNa upalabdha ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kaTukamati lAdhAzAha dvArA viracita sUratacaityaparipATI meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa nagara ke gopIpurA kSetra meM kula 75jinamaMdira, 5vizAla jina maMdira tathA 1325 jinabimba the| sampUrNa sUrata nagara meM 10 vizAla jinamadira, 235 derAsara (gRhacaitya) 3garbhagRha, 3978 jina pratimAe~ thiiN| isake atirikta siddhacakra kamalacaumukha, paMcatIrthI, caubIsI Adi ko milAne para 10041 jinapratimAeM usa nagara meM thIM, aisA ullekha hai| yaha vivaraNa 1793 kA hai| isa para se hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki ina racanAoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana kI dRSTi se kitanA mahattva hai| sampUrNa caityaparipATiyoM athavA tIrthamAlAoM kA ullekha apane Apa meM eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| ataH hama una sabakI carcA na karake mAtra unakI eka saMkSipta sUcI prastutakara rahe haiMracanA racanAkAra racanA tithi sakalatIrthastotra siddhasenasUri vi0saM0 1123 aSTottarItIrthamAlA mahendrasUri vi0saM0 1241 kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa jinaprabhasUri vi0saM0 1389 tIrthayAtrAstavana vinayaprabha upAdhyAya vi0saM0 14 vIM zatI aSTottarItIrthamAlA muniprabhasUri vi0saM0 15 vIM zatI tIrthamAlA medhakRta vi0saM0 16 vIM zatI pUrvadezIyacatyaparipATI haMsasoma vi0saM0 1565 sammetazikhara tIrthamAlA vijayasAgara vi0saM0 1717 zrI pArzvanAtha nAmamAlA meghavijaya upAdhyAya vi0saM0 1721 tIrthamAlA zIlavijaya vi0saM0 1748 tIrthamAlA saubhAgya vijaya vi0saM0 1750 zatruJjayatIrthaparipATI devacandra vi0saM0 1769 sUratacaityaparipATI ghAlAsAha vi0saM0 1793 tIrthamAlA jJAnavimalasUri vi0saM0 1795 sammetazikharatIrthamAlA jayavijaya giranAra tIrtha ratnasiMhasUriziSya caityaparipATI munimahimA -

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( 25 ) pArzvanAtha caityaparipATI / kalyANasAgara zAsvatatIrthamAlA vAcanAcArya merukIrti jaisalame racaityaparipATI jinasukhasUri zatrujayacaityaparipATI zatru jayatIrthayAtrArAsa vinIta kuzala AdinAtha rAsa kavilAvaNyasamaya pArzvanAthasaMkhyAstavana ratnakuzala kAvItIrthavarNana kavidIpa vijaya vi0saM 1886 tIrtharAjacaityaparipATIstabana sAdhucandrasUri pUrvadeza vaityaparipATI jinavardhanasUri maMDAMcalacaityaparipATI khemarAja ___yaha sUcI 'prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha' sampAdaka - vijayadharmasUrijI ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai| digambara paramparA kA tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya digambara paramparA meM prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra haiN| kintu inameM tIrtha zabda kA tAtparya dharmatIrtha yA caturvidhasaMgha rUpI tIrtha se hI hai| digambara paramparA meM tIrthakSetroM kA varNana karane vAle granthoM meM tiloyapaNNattI ko prAcInatama mAnA jA sakatA hai| tiloyapaNNattI meM mukhya rUpa se tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| kintu isake atirikta usameM kSetramaMgala kI carcA karate hue pAvA, urjayaMta aura campA ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra tiloyapaNNattI meM rAjagaha kA paMcazelanagara ke rUpa meM ullekha haA hai aura usameM pAMcoM zailoM kA yathArtha aura vistRta vivecana bhI hai| samantabhadra ne svayambhUstotra meM urjayaMta kA vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM isake pazcAt tIrthoM kA vivecana karane vAle granthoM ke rUpa meM dazabhaktipATha prasiddha haiN| inameM saMskRtanirvANabhakti aura prAkRtanirvANa kANDa mahattvapUrNa haiN| sAmAnyatayA saMskRtanirvANabhakti ke karmA pUjyapAda" aura prAkRtabhaktiyoM ke kartA "kuMdakuMda" ko mAnA 1. tiloparaNali 1 / 21-24

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( 26 ) jAtA hai / paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne ina nirvANabhaktiyoM ke sambandha meM itanA hI kahA hai ki jaba taka ina donoM racanAoM ke racayitA kA nAma mAlUma na ho taba taka itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye nizcaya hI AzAdhara se pahale kI (aba se lagabhaga 700 varSa pahale kI haiN|' prAkRta bhakti meM narmadA nadI ke taTa para sthita siddhavarakUTa, bar3avAnI nagara ke dakSiNa bhAga meM cUlagiri tathA pAvAgiri Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu ye sabhI tIrthakSetra purAtAttvika dRSTi se navIM-dasavIM ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote| isalie ina bhaktiyoM kA racanAkAla aura inheM jina AcAryoM se sambandhita kiyA jAtA hai vaha saMdigdha bana jAtA hai| nirvANakANDa meM aSTApada, campA, urjayaMta, pAvA, sammedagiri, gajapaMtha, tArApura, pAvAgiri, zatruJjaya, tuMgIgiri, savana giri, siddhavarakUTa, culagiri, var3avAnI, pAvAgiri, droNagiri, mer3hagiri, kuMthugiri, koTazilA, risiMdagiri, nAgadraha maMgalapura, AzAramya, podanapura, hastinApura. vArANasI, mathurA, ahichatrA, jambavana, argaladeza, NivaDakuMDalI, sirapura holagiri, gommaTadeva Adi tIrthoM ke ullekha haiN| isa nirmANabhakti meM Aye hue calagiri, pAvAgiri, gommaTadeva, sirapura Adi ke ullekha aise haiM, jo isa kRti ko paryApta paravartI siddha kara dete haiM / gomamTadeva ( zravaNabelagolA ) kI bAhubalI kI mUrti kA nirmANa I0 sa0 983 meM huaa| ataH yaha kRti usake pUrva kI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI aura isake kartA bhI kuMdakuMda nahIM mAne jA sakate / pA~cavIM se dazavIM zatAbdI ke bIca hue anya digambara AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM meM kuMdakuMda ke pazcAt pUjyapAda kA krama AtA hai / pUjyapAda ne nirvANabhakti meM nimna sthaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai kuNDapura, jambhikAgrAma, vaibhAraparvata, pAvAnagara, kailAzaparvata, urjayaMta, pAvApura, sammedaparvata, zatruJjayaparvata, droNImata, sahyAcala aadi| - raviSeNa ne 'padmacarita" meM nimna tIrthasthaloM kI carcA kI haikailAza parvata, sammedaparvata, vaMzagiri, megharava, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, ratnapura zrAvastI, campA, kAkandI, kauzAmbI, candrapurI, bhadrikA, mithilA, vArANasI, siMhapura, hastinApura, rAjagRha, nirvANa giri Adi /

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" tIrthavandanA " ( 27 ) digambara paramparA ke tIrtha sambandhI zeSa pramukha tIrthavandanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hairacanA racanAkAra samaya zAsanacatustrizikA madanakIrti 12vIM-13vIM zatI nirvANakANDa tIrthavandanA jIrAvalA pArzvanAthastavana udayakIrti pArzvanAthastotra padmanaMdi 14vIM zatI mANikyasvAmIvinati zrutasAgara 15vIM zatI mAMgItuMgIgIta abhayacanda tIrthavandanA guNa kIrti megharAja 16vIM zatI jambUdvIpajayamAlA,tIrthajayamAlA sumatisAgara jambUsvAmicarita rAjamalla sarvatIrtha vandanA jJAnasAgara 16vIM-17vIM zatI zrIpurapAzrvanAthavinatI lakSmaNa 17vIM zatI puSpAMjalijayamAlA somasena tIrthajayamAlA jayasAgara tIrthavandanA cimaNA paMDita jinasena sarvatrailokyajinAlaya jayamAlA vizvabhUSaNa 17vIM zatI balibhadra aSTaka merucandra balibhadra aSTaka gaMgAdAsa muktAgiri jayamAlA dhanajI rAmaTeka chaMda makaraMda 17vIM-18vIM zatI padmAvatI stotra topakari 18vIM zatI SaTatIrtha vandanA devendrakIti jinasAgara muktAgiri AratI rAghava 18vIM-19vIM zatI akRtrima caityAlayajayamAlA paM0dilasukha 19vIM zatrI pAzrvanAtha jayamAlA brahma harSa tIrthavandanA kavIndrasevaka

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( 28 ) noTa :-ukta tAlikA DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA saMpAdita tIrthavandanasaMgraha ke AdhAra para prastuta kI gayI hai| Adhunika kAla ke jaina tIrtha-viSayaka grantha 1-jaina tIrthoMno itihApta (gujarAtI) muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI -zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1949 I0 2 -jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha bhAga-1, (khaNDa 1-2), bhAga-2 paM0 ambAlAla pI0 zAha, AnandajI kalyANajI kI per3hI, jhaverIvAr3a, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita . 3--bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha-DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI-5 4-bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, 1,2,3,4,5, (sacitra) -zrI balabhadra jaina bhAratavarSIya digazbara jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI bambaI 5-tIrthadarzana, bhAga 1 evaM 2 prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina kalyANa saMgha, madrAsa 600007 isake atirikta pRthaka pRthak tIrthoM para bhI kaI mahattvapUrNa grantha bhI upalabdha haiN| pro0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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jaina saMskRti aura zramaNa paramparA - DA0 zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva bhArata meM jaina dharma zramaNa paraMparA kA eka prabhAvazAlI aMga rahA hai, yaha tathya aba samucita mAnyatA prApta kara cukA hai| yaha bhI sabhI dRSTiyoM se svIkRta ho cukA hai ki jaina dharma kA AraMbha aura astitva svataMtra hai aura vaha bauddha dharma kI zAkhA nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya aura paraMparA ke niraMtara aura gambhIra adhyayana se yaha mAnyatA aura bhI adhika puSTa huI hai|| tathApi, ina tathyoM kI adhikatama samIkSA Avazyaka hai ki jaina dharma kA prAcIna sAdhu-varga arthAt bhramaNazIla saMpradAya se vastutaH kyA saMbaMdha thA aura prAcIna bhArata kI maulika zramaNa paraMparA ke prati jaina dharma vAstava meM samarpita rahA bhI hai yA nahIM ? kAraNa yaha hai ki bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma ke atirikta bhramaNazIla sAdhuoM ke anya vargoM kA vaidika sAhitya meM ullekha milatA hai, jinakI prAcInatA jaina aura bauddha matoM ke graMthoM se bhI adhika hai| aitihAsika pariveza kI dRSTi se, hameM usa dRSTikoNa ko gaMbhIratA se lenA Avazyaka nahIM hai, jo jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke saMdarbha meM paraMparAvAdiyoM dvArA vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| eka dRSTi se vaha vizvAsa ke pare hai / zubriga kA kathana saTIka hai ki pArzvanAtha se pUrva kA saMpUrNa vRtAMta anuzruti kI dhundha meM samAhita ho gayA lagatA hai| paraMparAvAdI daSTikoNa se prathama tIrthaGkara kA jo samaya mAnA jAtA hai vaha vAstavika aMkoM meM likhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| tathApi, teIsaveM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkaroM kI aitihAsikatA kramazaH AThavIM zatI I0 pU0 aura chaThI zatI I0 pU0 meM nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai / isa yuga kA bhArata ke dhArmika aura sAmAjika itihAsa meM vyApaka mahattva hai, kyoMki yaha aisI kAlAvadhi hai jisameM bauddhika UhApoha kA RSabhadeba pratiSThAna dvArA Ayojita 'bhAratIya sAhitya meM zramaNa paramparA' nAmaka saMgoSThI meM paThita lekha /

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( 30 ) udaya huA evaM jisane bhArata ke dhArmika aura sAmAjika kSetroM meM susthApita paraMparAoM kI AdhAra-zilAoM ko hI hilAkara rakha diyaa| yaha vahI yuga hai jaba vaidika dharma ke susthApita dRSTikoNoM aura karmakAMDoM kA upaniSadoM ke mAdhyama se vizleSaNa kA sAhasa dikhAyA gyaa| sAtha hI, yaha vahI yuga hai jaba zramaNoM ne apane Apako kadAcit isa prakAra saMgha-baddha kiyA ki usase bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma kA udaya huaa| tathApi, aneka vidvAnoM ke anusAra, yaha mAnanA hI hogA ki zramaNa dharma kI pUrvAvadhi isa yuga se bahuta adhika prAcIna yuga meM pAyI jA sakatI hai, jisameM bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma ke rUpa meM saMgha-baddha zramaNa paraMparA puSpita aura pallavita huii| prastuta vicAra-vimarza ke viSaya hoMge-zramaNa paraMparA kI prAcInatA, usakI vizeSatAoM kI paribhASA, aura jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM tathA karmakAMDoM kA isa dRSTi se vizleSaNa / jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki zatAbdiyoM se vikasita hotI-hotI Aja ke pracalita rUpa meM jaina saMskRti prAcIna zramaNa paraMparA ke prati samarpita rahI bhI hai yA nhiiN| jaisA ki spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, bhArata meM aise bhramaNazIla sAdhuoM kI prAcIna paraMparA rahI hai jo niHspRha, aparigrahI aura brahmacArI hote the| isa jIvana paddhati kA anusaraNa karane vAle sAdhuoM ke vaidika sAhitya meM vibhinna prakAra se ullekha hue haiN| kucha vidvAn to yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki yoga saMpradAya siMdhughATI kI sabhyatA ke samaya meM bhI thA, unakI mAnyatA kA AdhAra hai vaha mudrA jisapara pazupati yA mahAyogI ke rUpa meM ziva kA mUrtyaGkana hai, ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki ukta zramaNa yA zramaNa mArga yA yoga-saMsthA AryoM se bhI pUrva kI ho sakatI hai| tathApi, yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki Rgveda (10.135.2) meM muniyoM ke spaSTa ullekha haiM jinameM se eka hai : 'munayo vAta-razanAH piSaGgA vasate mlaa"| isa uddharaNa ke saMdarbha meM, do biMduoM para dhyAna diyA jAeprathama yaha ki ve vAta-razanaH' the arthAt vAyu unakI mekhalA thI jisakA spaSTa artha huA ki ve nagna the| isa saMdarbha meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki 'vAta-razanA' zabda ke prastuta artha para sAyaNa Adi vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| kAraNa, kahA jAtA hai ki ye muni pIle aura malina vastra pahanate the| isa bindu para adhika samaya na dekara hameM itanA hI kahanA

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(31) hai ki Rgveda ke samaya meM bhI eka aisA saMpradAya thA jo sAMsArika uddezyoM aura AkAMkSAoM se niHspRha jIvana vyatIta karatA thA aura vaidika samAja ke paricAyaka pAraMparika kriyAkAMDa kA anukaraNa nahIM karatA thaa| kItha kA kathana tarkasaMgata hai --- 'vaidika kAla meM muni-varga ko purohita-varga mAnyatA nahIM detA thA, purohita-varga kriyAkAMDa kA anusaraNa karatA thA aura usake vicAra mani-varga ke AdarzoM se nitAMta bhinna the, jo saMtAna aura dakSiNA Adi sAMsArika AkAMkSAoM se pare the|" zramaNa' zabda se aise jIvana kA saMketa milatA hai jo suvidhAbhogI nahIM, pratyuta 'zrama' se anuprANita hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zramaNa ve loga the jinake jIvana meM parivrajana, tapazcaraNa aura sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati virakti hotI thii| sabhI vargoM aura matoM ke antargata bhAratIya sAdha-mArga meM janma-maraNa kI anaMta zRGkhalA se mukti kA uddezya sadA sarvopari rahA hai| sasArika jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko bhI sAdhu-mArga bAdhaka mAnatA hai| ataeva zramaNoM tathA anya sabhI vargoM ke sAdhuoM kA aisI avasthA prApta karane kA prayatna rahA jisameM janma maraNa ke cakra se mukti nizcita ho| ataeva, kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra, Rgveda meM ullikhita 'vAta-razana' muni 'zramaNa paraMparA ke prAcInatama pratirUpa the, jo kAlAMtara meM vividha vaidiketara rUpa lete hue bauddha aura jaina dharmoM ke rUpa meM bhI dRSTigata hue| haradatta zarmA isase bhI Age bar3hakara likhate haiM ki AraNyaka-sAhitya kI racanA ke samaya taka jinhoMne 'zramaNa' nAma dhAraNa kara liyA ve Rgvedokta 'vAta-razana' 1. kotha, e. -'da rilIjana eNDa phi siphI oNpha di veda eNDa upaniSadsa' (bhAratIya punarmudraNa, 1976), pR0 402 2. mizra, vAI0 ke0, 'ase Tisijma ina aiMzyaMTa iNDiyA' (vaizAlI, 1987), pR0 51 draSTavya, mizra vAi0 ke0 'kanTrIbyUzansa TU di thyorI oNpha brAhmaNikala aseTesijma' (pUnA 1939) deva, esa0 bI0 'hisTrI oNpha jaina maoNnesTisijma phraoNma inskripzansa eNDa liTarecara' (pUnA, 1956),

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( 32) pariniSThita vaidika dharma ke prAcInatama paritrAjaka the, aura unake anuyAyI the vaidika RSi, jinameM se aneka gRhastha the aura sAMsArika AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke lie yajJa karake deva-deviyoM ko prasanna karate the| isase pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika yuga meM bhI prAyaH bhinna prakAra kI do svataMtra jIvana-zailiyA~ pracalita thiiN| eka vaha, jo sAMsArika upalabdhiyoM ke pracura kriyAkAMDa meM lipta thI aura dUsarI vaha jo sAMsArika upalabdhiyoM se pare kisI avaktavya ke anveSaNa meM magna thii| spaSTa hai ki dUsarI jIvana-zailI bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika mArga kI pakSadhara thI jisameM sthApita jIvana-mUlyoM kI canautI kA bhAva thA aura bahu-jana-sammata yA ziSTa-jana-sammata jIvana se sarvathA bhinna jIvana ke mAdhyama se uttaroM kI gaveSaNA kA prayAsa thA / vaidika dharma meM, adhikatara, bhautika dRSTi se samRddha jIvana abhISTa thA, jabaki zramaNa - varga kA uddezya thA- pUrNatayA AdhyAtmika upalabdhi / viMTaranitja ne ina do vicAradhArAoM ko kramazaH brAhmaNa dharma aura zramaNa dharma kI saMjJAeM dI haiN| pAraMparika vicAradhArA ke pratirodha meM mukhara svataMtra ciMtana kA sAhasa haA thA--upaniSadoM meM, jinakI racanA ke pratyakSadarzI bhI the aura svataMtra sahayogI bhI zramaNa paraMparA ke donoM pratirUpa, arthAt bauddha dharma aura jaina dhrm| kucha vidvAn caturtha Azrama, saMnyAsAzrama, aura zramaNa paraMparA kI samAnatAoM para bala dete haiM, kinda yaha samucita nahIM hai| draSTavya hai ki catuvidha jIvana-zailI meM saMnyAsAzrama eka caraNa thA, jisakA zramaNa paraMparA meM honA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| zramaNa paraMparA ke anusAra bhramaNazIla sAdhu-jIvana meM praveza ke lie Azrama-vyavasthA ke prathama tIna caraNoM meM praveza anAvazyaka thaa| yahAM taka ki vaidika 1. draSTavya, cakravartI, esa --'aseTisijma ina aiMzyaMTa iNDiyA' (kalakattA, 1973), pR0 11 2. viMTaranitja, esa0-'hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara' ( dillI, 1981) pR0 246 aura aage|

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( 33 ) sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI Azrama vyavasthA ke caturtha caraNa ke rUpa meM saMnyAsAzrama kI mAnyatA kA pUrNa vikAsa aura sthiratA dharmasUtroM ke racanAkAla meM hI pUrNa huI / chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM yA usase bhI pUrva, jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma vicAradhArA aura jIvana-zailI kI pAraMparika vaidika paddhati se udita hue aura Age bar3he - yaha tathya lAkSaNika hai / yaha lakSaNa navIna vicAradhArAoM meM bhI dRSTigata hotA hai aura vaidika upaniSadoM meM bhI pratibiMbita hotA hai / upaniSadoM meM vyakta sAhatika vicAradhArA, racanAtmaka bauddhikatA aura samIkSAtmaka utsAha kA pratiphala thI, jisameM brAhmaNa yuga ke yAMtrika, yadA-kadA krUra kriyAkAMDoM ke viruddha vidroha thA / kintu vicAroM kI svataMtratA aura jijJAsA ke bhAva eka bAra jAga uThe to supta hone kA nAma nahIM lete, ataH Azcarya nahIM ki chaThIM -sAtavIM zatI I0 pU0 meM bauddhika gatividhi kA prabala avatAra huA jisase sthApita paraMparAoM kA vidhvaMsa huA aura naye prayogoM se satya ke anusaMdhAna kA sUtrapAta huA / phalasvarUpa agaNita naye dRSTikoNoM aura vicAroM kA udaya huA jinase aneka mata aura dharma prakAza meM Aye | svataMtra vicAroM ke bAhulya ne eka ora to bauddha, jaina, zaiva, bhAgavata Adi dharmoM ko janma diyA aura dUsarI ora cArvAk Adi pUrva pracalita mAnyatAoM ko samRddha kiyA jinameM dharma ke nAma para anaitika kriyAkAMDa calane lagA thA / 1 aisI sthiti meM bhI bauddha aura jaina dharmoM ko yaha zreya diyA jAnA cAhie ki unameM bauddhika aura niSpakSa dRSTikoNa vidyamAna rahA aura AdhyAtmika svataMtratA kA pakSa liyA gayA aura jinameM jAti, dharma aura liMga ke bheda-bhAva ke binA sabakI praveza milaa| ina vicAra - dhArAoM para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa zramaNa dharmoM ne bahusaMkhyaka logoM ke, vizeSataH pUrvI bhArata meM, vicAroM ko prabhAvita kiyA / bhaTTAcArya 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya sena, e0 hai: 'skUlsa eNDa sekTsa ina jaina liTarecara', aura bhaTTAcArya, eca0 (ru0 ) - 'da kalcarala hairiTeja oNpha iNDiyA', jilda 4 ( kalakattA, 1983), pR0 38

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( 34 ) ne ucita vicAra vyakta kiye haiM' ki 'kadAcit yaha saMyogamAtra nahIM thA ki ve sabhI zAkya, licchavi aura sAtvata nAmaka svAdhIna lokataMtroM ke svataMtra vAtAvaraNa meM udina hue|' isa prakAra jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM pratibiMbita zramaNa paraMparA ne pUrvI bhArata meM vizeSataH vartamAna bihAra aura baMgAla rAjyoM meM, bar3I saMkhyA meM anuyAyI prApta kiye / ahiMsA, aparigraha, brahmacarya aura tapazcaraNa zramaNa paraMparA ke mukhya siddhAMta the aura zramaNa paraMparA ke kisI bhI dharma meM ina siddhAMtoM kI rakSA aura kriyAnviti utanI nahIM huI jitanI jaina dharma meM / jaina zramaNoM ne apane upadezoM aura AcAra se bahusaMkhyaka logoM kA Adara prApta kiyA aura kisI vizeSa avasthA, jAti yA sAdhana ke prati AtmIyatA kA parihAra kiyA / isIlie ve 'nirgrantha' arthAt 'granthi - rahita' kahe gaye / upaniSadoM ke kAla meM aura kAlAMtara meM bhI zramaNoM kA brAhmaNoM ke sAtha niraMtara ullekha sUcita karatA hai ki zramaNoM ko bhI vahI Adara diyA jAtA thA jo brAhmaNoM ko diyA jAtA thA / jaisA ki pAThaka ne saMketa kiyA hai 'samasta pada' 'zramaNa-brAhmaNa' se ekasAtha dhvani nikalatI hai ki AdhyAtmika upadezakoM ke ye do varga the jinameM prAyaH koI bheda-bhAva nahIM thaa| dIgha nikAya Adi bauddha granthoM meM bhI 'zramaNa brAhmaNa' pada kA prayoga huA hai jisase ina donoM kA mahattva dhvanita hotA hai / azoka ne apane sAmrAjya ke sabhI dharmoM ko pAMca vagoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA / (bauddha) saMgha, brAhmaNa, AjIvaka, nirgrantha ( yA jaina) aura anya mata / usane ghoSaNA kI thI ki vaha sabhI ke prati sammAna kA bhAva rakhatA hai, bhale hI usakA tIvra AkarSaNa bauddha dharma ke prati thA giranAra, zAhabAjagar3hI aura mAnaserA ke usake dharma - lekhoM meM zramaNoM ke jo pracura ullekha haiM unase tatkAlIna logoM para zramaNoM ke prabhAva kI puSTi hotI hai / 1. bhaTTAcArya pUrvokta, 2. goTha ena00 'hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana buddhijma' (1981 ) pR0 21 Dha, hulza, 'kaoNrpasa inskripzanam iNDikeram', bhAga 1 3.

