Suvas 1939 05 Pustak 01 Ank 11

Author(s): Suvas Karyalay
Publisher: Suvas Karyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034623/1

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suvAsa ANCIENT INDIA (B. C. 900 to A. D. 100=1000 years ) Unparalleled and unprecedented Because * It has a continuous chronology. * It is full of bomb-shell-like and astounding theories, either quite newly proposed or presented with new garments. * All statements are based on inscriptions, coins, evidences of recognized authors and government reports. Hence it is sanctioned by the Director of Public Instruction And approved by the University of Bombay * And, "recommended by many personages of note and scholarship Price : First Vol. Rp. 71-, Second Rs. 101-, Third Rs. 91-, Fourth Rs: 91Total Rs. 351 To subscribers for the whole set Rs. 30/-. . . Please send your orders to: SHASHIKANT & Co. Sole Distributors.com ORIENTAL PUBLISHERS THE NEW BOOK Co. Raopara, opp. Tower, Baroda | Hornby Road, Fort, Bombay

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suRRsa THE SURATI BAKERY RAOPURA ROAD, BARODA IS THE BEST HOUSE FOR DELICIOUS SWEETS A visit to our show-room will convince you of our quality biscuits and a taste of our samples will delight you with the delightful sweetness of our biscuits. Place with us your order for Christmas Cake and other like preparations. Our Speciality-Sweet, invigorating, harmless biscuits for children of one year to five years old. Special biscuits and khari paff best. We also stock English Toffi and chocolates to suit all tastes. Come! and taste our delicious delicacies. Proprietor:-G. R. & SONS Please mention "Suvas" when visiting the advertised shops. MODERN PHOTO ZINCO BLOCK MAKERS LINE, HALFTONE & TRICOLOURS HIGH CLASS SPECIAL SCREEN ARRANGEMENTS FOR FINE WORK Prop: M. S. PUNEKAR RAOPURA, BARODA

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suvAsa kAryAlayanA niyama suvAsa" dareka aMgrejI mahinAnI pAMcamI tArIkha sudhImAM niyamitapaNe pragaTa thaze. namunAne aMka maMgAvanAre pAMca AnAnI TikiTa bIDavI. suvAsa'mAM pragaTa thatA dareka lekhanA lekhakane lekhanI yogyatA pramANe pAnA dITha rU. be thI 1 sudhI ApavAmAM Avaze. A puraskAra svIkAravA sAme jemane vAMdhe na hoya temaNe potAno lekha mokalatI vakhate te lekhanA hAMsIyAmAM "puraskAra' zabda lakho. lekhakone temane lekha pragaTa thayA pachI sAta divasanI aMdara puraskAra mokalI devAmAM Avaze. paNa lekhakane "suvAsa'nA grAhaka gaNI temane maLatAM puraskAramAMthI temanuM grAhakapada cAlu rahI zake eTaluM vaLatara jarUrI gaNAze. dareka lekhakane tenA lekhanI pAMca AuTa prInTasa mokalAze. talasparzI, ne bhASAzuddhi ne kalApUrvaka AlekhAyelA lekho mATe "suvAsa'mAM ucita sthAna che. jeDa saMbaMdhImAM lekhake e gujarAta vidyApIThanA koSane anusaravuM. azuddha lekho mATe asvIkArano bhaya kAyama raheze. svIkArya lekhonI eka aThavADiyAnI aMdara pahoMca ApavAmAM Avaze; asvIkArya je zramapUrvaka AlekhAyelA haze to te ucita nedha sAthe te ja mudatamAM pAcho mokalavAmAM Avaze. te sivAyanA lekhe je lekho TapAla kharca mokalA eka mahinAnI aMdara pAchA nahi maMgAvI le to te rada karavAmAM Avaze. taratamAM pragaTa thayela granthane ame "prakhya paricayamAM sthAna ApIzuM. te sivAyanA granthonI kevaLa nedha ja levAze. bhAratavarSanI prAcIna garavatA tathA mahatvatA jANavI heya * anubhavavI hoya to DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha ela. ema. enDa esa. kRta i. sa. pUrve 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhI 1000 varSane prAcIna bhAratavarSa kharIdo - tame svadezapremI che? , tyAre te tame bhAratavarSane ItihAsa jANatA ja hovA joie na jANatA ho to upalA pustaka mATe Aje ja orDara lakhe agAuthI grAhaka thanArane pAMca bhAganA AkhA seTanA rUA. 22 tyArapachI ane chuTaka AkhA seTanA rU. 30)

