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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
(VOL. XXI.
From this inscription it is further learnt that while most of the articles of daily use were obtained by exchange of paddy, there were some which could be had only for cash. A few articles were sold both for grain and money. Among the articles that were obtained exclusively for money may be mentioned sandal-paste, karpūram, kurkumam, honey and turmeric. The purchasing power of one kādu was 8 palams of sandal, 576 palams of sugar, 1 a kalanju of kunkumam, 2 näli of honey or 200 palams of turmeric. The price of cloth varied according to the size. Oil and sugar were obtained both for money and paddy. The price of oil was 20 nali per kāśu ; 10 palams of sugar were obtained in exchange for 16 nāļi of paddy; and 1 käsu fetched 576 palams.
Cereals and vegetables were generally obtained by exchanging paddy. It is seen that milk, curds and salt had the same value and could be had by giving twice the quantity of paddy. Ghee, pepper and cumin were highly prized and they required 32 times their measure of paddy. Unhusked green pulse exchanged with twice the quantity of paddy, while clean pounded pulse required 4 times the quantity of paddy. To get a certain measure of rice, 21 times the quantity of paddy is provided for. This seems to include wages for husking and cleaning.
Betel-leaves, areca-nuts, plantain fruits and cocoanuts were sold by number. A bundle of 80 betel-leaves formed a katļu or parru and its price was 2 nāļi of paddy. A näli of paddy had the purchasing power of 5 areca-nuts or 2 plantain fruits; and 1 kuruni of paddy was exchanged for 3 cocoanuts.
The geographical names that occur in this inscription are easy of identification. Gargapāļi (1.1) is the Western Ganga territory comprising 96,000 villages with its capital at Talakkad or Talakādu. Vēngai-nādu (1.1) is the East coast littoral ruled over by the Eastern Chāļukya kings. Tusgapattirai (1.1), on whose bank a pillar of victory was set up, is the Tungabhadrā. Kūļal Sangama (1.1) or Kūdal (1.4), where more than one battle was fought between the Cholas and the Chāļukyas, is a place at the confluence of the rivers Kļishņā and the Pancha-Ganga. Kösalai (1.2) is the ancient territorial division of Kösala. Gangaimanagar (1.4), Gangāpuri (1.7) or Gangaikondacholapuram (1. 10) is identical with the last-mentionud place in the Udaiyārpālaiyam Taluk of the Trichinopoly District. It was founded by Rājēndra-Chola I (A.D. 1010-1015) and made the capital of the Chõļa dominions. The temple here is of the model of the great Pagoda at Tanjore built by Rājarāja I (A.D. 985-1013). Irattapāļi (1.5) or Rattapādi, 7 lakhs, is the country of the Rattas. Karandai (1. 5) has been identified with Inchal-Karañji, in the neighbourhood of Kūdal-Sangama. Kuntala (1.5) is certainly the Western Chalukya territory. Visaiyavādai (1. 6) is undoubtedly the modern Bezwada. The seven Kalingas (1.6) form the territorial division on the East coast, north of Vēngi, ruled by the Eastern Gaigas. Ilam (1.7) or Ilangai is Ceylon. Chakkarakkottam (1.9) has been identified with Chakrakõtta in the Bastar State. I am not able to trace śönaiyanagar (1.9) and Kāvi (1. 10). Imaiyam (1. 10) is another name for the Himalayas and Sētu (1. 10) is the southernmost point of India near Rāmēšvaram. Madurāntaka-chaturvēdimangalam is no other than Madhurāntakam, A station in the S. I. Railway and the Headquarters of a Taluk in the Chingleput District. Tirumukkūļal, though 10 miles away from it, was included in it in ancient times perhaps for administrative purposes. Jayangondachola-mandalam is the name given to the ancient Pallava territory of Toņdai-mandalam during the days of Rājarāja I, who bore the designation of Jayangonda-Chola. Kasattár-köttam is one of the 24 districts of it. The village of Vayalalkkāvůr (1. 11) and Alpākkam (1.43) are very near Tirumukküdal. Minarkudi in Idaigaļa-nādu, a sub-division of Vijayarājēndra-vaļanāļu in sola-mandalam (1.52) Ayandampākkam in Agudi-nadu, & sab-division of Pular-kottam in Jayangondachola mandalam (1.53 f.), Rājasundari-chaturvēdimangalam in another sub-division of the same province, are other geographical names that occur in this epigraph. 1 Above, XII, p. 298.
• Ibid.
• Ibid.