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( 35 ) tathApi yaha ullekhanIya hai ki "zramaNa" aura brAhmaNa" zabdoM kA prayoga sAtha-sAtha hone para bhI zramaNa dharma brAhmaNa dharma ke karmakAMDa aura yajJoM ke viruddha the| bauddhoM kA aMguttara-nikAya aura jainoM ke dasaveyAliya aura uttarajjhayaNa meM brAhmaNoM ke kriyAkAMDa kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai aura "vAstavika' brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| do vibhinna AdhyAtmika paddhatiyoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAle zramaNa aura brAhmaNa dharmoM kA paraspara virodha eka janazruti kA-sA rUpa le cukA thA, jisase pataMjali ne yaha vArtika likhA' : "yeSAM ca zAzva. tiko virodhH"| yahI kAraNa hai aura isameM Azcarya bhI nahIM, ki jaina Agama garva ke sAtha sUcita karate hai ki mahAvIra ke sabhI pramukha gaNadhara brAhmaNa the| yadyapi bauddha aura jaina dharma zramaNa paraMparA se udbhUta hue the, tathApi una donoM meM spaSTa aura vicAraNIya aMtara hai| jaisA ki sarvavidita hai, buddha ne madhyamA pratipadA (madhyama mArga) kA upadeza diyA jisakA tAtparya thA-ki vaidika dharma ke AtyaMtika karmakAMDa kA nirAkaraNa aura ghora kAyotsarga kI paddhati kA parihAra / tathApi, bauddha dharma ke itihAsa se prakaTa hotA hai ki kaI dRSTiyoM se use vyAvahArika suvidhAvAda ke samakSa jhakanA par3A jisake kAraNa aMtataH usakA patana hokara rahA; dUsarI ora zramaNa paraMparA ke dUsare dharma, jaina dharma, ne kucha aisA kiyA ki vaha kAyotsarga kI paddhati para aTala rahakara Aja bhI jIvita raha sakA hai| isalie yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA anucita nahIM hogA ki zramaNa dharma ke bhramaNazIla jIvana, kAyotsarga kI paddhati kA anusaraNa, hiMsA aura karmakAMDa kA parityAga, liMgoM kI samAnatA kI udghoSaNA, jAtivAda kI asvIkRti Adi pramukha siddhAMtoM kA pAlana Aja bhI jaina zramaNa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai| isase yaha tathya pratiphalita hotA hai ki jaina saMskRti aura dharma ke upadeza Aja bhI avicchinna rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| zramaNa dharma ke pramukha siddhAMtoM kA pAlana bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai| dUsarI ora, vaidika 1. 'mahAbhASya', 2. 4. 9,

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( 36 ) dharma kA Aja kA rUpa itane parivartanoM se hokara nikalA hai ki apane prAcIna rUpa se bhinna avasthA meM A gayA hai| isI prakAra, bauddha dharma apanI mAtRbhUmi meM bhI TikA nahIM raha sakA, bhale hI vaha usake bAhara prasarita huA / ina donoM ke viparIta, jaina dharma ekamAtra aisA dharma hai jo na kevala Aja bhI jIvita hai pratyuta bahuta bar3I sImA taka apane mUla rUpa aura darzana ko akSuNNa banAye hue hai / ataeva zramaNa dharma aura jaina saMskRti eka avichinna saMbaMdha aura vidhyAtmaka saMparka kA sadbhAva pratIta hotA hai, jo atIta meM bhI thA aura vartamAna meM bhI hai / isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma ne zramaNa dharma kI paraMparAoM kI dAya prApta kI hai aura unakA paripAlana bhI kiyA hai / zramaNa dharmoM ke mukhya lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai, aba hama unake prakAza meM Aja ke jaina AcAra kI parIkSA kareMge jisase jaina saMskRti aura zramaNa paraMparA kI tulanAtmaka vyAkhyA kI jA sake / prathama aura sarvopari, zramaNa samAja eka bhramaNazIla samAja thA, sAMsArika gatividhiyoM se aspRSTa, yaha lakSaNa tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke jIvana meM hI nahIM parilakSita hotA hai, pratyuta jaina sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke saMgha meM Aja pracalita jIvana-paddhati meM bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / yaha parijJAta hai ki mahAvIra apanI vihAra yAtrAoM meM grAmo meM eka rAtri aura nagaroM meM pAMca rAtriyoM taka hI rukate the ( gAMme egarAiyA, nayare paMtrarAiyA ) isa paddhati kA pAlana varSAvAsa ke ati-rikta, jaina sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM dvArA Aja bhI kiyA jAtA hai / zramaNa paraMparA kA dUsarA pramukha lakSaNa thA ahiMsA kA niraticAra pAlana | bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi kA kathAnaka itanA suparicita hai ki yahAM usakI punarAvRtti anAvazyaka hai / itanA kahanA hI paryApta hai ki jaina Aja bhI ahiMsA ke sarvotkRSTa aura sarvAdhika niyama baddha dhuraMdhara mAne jAte haiM / sAdhu-jIvana se saMbaMdhI niyamAvalI itanI kaThina pratIta hotI hai ki usakA pAlana hI na kiyA jA sake kintu usakA AdhAra hai mukhyataH vaha siddhAMta jisake anusAra zArIrika, mAnasika aura vAcanika hiMsA kA parityAga Avazyaka hai / dasaveyAliya kI yaha ukti ucita hI hai ki "sabhI jIva jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM, maranA

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( 37 ) nahIM cAhate - savve jIvA vi ichaMti jIviuM, Na, mArijji- isalie kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA ghRNita kArya hai| isa ukti kI spaSTa zabdoM meM puSTi yAjJikI hiMsA meM kI gayI thI ke virodha, jisakA vidhAna vaidika karmakAMDa meM hai| yaha batAyA jAnA cAhie ki bhArata ke sabhI. dharmoM meM jaina dharma hI aisA hai jisane ahiMsA kA adhikatama sImA taka pakSa liyA aura paripAlana bhI kiyaa| yaha eka aisA satya hai, jisane zubriga ko yaha kahane ko vivaza kara diyA ki jaina loga kIr3oM-makor3o jaise prANiyoM kI AdamI se bhI adhika citA karate haiN| janasaMkhyA meM zAkAhAriyoM ke adhika pratizata, vizeSataH pazcimI bhArata meM, kA zreya jaina saMskRti aura usakI ahiMsAvAditA ko diyA jAnA caahie| .. zramaNa paraMparA dvArA pratipAdita AdhyAtmika svatantratA jaina saMskRti kI pRSThAsthi rahI hai| prAcIna jaina draSTAoM ne kisI bhI vyakti kI pratiSThA kA mApadaNDa usakA AcAra batAyA hai, usakA jAni-vizeSa yA parivAra-vizeSa meM janma nhiiN| kyoMki zramaNa paraMparA meM AcAra yA vyavahAra kI pavitratA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai, ataH jAtivyavasthA kI paraMparA aura ucca-nIca kA bheda adhika samaya taka nahIM cala skaa| aMguttaranikAya Adi bauddha grantha aura mUla-sUtra Adi jaina granthoM meM yaha pUrNatayA spaSTa rUpa se aMkita hai| udAharaNa ke lie, uttarAdhyayana ke paccIsaveM adhyAya meM eka sacce brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM / ahiMsA, niHspRhatA, brahmacarya, satya aura aparigraha ke pAlana se hI koI vyakti brAhmaNa kahalAne kA pAtra ho sakatA hai| usa grantha kI agralikhita gAthAoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hogI aura jJAta hogA ki bAhya lakSaNoM se koI lAbha nahIM hotA : na vi muDieNa samaNo, na okAreNa baMbhaNo, na muni raNa-vAseNaM kusa-cIreNa na tAvaso / 25.31 samayAe samaNo hoi baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo, nANeNa ya muni hoI taveNa hoi taavso| 25.32 kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khattio, vaiso kammuNA hoi, sudo havai kammuNA / 25.33

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( 38 ) isa prakAra zramaNa paraMparA ke siddhAMtoM ko, jinameM samyakcAritra para bala diyA gayA hai na ki karmakAMDa yA bAla-tapa para, dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaina draSTAoM ne eka aisI AcAra-saMhitA prastuta kI jisakA Aja ke jaina bhI pAlana kara rahe haiM aura jo jaina saMskRti kA eka abhinna aMga bana cukI hai / vaidika paraMparA kI bhA~ti zramaNa paraMparA Izvara ke siddhAMta para AdhArita nahIM hai, ataH isa para bala diyA gayA ki aparigraha kA kaThoratA se pAlana karake evaM karmapudgaloM ke Asrava kA nirodha karake mokSa kI prApti kI jAe / ataH jaina dharma meM karmoM kA Asrava rokane tathA nirjarA karane ke lie Atma-saMyama para bala diyA gayA / kRpA karake sahAyatA pahu~cAne vAle paramAtmA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM samajhI gayI / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma meM Aja bhI paramAtmA kI mAnyatA nahIM hai / jaina dharma ke anusAra devoM ko bhI mokSa kI prApti ke liye manuSya bhava dhAraNa karanA pdd'egaa| kisI bhI prakAra ke karmakAMDa kA koI prayojana nahIM, kyoMki vaha isa prakriyA meM sahAyaka nahIM ho 1 sakatA / } pUrva kathana ke anusAra, zramaNa paraMparA meM liMgoM kI samAnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina dharma kI tulanA meM bauddha dharma kA sandarbha denA ucita hogaa| yaha suvidita hai ki buddha ne AraMbha meM striyoM ko dIkSA kI anumati nahIM dI thI / kintu kAlAMtara meM, Ananda ke anurodha para striyoM kI dIkSA kI anumati unhoMne jhuMjhalAte hue de dI / jaina dharma meM aisI bAta nahIM hai / yahA~ taka kI prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhanAtha ke samavasaraNa meM sAdhviyoM kI pracura saMkhyA thI / vahI paraMparA RSabhotara kAla meM calatI rahI; jinakI aitihAsikatA sandeha ke pare hai una teIsaveM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaGkaroM ke samavasaraNoM meM bhI sAdhviyoM kI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA thI / isa tathya kI saMpuSTi mathurA se prApta jaina abhilekhoM' se hotI hai jinameM aneka jaina sAdhviyoM aura mahilA anuyAyiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / 1. 'lUDarsa lisTa', epigrAphiyA iNDikA', jilda 10 /

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( 39 ) tathApi, yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki puruSa aura strI kI yaha samAnatA UparI hai| zramaNa paraMparA se udbhUta bauddha aura jaina dharma meM vyAvahArika daSTi se striyoM ke prati apekSAkRta kama udAratA pradarzita kI gayI hai, jaisA ki inake sAdhviyoM ke lie banAye gaye niyamoM se spaSTa hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki striyoM para ghora avizvAsa kA bhAva thA, jisake sandarbho se jaina sAhitya bhI bharA par3A hai| saMpUrNa sAdhuoM, yahA~ taka ki eka nava-dIkSita sAdhu kI tulanA meM bhI eka sAdhvI kA cira dIkSita hone para bhI, sabase nIce kA sthAna diyA jAnA isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai aura isase saMpUrNa strIjAti ke prati jaina daSTikoNa kA AbhAsa hotA hai| isa viSaya meM digambara kaThoratara haiM jo mAnate haiM ki strI, puruSa ke rUpa me punarjanma lekara hI mokSa prApta kara sakatI hai| dRSTikoNa kI ina vAstavikatAoM ke rahate huye bhI jaina saMskRti ko yaha zreya diyA jAnA cAhiye ki unameM eka varga to aisA thA, jisane striyoM ko Atmika anubhava kA mArga unmukta rkhaa| zramaNa paraMparA kA eka aura mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa thA saMbhrAMta varga kI apekSA jana-sAdhAraNa se adhika mela-milApa / bhramaNazIla sAdhU hone ke kAraNa ve jana-sAdhAraNa se saMparka meM Ate the, isase unase bAta karane ke lie unakI samajha meM Ane yogya bhASA kI AvazyakatA par3atI thii| isa kAraNa, buddha aura mahAvIra ne lokabhASAoM aura prAkRta ko apanI bhASA banAne kI mahatI udAratA pradarzita kii| ucca varga kI bhASA saMskRta thI aura vaha samAja ke saMbhrAMta varga taka hI sImita rahI pratIta hotI hai / isa vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se prAkRta bhASA meM vipula aura vividha sAhitya kI sarjanA huii| sarjanA kI yaha paraMparA madhyakAla taka calatI rahI jisakA pramANa hai bhaTTArakoM, yatiyoM aura guruoM dvArA gujarAtI, kannar3a, hindI, rAjasthAnI Adi kSetrIya bhASAoM meM racA gayA vipula sAhitya / ina kSetrIya bhASAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma jana-sAdhAraNa taka paha~cA / zramaNa paraMparA ke anurUpa usakI yaha pravRti honI hI cAhie thii| zramaNa paraMparAoM ke jaina dharma meM calate rahane kA rahasya eka atyanta vizeSa lakSaNa meM nihita hai / zramaNa paraMparA ke anurUpa jaisA ki

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( 40 ) pUrva meM kahA jA cukA haiM, jaina zramaNa bhramaNazIla sAdhuoM kA jIvana vyatIta karate rahe haiN| isase unheM apane zrAvaka anuyAyiyoM se niraMtara saMparka banAye rakhane meM sahAyatA milii| jaina dharma ke jIvanta bane rahane kA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa yaha bhI banA / uttaravartI kAla meM bauddha dharma maThoM meM sImita ho gayA, jabaki jaina zramaNa satata bhramaNa meM saMlagna rhe| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM ke maThoM aura gahAvAsoM kI saMkhyA apekSAkRta kama hai / bhramaNazIlatA kI jainoM kI pravRtti Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| zramaNasaMgha aura upAsaka-saMgha meM pArasparika AdAna-pradAna nirantara calatA rahatA hai| ataeva yaha niSkarSa sarvathA ucita hogA ki jaina dharma meM prAcIna zramaNa paraMparA kA astitva Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai /

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zarIra-saMracanA ke AdhAra para mAnava vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa (jaina darzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna) -DA0 triveNI prasAda siMha jaina darzana meM mAnava vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa ke vibhinna mAnaka pracalita rahe haiN| inameM eka mAnaka zArIrika saMracanA ke AdhAra para bhI hai, hAlA~ki zArIrika saMracanA ke AdhAra para bhI mAnava vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa karane kI vibhinna zailiyA~ pracalita haiM, yathA-zarIra kI banAvaTa, zarIra kA AkAra-prakAra, liMga aadi| Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM meM kretsamara aura zelDana ne zArIrika saMracanA (vizeSa rUpa se zarIra ke AkAra prakAra) ko dhyAna meM rakhakara mAnava-vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa kiyA aura usa zarIra ke AkAra-prakAra kA mAnava svabhAva ke sAtha saha sambandha khojane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina Agama granthoM meM zArIrika AdhAroM para mAnava vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa ke tIna prArUpa pracalita rahe haiM - saMhanana, saMsthAna aura liMga / yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM ne eka manovaijJAnika ke rUpa meM ina zArIrika saMracanAoM kA svabhAvagata vizeSatAoM ke sAtha saha-sambandha ko spaSTa karane kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA, phira bhI ve eka dharma-dArzanika ke rUpa meM ina zArIrika saMracanAoM kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha saha saMbaMdha dekhane kA prayAsa avazya karate haiN| sarvaprathama maiM jainoM ke saMsthAna-siddhAnta kI carcA karanA ucita smjhgaa| ye cha: prakAra ke haiM - samacaturastra saMsthAna, nyagrodhaparimaNDala saMsthAna, sAdi saMsthAna, kubja saMsthAna, vAmana saMsthAna aura haMDaka saMsthAna / 1. samacaturastra saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : - yaha zabda sama-|-catuH-|-asra se banA hai| sama kA artha hai samAna, vatuH kA artha hai cAra aura asra kA artha hai koNa / pAlathI mArakara

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( 42 ) baiThane para jisa zarIra ke cAro koNa samAna hoM arthAt Asana aura kapAla kA antara, donoM jAnUoM kA antara, vAma skandha aura vAma jAnu kA antara samAna ho, use samacaturastra saMsthAna se yukta vyakti kahate haiN| __sAtha hI jisa zarIra ke sampUrNa avayava ThIka pramANa vAle hoM, use samacaturasra saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva kahate haiM / dUsare prakAra se kaha sakate haiM ki Upara, nIce aura madhya meM kuzala zilpI dvArA banAye gaye samacakra kI taraha samAna rUpa se zarIra ke avayavoM kI racanA honaa| jaina paramparA me zalAkApuruSoM kA zarIra-racanA isI saMsthAna se yukta hotI hai| 2. nyagrodhaparimaNDala saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : nyagrodha vaTa vRkSa ko kahate haiN| jaise vaTa vRkSa Upara phailA huA hotA hai aura nIce bhAga meM saMkucita hotA hai, usI prakAra jisa saMsthAna meM nAbhi ke Upara kA bhAga vistAravAlA aura nIce kA bhAga hIna avayava vAlA ho use nyagrodhaparimaNDala saMsthAna kahate haiN| isakI puSTi akalaMkadeva ne bhI kI hai| 3. sAdi saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : jisa saMsthAna meM nAbhi se nIce kA bhAga pUrNa aura Upara kA bhAga hIna ho, use sAdi saMsthAna kahate haiN| sAdi semala ( zAlmalI) vRkSa ko kahate haiM / zAlmalI vRkSa kA dhar3a (tanA) jaisA puSTa hotA hai vaisA Upara kA bhAga nahIM hotaa| 1. tatro/dhomadhyeSu samapravibhAgena zarIrAvayavamannivezavyavasthApana kuzalazilpinirvatatasamasthiticakravata avasthAnakaraM samacaturasra saMsthAnanAma |---raajvaatik, saMpA. mahendrakumAra jaina, pR. 576 / 2. nAbherupariSTAd bhUyaso dehasannivezaSyAdhastAccApIyaso janakaM nyagrodha-- parimaNDalasaMsthAnanAma / vahI /

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isI prakAra jisa zarIra meM Upara kA bhAga hIna ho, vaha 4. kubja saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : jisa vyakti ke chAtI, pITha, peTa Adi avayava Ter3he hoM lekina hAtha, paira, sira, gardana Adi avayava ThIka hoM, vaha kubja saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva vAlA hai | rAjavArtika meM pITha para pudgala piNDoMvAle arthAt kubar3Apana vAle vyakti ko kubja saMsthAna se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / ( 43 ) nAbhi ke nIce kA bhAga pUripUrNa aura sAdi saMsthAna hai / ' 5. vAmana saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : jisa vyakti ke chAtI, pITha, peTa Adi avayava pUrNa hoM, para hAtha, paira Adi avayava choTe hoM, use vAmana saMsthAna kahate haiM / jaina paramparA meM sabhI aMga - upAMgoM ke choTA hone vAle vyakti ko vAmana saMsthAna vAlA batAyA gayA hai / 3 6. huNDaka saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa : jisa vyakti ke zarIra ke samasta avayava beDhaba hoM, vaha huMDaka saMsthAna vAlA vyakti hai / rAjavArtika meM jisa vyakti ke sabhI aMga aura upAMgoM kI racanA betaratIba, yA huMDaka kI taraha hai use huMDaka saMsthAna vAlA vyakti kahA gayA hai / isa saMsthAna se yukta vyaktitva kA udAharaNa hameM aSTAvakra RSi meM dekhane ko milatA hai / 1. 3. 4. svAtirvalmIka; zAlmalirvAH tasya saMsthAnamiva saMsthAnaM yasya zarIrasya tatsvAti zarIra saMsthAnam / aho visAlaM udari saNNamidijaM uttaM hodi | dhavalA 6 / 1, 9-1, 34 / 7114 pRSTha pradeza bhAvibahupudgalapracaya vizeSalakSaNasya nirvartakaM kubjasaMsthAnanAm / rAjavArtika pR0 577 / sarvAGgopAGhasvavyavasthAvizeSakAraNaM vAmanasaMsthAnanAma | vahI / sarvAGgopAGgAnAM huNDasaMsthitatvAthuNDa saMsthAnanAma | vahI /

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Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM dvArA zArIrika saMracanA ke AdhAra para kiye gaye mAnava vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa ko hama nimna prakAra prastuta kara rahe haiM :kretsamara ke anusAra mAnava-vyaktitva ke cAra prakAra haiM' : ----- 1. puSTakAya (Atheletic) 2. kRzakAya (Asthenic) 3. tuMdila (Pyknic) 4. mizrakAya (Dysplastic) 1. puSTakAya prakAra kA vyaktitva : puSTakAya prakAra ke vyaktitva vAle mAnava kA zArIrika gaThana acchA hotA hai| unameM sAhasa, nirbhayatA evaM saphalatA kI AkAMkSA pradhAna hotI hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha unameM kriyAzIlatA adhika pAyI jAtI hai| ye samAja meM Avazyaka samAyojana karane meM saphala hote haiM aura apanA sthAna bhI banA lete haiN| 2. kRzakAya prakAra kA vyaktitva : kRzakAya prakAra kA vyaktitva vAlA vyakti zArIrika rUpa se lambA aura kRza hotA hai| vaha dUsaroM kA Alocaka hotA hai / lekina dUsaroM dvArA usakI AlocanA karane para use burA lagatA hai| 3. tu dila prakAra kA vyaktitva : tuMdila prakAra ke vyaktitva vAle vyakti ke zarIra meM toMda kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / isa prakAra ke vyaktitva vAle manuSya milanasAra evaM maitrIyukta hote haiN| ye ArAmatalabI aura bAtacIta meM bahuta Ananda lene vAle hote haiN| isa kAraNa tuMdila prakAra kA vyaktitva lokapriya bana jAtA hai| 1. Kretschmer, Physique and Character, New York Harccoust, Brance and Co. 1925 uddhRta-vyaktitvamanovijJAna -- sItArAma jAyasavAla, pR0 164

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( 45 ) 4. mizrakAya prakAra kA vyaktitva : mizrakAya prakAra ke vyaktitva vAle logoM meM Upara varNita tInoM prakAra ke guNoM kA mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai| kretsama ra kA yaha mata hai ki adhikatara mAnasika rogiyoM ke zarIra kI banAvaTa mizrakAya prakAra kI hotI hai / ataH isa prakAra ke vyaktitva meM sAmAnyatA kI sambhAvanA pAyI jAtI hai| zelDana ne vyakti ke zarIra kI banAvaTa ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / ye nimna haiM 1. golAkAra (Endomorphic) 2. AyatAkAra (Mesomorphic) 3. lambAkAra (Ectomorphic) 1. golAkAritA aura vyaktitva ( Endomorphic and personality ) jisa zarIra kI banAvaTa golAkAra hotI hai, usakI pAcana kriyA bahuta acchI hotI hai aura usake samasta vyavahAra meM ArAma pasandagI pAyI jAtI hai| isase prabhAvita vyaktitva meM acche bhojana karane kI ruci kI pradhAnatA, gaharI nIMda meM sone kI icchA, mitratA bar3hAne kI icchA, parivAra ke prati adhika lagAva dikhAyI par3ate haiN| zelDana ne isa taraha ke vyaktitva ko vise roToniyA (Viscerotonia) zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| 2. AyatAkAritA aura vyaktitva ( Metomorphic and personality ) zelDana ne AyatAkAra zarIravAle vyakti ke vyaktitva ko someToToniyA ( Somatotonia) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase prabhAvita 1. .w. H. Sheldon, et al, The Varieties of Human Physique. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1940 uddhata vyaktitvamanovijJAna--sItArAma jAyasavAla, pR0 165.

