Fundamental of Ancient Indian Music and Dance

Author(s): Sureshchandra Benarji
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

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Fundamentals of Ancient Indian Music and Dance
(iii) Sātkāri-one singing with repeated hissing sounds. (iv) Bhita-terrified. (v) Sarkita-apprehensive. (vi) Kampita—one who sings habitually shaking the body and
trembling the voice. (vii) Karāli-one who distorts the face alarmingly while singing. (viii) Vikala-one who sings svaras with more or less than
the usual number of śrutis. (ix) Kāki—one whose voice is raucous like that of a crow. (*) Vitāla—one departing from the proper tāla. (xi) Karabha-one singing with the shoulders raised. (xii) Udbhața---singing like a goat. An inferior singer. (xiii) Jhombaka-one whose forehead, face and neck become
sinewy while singing. (xiv) Tumbakı-one whose throat swells like a pumpkin
gourd while singing. (xv) Vakri--one who sings with the curved throat. (xvi) Prasāri-one who sings after stretching the body. (xvii) Nimilaka-one who sings with closed eyes. (xviii) Virasa-one whose song is insipid. (xix) Apasvara-singing with prohibited svaras. (xx) Avyakta-one who sings with stuttering voice and
indistinct letters. (xxi) Sthanabhrasļa--one who is unable to reach the three
sthānas called mandra, madhya and tāra. (xxii) Avyavasthita-Singing with unregulated sthānas. (xxiii) Miśraka--one who sings after mixing up śuddha and
chāyālaga rāgas. (xxiv) Anavadhānaka-inattentive to sthāya etc. According to
Simhabhūpāla, one who reverses the
sthānas. (xxv) Sānunāsika-one who sings with a nasal voice.