Sanskrit Prakrit Jain Vyakaran aur Kosh ki Parampara

Author(s): Chandanmalmuni, Nathmalmuni, Others
Publisher: Kalugani Janma Shatabdi Samaroha Samiti Chapar

Page 532

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Kramadīśvara also mentions several other sub-dialects, such as, Vrácata, Nāgara, Upanāgara, Srāvanti, etc, besides the four principal Prakrits mentioned by Vararucı He too has not dealt with the Characteristics of those dialects It is only when we come down to Purusottama that we find sundry Prakrit languages or dialects as opposed to the above six of Hemacandra He divides Prakrit into four categories Bbāşā, Vibhāsā, Apabhramśa, and Piśāca Among the bhāsās he includes Mahārāstrī, Sauraseni, Prācyā, Avantī and Māgadlī. To these Rāma Sarmā and Mārkandeya, add three more dialects, such as, Bāblīkī, Däksinātyā, and Ardhamāgadhī, but they have not given any characteristic features of them, because they are the same with the other dialects Bāblīkī with Āvanti, Ardha-māgadhi with Māgdhī, and Daksınātyā is called when it is used in a poem 'sweeter in its essence than even nectar intermingled with words from the south, influenced by sanskrit and other languages' Rāmaśarmā says
Dāksinātya-pada-sambalıtam yat Samskrtā dibhirabhicchuritam ca / Svadusaram amstāt apı Kāvyam Daksinātyām iti tat Kathayanti || (II 2,32)
Mārkandeya (XII. 38 Vstu) also defines the Dākşınātya as follows:
Dāksinātyā-padāvalambı Samskrtāngam Vijrmbhitam / Kāyyam pīJūsanıhşyandi Daksinātyam itīritam ||
Under the vibhāsās he mentions Śākārī, Cândālī, śābarī and Țakki He treats of the three principal Apabhramśas besides several others, such as, Pāñcāla, Vaidarbhī, Lātī, etc., of the many Paiśācī dialects he enumerates the three · Kaikeya, Saurasena and Pāñcāla It is to be noted that Rāmaśarmā and Mārkandeya truly follow the classification of Purusottama with the exception that the former two enumerate many more sub-dialects than the latter A few characteristic features of some of them are mentioned below with their authorities