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vyakti ke vyavahAra meM zArIrika zakti evaM gati kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| isa taraha ke vyaktitva vAle loga vyAyAma ke premI aura sAhasI hote haiN| ye vyakti apane jIvana ke lakSya ke prati niSThAvAna rahate haiM aura apane lakSya ko chor3akara kisI anya vastu se prema nahIM karate 3. lambAkAritA aura vyaktitva ( Ectomorphy and personality ) zelDana ne lambAkAritA zarIra vAle vyaktitva ke lie seroboToniyA ( Cerobrotonia ) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke vyaktitva vAle loga mAnasika kAryoM meM adhika ruci lete haiM arthAt anya logoM kI tulanA meM inakI bauddhika kSamatA adhika hotI hai| zArIrika kSamatA kI daSTi se isa prakAra ke loga jaldI thaka jAte haiM / yahI kAraNa hai inheM ekAnta meM rahanA adhika priya hai| aise loga mAnasika kAryoM meM adhika lage rahate haiM tathA inameM thakAna bhI jaldI A jAtI hai| uparyukta vargIkaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki kisI bhI vyakti meM zuddha rUpa se eka hI prakAra kI banAvaTa nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| balki kucha aise bhI vyakti hote haiM, jinameM tInoM guNa pAye jAte haiN| lekina jisa vyakti meM jisa prakAra kI banAvaTa kI adhikatA hotI hai usI AdhAra para vyakti ke zarIra kI banAvaTa kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM zarIra saMracanA ke AdhAra para samacaturasra, nyagrodha, svAti (sAdi), kubja, vAmana aura huMDaka aise jo chaha vibhAga kiye gaye haiM, unakI kretsamara dvArA kiye gaye vyaktitva ke cAra prakAra -- pUSTakAya, kRzakAya, tuMdila aura mizrakAya se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / ___ jainoM kA samacaturasra zarIra saMsthAna, kretsamara ke puSTakAya prakAra se tulanIya hai, kyoMki donoM ke anusAra yahI vyaktitva kA aisA prakAra hai, jisameM zarIra ko pUrNatayA susaMgaThita aura suDaula mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ke anusAra samacaturasra saMsthAna meM zarIra ke pratyeka aMga apane samucita AkAra-prakAra meM hote haiN| koI bhI aMga na to maryAdA se

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( 47 ) adhika lambA-caur3A hotA hai aura na moTA aura dubalA hI / kretsamara ne bhI puSTakAya prakAra ke yahI lakSaNa batAye haiM / susaMgaThita aura suDaula zarIra vyaktitva kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / ise jaina darzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM hI svIkAra karate haiM / jainoM ke anusAra tIrthaMGkara, cakravartI vAsudeva Adi zalAkApuruSa ( mahApuruSa ) sanacaturasra saMsthAna vAle hote haiM / isakA artha yaha hai ki inake prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA eka kAraNa inakI zArIrika saMracanA hai / kra etsamara ne puSTakAya prakAra ke vyaktitva meM sAhasa, nirbhayatA, saphalatA, sAmAjika samAyojana Adi guNoM kI jo carcA kI hai ve jainoM ke zalAkApuruSoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiM, isalie ve viziSTa vyakti mAne jAte haiM / isa prakAra donoM hI paramparAyeM cAhe eka dUsare se bhinna hoM, kintu donoM ne saphala vyaktitva ke lie suDaula aura sugaThita zarIra ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / | jainoM kA nyagrodha parimaNDala zarIrasaMsthAna kisI sImA taka kretsamara ke kRzakAya prakAra se tulanIya ho sakatA hai / yadyapi donoM meM yahA~ eka mahattvapUrNa antara hai, vaha yaha ki kRzakAya prakAra kA vyakti lambA aura charahare badana kA hotA hai jabaki nyagrodha saMsthAna vAlA vyakti lambA hokara bhI pUrNatayA charahare badana kA nahIM hotA hai / jainoM ke anusAra nyagrodha parimaNDala vAle vyakti ke zarIra kA adhobhAga lambA aura patalA hotA hai kintu usake zarIra kA UparI bhAga arthAt vakSasthala, mukhamaNDala Adi sugaThita hote haiM / manovaijJAnikoM ne svabhAva kI dRSTi se ise antarmukhI aura dUsaroM kA Alocaka batAyA hai / jaina paramparA meM nyagrodha parimaNDala saMsthAna vAle vyakti ke svabhAva ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa sUcanA hameM prApta nahIM hotI hai / vaise jainoM kA nyagrodha parimaNDala zarIrasaMsthAna kra etsamara ke mizrakAya prakAra ke adhika nikaTa hai / 1 kretsamara kA tuMdila prakAra kA vyakti jainoM ke svAti saMsthAna se tulanIya hai / jainoM ke anusAra svAti saMsthAna se yukta vyakti ke zarIra kA nAbhi se nIce kA bhAga moTA aura Upara kA bhAga hIna hotA hai / 'dhavalA' meM isa saMsthAna kI tulanA vAlmIka se kI gayI hai /

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( 48 ) vAlmIka nIce se cor3A aura Upara patalA hotA hai / kretsamara ke tuMdila prakAra ke vyaktitva meM hameM yahI vizeSatA milatI hai / ataH donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai / Adhunika manovijJAna isa prakAra ke vyaktitva ko milanasAra, sAmAjika aura ArAmapasanda kahatA hai / jainoM ke anusAra bhI hama isa prakAra ke vyaktitva ko bahirmukhI kaha sakate haiM / bahirmukhI kA mukhya lakSaNa jainoM ne jo batAyA hai vaha hai 'sAMsArika bhogoM meM Ananda lenA' / kretsamara ne bhI aise vyaktitva ke sambandha meM sAmAjikatA aura AnandapriyatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ataH donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai / kretsamara ne jisa mizra prakAra kI carcA kI hai vastutaH ve kisI sImA taka nyagrodha aura svAti saMsthAna ke hI rUpa haiM / kretsamara ke anusAra mizrakAya prakAra meM puSTakAya aura kRzakAya prakAroM ke mizrita lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM / nyagrodha aura svAti saMsthAna meM bhI zarIra ke Adhe bhAga ko puSTa aura Adhe bhAga ko hIna mAnakara mizrita vyaktitva kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM jainoM ne svAti sasthAna aura nyagrodha saMsthAna kI jo carcA kI hai vaha Anubhavika AdhAra para satya pratIta hotI hai / taka kretsamara ke tuMdila pUrNataH samAna nahIM kahA vAmana saMsthAna donoM meM jainoM kA vAmana saMsthAna bhI kisI sImA prakAra ke nikaTa AtA hai phira bhI donoM ko jA sakatA hai / yadyapi tuMdila prakAra aura vyaktitva ko nATA mAnA gayA hai vahA~ jaina paramparA meM vAmana ko Avazyaka rUpa se moTA nahIM mAnA gayA hai / vAmana saMsthAna vAlA vyakti nATA to hotA hai kintu vaha moTA bhI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM / jainoM ne kubjaka aura huMDaka saMsthAnoM kI jo carcA kI hai vaha yadyapi kretsamara ke vyaktitva ke prakAroM kI carcA ke sAtha tulanIya to nahIM parantu Anubhavika AdhAra para satya hai / Anubhavika AdhAra para kubjaka aura huMDaka saMsthAna vAle aneka vyakti upalabdha hote haiM

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Adhunika manovijJAna meM yadi inake svabhAvoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa adhyayana kiyA jAya to hameM aneka manovaijJAnika satya prApta ho sakate haiN| zelDana nAmaka manovaijJAnika ne zarIra kI banAvaTa ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ko golAkAra, AyatAkAra aura lambAkAra rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| unake AyatAkAra vyaktitva ke varga kI tulanA jaina paramparA ke samacaturastra saMsthAna se kara sakate haiN| unhoMne isa prakAra ke zarIra saMracanA vAle vyaktitva kI udyamI aura sAhasI kahA hai| sAtha hI use balavAna bhI mAnA hai| yahI guNa hameM jaina paramparA ke samacaturasra saMstha na se yukta vyaktitva meM milate haiN| zelDana kA golAkAra vyaktitva jaina paramparA ke svAti saMsthAna se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki svAti saMsthAna ko vAlmIka ke AkAra ke samAna batAyA gayA hai, jo zelDana ke golAkAra vyakti va ke samAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| kisI sImA taka isa prakAra kI zArIrika saMracanA vAle vyaktitva ko jainoM ke vAmana saMsthAna vAle vyaktitva ke bhI nikaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai| __ zelDana ne lambAkAra zarIra saMracanA kI jo carcA kI hai vaha jainoM ke nyagrodha saMsthAna ke nikaTa kahI jA sakatI hai kintu donoM meM antara bhI hai| kyoMki isa saMsthAna vAle vyakti ke nAbhi ke Upara kA bhAga puSTa hotA hai / lambAkAra vyaktitva ke samarUpa koI bhI vyaktitva hameM jaina paramarA meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| lambAkara vyaktitva meM mukhyarUpa se lambA aura patalA donoM bAteM A jAtI haiM; jabaki jainoM meM zarIra ke vargIkaraNa meM aisA koI saMsthAna nahIM hai, jo lambA aura kRza donoM ho| jainoM ke nyagrodha parimaNDala saMsthAna meM zarIra ke adhobhAga ko kRza aura UparI bhAga ko puSTa mAnA gayA hai aura svAti saMsthAna meM bhI zarIra ke adhobhAga ko puSTa aura UparI bhAga ko kRza mAnA gayA hai| ata: donoM hI zelDana ke lambAkAra vyaktitva se bhinna haiN|

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( 50 ) - huMDaka aura kubjaka saMsthAnoM kI carcA hameM Adhunika manovaijJAnika zelDana dvArA kI gayI vargIkaraNa meM nahIM prApta hotI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Adhunika manovaijJAnika sAdhAraNatayA sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, unakA adhyayana tatha' vargIkaraNa prastuta karate haiN| agara ina vyaktiyoM ke bhI svabhAvoM kA adhyayana manovaijJAnika dRSTi se kiyA jAya to bahuta kucha satya prApta ho sakatI hai| jahA~ taka 'aSTAvakra RSi' ke zArIrika banAvaTa aura bauddhika sAmarthya kA prazna hai. unheM to apavAda hI mAnanA hogaa| zarIra-saMracanA mAnava vyaktitva ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai / jaina paramparAke sAtha-sAtha Adhunika manovaijJAnika bhI mAnate haiM ki zArIrika saMracanA kA prabhAva vyakti ke sAmAjika jIvana para bhI par3atA hai / yadyapi jai dharma meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se saMsthAna ko vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai, kyoMki unake anusAra chahoM saMsthAnoM ke vyakti nirvANa (mukti) prApta kara sakate haiN| zArIrika saMracanA, vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM to bAdhaka nahIM kintu vyAvahArika jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa tathya hai| zodha sahAyaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra -DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya samagra bhAratIya saMskRti evaM vicAradhArA kA mukhya lakSya AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM loka-kalyANa rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana, kI jisakA mUla svara adhyAtmavAda hai, ruci kisI kAlpanika ekAMta meM na hokara mAnava samudAya ke kalyANa meM rahI hai| bhAratIya darzana kI do pramukha dhArAoM-vaidika evaM avaidika meM se, avaidika dhArA ke pratinidhi jainadarzana meM AtmavAda, karmavAda, paralokavAda evaM mokSavAda kA vizad vivecana milatA hai| ina cAroM siddhAntoM meM bhAratIya darzanoM kI mUla pravattiyAM samAviSTa haiN| bhAratIya paramparA ke anurUpa jaina darzana bhI laukika jIvana ko duHkhamaya mAnate hue duHkhoM se AtyaM. tika nivRtti ko hI apanA lakSya mAnatA hai / ___ Agama hI jaina paramparA ke veda evaM piTaka haiN| ye aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra, chedasUtra, cUlikA evaM prakIrNakoM meM vargIkRta haiN| samasta jaina siddhAnta bIjarUpa meM inameM nihita haiN| kAla kI dRSTi se aMga prAcInatama haiN| vartamAna upalabdha 11 aMgoM meM sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya hai / yaha grantha sva-samaya ( sva-siddhAnta ) aura para-samaya (para-siddhAnta ) kA jJAna ( satyAsatya darzana ) karAne vAlA zAstra hai / ' zrutapAragAmI AcArya bhadrabAhu ne ise zrutvAkRtaM' = sUtakaDaM arthAt tIrthaMkara-vANI sunakara gaNadharoM dvArA zAstra-rUpa pradatta batAyA hai| isameM tatkAlIna anya dArzanika matoM kI yuktirahita ayathArtha mAnyatAoM kA ullekha tathA nirasana to kiyA gayA hai parantu kisI mata ke pravartaka kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| mithyA va ayathArtha dhAraNAoM ko bandhana mAnakara sAdhaka ko satya kA yathArtha paribodha karAnA zAstrakAra kA mukhya dhyeya hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI pramukha vizeSatA darzana ke sAtha jIvana vyavahAra kA ucca Adarza sthApita karanA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM hama sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana 1. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, gAthA-18-20 tathA unakI zIlAMka vRtti

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( 52 ) ke Arambhika cAra uddezakoM meM nihita dArzanika mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAntoM kA anuzIlana kareMge / ve isa prakAra haiM- baMdhana kA svarUpa, paMcamahAbhUtavAda, ekAtmavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda, kSaNikavAda, sAMkhyAdimata kI nissAratA niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, kriyAvAda, jagatkartRttvavAda, avatAravAda, svasvapravAda - prazaMsA, munidharmopadeza, lokavAda, ahiMsA mahAvrata evaM cAritra zuddhi-upAya | sutrakRtAMga' kI Adi gAthA ke cAra padoM meM grantha ke sampUrNa tattvaciMtana kA sAra samAviSTa hai = baMdhaNaM parijANiyA = baMdhana ko jAnakara bujjhejja tiuTTejjA = samajho aura tor3o kimAha baMdhaNaM vIre - bhagavAna ne baMdhana kise batAyA hai ? kiMvA jANaM tiuTTai = aura use kaise tor3A jA sakatA hai ? vastutaH ina padoM meM darzana aura dharma, vicAra aura AcAra bIjarUpa jisakA meM sannihita haiM / zAstrakAra ne Adipada meM bodha prApti kA, tAtparya Atmabodha se hai, upadeza kiyA hai / bodha prApti atyanta durlabha hai, yaha tathya sUtrakRtAMga, AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana e Adi granthoM meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai / bodha prApti ekendriya se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ko durlabha hai / AryakSetra, uttamakulotpanna, paripUrNa indriyA~, paripUrNa aMgopAMga evaM svastha sazakta zarIra se yukta dIrghAyuSya ko prApta manuSya hI kevala bodhiprApti kA adhikArI hai / Atma bodha kA artha hai - 'maiM kauna hU~' ? manuSya loka meM kaise AyA ? AtmA tattvataH baMdhana rahita hote hue isa bhI prakAra ke baMdhana meM kyoM par3I ? baMdhanoM ko kauna aura kaise tor3a sakatA hai ? Adi / baMdhana kA svarUpa - saMsArI AtmA karmoM se jakar3I hone ke kAraNa paratantra hai, isI paratantratA kA nAma baMdha hai / umAsvAti ne 1. sUtrakRtAMga gAthA 10 (saM0 va anu0 madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, rAjasthAna, 1982) 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 8115 3. badhyate'nena bandhanamAlaM vA bandhaH- tatvArthavArtika, bhAga 1, pR0 26 bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, sampA0 mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI vi0 ni0 saM0 2499

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tattvArthasUtra meM 'kaSAya-yukta jIva dvArA karmayogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA baMdha hai' aisA kahA hai| tattvArthavRttikAra akalaMkadeva ke anusAra AtmapradezoM ke sAtha jo karma kSIra-nIravata eka hokara sthita ho jAte haiM, rahate haiM yA ba~dha jAte haiM, ve baMdhana yA baMdha kahalAte haiM / aka. laMka deva ke anusAra sAmAnya kI apekSA se baMdha ke bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate arthAt isa dRSTi se baMdha eka hI prakAra kA hai| kintu vizeSa kI apekSA se baMdha do prakAra kA hai-(i) dravyabaMdha aura (ii) bhAvabaMdha / / dravyabaMdha-jJAnAvaraNAdi karma-pudgala pradezoM kA jIva ke sAtha saMyoga dravyabaMdha hai| bhAvabaMdha--AtmA ke azuddha cetana pariNAma (bhAva) moha. rAgadveSa aura krodhAdi jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ke yogya pudgala paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM, bhAvabaMdha kahalAtA hai| AcArya nemicandra karmabaMdha ke kAraNabhUta cetana pariNAma ko bhAvabaMdha mAnate haiN| karmabandha ke kAraNa -jaina darzana meM baMdha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai, / kAraNa eka ora AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra" meM vaidika darzanoM kI taraha ajJAna ko hI baMdha kA pramukha kAraNa batalAyA hai to dUsarI ora sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM tattvArtha1. sa kaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudglAnAdatte sa bandhaH / --tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 2 2. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, bhArata jaina mahA maNDala, vardhA, 1952 3. tatvArtha vaartik-2|10|2 pR0 124 4. AtmakarmaNo ranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bndhH| sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAdAcArya saM0 va anu0 phalacanda-siddhAntazAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI prathamAvRtti san 1955) 1 / 4 pR0 14 5. krodhAdipariNAmavazIkRto bhaavbndhH-tttvaarthvaartik-2|100 pR0 124 6. dravyasaMgraha nemicandrAcArya, prakA0 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala vi0 ni0 saM0 2433 7. samayasAra (AtmakhyAti-tAtparyavRti bhASAvanikA TIkA sahita) kunda kundAcArya, sampA0pannAlAla jaina prakA0 paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, boriyA dvitIyAvRtti, san 1974 gAthA-153, AtmakhyAti TIkA--gA. 153

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( 54 ) sUtra meM karma-bandha ke pAMca kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, jo adhika pracalita haiM-- (i) mithyAdarzana (ii) avirati (iii) pramAda (iv) kaSAya (v) yog| (i) mithyA darzana-jo vastu jaisI hai, use usa rUpa meM na mAnakara viparIta rUpa meM mAnanA yA grahaNa karanA mithyAtva hai| dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana kA ulTA mithyAdarzana hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna na karanA mithyAdarzana batAyA gayA hai| (ii) avirati-virati kA abhAva hI avirati hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra ne virati kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ye pAMca tyAjya haiM; ataH hiMsA Adi pAMca pApoM ko nahIM chor3anA yA ahiMsAdi pAMca vratoM kA pAlana na karanA avirati hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI cauthI va pA~cavI gAthA meM jIva ko parigraha ke do rUpa-sacetana evaM acetana se saceta kiyA gayA hai| manuSya, pazu-pakSI Adi prANiyoM meM Asakti rakhanA sacetana parigraha va sonAcA~dI, rupayA-paisA meM Asakti rakhanA acetana parigraha hai| parigraha cU~ki karma baMdha kA mUla hai isalie vaha duHkha rUpa hai| (iii) pramAda-pramAda kA artha hai Alasya kA honA, krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke kAraNa ahiMsA Adi ke AcaraNa meM jIva kI ruci nahIM hotii| vIrasena ne krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpa-kaSAyoM aura hAsya Adi nau upa-kaSAyoM ke tIvra udaya hone ko pramAda kahA hai| (iv) kaSAya-AtmA ke kaluSa pariNAma jo karmoM ke bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiM, kaSAya kahalAte haiN| 1. taM-micchataM jamasaddahaNaM taccANa hoi atthANaM / bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA56 AcArya zivakoTi, (saMmpA0 sakhArAma doSI, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA zolApura pra0 saM0 san 1935) 2. srvaarthsiddhi-7|1 . 3. dhavalA, vIrasena, khaM0 2 bhAga 1 sUtra 7 pR0 7 (hindI anuvAda sahita amarAvatI pra0 saM0 19:39.59) 4. sarvArthasiddhi 614, pR0 320

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( 55 ) (v) yoga - mana, vacana aura kAya se hone vAlA AtmapradezoM kA parispaMdana yoga hai / inhIM ke kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai / baMdha uccheda ' jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH' arthAt jaina darzana mukti hetu jJAna va kriyA donoM ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai / karmabandha uccheda hetu do vidhiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai - ( i ) navIna karmabandha ko rokanA saMvara e evaM ( ii) AtmA se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko, unake vipAka ke pUrva hI tapAdi dvArA alaga karanA nirjarA hai / saMvara va nirjarA se karmabaMdha kA uccheda ho jAnA hI mokSa hai / paMcamahAbhUtavAda yA bhUtacaitanyavAda - gAthA saMkhyA sAta va ATha meM varNita isa mata kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / niyuktikAra ise cArvAka mata kahate haiM / avadheya hai ki 4 tattva1. pRthvI, 2. jala, 3 teja aura 4. vAyu ko mAnanA prAcIna lokAyatoM kA mata hai, jabaki arvAcIna cArvAka matAnuyAyI pRthvI, jala, teja vAyu aura AkAza ina pAMca tattvoM ko mAnate haiM / ye pAMca mahAbhUta sarvalokavyApI evaM sarvajana pratyakSa hone se mahAn haiM / inakA astitva vyapadeza-khaNDana se pare hai / isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM apekSAkRta arvAcIna cArvAkoM kA matollekha hai / yadyapi sAMkhya va vaizeSika dArzanika bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM ko mAnate haiM parantu ye cArvAkoM ke samAna ina paMcamahAbhUtoM ko hI saba kucha nahIM mAnate / sAMkhya-mata puruSa, prakRti, mahattattva, ahaMkAra, paMcajJAnendriya, paMcakarmendriya evaM paMcatanmAtrAoM kI sattA svIkAratA hai / vaizeSika dizA, kAla, AtmA, mana Adi anya padArthoM kI bhI sattA mAnatA hai / cArvAka dArzanika pRthvI Adi paMcamahAbhUtoM ke zarIra-rUpa meM pariNita hone ke kAraNa caitanya kI utpatti bhI inhIM paMcamahAbhUtoM se mAnate haiM / unakI mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra 1. sarvArthasiddhi - 2026, pR0 183 2. tattvArtha sUtra - 9 // 1 3. puvvakadakamma saDaNaM tu NijjarA- bhagavatI ArAdhanA - gAthA 1847

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mur3a, mahuA Adi ke saMyoga se madazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai / usI prakAra ina bhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanya utpanna ho jAtA hai| cUMki ye bhautikavAdI pratyakSa ke atirikta anya koI pramANa nahIM mAnate, isaliye dUsare matavAdiyoM dvArA mAnya ina paMcamahAbhUtoM se bhinna paralokagAmI aura sukha-duHkha ke bhoktA kisI AtmA saMjJaka padArtha ko nahIM mAnate / isa anAtmavAda se hI-zarIrAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, manasAtmavAda, prANAtmavAda evaM viSayacaitanyavAda phalita hai, jise katipaya cArvAka dArzanika mAnate haiN| tajjIvataccharIravAda-tajjIva-taccharIravAda cArvAkoM ke anAtmavAda kA phalita rUpa hai| ye mAnate haiM ki vahI jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai| paMcamahAbhUtavAdImata meM paMcamahAbhUta hI zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNita hokara daur3anevAlA, bolanevAlA Adi sabhI kriyAyeM karate haiM jabaki tajjIvataccharIravAdI paMcabhUtoM se pariNita zarIra se hI caitanyazakti kI utpatti mAnatA hai| zarIra se AtmA ko vaha abhinna mAnatA hai / isa mata meM zarIra ke rahane taka hI astitva hai| zarIra ke vinaSTa hote hI paMcamahAbhUtoM ke bikhara jAne se AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| zarIra ke vinaSTa hone para usase bAhara nikalakara kahIM anyatra jAtA haA caitanya pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detA; isalie kahA gayA hai ki - Na te saMti-4 arthAt marane ke bAda AtmAyeM paraloka meM nahIM jaatii| ___niyuktikAra donoM matoM kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki paMcamahAbhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki inameM se kisI kA bhI guNa caitanya nahIM hai| anya guNa vAle padArthoM ke saMyoga se anya 1. sarvadarzanasaMgraha-mAdhavAcArya, pR0 10 (caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI) 2. suutrkRtaaNg-1|1|11-12, pR0 25 3. vahI, pR0 26 4. vahI, pR0 26

