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467 1 sexual intercourse etc. The fifth vow is Aparighranuvraya, which means to have the 1 limited possessions, Unlimited possessions are the root cause of sins. Such pos
sessions are like territories, houses, ornaments, utensils, gold, silver coins, grains, animals, men, women, quadrupeds, clothes, conveyances etc. Under the Gunavratas, the Anarthadandavrata is not to commit unnecessary or purposeless moral ofference, such as talking ill of others, preaching evil, facilitation of destruction (Himsa-pradana), purposeless mischief (Pramadacarita), and faulty reading (Dushruti). In fact, it would include all acts which denigrate others or through which others are hurt or deprived of liberty
The four Siksavratas are intended to prepare the aspirant gradually for the discipline of ascetic life. They are : I) Samayika (to contemplate of the self and atainment of equnimity), 2) Prosadhopavasa (to keep fast on the eighth and the fourteenth day of each fortnight of the month, 3) Bhogopabhoga-parimana (Putting the limit daily on enjoyment of consumable and non-consumable things for that day), and 4) Atithisamvibhagavrata (to entertain some ascetic or needy person with a portion of food who happens to come uninvited). These Siksavratas are to practice the ascetic life. The Acaryas show their progressive trends in fixing them depending on the
various regions, their needs, and times. Dana or gift is on of them. It has played the 1 significant role all along the course of the history of Jainism Somadevasuri in his
Yasastilakacampu (43.765-852) considered at length regarding Patra (the recipient), Data (the giver), Datavya (the thing to given, Danavidhana) the method of giving), and Danaphala (the fruit of giving). All the Jain thinkers are of view that I what is given should be for the pleasure of giving or for the spiritual rise and selfrestraint of ascetics. The householders may also be considered for charity prupose 1 on their genuine needs.
These observations should be in practice to make justice and create congenial ! atmosphere and relationship between fundamental rights and directive priciples of state policy. Ordering someone to bring something illegally from outside the country is also prohibited for householders. Rendering help to one another is the basis to the formula of Jain discipline. Jainism is also dead against terrorism of any kind.
The human Rites are related to observing the humanity. The aforesaid duties of Jain Householder are totally based on humanity covering the religious curtain. They are not confined to only human but extended to all the souls. Jainism advocates for protection of forest, water, air etc. Ecological imbalance is considered as a serious threat to the life of human beings and therefore the Supreme Court considered a right to a pollution free environment as an integral part of Article 21 of the constitution. The mining operations are also included into the act. Jainism might have understood the disturbance of ecology and pollution and affectation of air, water and environment by reason of mining operations and therefore prevented the householder for engaging in the mining business and also such industries which involve any kind of violence and pollution. Deforestation of forests which affects the climate
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