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( 57 ) guNa vAle padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii|' zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM haribhadra evaM tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki yadi sukhAdi caitanya zarIra ke dharma haiM to mRta zarIra meM bhI rUpAdi guNoM kI bhA~ti cetanA vidyamAna honI cAhie, para aisA nahIM hai| zarIrAtmavAdiyoM ke 'kiNvAdibhyomazaktivat' ke dRSTAnta kI viSamatA siddha karate huye kahA gayA hai ki madirA ke ghaTaka meM hI madirA rahatI hai parantu kisI kI bhUta meM caitanya nahIM rhtaa| ataH yaha mata asaMgata hai| niyukikAra kA kathana hai ki yadi deha ke vinAza ke sAtha AtmA kA vinA mAnA jAya to mokSaprApti ke lie kiye jAne vAle jJAna, darzana, cAritra, saMyama, vrata, niyama, sAdhanA Adi niSphala ho jaayeNge| ataH paMcamahAbhUtavAda kA siddhAnta mithyAgrasta evaM ajJAnamUlaka hai| ekAtmavAda -- vedAntI brahma ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko apatya mAnate haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM cetana-acetana saba brahma ( AtmA) rUpa hai| zAstra kAra kahate haiM ki nAnA rUpa meM bhAsita padArthoM ko bhI ekAtmavAdI dRSTAnta dvArA AtmarUpa siddha karate haiM / jaise -pRthvI samudAya rUpa piNDa eka hote huye bhI nadI, samudra, parvata, nagara, ghaTa Adi ke rUpa meM nAnA prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai, kintu ina saba bhedoM ke bAvajUda ina meM vyApta pRthvI tattva kA bheda nahIM hotA / usI prakAra eka jJAna-piNDa AtmA hI cetana-acetana rUpa samagraloka meM pRthvI, jalaM Adi bhUtoM ke AkAra meM nAnAvidha dikhAI detA hai. parantu AtmA ke svarUpa meM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| ye prANAtipAta hiMsA meM Asakta svayaM pApa karake duHkha ko AmaMtrita karatA hai kyoMki kAtmavAda kI kalpanA yukti rahita hai / anubhava se yaha siddha hai ki sAvadha anuSThAna karane meM 1. prameya ratnamAla! 48, pR. 296 (laghu anantavIrya, vyAkhyAkAra, sampA0 hIrAlAla jaina, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-vi0 saM0 2020) 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya-1965-66 haribhadrasUri, bhAratIyasaMskRtavidyA mandira (ahamadAbAda-1969) tattvArthavArtika 207 // 27, pR0 117 / 3. sUtrakRtAMga 11159-10 4. sarvametadidaM brahma-chA0 u. 314 / 1; brahmakhalvidaM sarvam-maitreyupaniSad 4,6 / 3

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( 58 ), jo Asakta rahate haiM, vahI pApakarma ke phalasvarUpa narakAdi ko bhogate haiM, dUsare nhiiN| akArakavAda yA akartRtvavAda-sAMkhya-yogamatavAdI AtmA ko akartA mAnate haiN| unake mata meM AtmA yA puruSa apariNAmI evaM nitya hone se kartA nahIM ho sakatA / zubha azubha karma prakRti kRta hone se vahI kartA hai| AtmA amUrta, kaTastha, nitya evaM svayakriyAzUnya hone se kartA nahIM ho sktaa| zAstrakAra kI isake viruddha Apatti isa prakAra hai___ AtmA ko ekAnta, kUTastha, nitya, amUrta, sarvavyApI evaM niSkriya mAnane para pratyakSa dRzyamAna, janmamaraNarUpa yA narakAdi gamala-rUpa yaha loka siddha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kUTastha nitya AtmA eka zarIra va yoni ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra va yoni meM saMkramaNa nahIM kara sakegA / sAtha hI eka zarIra meM bAlaka, vRddha, yuvaka Adi paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karanA bhI asambhava hogaa| vaha AtmA sarvadA kUTastha nitya hone para vikAra rahita hogA aura bAlaka tathA murkha sadaiva bAlaka va mUrkha hI banA rahegA, usameM kisI naye svabhAva kI utpatti nahIM hogii| aisI sthiti meM janmamaraNAdi duHkhoM kA vinAza, usake lie puruSArtha, evaM karmakSayArtha, japa-tapa, saMyama-niyama Adi kI sAdhanA sambhava nahIM hogii| sAMkhya ke prakRti kartRtva evaM puruSa ke bhoktA hote hue bhI kartA na mAnane ko le kara aneka jainAcAryoM ne isa siddhAnta ko ayuktiyukta batAyA hai| _ AtmaSaSThavAda-AtmaSaSThabAda vedavAdI sAMkhya va vaizeSikoM kA mata hai / pro0 harmana jaikobI ise caraka kA mata mAnate haiN| inake anusAra acetana paMcamahAbhata evaM sacetana AtmA ye cha: padArtha haiN| AtmA 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 1 / 13-14 2. amUrtazcetano bhogI nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH aka niguNa: sUkSma AtmA kapila darzane / SaDdarzana samuccaya / (guNaratnasarikRta rahasya dIpikA sahita ): - haribhadrasUri, saM0 mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 1970 3. tatvArtha vArtika 2 / 101 4. santi paMcamahabbhUtA ihamegesi AhitA / AyachaTThA puNegA''hu AyA loge ya sAsate / sUtrakRtAGga sU0 111:15

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( 59 ) aura loka donoM nitya haiM / ina chaH padArthoM kA sahetuka yA ahetuka kisI prakAra se vinAza nahIM hotA / inake mata meM asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA evaM sabhI padArtha sarvadA nitya haiM / bauddha grantha 'udAna' meM AtmA aura loka ko zAzvata mAnane vAle kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kA ullekha hai / bauddhadarzana meM padArtha kI utpatti ke pazcAt tatkAla hI niSkAraNa vinAza honA mAnA jAtA hai / ataH utpatti ke atirikta vinAza kA koI anya kAraNa nahIM hai / AtmaSaSThavAdI isa akAraNa vinAza ko nahIM mAnate aura na hI vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra bAhya kAraNoM se mAne jAne vAle sahetuka vinAza ko hI mAnate haiM / tAtparyataH AtmA yA paMcabhautika loka akAraNa yA sakAraNa donoM prakAra se vinaSTa nahIM hote / ye cetanAcetanAtmaka donoM koTi ke padArtha apane-apane svabhAva se acyuta rahakara sarvadA nitya rahate haiM / bhagavadgItA' meM AtmA kI trikAlAbAdhita nityatA ko batAte huye kahA gayA hai ki 'jo asat hai vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA aura jo hai ( sat ) usakA abhAva nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra sAMkhya satkAryavAda ke AdhAra para AtmA aura loka kI nityatA siddha karatA hai / jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI padArthoM ko sarvathA yA ekAnta nitya mAnanA yathArtha nahIM hai / isaliye AtmA ko ekAnta nitya sat yA asat mAnanA asaMgata hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane se AtmA meM kartRtva pari NAma utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / kartRttva ke abhAva meM karmabandhana na hone se sukha-duHkha rUpa karmaphala bhoga bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ataH AtmA, paMcabhUta Adi sabhI padArthoM ko kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya tathA kisI apekSA se sat evaM kisI apekSA se asat arthAt sadasatkArya rUpa na mAnakara, ekAnta mithyA grahaNa karanA hI AtmaSaSThavAdiyoM kA 1. nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / ubhayorapi dRSTo'ntastvanayostattvadarzibhiH ||bhagavadgItA 2 / 16 ( gItA presa, gorakhapura, 1975 ) 2. asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAta sarvasaMbhavAbhAvAt zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam || sAM0 kA0 9 ( gauDapAda bhASya ) : Izvara - kRSNa ha00 cau0 kAzI, vi0 saM0 1979

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mithyAtva hai / pratyeka padArtha dravya rUpa se sat aura paryAya rUpa se asat yA anitya hai', aisA satyagrAhI vyakti mAnate haiN| yahA~ zAstrakAra ne anekAntavAda kI kasauTI para AtmaSaSThavAdI siddhAnta ko kasane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| kSaNikavAda-bauddhadarzana kA anAtmavAda kSaNikavAda evaM pratItyasamutpAda para nirbhara hai| yaha anAtmavAda sarvathA tucchAbhAvarUpa nahIM hai kyoMki AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha puNya-pApa,karma-karmaphala, loka-paraloka punarjanma evaM mokSa kI yahA~ mAnyatA aura mahattA hai| dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta aura majjhimanikAya ke sambAsavvasutta ke anu. sAra mahAtmAbuddha ke samaya meM AtmavAda kI do vicAra dhArAe~ pracalita thIM-prathama zAzvata AtmavAdI vicAradhArA --jo AtmA ko nitya evaM dUsarI ucchedavAdI vicAradhArA-jo AtmA kA uccheda arthAt use anitya mAnatI thii| buddha ne ina donoM kA khaNDana kara anAtmavAda kA upadeza kiyA, parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki unheM AtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM thA / ve AtmA ko nitya aura vyApaka na mAnakara kSaNika cittasaMtati rUpa meM svIkAra karate the| ___visuddhimagga, suttapiTaka gata aMguttaranikAya Adi bauddha graMthoM ke anusAra kSaNikavAda ke do rUpa haiM-eka mata rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina paMcaskandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna sukha, dukha, icchA, dveSa va jJAnAdi ke AdhArabhUta AtmA nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM mAnatA hai| ina paMcaskandhoM se bhinna AtmA kA na to pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai, na hI AtmA ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAlA koI liMga bhI gRhIta hotA hai, jisase AsmA anumAna dvArA jAnI jA ske| ye paMcaskaMdha kSaNabhogI haiM, na to ye kUTastha nitya haiM aura na hI kAlAntara 1. sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAM kavatti patrAMka 24-25 2. sUtrakRtAMga suutr-1|1|17-18 3. dIghalikA 1:1 (anuvAda bhikSa rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, eva jagadIza kazyapa prakA0 bhAratIya bauddha zikSA pariSad vuddhavihAra, lakhanaU) 4. mjjhimnikaath-1|12 5. mhaavgg---1|6 pR0 11-16 (sampA0 bhikkhUjagadIzakazyapo, vihAra rAjakIyena pAlipakAsana maMDalena prakAzitA san 1956)

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sthAyI, balki kSaNamAtra sthAyI haiN| ye sat haiM isIlie kSaNika haiM, sat kA lakSaNa artha kriyA kAritva hai evaM jo sat hai vahI kSaNika hai| kSaNikavAda kA dUsarA rUpa ina cAra dhAtuoM-pRthvI jala, teja aura vAyU ko svIkAra karatA hai| ye cAroM jagat kA dhAraNa-poSaNa karate haiM isaliye dhAtu kahalAte haiN| ve cAroM ekAkAra hokara bhUtasaMjJaka rUpa skaMdha bana jAte haiM evaM zarIra rUpa meM jaba pariNita ho jAte haiM taba inakI jIva saMjJA hotI hai| jaisA ki ve kahate haiM - 'yaha zarIra cAra dhAtuoM se banA hai inase bhinna AtmA nahIM haiM / yaha bhUtasaMjJaka rUpaskaMdhamaya hone ke kAraNa paMcaskandhoM kI taraha kSaNika hai|' yaha cAturdhAtukavAda bhI kSaNikavAda kA hI eka rUpa hai jo sUttapiTaka ke majjhimanikAya meM varNita hai| vRttikAra zIlAMka ke anusAra ye sabhI bauddha matavAdI aphalavAdI haiM / bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda ke anusAra padArtha, AtmA aura sabhI kriyAe~ kSaNika haiN| isalie kriyA karane ke kSaNa meM hI kartA AtmA kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai, ataH AtmA kA kriyAphala ke sAtha koI saMbandha nahIM rahatA / jaba phala ke samaya taka AtmA bhI nahIM rahatI aura kriyA bhI usI kSaNa naSTa ho gayI to aihika-pAralaukika kriyAphala kA bhoktA kauna hogA ? paMcaskandhoM yA paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA na hone para AtmA rUpa phalopabhoktA nahIM hogA aisI sthiti meM sukhadukhAdi phaloM kA upabhoga kauna karegA? sAtha hI AtmA ke abhAva meM baMdha-mokSa, janma-maraNa, loka-paralokAgamana kI vyavasthA gar3abar3a ho jAyegI aura zAstravihita samasta pravRttiyAM nirarthaka ho jaayeNgii| zAstrakAra jainadarzanasammata AtmA kI yukti-yuktitA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ki yaha pariNAmI nitya; jJAna kA AdhAra, dUsare bhavoM meM Ane-jAne vAlA, paMcabhUtoM se kathaMcit bhinna tathA zarIra ke sAtha rahane se kathaMcit abhinna hai| vaha svakarmabandhoM ke kAraNa vibhinna narakAdi gatiyoM meM saMkramaNa karatA rahatA hai isaliye anitya evaM sahetuka bhI hai / 1. "puna ca paraM bhikkhave, bhikkhu, imameva kAyaM yathAThitaM yathApaNihitaM dhAtusopaccavekkhati-asthi imasmikAye pathavI dhAtu, ApodhAtu, tejo-. dhAtu, vAyudhAtu ti-suttapiTaka majji0 pAli bhAga 3, pR0 153

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( 62 ) AtmA ke nija svarUpa kA kathamapi nAza na hone kAraNa vaha nitya aura ahetuka bhI hai| aisA mAnane meM karttA ko kriyA kA sukha va duHkhAdirUpa phala bhI prApta hogA evaM bandha-mokSAdi vyavasthA kI upapatti bhI ho jAyegI / sAMkhyAdimata nissAratA evaM phala zruti' - sAMkhyAdi dArzanikoM dvArA pratipAdita mukti upAya kI AlocanA karate huye zAstrakAra kA mata hai ki paMcabhUtAtmavAdI se lekara cAturdhAtukavAdI paryanta sabhI darzana sabako sarvaduHkhoM se mukti kA AzvAsana dete haiM / prazna yaha hai ki kyA unake dArzanika mantavyoM ko svIkAra kara lenA hI duHkhamukti kA yathArtha mArga hai ? kadAcit nahIM / balki mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra evaM tapa dvArA karma - kSaya kara karmabandha ke kAraNoM - mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya, pramAda evaM yoga se dUra rahanA hI sarvaduHkha-mukti kA mArga hai / uparokta matavAdI svayaM duHkhoM se AvRtta haiM kyoMki ve saMdhi ko jAne binA kriyA meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa dharma-tattva se anabhijJa rahate haiM / jaba taka jIvana meM karmabandha kA kAraNa rahegA taba taka manuSya cAhe parvata para calA jAye yA kahIM rahe vaha janma-mRtyu, jarA-vyAdhi, garbhavAsarUpa saMsAracakra paribhramaNa ke mahAduHkhoM kA sarvathA uccheda nahIM kara sakatA / aise jIva U~ca-nIca gatiyoM meM bhaTakate rahate haiM kyoMki eka to ve svayaM ukta mithyAvAdoM ke kadAgraharUpa mithyAtva se grasta haiM, dUsare hajAroM janasamudAya ke samakSa mukti kA pralobhana dekara unheM mithyA va viSa kA pAna karAte haiM / 2 niyativAda - niyativAda AjIvakoM kA siddhAnta hai / maMkhaliputtagozAlaka niyativAda evaM AjIvaka sampradAya kA pravartaka thA / 1. sUtrakRtAMga - 1 / 1 / 19-27 2. teNAvimaM saMdhi NaccA NaM Na te dhammaviu jaNA / je tu vAigo evaM Na te ohaMtarA''hiyA | vahI 1 / 1 / 20 3. sUtrakRtAMga, zIlAMka vRtti 28 4. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/28 - 31, gommaTasAra karmakaNDa - 892 ( prakA0 paramazrata prabhAvaka jaina maNDala bambaI, vI0ni0saM0 2453)

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sUtrakRtAMga ke prathamazrutaskandha meM gozAlaka yA AjIvaka kA nAmollekha nahIM hai, parantu upAsakadazAMga ke sAtaveM adhyayana ke saddAlaputra evaM kuNGakoliya prakaraNa meM gozAlaka aura usake mata kA spaSTa ullekha hai / isa matAnusAra utthAna, karmabala, vIrya, puruSArtha Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai / saba bhAva sadA se niyata hai / bauddhagraMtha dIghanikAya, saMyuktanikAya Adi meM tathA jainAgama sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, aupapAtika Adi meM bhI AjIvaka matapravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka kA varNana upalabdha hai| niyativAdI jagat meM sabhI jIvoM kA pRthaka va svatantra astitva mAnate haiN| parantu AtmA ko pRthaka-pRthaka mAnane para jIva svakRta karmabaMdha se prApta sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoga nahIM kara sakegA aura na hI sukha-dukha bhogane ke liye anya zarIra, gati tathA yoni meM saMkramaNa kara sakegA / zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kahA gayA hai ki cUki saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sva-sva niyata svarUpa se utpanna hote haiM ataH ye sabhI padArtha niyati se niyamita hote haiM / yaha samasta carAcara jagat niyati se baMdhA huA hai| jise, jisase, jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai, vaha usase, usI samaya, usI rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra abAdhita pramANa se siddha isa niyati kI gati ko kauna roka sakatA hai? kauna isakA khaMDana kara sakatA hai ? niyativAdI kAla, svabhAva, karma aura puruSArtha Adi ke virodha kA bhI yuktipUrvaka nirAkaraNa karatA hai| niyativAdI eka hI kAla meM do puruSoM dvArA sampanna eka hI kArya meM saphalatA-asaphalatA, sukha-duHkha kA mUla niyati ko hI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra niyati hI samasta jAgatika padArthoM kA kAraNa hai| sUtrakRtAMgakAra ukta mata kA khaNDana karate huye kahate haiM ki niyativAdI yaha nahIM jAnate ki sukha-duHkhAdi sabhI niyatikRta nahIM hote| kucha sukha dukha niyatikRta hote haiM, kyoMki una-una sukha-duHkhoM ke kAraNarUpa karma kA abAdhA kAla samApta hone para avazya udaya hotA hI hai, 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 138 2. niyatenaiva bhAveNa sarvebhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hyate tatsvarUpAnubedhataH // zAstravArtAsamuccaya 2061

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jaise-nikAcita karma' kA, parantu aneka sukha-dukha puruSa ke udyoga, kAla, svabhAva aura karma dvArA kiye huye hote haiM aura niyata nahIM hote / ataH kevala niyati hI samasta vastuoM kA kAraNa hai, aisA mAnanA kathamapi yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kAla, svabhAva, adRSTa, niyati aura paruSArtha ye pAMcoM kAraNa pratyeka kArya yA sukhAdi meM paraspara sApekSa siddha hote haiM, ata. ekAnta rUpa meM kevala niyati ko mAnanA sarvathA doSayukta hai| ajJAnavAda svarUpa---zAstrakAra ekAntavAdI, maMzayavAdI tathA ajJAnamithyAtvagrasta anya darzanikoM ko vanyamRga kI saMjJA dete huye evaM anekAntavAda ke pariprekSya meM unake siddhAntoM kI samIkSA karate huye kahate haiM ki ekAntavAdI, ajJAnamithyAtvayukta anArya zramaNa samyagjJAna, darzana va cAritra se pUrNataH rahita haiN| ve samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra, ahiMsA, satya, anekAnta, aparigraha Adi sandarbho se zaMkAvula hokara unase dUra bhAgate haiN| saddharmaprarUpaka vItarAga ke sAnnidhya se katarAte haiM / saddharmaprarUpaka zAstroM para zaMkA karate huye ve hiMsA, asatya, mithyAtva ekAntavAda yA viSaya kaSAyAdi se yukta adharma prarUpaNA ko niHzaMka hokara grahaNa karate haiM tathA adharma prarUpakoM kI sthApanA karate haiN| yajJa aura pazubalijanita ghora hiMsA kI dezanA vAle zAstroM ko jinameM kAmanAyukta karmakANDoM kA vidhAna hai, hiMsA-janaka kAryoM kI preraNA hai, niHzaMka bhAva se svIkAra karate haiN| ghora pApakarma meM Abaddha aise loga isa janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM bAra-bAra AvAgamana karate rahate haiN| ajJAnagrasta evaM sanmArga-abhijJa aise ajJAnavAdiyoM ke saMsarga meM Ane vAle dizAmUr3ha haiM evaM duHkha ko prApta hoNge| saMjaya veTTaliputta ke anusAra tattva viSayaka ajJeyatA yA anizcitatA hI ajJAnavAda kI AdhArazilA hai / 1. karma kA jisa rUpa meM bandha huA usako usI rUpa meM bhoganA arthAt udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA avasthAoM kA na honA nikAcita karmAvasthA kahalAtI hai| gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 440 2. satrakatAMgasUtra 12 / 33-50 3. jAviNo migA jahAsattA paritANeNa tajjiyA, asaMkiyAi saMkaMti saMkiyAI asaMkiNoM / vahI, 12 / 33 4. vahI, pR0 51 .

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__ ajJAnavAdiyoM ke sandarbha meM do prakAra ke mata milate haiM -eka to ve ajJAnavAdI haiM jo svayaM ke alpamithyAjJAna se garvonmatta samasta jJAna ko apanI virAsata mAnate haiM, jabaki yathArthataH unakA jJAna kevala pallavagrAhI hotA hai| ye tathAkathita zAstrajJAnI vItarAga sarvajJa kI anekAntarUpa tattvajJAna se yukta, sApekSavAda se ota prota vANI ko galata samajhakara evaM use saMzayavAda kI saMjJA dekara ThukarA dete haiN|' dUsare ajJAnavAdI ajJAna ko hI zreyaskara mAnate haiN| unake mata meM jJAnAbhAva meM ve vAda-vivAda,vitaNDA,saMgharSa, kalaha, ahaMkAra, kaSAya Adi ke prapaJca se bace rheNge| ve mana meM rAgadveSAdi utpanna na hone dene kA sabase sarala upAya jJAna-pravatti ko chor3akara ajJAna meM hI lIna rahanA mAnate haiN| ajJAna ko zreyaskara mAnane vAle ajJAnavAdI sabhI yathArtha jJAnoM se dUra rahanA cAhate haiM-sabate bhale mUr3ha, jinheM na vyApa jagata gati / kriyAvAda yA karmopacaya niSedhavAda --bauddha darzana ko sAmAnyatayA akriyAvAdI darzana kahA gayA hai| bauddha grantha aMguttaranikAya ke tRtIya bhAga-aTThaka nipAta ke siMhasutta meM tathA vinayapiTaka ke mahAvagga kI siMhasenApativatthu meM buddha ke akriyAvAdI hone ke ullekha haiM / sUtrakRtAMga ke bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana meM sUtra 535 kI cUNi evaM vRtti meM bauddhoM ko kahIM akriyAvAdI evaM kahIM kriyAvAdI-donoM kahA gayA hai, kintu isa virodha kA parihAra karate huye kahA gayA hai ki yaha apekSA bheda se hai| kriyAvAdI kevala caitya karma kiye jAne vAle (cittavizuddhipUrvaka) kisI bhI karma Adi kriyA ko pradhAna rUpa se mokSa kA aMga mAnate haiN| bauddha citta zuddhipUrvaka sampanna prabhUta hiMsA yukta kriyA ko evaM ajJAnAdi se kiye gaye nimna cAra prakAra ke karmoM 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, pR0 33 2. vahI 112 / 51-56 3 ahaM hi sIha / akiriyaM vadAmi kApaduccaritasma vacIduccaritasya, mano duccaritasya aneka vihitAnAM pApakAnaM akusalAnaM akiriyaM vadAmi / suttapiTake aMguttara nikAya, pAli bhAga 3, aTThakanipAta pR0 293-96

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pacaya ko bandha kA kAraNa nahIM mAnate aura karmacintA se pare . (i) parijJopacita karma-jAnate huye bhI kopAdi yA krodhavaza zarIra se akRta kevala mana se ciMtita hiMsAdi karma / (ii) avijJopacita karma : --ajJAnavaza zarIra se sampanna hiMsAdi karma / (iii) iryApatha karma-mArga meM jAte samaya anabhisaMdhi se hone vAlA hiMsAdi karma / (iv) svapnAntika karma-svapna meM hone vAle hiMsAdi karma / - bauddhoM ke anusAra aise karmoM se puruSa spRSTa hotA hai, baddha nahIM, kyoMki ye cAroM karma sparza ke bAda hI naSTa ho jAte haiN| isIliye bauddha ina karmagranthiyoM se nizcinta hokara kriyAe~ karate haiN|' bauddha rAgadveSa rahita buddhipUrvaka yA vizuddha mana se huye zArIrika prANAtipAta ko bhAvavizuddhi hone ke kAraNa karmopacaya nahIM mAnate / 2 bauddhagrantha suttapiTaka ke khuddakanikAya bAlovAda jAtaka meM buddha kahate bhI haiM kivipatti ke samaya pitA dvArA putra kA vadha kara svayaM usakA bhakSaNa tathA medhAvI bhikSu dvArA ukta mAMzAsana pApakarma kA kAraNa nahIM hai / __ sUtrakAra bauddhoM ke tarka ko asaMgata mAnate haiM kyoMki rAga-dveSAdi se yukta citta vinA mArane kI kriyA ho hI nahIM sktii| maiM putra ko mAratA hU~ aise cittapariNAma ko kathamapi bhI asaMkliSTa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ___ ataH karmopacaya niSedhavAdI bauddha karmacintA se rahita hai tathA saMyama evaM saMvara ke vicAra se kisI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hote, aisA zAstrakAra kA bauddhoM para AkSepa hai| 1. sUtrakatAMgacUrNi mU0 pA0 Ti0-pR0 9 2. puttaM pitA samAraMbha AhAraTTha asaMjaye / bhujamANo vi mehAvI kammuNA No va lippate / / / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1:2155 3. sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMkavRtti patrAMka 37-40

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paravAdI nirasana' - indriyasukhopabhoga evaM svasiddhAnta ko sarvopari mAnane vAle dArzanika matavAdoM kI granthakAra bhartsanA karate hue kahate haiM ki ye ekAnta darzanoM, dRSTiyoM, vAdoM ko satya mAnakara unakI zaraNa lekara evaM karmabaMdhoM se nizcinta hokara evaM pApa karmoM meM Asakta ho AcaraNa karate haiM / inakI gati saMsAra-sAgara pAra hone kI AzA meM mithyAtva, avirati Adi chidroM ke kAraNa karmajala pravRSTa ho jAne vAlI mithyAdRSTiyuktimata naukA meM ArUr3ha matamohAndha vyakti kI hotI hai, jo bIca meM hI DUba jAte haiM 2 arthAt mithyAtva yuktimata sachidra naukA ke samAna hai aura isakA AcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti janmAndha ke samAna hai| __ AdhAkarmadoSa -sUtrakRtAMga kI 60 se 63 taka. kI gAthAeM nirgrantha AhAra se sambaddha haiN| zramaNAhAra ke prasaMga meM isameM AdhAkarmadoSa se duSita AhAra sevana se hAni evaM AhArasevI kI durdazA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yadi sAdhu kA AhAra AdhAkarmadoSa se dUSita hogA to vaha hiMsA kA bhAgI to hogA hI, sAtha hI usake vicAra, saMskAra evaM usakA antaHkaraNa nirbala ho jaayegaa| dUSita AhAra se sAdhu ke sukhazIla, kaSAyayukta evaM pramAdI bana jAne kA khatarA hai| AdhA karmI AhAra-grAhI sAdhu gAr3ha karmabandhana ke phalasvarUpa naraka, tiryaJca Adi yoniyoM meM jAkara duHkha bhogate haiM / unakI durdazA vaisI hI hotI hai jaise-bAr3ha ke jala ke prabhAva se prakSipta sUkhe va gIle sthAna para pahu~cI huI vaizAlika matsya ko mAMsArthI DaMka va kaMka (kramazaH cIla va giddha) pakSI satA-satAkara duHkha pahu~cAte haiN| vartamAna sukha ke abhilASI kaI zramaNa vaizAlika matsya ke samAna anantabAra duHkha va vinAza ko prApta hote haiN| 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 2 / 57-59 2. sUtrakRtAMga amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA, pR0 192-96 3. suutrkRtaaNg-1|3|60-63 4. udagassa'ppabhAveNaM sukkaMmi ghAtamiti u / DhaMkehi va kaMkehi ya Amisatthehi te duhI / / vahI, 113162

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( 18 ) jagatkatattvAda'--sUtrakRtAMga meM jagat kI racanA ke sandarbha ajJAnavAdiyoM ke pramukha sAta matoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai (i) kisI deva dvArA kRta, saMrakSita evaM boyA huaa| (ii) brahmA dvArA racita, rakSita yA utpanna / (iii) Izvara dvArA racita / (iv) yaha loka prakRti-kRta hai| (v) svayaMbhUkRta loka / (vi) yamarAja ( mAra yA mRtyu ) racita, jagat mAyA hai, ata: ' anitya hai| (vii) loka aNDe se utpanna hai| zAstrakAra kI dRSTi meM ye samasta jagatakartRtvavAdI parAmarza se anabhijJa, mRSAvAdI evaM svayuktiyoM ke AdhAra para avinAzI jagata ko vinAzI, ekAnta va anitya batAne vAle haiN| vAstava meM loka yA jagata kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA kyoMki dravya rUpa se yaha sadaiva sthira rahatA hai| yaha loka atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM rhegaa| yaha sarvathA ayuktiyukta mAnyatA hai ki kisI deva, brahmA, Izvara, prakRti, viSNu yA ziva ne sRSTi kI racanA kI, kyoMki yadi kRta hotA to sadaiva nAzavAna hotA parantu loka ekAntataH aisA nahIM hai / aisA koI pramANa nahIM hai jisase apane-apane mAnya ArAdhya dvArA loka kA kartRttva siddha kara skeN| Izvara kartRtvavAdiyoM ne ghaTarUpa kArya ke kartA kumhAra kI taraha Izvara ko jagat kA kartA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai parantu loka dravyarUpa se nitya hone ke kAraNa kArya hai hI nahIM / paryAya rUpa se anitya hai parantu kArya kA kartA ke sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai / jIva va ajIva anAdikAla se svabhAva meM sthita haiN| ve na kabhI naSTa hote haiM na hI vinAza ko prApta hote haiMunameM mAtra avasthAoM kA parivartana hotA hai / svakRta azubha anuSThAna yA karma se duHkha evaM zuddha dharmAnuSThAna se bhI sukha kI utpatti hotI hai, 1. suutrkRtaaNgsuutr-1|3|14-69 2. vahI pR0 67

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( 69 ) dUsarA koI deva, brahmA, viSNu Adi kisI ko sukha-duHkha se yukta nahIM kara sktaa|' - avatAravAda-niyativAda kI bhA~ti avatAravAda mata bhI AjIvakoM kA hai / samavAyAMgavRtti aura sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke chaThe adhyayana meM trairAzikoM ko AjIvaka yA gozAlaka matAnusArI batAyA gayA hai, ye AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ mAnate haiM(i) rAgadveSa rahita karmabandhana se yukta pApa sahita azuddha AtmA kI avasthA / (ii) azuddha avasthA se mukti hetu zuddha AcaraNa dvArA zuddha niSpApa avasthA prApta karanA tadanusAra mukti meM pahu~ca jaanaa| (iii) zuddha niSpApa AtmA krIr3A, rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa usI prakAra punaH karmaraja se lipta ho jAtA hai jaise-maTamaile jala ko phiTakarI Adi se svaccha kara liyA jAtA hai, parantu A~dhItUphAna se ur3AI gayI reta va miTTI ke kAraNa vaha punaH malina ho jAtA hai| isa taraha AtmA mukti prApta kara bhI krIr3A aura pradoSa ke kAraNa saMsAra meM avatarita hotA hai| vaha apane dharmazAsana kI punaH pratiSThA karane ke lie rajoguNa yukta hokara avatAra letA hai| yahI tathya gItA meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne arjuna ko upadeza dete hue kahA hai-he bhArata ! jaba-jaba dharma kI hAni aura adharma kI vRddhi hotI hai, taba-taba maiM hI apane rUpa ko racatA hU~, sAdhu puruSoM kI rakSA tathA pApakarma karane vAloM 1. (i) na kartRttvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhuH / na karmaphalasaMyogaM svabhAvastu pravartate / / gItA 5 / 14 (ii) gItA zAM0 bhA0 5 / 14 2. suutrkRtaaNgsuutr--1|3|70-71 / 3. iha saMvuDe muNI jAye pacchA hoti apaavye| viyarDa va jahA bhujjo nIrayaM sarayaM tahA // suutrkRtaaNgsuutr-1|3|71 4. sa mokSa prApto'pi bhUtvA kIlAvaNappadoseNa rajasA avatArate / sUyagaDaM cUNi mU0 pA0 TippaNa pR0 12

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( 70 ) kA vinAza evaM dharma kI acchI taraha se sthApanA karane ke liye maiM yuga-yuga meM prakaTa huA karatA huuN|' sva-sva pravAda prazaMsA evaM siddhi kA dAvA-sUtrakAra ke anusAra jagatkartRttvavAdI AjIvaka kArya-kAraNa vihIna evaM yuktirahita apane hI matavAda kI prazaMsA karate haiN| ve siddhivAdI svakalpita siddhi ko hI kendra mAnakara usI se ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika siddhi ko siddha karane ke liye yuktiyoM kI khIMcatAna karate haiN| parantu jo dArzanika mAtra jJAna yA kriyA se aSTabhautika aizvarya, anya laukika evaM yaugika upalabdhiyoM se mukti mAnate haiM ve sacce artha meM saMvRtta nahIM haiN| bastutaH ve svayaM ko siddhi se bhI utkRSTa jJAnI, muktidAtA va tapasvI kahakara aneka bhole logoM ko bhramita karate haiN| phalataH ye matavAdI ina tIna duSphaloM ko prApta karate haiM-(i) anAdi saMsAra meM bAra-bAra paribhramaNa, (ii) dIrghakAla paryanta bhavanapati deva (asura) yoni meM evaM (iii) alpa Rddhi, Ayu tathA zakti se yukta adhama kilviSita deva ke rUpa meM utptti| munidharmopadeza - sUtrakRtAMga kI 76 se 79 taka kI gAthAoM meM zAstrakAra ne nirgrantha hetu saMyama, dharma evaM svakarttavya bodha kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai(i) pUrvasambandha tyAgI, anyayUthika sAdhu, gRhastha ko samArambha yukta kRtyoM kA upadeza dene ke kAraNa zaraNa grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| (ii) vidvAn muni unheM jAnakara unase Asakti janaka saMsarga na rkheN| 1. (i) yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArat / . abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham // gItA 411.7 (ii) vahI 48 2. suutrkRtaaNgsuutr-1|3|72-75 3. vhii-1|4|76-79

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( 71 ) (iii) parigraha evaM hiMsA se mokSa prApti mAnane vAle pravajjA dhAriyoM kA saMsarga chor3akara niSparigrahI, nirArambhI mahA tmAoM kI zaraNa meM jaayeN| (iv) AhAra sambandhI grAsaiSaNA, grahaNaSaNA, paribhogaiSaNA, Asakti rahita evaM rAga-dveSa mukta hokara kreN| lokavAda samIkSA :--lokavAdiyoM kA tAtparya paurANika matavAdiyoM se hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM paurANikoM kA bahuta jora thaa| loga paurANikoM ko sarvajJa mAnate the, unase Agama-nigama, lokaparaloka ke rahasya, prANI ke maraNottara dazA kI athavA pratyakSa dRzyamAna loka kI utpatti, sthiti va pralaya kI bahata carcAe~ karate the / / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM pUraNakAzyapa, makkhaligozAla, ajitakezakambala, pakuddhakAtyAyana, gautamabuddha, saMjayaveTaliputta evaM kaI tIrthaMkara the jo sarvajJa kahe jAte the| zAstrakAra ne ina matavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta para nimna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai-(i) lokavAda kitanA heya va upAdeya hai, (ii) yaha loka ananta, nitya evaM zAzvata hai yA avinAzI hai yA antavAna kintu nitya hai| (iii) kyA paurANiko Adi kA avatAra lokavAdI hai evaM (iv) trasa, trasa yoni meM ho aura sthAvara, sthAvara yoni meM hI saMkramaNa karate haiM / lokavAdI mAnyatA kA khaNDana___ lokavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA ki loka ananta, nitya, zAzvata evaM avinAzI hai kA khaNDana karate hue jainadArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi lokagata padArthoM ko utpatti (vinAza rahita sthira) kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM to yaha pratyakSa viruddha hai, kyoMki isa jagat meM jar3a-cetana koI bhI aisA padArtha nahIM hai jo pratikSaNa parivartanazIla na ho, paryAya rUpa se vaha sadaiva utpanna va vinaSTa hote dIkhatA hai| ataH lokagata padArtha sarvathA kUTastha nitya nahIM ho skte| dUsare lokavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA sarvathA ayukta hai ki trasa sadaiva trasa padArtha meM utpanna hotA hai. 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 4 / 80-83 2. vahI pR0 92 3. vahI

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( 72 ) puruSa, maraNoparAnta puruSa evaM strI maraNoparAnta strI hI hotI hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sthAvara jIva trasa ke rUpa meM aura trasa jIva sthAvara ke rUpa meM athavA saMsArI jIva sabhI yoniyoM meM utpanna ho sakate haiN| ajJAnI jIva apane-apane karmoM se pRthak-pRthak rUpa racate haiN| yadi lokavAda ko satya mAnA jAya ki jo isa jagat meM jaisA hai, vaha usa janma meM vaisA hI hogA, to dAna ayayana, japa-tapa, samasta anuSThAna vyartha ho jAyeMge phira bhalA kyoM koI dAna karegA yA yama-niyamAdi kI sAdhanA kregaa| ___ ahiMsAdharma-nirUpaNa' -ahiMsA ko yadi jaina dharma darzana kA merudaNDa kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isalie jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| sUtrakAra ne bhI kucha sUtroM meM ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| saMsAra ke samasta prANI ahiMsya haiM, kyoMki(i) isa dRzyamAna trasa-sthAvara rUpa jagat kI mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRttiyA~ athavA bAla yauvana, vRddhatva Adi avasthAeM sthUla haiM, pratyakSa haiN| (ii) sthAvara-jaMgama sabhI prANiyoM kI paryAya avasthAe~ sadA eka sI nahIM rhtii| (iii) sabhI prANI zArIrika, mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita haiM arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkha apriya hai| 1. AcArAMga 1 zru0 9 a0 1 gAthA 54 (mUlaanuvAda vivecana TippaNa yukta) saM0-madhukara muni anu0-zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa', Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara rAjasthAna / 2. sUtrakRtAMga suutr-1|4|84-85 urAlaM jagao joyaM viparIyAsaM paleti ya / samve akkaMta dukkhA ya ato savve ahiMsiyA // etaM khu NANiNo sAraM jaM na hiMsati kiMcaNa / mahisA samayaM ceva etAvaMtaM viyANiyA / /

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( 73 ) uparokta mata para zaMkA vyakta karate hae kucha matavAdI AtmA meM koI parivartana nahIM mAnate, AtmA kI bAlyAdi avasthAeM nahIM hotI na hI sukha-duHkha hote haiM isalie kisI jIva kA badha karane se yA pIr3A dene se koI hiMsA nahIM hotii| zAstrakAra ukta mata ko asaMgata batAte haiM kyoMki samasta prANiyoM kI vividha ceSTAyeM tathA bAlyAdi avasthAeM pratyakSa haiM, prANimAtra maraNadharmA hai / eka zarIra naSTa hone para svakarmAnusAra manuSya tiryaJcanarakAdi yoniyoM meM paribhramita hotA hai evaM eka paryAya se dUsare paryAya meM badalane para jarA, mRtyu, zArIrika-mAnasika ciMtA, saMtApa Adi nAnA du kha bhogatA hai jo prANiyoM ko sarvathA apriya hai / isalie svAbhAvika hai ki jaba koI kisI prANI ko satAyegA, pIr3A pahu~cAyegA, prANoM se rahita kara degA to use duHkhAnubhava avazya hogA isIlie zAstrakAra ne inhIM tIna sthUla kAraNoM ko prastuta kara kisI bhI prANI ko hiMsA na karane ko kahA haiN| cAritra-zuddhi ke lie upadeza' prathama adhyayana ke aMtima tIna sUtroM meM karmabaMdhanoM ko tor3ane ke liye cAritra-zuddhi kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / vAstava meM jJAna-darzana, cAritra athavA triratna samanvita rUpa meM mokSa-mArga ke avarodhaka karmabaMdhanoM se chuTakArA pAne kA ekamAtra upAya hai / hiMsAdi pAMca AsravoM se avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura mana, vacana, kAya rUpI yoga kA durupayoga ye cAritra doSa ke kAraNa haiM aura karmabandhana ke bhI kAraNa haiN| cAritra-zuddhi se Atmazuddhi hotI hai umAsvAti evaM unake tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAroM ne (1) gupti, (2) samiti, (3) dharma, (4) anuprekSA, (5) parISahajaya, (6) cAritra va (7) tapa ko saMvara kA kAraNa mAnA hai| isI prakAra cAritra zuddhi ke pariprekSya meM dasa viveka sUtroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai jo tIna gAthAoM meM isa prakAra antanihita 1. sUtrakRtAMga 12086-87-88 / 2. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 3 /

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( 74 ) (1) sAdhaka dasa prakAra kI samAcArI meM sthita rhe| (2) usakI AhAra Adi meM gRddhaAsakti na rhe| (3) apramatta hokara apanI AtmA kA yA ratnatraya kA saMrakSaNa kre| (4) gamanAgamana, Asana, zayana, khAnapAna meM viveka rakhe / (5) pUrvokta tInoM sthAnoM, samitiyoM athavA inake mana, vacana, kAya gupti rUpI tIna sthAnoM meM muni satata saMyata rhe| ..(6) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM kA parityAga kre| (7) sadA paMcasamiti (iryAsamiti, bhASAsamiti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnanikSepa samiti aura utsarga samiti) se yukta athavA sadA samabhAva se pravRtta hokara rhe| (8) prANAtipAtAdi viramaNa rUpa paMcamahAvrata rUpa saMvaroM se yukta rhe| (9) bhikSAzIla sAdhu gArhasthya baMdhanoM se baMdhe hue gRhasthoM se Asakti pUrvaka baMdhA huA na rahe / ___ (10) mokSa prApta hone taka saMyamAnuSThAna meM pragati kare evaM aDiga rahe / cU~ki cAritra karmAsrava ke nirodha kA, parama saMvara kA evaM mokSamArga kA sAkSAt aura pradhAna kAraNa hai isalie sUtrakAra ne cAritrazuddhi ke liye upadeza diyA hai / ___isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga (prathama adhyayana ke prathama se lekara cauthe uddezaka taka) meM bhAratIya darzana meM varNita prAyaH sabhI matavAdoM kA kuzala samAveza kara unakI mImAMsA kI gaI hai / aisA koI matavAda nahIM hai jise sUtrakAra kI painI dRSTi ne sparza na kiyA ho| yadyapi sUtrakAra ne kisI bhI sampradAya vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai, kevala unake dArzanika mantavyoM ko hI AdhAra mAnakara svapakSamaNDana va parapakSa nirasana kiyA hai, phira bhI vaha apane uddezya meM sarvathA saphala rahA hai / sampradAyoM kA spaSTanAmollekha na milane kA kAraNa bahuta kucha sImA taka una-una matavAdoM kA usa samaya taka pUrNarUpeNa vikasita na honA mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAda ke TIkAkAroM

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( 75 ) va niyuktikAroM ne ina dArzanika mantavyoM kA sampradAya vizeSa sahita ullekha kiyA hai| / jahAM taka isameM antarnihita dArzanika vivecanA kA prazna hai, sUtrakAra ne jina matavAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unheM apane anekAntavAda va karmavAda pravaNa ahiMsA kI kasauTI para kasate hue yahI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki cAhe vaha vaidika darzana kA kUTastha AtmavAda ho, bauddhoM kA kSaNikavAda, lokAyatoM kA bhautikavAda ho, sAMkhyoM kA akartAvAda ho yA niyativAdiyoM kA niyativAda ho-koI bhI darzana hamAre satata anubhava vyaktitva kI ekatA evaM hamAre cetanAmaya jIvana kI jo satata parivartanazIla hai, sampUrNa dRSTi se samucita vyAkhyA nahIM kara pAtA / yaha jainadarzana kI anekAntavAdI dRSTi hI hai jo ekAntazAzvatavAda evaM ekAnta-ucchedavAda ke madhya Anubhavika stara para eka yathArtha samanvaya prastuta kara sakatI hai tathA naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kI tarkasaMgata vyAkhyA kara sakatI hai|

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pArzvanAtha janmabhUmi maMdira, vArANasI kA purAtattvIya vaibhava ( utkhanana meM upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para ) pro0 0 sAgaramala jainaH 1 jaina paramparA meM kAzI janapada aura usako rAjadhAnI vArANasI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki isa nagara meM cAra tIrthaGkaroM - supArzva, candraprabha, zreyAMsa aura pArzva kA janma huA thA / inameM se prathama tIna to prAgaitihAsika kAla ke aura pArzva aitihAsika yuga ke mAne jAte haiN| unakA kAla lagabhaga I0 pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / jaina Agama aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha kI janma kalyANaka bhUmi ke rUpa meM vArANasI nagarI kA ullekha hai / purAtAttvika anveSaNa evaM zodha ke AdhAra para I0 pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI meM vArANasI nagarI kA astitva pramANita hai, ataH ise pArzva kI janmasthalI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane meM purAtAttvika dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM hai / aba hamAre sAmane mukhya prazna yaha hai ki kyA yahA~ pArzva kI janmabhUmi para kisI smAraka maMdira Adi kA nirmANa huA ? aura yadi huA to kaba huA ? isa praznake uttara ke lie jaina sAhitya aura yahA~ se upalabdha purAtAttvika sAkSyoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai / jaina Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM vArANasI nagarI kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha hai / prajJApanA meM kAzI kI eka janapada ke rUpa meM gaNanA karate hue vArANasI ko usakI rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai / jaina granthoM meM kAzI kI sImA isa prakAra nirdhArita kI gayI hai - pUrva meM magadha, pazcima meM vatsa, uttara meM videha aura dakSiNa meM kozala / bauddha granthoM meM kAzI ke uttara meM kozala janapada sthita batalAyA gayA hai /

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( 78 ) jJAtAdharmakathA ke anusAra vArANasI nagarI ke samIpa gaMgA nadI uttara-pUrva dizA meM bahatI hai / Aja bhI gaMgA nadI vArANasI nagarI ke samIra uttara-pUrva dizA meM bahatI hai / jJAtAdharmakathA meM eka mRta-gaMgAdraha kI carcA hai| - jJAtAdharmakathA ke atirikta uttarAdhyayanacUrNI meM bhI mRtagaMgA (mayaMga) kA ullekha hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki isa nagara ke samIpa gaMgA kI koI eka anya dhArA bhI thii| kintu Age calakara yaha dhArA kSINa hotI gaI aura mukhya dhArA se vichinne hokara usane aneka drahoM kA rUpa le liyA / jinameM varSA aura bAr3ha kA pAnI jamA ho jAtA hogaa| gaMgA kI isa mRtadhArA kI evaM usase nirmita draha kI sUcanA jaina sAhitya ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| vArANasI nagarI ke bhaugolika mAnacitra evaM TopogrAphI se pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM gaMgA kI eka dhArA vartamAna assI nAle kI ora se hotI huI durgAkuNDa, bhelUpura, revar3ItAlAba Adi kSetroM ko sparza karate hue naI sar3aka, beniyA ke rAste se hokara saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke nikaTa varuNA meM mila jAtI thii| Aja bhI bAr3ha athavA varSA meM ina kSetroM meM vizAla jalarAzi ekatra ho eka bRhad draha kA rUpa le letI hai| ina kSetroM meM Aja bhI kaI pakke sarovara haiM, saMbhavataH inakA nirmANa yahA~ ke AvAsIya prakSetroM ko ukta jala-jamAva kI samasyA se mukta rakhane ke uddezya se hI kiyA gayA hogaa| prAkRta zabda 'mayaMga' kA saMskRta rUpa 'mAtaMga' bhI ho sakatA hai, aisI sthiti meM mayaMgatIradahe kA artha hogA-gaMgA ke kinAre mAtaMgoM kI bastI ke nikaTa sthita tAlAba / saMbhava hai ki vartamAna harizcandra ghATa ke samIpa mAtaMgoM (cAMDAloM) kI bastI rahI ho aura usa bastI ke nikaTa vartamAna ravIndrapurI tAlAba ke rUpa meM rahI ho / uttarAdhyayanacUrNI meM usa draha ke samIpa mAtaMgoM kI bastI hone kI spaSTa rUpa se carcA hai| jaina AgamoM meM vArANasI kI bAhya upatyakAoM meM aneka udyAnoM evaM vana khaNDoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| kalpasUtra meM yahA~ke AzramapadaudyAna' kA, upAsakadazAGga aura Avazyaka niyukti meM koSThakavana kA,

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79 ) nirayAvalikA meM ambazAla vana kA, antakRddazA meM kAma mahAvana kA aura uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM tindukavana kA ullekha milatA hai| kucha varSoM pUrva taka ke mAnacitroM meM bhI vArANasI ke nikaTa bhadrezvara vana, harikezavana, Anandavana, azokavana, dhruvavana aura mahAvana hone ke nirdeza upalabdha haiN|10 isameM harikezavana aura kAmamahAvana ke nAma jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiN| ho sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM ullikhita vArANasI ke harikezabala nAmaka zvapAka mahAmuni ke nAma ke AdhAra para hI isa vana kA nAmakaraNa huA ho| isa vana kI sthiti vartamAna revar3ItAlAba ke nikaTa batalAyI gayI hai / yaha kSetra vartamAna bhelapura maMdira kA nikaTavartI hai| ho sakatA hai ki ye harikezabala pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoM aura yaha kSetra unakA nivAsa sthala yA sAdhanA sthala rahA ho| isI prakAra mahAvana sambhavataH antakRtaddazA meM ullikhita kAmamahAvana ho| aupapAtikasUtra11 se gaMgA ke kinAre basane vAle aneka prakAra ke tApasoM kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai| kintu ye saba Agamika ullekha vArANasI meM pArzvanAtha kI smRti meM sthApita kisI jinAlaya kI carcA ke sambandha meM mauna haiN| yadyapi tinduka-vRkSavAsI tindukayakSa ke eka yakSAyatana kA ullekha uttarAdhyayana cUNi meM hai 12 / vaTagohalI - pahAr3apura (baMgAla) se prApta I0 san 479 ke eka tAmrapatra meM kAzI ke paMcastUpAnvaya kA ullekha AyA hai|3 yaha pacastUpAnvaya jaina paramparA kA eka prasiddha upasampradAya rahA hai jo lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI taka astitvavAna thaa| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki paMcastUpAnvaya kA sambandha pAMca jaina stUpoM se hI rahA hogaa| kintu ye paJcastUpa kahA~ the, isakA koI sAhityika ullekha nahIM milatA hai / sambhava hai ki mathurA ke samAna vArANasIAdi kSetroM meM bhIpArzva kIsmRti meM stUpoM kA nirmANa huA ho aura unhIM stUpoM kI arcA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa isa sampradAya kA yaha nAmakaraNa huA hogaa| kintu vArANasI meM bhI jaina stUpa nirmita huye the? isake abhI taka koI bhI purAtAttvika saMketa nahIM mile haiN| jinaprabhasUrI dharmekSAstUpa kA varNana karate haiM kintu use ve bauddha stUpa hI mAnate haiM / 14 kintu aisA

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(80) vizvAsa avazya hotA hai ki sAranAtha sthita bauddha stUpa ke samAna hI yahA~ jaina stUpoM kA bhI nirmANa avazya huA hai| ho sakatA hai ki pArzvanAtha janma sthAna mandira ke sthala para pahale koI stupa rahA ho aura usake pazcAt 6-7vIM zatAbdI meM vahA~ mandira banA ho-kyoMki nIMva ke utkhanana meM kucha prAcIna IMToM ke Tukar3e mile haiN| 'kAzika paMcastUpanikAya' -- yaha nAma spaSTa rUpa se yaha saMketa karatA hai ki yahA~ jaina stUpa rahe hogeM, tathApi isa sambandha meM hameM abhI taka koI purAtAttvika yA sAhityika pramANa nahIM mile haiN| rAjaghATa ( vArANasI ) se upalabdha kucha prAcIna jaina pratimAeM vArANasI meM rAjaghATa ke utkhanana se kucha jaina pratimAyeM bhI milI haiM jo lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI haiN| unameM IsA kI lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pratimA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / yaha pratimA bhArata kalA bhavana (kramAMka-161) meM saMrakSita hai| rAjaghATa se hI prApta neminAtha kI mUrti bhI lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha pratimA bhI bhArata kalA bhavana meM saMrakSita hai| isI prakAra ajitanAtha kI 7vIM zatI kI eka pratimA jo vArANasI se hI prApta huI hai, Aja rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM saMrakSita hai| pArzvanAtha kI eka anya mUrti jo rAjaghATa se prApta huI thI, yaha 8vIM zatI kI hai aura rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM saMrakSita hai, kintu ye sabhI pratimAyeM vArANasI ke uttara-pUrvI chora rAjaghATa se milI haiN|14 / bhelUpura sthita pArzvanAtha janmasthAna maMdira vartamAna meM vArANasI aura usake nikaTavartI kSetroM meM choTe-bar3e 20 se adhika jaina maMdira haiM, kintu inameM koI bhI madira purAtAttvika dRSTi se 300 varSa se adhika prAcIna nahIM hai / vartamAna meM bhelapura meM jahA~ pArzvanAtha kA janmasthAna maMdira banA huA hai, usakI bhI aitihAsikatA evaM purAtAttvika mahattva ke sandarbha meM yahA~ nirmita ho rahe digambara jaina maMdira kI nIMva ke utkhanana ke pUrva hameM vizeSa kucha bhI jJAta nahIM thaa| kyoMki vartamAna zvetAmbara

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(81) aura digambara maMdiroM meM kucha jina pratimAoM ko chor3akara 17-18vIM zatI ke pUrva ke koI avazeSa upalabdha nahIM haiN| sAhityika sAkSyoM kI dRSTi se 14vIM zatAbdI meM jinaprabhasUri eka ora deva vArANasI meM sthita vizvanAtha maMdira meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke eka AyAga-paTTa hone kI sUcanA dete haiM to dUsarI ora ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki yahA~ dantakhAta tAlAba ke kinAre pAzvanAtha kA janmasthAna maMdira hai|5 jinaprabhasUri ne tAlAba ke kinAre jisa maMdira kI carcA kI hai vaha nizcita rUpa se bhelapura kSetra meM sthita pArzvanAtha kA janmasthAna maMdira hI hai| kyoMki kucha varSa pUrva taka bhI isake Asa-pAsa aneka vizAla tAlAba the, jo aba choTerUpa meM nAma mAtra ke raha gaye haiM, jaise-revar3I tAlAba, mAnasarovara aadi| ye gaMgA kI usI mRtadhArA ke avazeSa mAne jA jA sakate haiM jisakA ullekha hameM jJAtAdharmakathA meM milatA hai| abhI taka hama kalpapradIpa ke sAhityika pramANa se yaha kaha sakate the ki jinaprabhasUri ne pArzvanAtha ke jisa maMdira ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhelapura kA pArzvanAtha jaina maMdira hI rahA hogaa| kintu saubhAgya se hAla hI meM usa sthala se kucha aise purAtAttvika sAkSya upalabdha ho sake haiM, jinake AdhAra para jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita isa pArzvanAtha ke janmasthAna maMdira kI prAcInatA ko sunizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa kSetra kA jo bhelapura nAmakaraNa huA hai vaha bhI arthapUrNa hai| saMskRta koza meM bhelU' kA artha 'buddha' diyA gayA hai / 16 prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM jina yA tIrthaMkara ke lie 'buddha' zabda kA prayoga bhI pracuratA se huA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 18veM aura 36veM adhyAya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lie 'buddha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki pArzva se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hI isa kSetra ko bhelUpura (buddhapura) aisA nAma milA hogaa| bhelUpura pArzvanAtha maMdira ko prAcInatA kA prazna yahA~ jo zvetAmbara-digambara maMdira sthita haiM, ve 17vIM-18vIM zatI se prAcIna nahIM haiM / yadyapi digambara maMdira meM tIna-cAra pratimAoM

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( 82 ) ko chor3akara koI bhI 15vIM zatI se pUrva kI nahIM hai / unameM bhI eka bhavya pratimA candrAvatI se lAyI gayI hai| usa para vibhinna kAloM ke tIna lekha haiM tathA eka lekha meM 'candrAvatyAM' aisA ullekha hai| sAhityika sAkSyoM se aisI sUcanA milatI hai ki yaha pratimA candrAvatI ke prAcIna candramAdhava ke maMdira meM sthita thI / yadyapi digambara samAja dvArA pUrva maMdira ke sthAna para naye maMdira kA nirmANa ho rahA hai kintu zvetAmbara jinAlaya Aja bhI usI sthiti meM hai| janmasthAna ke ina maMdira ke svAmitva ko lekara lagabhaga do zatAbdiyoM se donoM sampradAyoM meM vivAda cala rahA thA, jisake kAraNa ina maMdiroM kA navanirmANa saMbhava nahIM ho pA rahA thaa| saMyoga se lagabhaga 3 varSa pUrva donoM sampradAyoM ne udAratA kA paricaya dekara vivAda ke kucha muddoM para lekhaka ke nirNaya ko mAnya karake isa vivAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA aura bhUmi, maMdira aura pratimAoM Adi kA vibhAjana kara liyaa| isake pazcAt digambara samAja ne apane kSetra meM vizAla dharmazAlA ke sAtha navIna maMdira banAne kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| saMyoga se navIna jinAlaya ke lie nIMva kI khudAI meM kucha aisI prAcIna jina mUrtiyA~ aura purAtAttvika mahattva kI sAmagrI prApta huI hai jo isa maMdira-sthala kI prAcInatA ko sunizcita karane meM atyanta sahAyaka hai / prApta sUcanAoM ke anusAra nIMva kI khudAI ke samaya pUrva-dakSiNa dizA meM jo sAmagrI upalabdha ho sakI hai, usakA sacitra vivaraNa yahAM prastuta hai| yaha hamArA durbhAgya hI hai ki maMdira nirmANa kI zIghratA meM usa sthala kI vaijJAnika dRSTi se samucita khudAI nahIM ho pAyI aura bahuta kucha sAmagrI bhUgarbha meM hI raha gyii| prAcIna mUlanAyaka pratimA .. nirmANAdhIna digambara maMdira kI dakSiNa dizA kI nIMva se pArzvanAtha kI eka khaNDita pratimA milI hai---yaha pratimA padmAsana meM sthita hai| pratimA kI pAdapITha meM sarpa kI kuNDalI hai aura vahI sarpa pArzvabhAga meM usa kuNDalI se valayAkAra meM Upara uThatA huA pratimA ke mastaka para saptaphaNoM kA chatra banAye hai / apane mUla AkAra meM yaha

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( 83 ) padmAsana pratimA lagabhaga 5 phuTa kI rahI hogI kintu vartamAna meM gardana ke UparI bhAga aura chatra ke TUTa jAne se isakI U~cAI 39 iMca aura caur3AI 31 iMca hai| pratimA atyanta bhavya aura suDaula rahI hai| sambhavataH prAcIna maMdira meM yahI mUlanAyaka kI pratimA rahI hai| pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI, pro0 avadha kizora nArAyaNa aura pro0 kRSNadeva ne isa pratimA ko lagabhaga 5vIM-6ThIM zatAbdI kA batAyA hai| (citra kramAMka-1) anya pratimAeM uparokta pratimA ke atirikta yahA~ se eka stambha kA zirobhAga bhI prApta huA hai / isake cAroM ora mahAvIra ( citra saM0 2) pArva ( citra saM0-3 ) RSabha ( citra saM0-4) aura sambhavataH ariSTanemi (citra saM0-5 ) kI pratimAeM haiN| ye pratimAe~ atyanta saumya haiN| inakI zailI ke AdhAra para ukta vidvAnoM ne inheM uttara kuSANa aura pUrva gupta kAla arthAt lagabhaga caturthaM zatI I0 san kA batalAyA hai| sabhI pratimAe~ 7 iMca caur3I aura lagabhaga 9 iMca U~cI haiN| eka anya pratimA jo lagabhaga U~cAI meM 22 iMca kI rahI hogI, khaNDita avasthA meM prApta huii| vartamAna meM dhar3a ke Upara kA bhAga anupalabdha hai| yaha pratimA bhI uttara guptakAla kI pratIta hotI hai / vartamAna meM avaziSTa bhAga 12 iMca hai| pratimA ke nIce aspaSTa mRga kA cihna hone se yaha pratimA zAntinAtha kI hogI, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai (citra saM0.6) parikara se yukta eka anya khaDgAsana pratimA bhI yahIM se prApta huI hai| isa pratimA ke caraNoM ke Asa-pAsa strI aura puruSa vaMdana kI mudrA meM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM cAra jina khaDgAsana meM haiN| zirobhAga ke Upara eka jina pratimA padmAsana meM hai| mukhamaNDala ke donoM ora hAthI utkIrNa haiN| isa pratimAphalaka kI U~cAI lagabhaga pAdapITha aura chatra sahita 2 phITa hai| mukhya pratimA 16 iMca U~cI aura atyanta sundara haiN| (citra saM0-7) vidvAnoM ne isa pratimA kA kAla lagabhaga 10vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| prApta abhilekha ina pratimAoM ke atirikta pArzvanAtha kI khaNDita phaNAvalI bhI

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(84 ) yahA~ se upalabdha hai jo 29 iMca kI hai ? phaNAvalI ke Upara kamaTha utkIrNa hai| eka stambha kA ziro bhAga bhI yahA~ se prApta huA hai, jo lekha yukta hai, lekha atyanta saMkSipta hai aura mAtra 6' x 3" meM khudA hai| pro0 kRSNadeva jI evaM DA0 TI0 pI0 varmA ne isa ke kucha aMza ko par3hA hai, tadnusAra "OM ( mahA ) rAja bhAjadeva . . . .kAritaM' aisA ullekha hai, zeSa aMza par3hA nahIM jA sakA hai| akSaroM kI banAvaTa ke AdhAra para lekha kI kAla sImA 9vIM--10vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| ( citra saM0 8) _ hamAre anurodha para pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda jI caube ne ise par3hane kA prayatna kiyA hai / unake anusAra lekha kA pATha nimna hai1. OM [mahArAja zrI bhAjadeva mani 3. Tra zrI kaccha ma (vI?) ... (laM?)kAritaM prastuta zilAlekha meM mahArAja zrI bhAjadeva kA ullekha hai, kintu yaha 'bhAjadeva pATha zuddha nahIM haiM, merI dRSTi meM ise bhojadeva honA caahie| yadyapi hama 'bhojadeva' aisA zuddha pATha mAneM to yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki vivecya 'mahArAja zrI bhojadeva' kauna the ? yaha sunizcita hai ki isa abhilekha kI lipi 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI kI hai| ataH ye bhojadeva vahI ho sakate haiM jinakA zAsana 9vIM..-10vIM zatAbdI meM vArANasI para rahA ho| isa saMdarbha meM maiMne sarvaprathama jaina srotoM se khoja karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| "Political History of Northern India from Jain Sourcess" meM mujhe bhoja nAmaka cAra rAjAoM kA ullekha upalabdha huaa| inameM se eka bhojadeva kA ullekha kAThiyAvADa AmaraNa zilAlekha (vi0 saM0 1233) meM milatA hai kintu ina bhojadeva kA kAla IsvIsan kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA utarArddha hai aura inakA zAsana kSetra kAThiyAvADa (paurASTra) hai / ataH kAla aura kSetra donoM hI dRSTi se inakA sambandha vArANasI ke isa abhilekha bhojadeva se nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadyapi inake putra ne sanmatisvAmI (sumati) nAmaka pAMcaveM tIrthaMkara kI upAsanA hetu eka bagIcA dAna diyA thA /

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dUsare bhoja dhArA nareza paramAra vaMzIya mujadeva ke bhatIje bhoja haiN| yadyapi ina bhoja kA aneka jaina AcAryoM se sambandha rahA hai aura jaina prabandhoM meM inakA vistRta ullekha bhI hai| inakA kAla IsvI san kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha hai| isI paramAravaMza meM eka anya bhoja bhI hue haiM kintu inakA kAla terahavIM zatAbdI kA utarArddha hai, paramAravaMzIya ina donoM-bhoja ( prathama ) aura bhoja (dvitIya ) kA vArANasI se koI sambandha thA, yaha jJAta nahIM hai| punaH isa lekha kI lipi kI AdhAra para anumAnita kAla se ina donoM kA kAla bhI paravartI hI hai| ___inake atirikta kannauja ke pratihAra vaMzIya rAjAoM meM eka bhojadeva kA ullekha milatA hai| ye pratihAroM kI avanti zAkhA ke vatsarAja ke uttarAdhikArI nAgabhaTTa (dvitIya) ke pautra evaM uttarAdhikArI the|" nAgabhaTTa (dvitIya) ne hI apanI rAjadhAnI avantI se kannauja sthAnAnta. rita kI thii| isa bhojadeva kA eka abhilekha devagar3ha (jhA~sI) ke jaina mandira se bhI prApta hai| vaha bhI isa abhilekha kI taraha eka stambha lekha hai / isake atirikta inakA hI eka prazasti lekha gvAliyara se bhI prApta hai / prabhAvakacaritra19 evaM prabandhakoza20 ke bappabhaTTisUriprabandha meM ina bhojadeva kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| bappabhaTTisUri dvArA kannauja (kAnyakubja) jAkara inheM jainadharma ke prati zraddhAvAna banAne ke bhI ullekha haiM / ina srotoM se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki bhelapura pArzvanAtha janmasthala sthita maMdira se prApta isa abhilekha meM ullekhita bhojadeva pratihAravaMzIya kAnyakubja ke rAjA bhojadeva hI haiN| donoM prabandhoM aura devagar3ha ke abhilekha (IsvIsan 862) se inakA rAjya kAla IsA kI 9vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha siddha hai / yahI isa maMdira ke jIrNoddhAra kA kAla hogaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vArANasI meM bhelapura sthita jinAlaya ke nIMva kI khudAI meM jo purAtAtvIka sAmagrI prApta huI hai vaha cauthI zatAbdI se lekara 10vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI hai| ye sabhI pratimAe~ aura stambha cunAra ke lAla patthara ke haiN| isa AdhAra para yahA~ caturtha zatAbdI meM bhI pArzvanAtha maMdira hone aura

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( 86 ) vibhinna kAloM meM usake jIrNoddhAra kI sUcanA milatI hai / anumAnataH prathama maMdira lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva nirmita huA hogA / Age usakI sAmagrI kA upayoga karate hue lagabhaga chaThIM zatAbdI meM koI maMdira banA hogA jisameM upalabdha mUlanAyaka kI pratimA pratiSThita kI gaI hogI / punaH 9vIM - 10vIM zatAbdI meM isa maMdira kA jIrNodvAra huA hogA / jinaprabhasUri ke kAla taka yahI maMdira rahA hogA / punaH mugala kAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga 17vI zatI meM purAne maMdira ke sthala para navIna maMdira kA nirmANa huA hogA / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki pArzvanAtha ke janmasthala para Aja se 1600 varSa pUrva bhI eka jinAlaya thA, jo IMTa aura patthara se nirmita thA aura apane Apa meM bhavya rahA hogA / prastuta lekha hetu upalabdha vividha sUcanAoM aura sahayoga ke lie maiM digambara jaina samAja ke variSTha kAryakartA bAbU RSabhadAsa jI, zrI munnI bAbU, zrI satIza kumAra jaina, brahmacArI paM0 zrI dhanyakumAra jI, maMdira ke pujArI tathA purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke kAla-nirNaya sambandhI carcA ke lie pro0 madhusUdana DhAko pro0 avadhakizora nArAyaNa, pro0 kRSNadeva, pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda caube tathA saMsthAna ke pUrva zodhachAtra DA0 mArutinandana tivArI aura apane zodha sahayogI DA0 ziva prasAda kA AbhArI hU~ / 1. Avazyakaniyukti, 382-84 2. kalpasUtra - 148 3. (a) teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNa vANArasI nAma nagarI hotthA, vannao / tIse NaM vANArasIeM nayarIe bahiyA uttarapuracchi meM disibhAge gaMgAe mahAnadIe mayaMgatIraddahe nAmaM dahe hotthA / (ba) uttarAdhyayanacUrNi adhyAya 12, pR0 355. 4. kalpasUtra, 153 5. upAsaka dazAMga, 3 / 124, 6. Avazyaka niyukti, 1302 7. nirayAvala, 3 / 3 -jJAtAdharmakathA 4.2

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SHORE RAMMAR PARAN * KEE RTER H 35 pArzvanAtha [ lagabhaga IsA kI 6 zatAbdI ] NIRIRAMIN SA tra BRE NA Jain Education in orary.org Books

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SOWERY SH ASTRESSESH RSE RAN RROR citra saM 3-pArzva 6 citra saM04erspa bhadeva

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ASAN 500 AGS PANA SANGA CARRIVERY / P citra saM0 5-sambhavataH ariSTanemi 5260580 392E31 5038ARESS SEX 3. * AND AR citra saM0 6- zAntinAtha

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S citra saM0-7 paMcatIrthI jina pratimA lagabhaga 10vI zatAbdI PARA NEta VRA

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( 87 ) 8. antakRtdazAMga, 6 / 16 9. uttarAdhyayana cUNi, adhyAya 12, pR0 202 10. dekheM-Varanasi through the Ages (yuga-yugoM meM kAzI) pR0 8 11. aupapAtika sUtra, 74 12. uttarAdhyayana cUNi, adhyAya 12, pR0 202 93. Epigraphia Indica Vol. XX (1929-30) P. 61-62 14. bhArata kalA bhavana (vArANasI) kA.jaina purAtattva-rutinaMdana tivArI, anekAMta, varSa 24, aMka 2, jUna 1971, pR0 51-58 15. vividhatIrthakalpa (kalpapradIpa)-vArANasInagarIkalpa 16. Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Monier Williams) P. 766 17. uttarAdhyayana, 18 / 24; 36 / 268 18. dekheM--Political History of Northern India--G.C. ___ Choudhary, P. 42-43 19. prabhAvakacaritra-bappabhaTTisUricaritam 620-766 20. prabandhakoza-bappabhaTTisUriprabandha pR0 41-46

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P-25 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana zodha prabandha-sAra -praveza bhAradvAja yaha grantha rAjazekharasUri dvArA I0 san 1349 meM racA gayA / isake uddharaNoM kA paravartI jaina-prabandhoM meM prayoga huA hai / solahavIM zatAbdI kA ballAlakRta bhojaprabandha bhI isakA sAkSya hai| prabandhakoza kA sarvaprathama upayoga 1856 meM e0ke0 phArbas mahodaya ne 'rAsamAlA' meM kiyA hai| isake bAda 19vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM likhI gayI hemacandrAcArya kI jIvanI meM buhalara mahodaya ne isakA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai| isakI prasiddhi se prerita hokara isake do gujarAtI bhASAntara kiye gaye ---eka maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI dvArA aura dUsarA hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA dvArA / 1921 meM hemacandrasabhA, pATana se aura 1931 meM jAmanagara se isake saMskaraNa nikAle gaye / muni jinavijaya ne 1935 meM siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata prabandhakoza kA eka prAmANika saMskaraNa nikaalaa| Ara0esa0tripAThI, gulAbacandra caudharI, e0 ke0 majumadAra, bI0 je0 sAMDesarA prabhRti vidvAnoM ne rAjazekhara ko itivRttakAra mAnakara prabandhakoza kA apane granthoM meM yatra-tatra sphuTa prayoga kiyA hai| caturviMzatiprabandha para nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA meM zivadatta zarmA kA kevala eka lekha aura jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6 meM lagabhaga AdhA pRSTha prakAzita hai| kintu Aja taka prabandhakoza kA na to hindI yA aMgrejI meM anuvAda huA aura na hI usa para koI eka svatantra grantha prakAzita kiyA gyaa| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM prabandhakoza ko pahalI bAra eka naye dRSTikoNa se dekhA aura parakhA gayA hai| isameM prabandhakoza kA paramparAgata rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, bhaugolika athavA sAMskRtika adhyayana na karake itihAmazAstrIya dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jaina itihAsa ke vikAsakrama kI eka kaDI hai|

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( 90 ) itihAsazAstra kI bhRgvAMgirasa paripATI yugoM se calI A rahI hai jisane prAcIna itihAsazAstrIya paramparAoM ko pUrvamadhyakAlIna paramparAoM se yugabaddha kara diyA hai| jaina Agama-sAhitya meM nemi, pArzva, mahAvIra jaise tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvana-vRtta ke sAtha hI zreNika, kuNAla evaM samprati prabhRti rAjAoM kI paramparA bhI surakSita hai / jinasena (837 I.) ne AdipurANa meM itihAsa kI paribhASA prastuta kI hai / hemacandra ne abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM purAvRtta, prahelikA, janazruti, vArtA, aitihya evaM purAtanI ko itihAsa kA paryAya mAnA hai / jaina itihAsa-lekhana kI paripATI vahikAoM (bahiyoM) ke rUpa meM milatI hai / prabandhacintAmaNi meM rAjA vikramAditya kI dharmavahikA kA ullekha hai / prabandhakoza meM spaSTa varNana hai ki vahikAeM tIna prakAra kI hotI thIM : (1) rokar3a bahI, (2) vilambha bahI arthAt pradAna bahI aura (3) paraloka bahI yA dharma bahI jinameM itihAsa surakSita rahA / rAjazekharasUri ne merutuGga dvArA sthApita itihAsa kI paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| usane jaina-prabandhoM ko eka svatantra zAstra kA darjA diyA, jo itihAsa kA sAdhana bnaa| usane na kevala prabandha kI paribhASA dI apitu itihAsa ko sAhitya ke ghere se bAhara nikaalaa| usane itihAsa ko yuddhoM aura rAjasabhAoM kI paridhi se nikAlakara janasAmAnya ke dharAtala para lA kara khar3A kara diyaa| caubIsa prabandhoM meM kevala sAta rAjavarga ke prabandha haiM aura zeSa AcAryoM, kaviyoM yA sAmAnya janoM ke haiN| rAjazekhara ne apane grantha meM unhIM prabandhoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai jinheM usane apane AcAryoM se zrata-paramparA meM prApta kiye the| usane itihAsa ko paramparA, srota granthoM aura yathAzruti para AdhArita maanaa| prathama adhyAya meM jaina prabandha kA artha aura usako paribhASA dI gayI hai / 'prabandha' zabda kA prayoga barAbara badalatA rahA hai, jaise kabhI mahAkAvya, kabhI lekha, kabhI zodha-prabandha / parantu jaina-granthakAroM ne 'prabandha' zabda kA takanIkI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| jaina-prabandha choTechoTe adhyAya hote haiM aura kaI prabandhoM ko milAkara jo grantha taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA use prabandha-grantha kahate the| gujarAta aura mAlavA meM

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racita jo jaina-prabandha grantha haiM ? ve jainagranthakAroM dvArA terahavIM se solahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke bIca race gaye haiM / ye aitihAsika vRttAnta prAyaH sarala saMskRta yA prAkRta gadya aura kabhI-kabhI padya meM likhe gye| hemacandra prathama vidvAn the jinhoMne prabandhakAvya se bhinna sAhitya ke eka svatantra rUpa 'prabandha' ke astitva ko mAnyatA dii| jaina-prabandha ko sarva-.. prathama spaSTata: paribhASita karane kA zreya rAjazekharasUri ko hai| vaha kahate haiM ki AryarakSita ke pUrva ke carita aura usake bAda ke logoM para likhe gaye prabandha kahalAte haiN| usane caubIsa prabandhoM meM AcAryoM, kaviyoM, rAjAoM evaM sAmAnyajanoM ke ullekha kiye haiN| yadyapi AryarakSita ke pazcAt bhI 'carita' likhe gaye haiN| jaina-carita aura jaina prabandha meM antara hai| jaina-carita adhika purAnA hai / jaise-paumacariu, trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, kumArapAlacarita Adi / rAjazekhara ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM Adi aura AryarakSita (nidhana 30 I0) taka ke RSiyoMke jIvana vRttAnta 'carita' kahalAte haiM aura AryarakSita ke bAdake jIvana-vRttAnta prabandha' / jaina carita, jaina-prabandha kI apekSA adhika bRhad hote haiM / eka hI puruSa kA 'carita' eka hI grantha meM Abaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai jabaki prabandhoM ke eka grantha meM kaI puruSoM yA ghaTanAoM ke kaI choTe-choTe prabandha gUthe jAte haiM / jainacarita arddha-aitihAsika aura paurANika hote haiM jabaki jaina-prabandha adhikAMzataH aitihAsika hote haiM / e0 ena0 upAdhye ke anusAra viSayavastu aura rUpa kI dRSTi se ina donoM meM antara hai| jaina prabandha prAyaH gadya meM haiM jabaki jaina-carita muzkila se gadya meM likhe gaye haiN| jaina-prabandha sAmAnyatayA gujarAta aura mAlavA ke zvetAmbaroM dvArA likhe gaye haiM jabaki jaina-carita zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM donoM dvaaraa| jaina-prabandhoM meM upakathAe~ yA antarkathAe~ kama haiM parantu jaina-caritoM meM inakI bahulatA ke sAtha-sAtha viSayAntara bhI ho jAtA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se jaina-prabandha sarala saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM adhika likhe gaye haiM kintu paravartI jaina carita mukhyatayA saMskRta meM hI likhe gaye, jinakI bhASA adhika rUr3hivAdI aura kliSTa hai / jaina-prabandhoM kI pahuMca aura jaina-praNAlI aitihAsika hai jabaki jaina-caritoM meM inakA abhAva

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( 92 ) pAyA jAtA hai / jaina prabandhoM meM kAraNatva, sAkSya, srota, tathya, kAlakrama Adi para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai| dvitIya adhyAya kI racanA itihAsa-darzana ke isasUtra para AdhArita hai ki itihAsa ke adhyayana se pahale itihAsakAra kA adhyayana anivArya hotA hai| rojara phAulara ne likhA hai ki 'granthakAra kI jIvanI kA jJAna usakI kRtiyoM ko samajhane meM sahAyaka siddha hotA hai|' prabandhakozakAra rAjazekhara kI jIvanI va kRtitva para Aja taka eka pairAgrApha bhI nahIM likhA huA hai| usake jIvana para likhane kA yahA~ para sarvaprathama prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prabandhakoza kI granthakAraprazasti aura kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali se vidita hotA hai ki rAjazekhAra kA janma praznavAhanakula kI koTikagaNa kI mAdhyamika zAkhA meM huA thaa| svakhyAti vaha nahIM cAhatA thA aura usane apane viSaya meM granthakAra-prazasti ke atirikta kucha bhI batalAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| anAmatA bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai| prabandhakoza ke Antarika sAkSyoM se siddha hotA hai ki rAjazekhara zvetAmbara the aura usakA gaccha harSapurIya thaa| abhayadevasUri ( 12vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha) unake AdhyAtmika pUrvaja the / abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM tilakasUri hue| rAjazekhara inhI tilakasUri ke ziSya the| prabandhakoza ke Antarika sAkSyoM evaM anya granthoM se siddha hotA hai ki rAjazekharasUri kA adhyayana bar3A vyApaka thaa| prabandhakozAgata granyoM ke nAmoM se pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ne jaina AgamasUtroM kA manthana, apane pUrvavartI jaina-caritoM evaM jaina prabandhoM kA adhyayana aura brAhmaNa mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM kA bhI anuzIlana kiyA thaa| hemavyAkaraNa, bRhadvRtti, nyAya, tarka Adi zAstroM kI tIna bAra AvRtti kii| rAjazekhara ne svaracita nyAyakandalI-paJjikA meM jinaprabhasUri ko apane adhyApaka rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| svayaM rAjazekhara ne nyAyakandalI kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| rAjazekhara ne gyAraha vidyAoM ke nAma ginAe haiM aura unake prayoga ke bhI ullekha kiye haiM, jaise gaganagAminIvidyA, parakAyAvidyA, sarSapavidyA, hema-siddhi-vidyA Adi / rAjazekharane sthAna-sthAna para rAmAyaNa

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aura mahAbhArata ke ullekha kiye haiM jisase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki vaha ina mahAkAvyoM se pUrNataH paricita the| jagatasiMha ke putra zAha mahaNa siMha kI preraNA se 1349 I0 meM rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza kI racanA kii| rAjazekhara kI ruci saMgIta kI ora bhI thii| unake ziSya sudhAkalaza saMgIta-zAstra ke prakANDa vidvAn the| unhoMne 1349 I0 meM 'sagItopaniSatasAroddhAra kI racanA kii| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM vibhinna vAdyayantroM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase unake saMgItajJAna kI puSTi hotI hai / rAjazekhara ke aba taka sAta-ATha grantha prakAza meM Ae haiM : (1) prabandha-koza, (2) nyAyakandalIpaMjikA, (3) dvayAzraya kAvya para likhI gayI vRtti (4) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, (5) antarakathAsaMgraha, (6) kahAniyoM kA saMgraha-jise kautukakathA yA vinodakathA bhI kahate haiM / (7) syAd-vAdakalikA, (8) upadezacintAmaNi / isake atirikta unhoMne zAntinAthacarita kA saMzodhana bhI kiyaa| / tRtIya adhyAya meM grantha-paricaya hai| isameM graMtha-racanA kI rAjanItika aura sAhityika pRSThabhUmi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racanAkAla, sthAna, graMtha zIrSaka, vividha saMskaraNoM, anuvAdoM, racanA uddezyoM tathA grantha kI bhASA zailI para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / Azcarya hai ki rAjazekhara ne saMskRta aura prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha arabI zabdoM kA bhI niHsaMkoca prayoga kiyA hai / ___ grantha-paricaya ke bAda do adhyAyoM meM graMthagata aitihAsika tathyoM kA varNana evaM mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| ina 24 prabandhoM meM do prabandhoM-rAjA vaGgacala tathA ratnazrAvaka ke prabandha kI aitihAsika pahacAna nahIM kI jA sakI hai| muni jinavijaya ne graMtha kI prastAvanA meM kahA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se vaGkacUla kI kathA aura kazmIra nivAsI saMghapati ratnazrAvaka kI kathA ajJAta hai| rAjazekharasUri ke anusAra pAreta janapada kI sImA para carmaNvatI nadI ke taTa para DhIpurI nagarI thI / vahA~ ke rAjA vimalayaza ne apane rAjakumAra puSpadhUla ko nirvAsita kara diyaa| kAlAntara meM vaha siMhaguhApallI kA pallIpati bana gayA aura susthitAcArya dvArA batalAye gaye cAra niyamoM se udAra

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( 94 ) manA rAjA banA / isa adhyAya meM pAreta janapada, carmaNvatI nadI aura ranti nadI kA samIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| DhIMpurI tIrtha kI pahacAna mAlavA kI dhamanAra pahAr3I se kI gayI hai / vahA~ aneka jaina guphAe~ haiM aura bUMdI se koTA ke bIca vAlaurI, dhamanAra kI pahAr3I, cambala nadI, jhAlarApATana, candrAvatI Adi sthAna haiM / vaGkacUla ke udAharaNa "vakkacUr3akahA" aura gujarAtI kAvyoM meM Ate haiM / "rAsamAlA" meM cUr3acandra kA ullekha hai / phorbasa use yaduvaMzI batalAtA hai / rUsI paurANika zaurya kathA - sAhitya meM vaGka nAmaka vidhavA-putra ke viSaya meM mile gIta eka rAjakumArI kI kathA para AdhArita haiM / kintu dhvanyAtmaka sAmya ke atirikta cUr3acandra yA rUsI vaGka kA vaGkacUla se koI bhI sambandha nahIM hai / vastutaH vaGkacUla DhIMpurI ke rAjakumAra puSpacUla kA vidrUpita nAma thA / rAjazekhara ne vaGkacUlaprabandha ko sAtavAhanaprabandha aura vikramAdityaprabandha ke bIca meM sthAna diyA hai / isalie vaGkacUla sambhavataH vikramAditya ke pahale athavA variSTha samakAlIna thA / vaGkacUla prathama zatAbdI ke pahale kA rAjapuruSa thA; kyoMki use ujjainI ke vidvAn rAjA kA sAmanta aura susthitAcArya kA samakAlIna kahA gayA hai / susthitAcArya kA samakAlIna candragupta maurya sAmrAjya - saMsthApaka candragupta nahIM hai, apitu dazaratha maurya kA bhAI aura uttarAdhikArI samprati (216-207 I0 pU0 ) ho sakatA hai kyoMki kaI itihAsakAra samprati ko maurya vaMza kA dvitIya candragupta mAnate haiM / * samprati ne azoka, kuNAla aura dazaratha tInoM ke zAsana-kAryoM meM sahAyatA kI thI / use pATaliputra aura ujjaina donoM meM zAsana karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| ajamera, kumbhalamera aura giranAra meM usake dvArA nirmita aura mahAvIra ko samarpita mandiroM ke avazeSa Aja bhI pAye jAte haiN| abhilekha aura mudrAoM se jaina-dharma kI ora usakI rujhAna jJAta hotI hai / samprati ke eka sikke para eka ora Upara-nIce sampra aura dI zabda likhA hai aura dUsarI ora Upara-nIce-aura-cihna haiN| kisI-kisI sikke meM ke nIce ( svastika) cinha bane haiM / - sAmAnyataH maurya sikkoM para Upara se nIce aura cinha haiM /

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jaina prabhu ke sAmane yaha nizAna banAte haiN| isase yaha samarthita hotA hai ki samprati 'jaina azoka' aura dvitIya' candragupta kahalAne kA adhikArI thA aura vaha susthitAcArya aura vaGkacUla kA samakAlIna thaa| (mArDana rivyU) samprati ne ujjayinI ke samIpa DhIpurI nagarI meM vimalayaza ko adhikArI niyukta kiyA thaa| prastuta prabandha meM ati utsAha ke kAraNa use rAjA kahA gayA hai| vimalayaza rAjasattAdhArI rAjA bhale hI na ho kintu vaGkacUlaprabandha ke anusAra siMhaguhApallI kA pallIpati avazya thA aura usakI sthiti AsapAsa ke bIhar3a aura parvatIya ilAkoM meM kisI sthAnIya rAjA se kama na thii| pahalI rAjadhAnI meM guru suhasti ne samprati ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura dUsarI rAjadhAnI ke samIpa ziSya susthita ne vaGkacUla ko| vaGkacUla dvArA kAmarUpa-vijaya para prazna cinha lagAnA par3atA hai| prabandha-koza meM varNana hai ki vaGkacUla ko ujjayinI ke rAjA kA sAmanta bana jAne ke bAda kAmarUpa vijaya ke lie jAnA pdd'aa| anya granthoM meM vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma durdhara hai| kintu TiMpurI se asama kI atyadhika bhaugolika dUrI aura yAtAyAta ke mandagAmI sAdhanoM ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ne kAmarUpa-vijaya kI kalpanA jainadharma ke mahattva ko bar3hAne ke lie kI thI kyoMki prabandhakAra zaktipUjA ke eka prasiddha kendra para jaina dharmAvalambI kI vijaya darzAnA cAhatA thaa| samprati-kAlIna susthitAcArya ke cAra mahInoM ke ApAta-pravAsa se rAjA vaGkacUla kA hRdaya-parivartana nahIM huA, kintu unake dvArA batalAye gaye cAra niyamoM ne usakI krUratA ko samApta kara use udAramanA rAjA banA diyaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne baGkacUla ko rAjavarga meM sammilita karane kA aucitya bhI diyaa| ___ kazmIra meM nagaroM ko basAye jAne kI paraMparA kuSANakAla meM spaSTa dIkha par3atI hai jaise huSkapura, juSkapura aura kaniSkapura / sAtavAhana pulamAvi 'dvitIya' ne eka naye zahara "navanagara" kI sthApanA kI aura "navanagara svAmI" kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI / dakSiNa ke hoyasala nareza

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narasiMha 'prathama' (1141-73 I0) ke cAra mukhya senApatiyoM meM hulla jainadharma kA ananya bhakta thaa| hulla ne zravaNa-belgola meM caturvizati jinAlaya kA nirmANa (saMbhavataH 1159 I0 meM) tathA tIna jaina kendroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| saMbhavataH usane uttara meM bhI jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura unI ke nAma para kazmIra meM eka nayA nagara "navanagara basAyA gayA jo "navahullanagara" ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| prabandhakoza meM pArasparika saMgharSa, asantoSa, varga-saMgharSa Adi ke varNana mukhyatA no prabandhoM meM Ate haiM / jaina hote hue bhI rAjazekhara ne varga-saMgharSa sAmUhika hatyAkANDa, yuddha, hiMsA Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| ye varga-saMgharSa bhautikavAdI kama aura AdhyAtmika adhika haiN| tugalaka sAmrAjya ke hRdaya-pradeza dillI meM rahate hue rAjazekhara ne jina varga saMgharSoM kA varNana kiyA haiM ve usake satyAnurAga aura itihAsa-priyatA ke pratIka haiN| yadyapi prabandhakoza kI katipaya tithiyA~ sukSma-gaNanA meM kiMcita truTipUrNa haiM tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjazekhara ne kAlakrama ko itihAsa kA eka abhinna aMga mAnA hai aura usakA prAyaH nirvAha kiyA hai| usane jaina-prabandhoM ko sAhitya se pRthaka karake itihAsa kA darjA pradAna kiyaa| chaThe adhyAya meM itihAsa-darzana ke pramukha tatvoM ke AdhAra para srota, sAkSya, paraMparA, kAraNatva, kAlakrama Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI meM prabandhakoza ke guNa-doSoM kA vivecana karate hue graMthakAra kI sImAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / e0 ke0 majumadAra ne rAjazekhara ko nikRSTatama itivRttakAra kahA hai aura vastupAla-tejapAla prabandha ke kaI doSa darzAye haiM : (1) rAjazekhara ko vAgheloM ke prAraMbhika itihAsa kA kama jJAna thA aura vaha arNorAja ko bhIma (dvitIya) kA uttarAdhikArI banA detA hai| (2) vaha somezvara ke vicAroM kA anukaraNa karatA hai| (3) vaha tribhuvanapAla ko pUrNatayA vismRta kara jAtA hai|

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( 97 ) (4) dillI ke suratrANa mojadIna kI senA ko vastupAla ne jo zikasta dI, vaha sandehAspada hai| rAjazekhara vastupAla kA yaza-varNana satya kA dAMva lagAkara karatA hai| majumadAra mahodaya udAharaNa dete hue kahate haiM ki merutuGga ne eka zloka tejapAla ke mukha se kahalavAyA hai jise rAjazekhara uddhRta karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki vIradhavala ke nidhana ke uparAnta vastupAla ne usa zloka ko pddh'aa| "AyAnti yAnti ca pare RtavaH krameNa. . ." jahA~ taka arNorAja kA savAla hai rAjazekhara ne apane samUce grantha meM usakA kevala eka bAra ullekha kiyA hai| rAjazekhara sahI kahatA hai ki vaha arNorAja caulukyavaMzIya thA na ki cAhamAnavaMzIya / rAjazekhara ne arNorAja ko na kisI kA uttarAdhikArI kahA hai aura na banAyA hai| prabandhakoza se yaha spaSTa hai-"tadanu mUlarAjacAmuNDarAja-vallabharAja-durlabharAja-bhIma-karNa-jayasiMhadeva-kumArapAla-ajayapAla-laghubhIma-arNorAjaiH caulukyaH sanAthIkRtaH / " ___ "sanAthIkRtaH" kA tAtparya kisI bhI sthiti meM uttarAdhikRta nahIM ho sakatA hai| "sanAthIkRta" kA artha huA ki ina caulukyoM ne (gurjaradharA ko) surakSA pradAna kii| ataH rAjazekhara kI kAlakramIya saTIkatA kI prazaMsA karanI caahiye| jisa tAratamya se usane ina baulukyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha kAlakrama kI dRSTi se sahI hai| majumadAra ne dUsarI bhUla yaha kI hai ki ve arNorAja ke nidhana ko bhIma (dvitIya) ke zAsanAraMbha meM rakhate haiN| parantu prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra arNorAja ne kumArapAla se bhIma (dvitIya) taka caulukyoM ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| majUmadAra ke mata ke viparIta samakAlika vasantavilAsa meM ullekha hai ki arNorAja ne rAjA ke pakSa meM rahate hue rAjya kI rakSA kii| ataH rAjazekhara dvArA arNorAja ko caulukya kahanA aura usake dvArA gujarAta kI surakSA karane ke kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| majumadAra kA yaha kathana ki rAjazekhara ko vAgheloM ke prAraMbhika itihAsa kA kama jJAna thA, bhrAntipUrNa hai| rAjazekhara kI itihAsapriyatA aura tathyoM ke prati ImAnadArI kA pramANa usakA yaha kathana hai :

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( 98 ) "aisA prabandhacintAmaNi se jJAta hotA hai / carvitacarvaNa karane se kyA lAbha ? katipaya navIna prabandhoM ko prakAzita karatA hU~ / " majumadAra ne prabandhakoza se uddharaNa diyA hai - 'arNorAja ke bAda pahale lavaNaprasAda aura bAda meM vIradhavala rAjA hue / ' kintu mUla meM likhA hai * 'samprati yuvA pitA-putrau lavaNaprasAda - vIradhavalau staH / ' arthAt isa samaya donoM pitA-putra, lavaNa prasAda aura vIradhavala the / yadi ise pUrvokta vAkya ke tAratamya meM par3hA jAya to artha nikalegA ki samprati lavaNaprasAda aura vIradhavala ( gurjaradharA ko ) surakSA pradAna karane vAle the / majumadAra sAhaba kA tIsarA Aropa hai ki rAjazekhara tribhuvanapAla ko pUrNatayA vismRta kara jAtA hai / kintu yadi mUla grantha ko par3hA jAya to yaha Aropa anargala pratIta hogaa| pUrva - - uddhRta mUla paMkti meM caulukyoM meM rAjazekhara ne kevala tribhuvanapAla kA nahIM pratyut bAlamUlarAja kA bhI nAma nahIM diyA hai / mUlarAja 'dvitIya' (1176-78 I0 ) kA bhI rAjazekhara ne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| rAjazekhara unakA nAma ginAnA cAhatA thA jinhoMne gurjaradharA ko surakSita rakhA / tribhuvanapAla ne caulukya rAjya khoyA aura svayaM aprasiddha rahA / vaha dharma aura sAhitya kA poSaka bhI nahIM thA / cauthe Aropa ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha prathama mojadIna suratrANa 'iltutamiza' ho sakatA hai jisane 1234 I0 meM bhilasA jItA, ujjaina ko lUTA aura mahAkAla mandira kI tor3aphor3a kI / sambhavataH usane gujarAta para AkramaNa ke lie koI choTI Tukar3I bhejI ho, jisakA vastupAla ne saphalatApUrvaka mukAbalA kiyaa| rAjazekhara ne yaha nahIM kahA hai ki ukta zloka kI racanA vastupAla ne kii| usakA kahanA hai ki vIradhavala ke nidhana ke bAda vastupAla ne ukta zloka ko par3hA | prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza meM zloka eka hI hai aura nidhana ke bAda par3hA gayA batAyA jAtA hai / antara itanA hai ki prabandhacintAmaNi meM tejapAla ke mukha se zloka kahalavAyA gayA hai aura prabandhakoza meM vastupAla se / yaha koI bahuta bar3A doSa nahIM hai /

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sAtaveM adhyAya meM prabandhakoza kI anya pramukha prabandha granthoM yathA prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, vividhatIrthakalpa aura kRta bhoja-prabandha se tulanA kI gayI hai| aitihAsika granthoM meM vikramAGkadevacarita aura rAjataraMgiNI se tulanA kI gayI hai| prabandhakoza ke aitihAsika vivecana meM use eka naye dRSTikoNa se parakhA gayA hai| isake vastuniSTha vivecana aura vizleSaNa kA yaha prathama vinamra prayAsa hai / yaha grantha itihAsa va itihAsa-darzana kI kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai niSkarSa yaha hai / ki aitihAsika tathyoM evaM itihAsa-darzana ke pramukha tatvoM kI dRSTi se rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza meM varNita prabandha aitihAsika haiM aura yaha grantha itihAsa kA eka mahattvapUrNa srota hai /

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Statement about Ownership and other particular of the Paper SHRAMANA : P. V. Research Institute I. T. I. Road, Varanasi-5 2. Periodicity of Publication : First week of english calendar month 3. Printer's Name, Nationality : Dr. Sagar Mal Jain and Address Indian Zao Divine Printers 1. Place of Publication 4. Publisher's Name, Nationality and Address 5. Editor's Name, Nationality and Address 6. Names and Address of individuals who own the Paper and Partners or share-holders holding more than one per cent of the total capital. Dated 1-4-90 13/44, Sonarpura, Varanasi : Dr. Sagar Mal Jain Indian P. V. Research Institute I. T. I. Road, Varanasi-5 I, Dr. Sagar Mal Jain hereby declare that the particular given above are true to the best of the knowledge and believe. : Same : Shri Sohanlal Jain Vidya Prasarak Samiti Guru Bazar, Amritsar (Registered under Act XXI as 1860) Signature of the Publishers S/d Dr. Sagar Mal Jain

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vidyAzrama kI gatividhiyAM vigata 3 mAhoM meM vidyAzrama kI gatividhiyA~ nimna rahIM (1) 22 mArca ko vidyAzrama ke prAMgaNa meM navasthApita rukmiNI devI dIpacanda gArDI prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA ucca adhyayana kendra kI aupacArika udghATanavidhi zreSThivarya zrIdIpacandajI gArDI ke karakamaloM dvArA sampanna huii| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA tibbatI ucca adhyayana saMsthAna, sAranAtha ke nidezaka pro0 samadoNa ripoche ne kii| isI avasara para saMsthAna ke navIna prakAzanoM ke vimocana kA bhI kAryakrama sampanna huaa| vimocanakartA vidvAnoM meM pro0 avadhakizora nArAyaNa, viskonsina yUnivarsiTI yU0 esa0 e0; pro0 nityAnanda mizra, bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya; zrI o0 pI0 TaNDana, vizeSakAryAdhikArI, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi; pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa, kA0 hi. vi0 vi0; zrI candanamala cAMda Adi the| isa avasara para zodha saMsthAna kI saMcAlaka samiti ke adhyakSa zrI vijaya kumAra jI motIvAlA, upAdhyakSa zrI nRparAja jaina, zrI kizoravardhana jaina, koSAdhyakSa zrI sumatiprakAza jaina, sahamaMtrI zrI zorIlAla jaina tathA sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphrensa ke adhyakSa zrI pukharAja jI lukar3a Adi kI upasthiti vizeSarUpa se mahattvapUrNa thii| isa avasara para vimocita grantha isa prakAra haiM1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1.3 dvitIya saMskaraNa .. 2. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, khaNDa-1 3. cAra tIrthaGkara (dvitIya saMskaraNa) 8. Jainism : The Oldest Living Religion 2nd Edition 5. syAdvavAda aura saptabhaMgI : Adhunika vyAkhyA 6. jainameghadUtam : mUla, vRtti evaM vistRta vyAkhyA

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/ 102 ) (2) zrImatI rukmiNIdevI dIpacanda gArDI prAkRta evaM jainavidyA ucca adhyayana kendra dvArA saMcAlita prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA snAtakottara pramANapatropAdhi parIkSA maI mAha meM Ayojita kI gyii| (3) saMsthAna ke zodha sahAyaka zrI indrezacandra siMha ne apanA zodha prabandha prAcIna bhAratIya sainya vijJAna evaM yaddha nIti : jaina srotoM ke AdhAra para" kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM parIkSaNArtha prastuta kara diyaa| zodha chAtra zrI dhanaMjaya mizra kA zodha prabandha bhI aba pUrNatA kI ora hai / unakI zodha prabandha prastuti pUrva saMgoSThI bhI maI mAha meM hI sampanna huii| saMsthAna ke liye yaha garva kA viSaya hai ki saMsthAna ke zodha chAtra zrI zrInArAyaNa dube ko unake zodha prabandha---12vIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina abhilekhoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana nAmaka zodha prabandha para pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke zodhAdhikArI DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha kI mAtuzrI kA dinAMka 31 maI 1990 ko svargavAsa ho gyaa| vidyAzrama meM dinAMka 1-6-90 ko zokasabhA karake unheM zoka saMvedanA zraddhAJjali arpita kI gyii| zrI zaurIlAla jaina sammAnita pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke liye yaha atyanta gaurava kI bAta hai ki saMsthAna kI saMcAlaka samiti ke sahamaMtrI zrI zaurIlAla jI jaina ko dic 19.2-90 ko dillI meM da pheDarezana oNpha Ala iNDiyA oNpTikala esosiezana dvArA ApTikala udyoga evaM vyavasAya ke kSetra meM unake dvArA kI gayI utkRSTa sevAoM ke liye sammAnita karate huye 'rajata-eTa bheMTa kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki gatavarSa dehalI oNpTikala esosiezana dvArA bhI zaurIlAla jI ko isI taraha sammAnita kiyA jA cakA hai| zrI jaina ko yaha sammAna unake dvArA 'oNpTika esosiezana,' dehalI ke adhyakSa pada evaM 'inTaranezanala oNpTika pheyara' ke vyavasthApaka saciva ke rUpa meM kI gayI avismaraNIya sevAoM ke liye pradAna kiyA gyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra bhI unheM isa avasara para apanI badhAI preSita karatA hai|

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jaina jagat zrI paMjAba jaina bhAtRsabhA, bambaI ke pUrva adhyakSa zrI harIza candra jaina kA nidhana zrI paMjAba jaina bhrAtRsabhA, khAra-bambaI ke saMsthApakasadasya tathA pUrva adhyakSa zrI harIza candraz2I jaina kA di0 8-5-90 ko 75 varSa kI Ayu meM bambaI meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apake parivAra meM ApakI dharmapatnI, 5 putra aura 3 putriyAM haiN| __ zrI harIza jI kA janma san 1915 meM aphrIkA ke pramukha nagara nairobI meM huA thaa| ApakI zikSA-dIkSA lAhaura meM huii| apanI alpAyu meM hI Apane apane pUjya pitA zrI jagannAtha jainI ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM vijJApana vyavasAya meM praveza kiyA aura san 1964 meM vizvaprasiddha vijJApana ejensI jayasansa eDavaraTAijiga kI nIMva ddaalii| Aja na kevala bhArata balki vizva ke aneka pramukha nagaroM meM isakI zAkhAyeM haiM / zrI harIza jI prathama bhAratIya the jinhoMne 1967 meM landana meM Ayojita varlDa eDavaraTAijiga kAMgresa ke eka satra kI adhyakSatA kii| janma se sthAnakavAsI hote hue bhI Apa anya jaina tathA jainetara samudAyoM evaM zikSaNa saMsthAoM se sakriya rUpa se saMbaddha the / san 1981 me 1985 taka Apa paMjAba jaina bhrAtRsabhA ke adhyakSa rhe| Apake prayatna hI khAra ke eka pramukha upamArga kA nAmakaraNa ahiMsA mArga rakhA gyaa| pichale mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para Apane eka jaina patrikA anukampA ke prakAzana kI ghoSaNA kI thii| kintu patrikAke prakAzana kA

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( 104 ) kArya prArambha hone ke pUrva hI Apa divaMgata ho gaye / Apake nidhana se na kevala bhrAtRsabhA balki sampUrNa jaina samAja kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai / vidyAzrama parivAra kI ora se sva0 zrI harIza jI ko hArdika zraddhAJjali ...... DA0 phUlacandajI jaina 'premI' sAhitya puraskAra se punaH sammAnita pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke liye yaha atyanta harSa kA viSaya hai ki vidyAzrama ke pUrva zodhachAtra aura samprati sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke 'zramaNa vidyA saMkAya' meM jainadarzana vibhAga ke adhyakSa DA0 phUla vanda jaina ko unake dvArA likhita aura saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita zodha grantha - mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' para zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera dvArA pravartita sva0 zrIcampAlAla sAMDa smRti puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gayA / jJAtavya hai ki DA0 jaina ko isI grantha para jaina vidyA saMsthAna, jayapura dvArA mahAvIra puraskAra se bhI sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke zodha chAtra ke rUpa unake dvArA kiyA gayA yaha zodha kArya, jo usI saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita bhI huA hai, isa saMsthAna dvArA jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM kiye gaye kAryoM kI garimA ko spaSTa karatA hai / rAjazrI pikcarsa dvArA jaina mahotsava vIDiyo kaiseTa evaM Tepa kaiseTa kA nirmANa rAjazrI pikcarsa, bambaI dvArA prasiddha philma nirmAtA zrI tArAcanda jI vaDajAtyA kI dharmapatnI zrImatI zAntAdevI kI puNya smRti meM 11 laghu philmoM kA 'jaina mahotsava' ke nAma se eka vIDiyo kaiseTa tathA samayasAra, chahaDhAlA aura dravyasaMgraha ko saMgIta gAyana aura hindI vAcana ke mAdhyama se Tepa kaiseTa ke rUpa meM bikrI hetu prastuta kiyA hai / rAjazrI pikcarsa ke ukta prayAsa se prAkRtabhASA se anabhijJa dharmapremIjana bhI ukta granthoM ke zravaNa-manana tathA tIrthadarzana kA lAbha le sakeMge /

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sAhitya satkAra 17 "saMskRta zataka paramparA aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka; ' lekhaka : DaoN0 AzAlatA malaiyA ; prakAzaka : jayazrI Ayala mila, durga, mUlya : 120.00 (eka sau bIsa rupaye) prastuta kRti DaoN0 AzAlatA malaiyA ke sAgara vizvavidyAlaya dvArA svIkRta zodha-prabandha kA mudrita rUpa hai / isameM vidvAna lekhikA ne prathama do sau pacAsa pRSThoM meM saMskRta sAhitya meM racita vairAgya, nIti aura zRGgAra zatakoM ke sAtha-sAtha stuti zatakoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai aura usakA yathAzakti mUlyAMkana bhI kiyA hai / isameM 46 zatakoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, zeSa 250 pRSThoM meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke pAMca zatakoM ke paricaya ke sAtha unake vyaktitva, kRtitva evaM unake zatakoM ke mUlyAMkana kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai / bhASA, prastutikaraNa kI zailI Adi sabhI dRSTi se grantha uttama aura saMgrahaNIya hai / isa grantha ke mAdhyama se unhoMne na kevala AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI vidyAsAdhanA ko ujAgara kiyA hai, apitu yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki jainoM meM adyatana saMskRta bhASA meM lekhana kI paramparA jIvita hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA vyaktitva nizcita hI mahAna hai / unameM sAdhanA ke saurabha aura jJAnagAMbhIryaM donoM eka sAtha upalabdha haiN| aise mahimAmayI vyaktitva kI sAhityika sAdhanA ko ujAgara karane vAlA grantha nizcaya hI vidvat samAja meM AdaraNIya hogA / kintu grantha meM eka abhAva sabase adhika khaTakatA hai vaha yaha hai ki unhoMne isa grantha meM vivecya zatakoM meM kisI bhI zvetAmbara AcArya kI kRti kA samAveza nahIM kiyA hai, jabaki digambara jaina evaM jainetara Adi paramparAoM ke zatakoM ko sthAna diyA hai / maiM nahIM mAnatA ki unhoMne sAmpradAyika Agrahavaza aisA kiyA hogA kintu isa sambandha meM unakA ajJAna hI isakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai / zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM kI zataka kRtiyoM meM haribhadra kA yogazataka, somaprabhasUri kA sindUraprakaraNa, dhanad ke zrRMgAra, nIti aura vairAgyazataka, dhanadeva kA padmAnanda ( vairAgya ) zataka, vijayasiMhasUri kA sAmyazataka, naracandra upAdhyAya kA praznazataka tathA somasundara kA zrRMgAravairAgya .

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( 106 ) zataka Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kAza ! ina granthoM kA bhI prastuta kRti meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hotA to grantha kI garimA meM aura bhI vaddhi ho jaatii| sirIsahajANaMdaghanacariyaM : racayitA-zrI bhavaMralAla nAhaTA; saMpA0 mahopAdhyAya candraprabhasAgara; pR0 16+-101; prakAzana varSa-1989; prakAzaka-prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jypur-302003|| jaina vidyA ke suprasiddha vidvAn zrI bhavaMralAla nAhaTA dvArA racita sirisahajAnandadhanacariyaM eka apabhraMza kAvya hai| pro0 satyaraMjana vaMdopAdhyAya ne ise apabhraMza ke aMtima stara kI bhASA avahaTTa (apabhraSTa) meM racita batalAyA hai| yaha racanA 244 zlokoM meM hai, sAtha hI usakA hindI anuvAda bhI diyA gayA hai| ___adhyAtmayogI avadhUta zrI sahajAnaMdaghanajI Adhunika yuga ke eka aise mahAn santa hue haiM, jinake jIvana se aneka logoM ne preraNAyeM prApta kI haiN| zrI nAhaTAjI aneka avasaroM para yogI jI ke sAtha rhe| unheM unake jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ko dekhane kA avasara milA, jisakA unhoMne isa racanA meM ullekha kiyA hai / ____ Aja ke yuga meM jaba prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM kA paThana pATana luptaprAya hai, kevala kucha loga hI ina bhASAoM ke jJAtA haiM, aise samaya meM zrI bhavaMralAla jI nAhaTA ne apanI isa racanA ke mAdhyama se lupta apabhraMza kAvya ke punaruddhAra kA eka prayAsa kiyA hai, sAtha hI pratyeka zloka ke sAtha usakA hindI anuvAda dekara sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye isa pustaka ko grAhya banA diyA hai| vastutaH yaha jIvanI itanI prabhAvazAlI zailI meM hai ki binA pUrA par3he pAThaka ko saMtuSTi nahIM hotii| aisI mahattvapUrNa aura lokopakArI kRti kI racanA zrI nAhaTAjI aise samartha vidvAn ke hI vaza kI bAta hai| __harivaMzapurANa : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : lekhaka-DaoN0 rAmamUrti caudharI; pR0 8373; mUlya-132 rupaye; prathama saMskaraNa-1989; prakAzaka --sulabha prakAzana, 17, azoka mArga, lkhnuu| prastuta pustaka "harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana" kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA svIkRta zodhaprabandha kA mudrita rUpa hai|

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( 107 ) harivaMzapurANa digambara jaina paramparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, isameM sAMskRtika mahattva kI aneka bAteM gumphita haiM / lekhaka ne inake adhyayana ke lie grantha se prApta sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko vargIkRta karate hue samasAmayika anya granthoMse unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai / grantha 6 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai-prathama adhyAya meM granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya tathA tatkAlIna rAjanaitika aura sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM kI carcA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM sAmAjika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM jaina darzana ke sAtha sAtha vaiSNava, zaiva, zAkta aura nAstika prabhRti jainetara dharmoM kA bhI vivecana hai| caturtha adhyAya meM rAjya, nagara, grAma Adi sambandhI zAsanavyavasthA kA vizad vivecana hai| grantha kA paMcama adhyAya sthApatya evaM kalA se saMbaddha hai| chaThe aura aMtima adhyAya meM zodhagrantha ke adhyayana se prApta niSkarSoM kA vivaraNa hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne graMtha kA samyaka adhyayana prastuta karane meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta kI hai| yaha graMtha zodhAthiyoM ke liye nizcaya hI upayogI siddha hogA aura lekhaka ke zrama ko sArthaka karegA, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| AgamamaktA-upAdhyAya kevalamuni, pRSTha 16+238, mulya35 rUpayA, prathama saMskaraNa -sitambara-1989; prakAzaka-- divAkara prakAzana, 7-e, avAgar3ha hAusa, AgarA-282002, uttara pradeza / upAdhyAya zrI kevalamunijI sthAnakavAsI jaina samAja ke prasiddha vidvAn, Agama marmajJa, kathAzilpI aura kuzala vaktA haiN| Apa dvArA likhita lagabhaga 50 kathAyeM aura upanyAsa prakAzita ho cuke haiN| prastuta kRti 'AgamamuktA' Agama vacana evaM unakA rahasyodghATana karane vAlA eka mahAna grantha hai / isake antargata Apane virakti, dharmazraddhA, Atmadarzana, garhA, jinastuti, vandanA, AtmA kA snAna, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna, kSamApanA, pRcchA, svAdhyAya, anuprekSA Adi 32 viSayoM para AgamoM kA uddharaNa dete hue unakI vivecanA kI hai| yaha pustaka samAja ke sabhI vargoM ke liye samAna rUpa se upayogI hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka tathA mudraNa truTi rahita hai| aise sundara prakAzana ke lie lekhaka aura prakAzaka dhanyavAdAha haiN|

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(100) jaina nyAya zAstra : eka parizIlana-vijayamuni zAstrI, pRSTha10+176; mUlya-20 rUpayA; prathama saMskaraNa-mArca-1990; prakAzaka-divAkara prakAzana, avAgar3ha hAusa, AgarA-282002, uttara pradeza / rASTrasaMta upAdhyAya amara munijI ke suziSya zrI vijayamunijI eka gambhIra adhyetA evaM utkRSTa vaktA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiM / vivecya pustaka meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA atyanta sarala aura saMkSipta kintu prabhAvazAlI zailI meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jisase sAmAnya pAThakoM ko aise duruha viSaya bhI sarasa pratIta hote haiN| vastutaH pUrva meM bhI ina viSayoM para likhA jA cukA hai, parantu vaha janasAmAnya ke liye nahIM apitu vidvat varga ke liye hI upayogI siddha huA hai| munijI ke isa zrama se janasAmAnya bhI ukta gUr3ha viSayoM kA rasAsvAdana kara sakegA, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| X jaina darzana meM bandha-mokSa-lekhaka : DA. yogezacandra jaina, prakAzaka : zrI bhUpakizora svAdhyAya samiti, murAra, gvAliyara (ma0 pra0); mUlya : 4-00 ruupyaa| prastuta kRti ema0 e0 uttarArdha saMskRta parIkSA meM likhA gayA laghu zodha nibandha hai| isameM jaina darzana ke anusAra bandha evaM mokSa kI avadhAraNAoM kA vivecana huA hai| bandha kA svarUpa, bandha ke kAraNa, mokSa kA svarUpa aura usake sAdhana isake pramukha pratipAdya viSaya haiM / isameM bandha aura mokSa sambandhI anya darzanoM kI avadhAraNAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana aura meM pudgala ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai| vivecana sapramANa, yuktisaMgata aura starIya hai| isa laghu grantha ke lie lekhaka aura prakAzaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| devidatthao (devendrastava) anuvAdaka aura vyAkaraNAtmaka-vizleSakaDA0 subhASa koThArI evaM zrI sureza sisodiyA, pR0 71+151; mUlya 50 rupaye; prathama saMskaraNa : nambara 1988 I0; prakAzaka-Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta zodha saMsthAna, padminI mArga, udayapura, (raajsthaan)|

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x .. ( 109) prastuta kRti meM devidatthao (deveMdrastava) kA zabdAnusArI hindI anuvAda prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura isake sAtha-sAtha grantha meM pratyeka gAthA kA vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo arthabodha aura prAkRta bhASA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa kahA jA sakatA hai| devendrastava zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna granthoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa prakIrNaka grantha hai| yadyapi nAmakaraNa se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha devendra kI stuti hogI, parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yaha devendra ko stuti na ho kara vibhinna prakAra ke devoM ke vibhinna pakSoM kA eka vistRta vivaraNa hai / prastuta kRti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake prArambha meM eka vistRta bhUmikA dI gayI hai jo grantha ke vibhinna pakSoM ko gambhIratApUrvaka prastuta karatI hai| vivecya grantha kI gAthAyeM anya AgamoM meM kahA~ aura kisa rUpa meM pAyI jAtI haiM-unakA vizleSaNAtmaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jo mahattvapUrNa hai| grantha paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| X x upAsakadazAGgaH eka adhyayana-DA0 subhASa koThArI; mUlya 50 rupaye; prathama saMskaraNa : navambara 1988 I0; prakAzaka-Agama ahiMsA samatA aura prAkRta saMsthAna, padminI mArga, udayapura (raajsthaan)| prastuta kRti DA0 subhASa koThArI dvArA udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM prastuta zodha prabandha kA mudrita rUpa hai / isa zodha prabandha para unheM vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| vivecya kRti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha na kevala upAsakadazAGga meM varNita zrAvakacAra kA vistRta aura tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta karatI hai apitu isake sAtha hI usa grantha kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana bhI prastuta karatI hai| upAsakadazAGga meM jaina zrAvakAcAra kA prAcInatam rUpa surakSita hai ataH zrAvaka AcAra meM ruci rakhane vAloM ke liye yaha grantha upAdeya aura paThanIya hai| grantha kA mudraNa aura sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai / grantha ke prakAzana ke liye lekhaka aura prakAzaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| X X X jambU guNaratnamAlA evaM anya racanAyeM : racanAkAra-zrI jeThamala caurar3iyA; pR0 19+135; tRtIya saMskaraNa 1989 I0; mUlya 18

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( 110 ) rupaye; prakAzaka-campAlAla caurar3iyA, caurar3iyA bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura--302003 / __ prastuta pustaka meM kavivara jeThamala jI caurar3iyA dvArA racita jambUsvAmI ke jIvana para AdhArita kAvya jambUguNaratnamAlA evaM kucha phUTakara racanAoM kA saMkalana hai / yadyapi jambaguNaratnamAlA vigata 73 varSoM meM do bAra prakAzita ho cukI hai, parantu vigata kaI varSoM se anupalabdha thii| prakhyAta ratna vyavasAyI zrI campAlAla caurar3iyA ne apane pUrvaja zrIjeThamala jI dvArA racita bhaktiracanAoM ko punaH prakAzita kara eka abhinandanIya kArya kiyA hai| pustaka ke prArambha meM pro0 narendra bhAnAvata dvArA likhita 12 pRSThoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA bhI dI gayI hai / pustaka kI sAja-sajjA uttama tathA mudraNa truTirahita hai / x zAMti kRpA bidu 'svAmI zrI zAntisvarUpajI ma.sA0 smArikA' -saMpA0 muni zrI AzISa, pR0 12+224; prakAzana varSa janavarI 1989 I0 / __ prastuta kRti muni zrI zAntisvarUpajI ma. sA0 kI janma jayantI ke pAvana avasara para manizrI ke udAra zrAvakoM dvArA prakAzita kI gayI hai / isameM munizrI ke preraka evaM anukaraNIya vyaktitva para prakAza DAlane vAle vibhinna muniyoM evaM zrAvakoM dvArA likhe gaye saMsmaraNoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / pustaka paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| x AyAra-sutta (AcArAGgasUtra)-saMpA-anuvAdaka mahopAdhyAya zrI candraprabhasAgara; pR. 8-229; prakAzana varSa-disambara 1989; mUlya-30 rupaye mAtra / prakAzaka--prAkRta bhAratIya akAdamI, jayapura tathA any| AyAra-suttaM AcArAGgasUtra) jaina Agama sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama grantha hai| isameM jaina muni ke AcAra ke jina siddhAntoM aura niyamoM kA manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha

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USE GEE-FLO REFILLS FOR SMOOTH WRITINGS Manufactured by : LION PENCILS PVT. LTD. 23, Nariman Bhavan 2nd Floor, 227 Backbay Reclamation Nariman Point, BOMBAY-400021 Phone ; 230005-241765 Cable : JOCELYN

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zramaNa apraila-jUna 1990 raji0 naM0 ela0 39 phona 311462 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give your moulded product clean flawless tines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel hard chrome-plated for a better finish. Write to Get in touch with us for information on compression. injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing or a sample of your design If required we can undertake jobs right from the designing stage. Nuchem PLASTICS LTD. SADAMDARLLES Engineering Division 2016.Mathura Road, Faridabad (Haryana) Edited by Dr. Sagar Mal Jain and Published by the Director, P. V. Research Institute, Varanasi-221005 Printed at Divine Printers, Sonarpura, Varanasi.