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dezI davAo mATe UMjhA Ayurvedika phArmasI 44 varSothI suprasiddha che UMjhA phArmasI kI tathA zA I - strIonA - . ! - nabaLAI mATe - pradara, havA, doSa, vaMdhyatva, | dhAtunI, magajanI tathA zarIranI garbhAzayanA rAge tathA suvArega mATe nabaLAI mATe suMdarI saMjIvanI | amIrI jIvana amRta tulya che. - akasIra che. kimata bA. 1ne rU. 1) bA. 3nA rU. rAtra 3 ki. tolA 10ne rU. 1. ratalanA rU. 4) 0 gAMdhIreDa, amadAvAda muMbAI naM. 2, 'punA sITI tathA UMjhA vaDodarAnA ejanTa-amIna paraphyumarI vakarsa, rAvapurA reDa be rUpiyAnI kiMmatanuM vividha haMmarethI bharapura A pustaka maphata bheTa meLavo ? "naphAkAraka hunnaro bhAga bIjAmAM chApavA mATe lekho ane pro lakhI mokale. A vepAra, rojagAra, kArIgarI ane svAzrayanA paisA kamAvAnI najare vyavahArU lekhe. hunnara, udyoga, vepAra, vaidaka ane gharagaththu upaganI vastuo banAvavAnI sAcI mAhitI pramANasara prage. - maLajhADa, kiMmatI jhADa ane pAnAM vAvetara viSe upaja- kharcanA AMkaDAo sAthe anubhavasiddha lekha. ' kiMmatI, upayogI ane guNakArI vanaspationAM tela, attara, arka, satva, sarakA, sukavaNI, zarabata, murakha, caTaNI, athANuM vigere upayogI vastuo banAvavAnI sAcI mAhitInA pramANasara vigatavAra lekhe. gheDI kiMmatanAM nAnAM hAthamaMtrothI cAlatA udyoganI jANavAjoga saMpUrNa mAhitI. tamee lakhI mokalela eka paNa lekha ke prayoga A pustakamAM chapAze te tenI nakala tamane ghera beThA maphata bheTa maLaze. vadhu no ItI haze to pANI kiMmata vecAtI maLaze. TapAla kharca jI. te uparAMta te lekhakane A pustakamAM TUMkI jAherakhabara chapAvavI haze te maphata chapAze! A pustakamAM tamArI jAhera khabara mata chapAvI vepAra vadhAro. vyavasthApaka zrI lakSmI pustakamALA, pAsTa,sanagara, (aMjAra-kaccha) - - -

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su vA sa. phAguna '95 senA khAsa khela, samazera bahAdura, sva. zrImaMta gAyakavADa nareza sayAjIrAva trIjA

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taba nAza ajJAnatimirAdhAnAM jJAnAM narasTAcA " netramunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrIgurave namaH // - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * w w w w w w , pustaka 1luM ]. vi. saM1905 : phAlDrana [ aMka 11 jIvana satya dUra dUra kSitija paryata anaMta, agAdha sAgara patharAyele paDyo hato. Uce nIla AkAzamAM sUryadeva virAjatA. kinArA prati akhalita vahyAM karatI zAnta, manoramya taraMgamAlAnA manda ghugharava sivAya jalanidhinA vizALa paTa para akhaMDa zAMti vyApI hatI. taTa sanmukha cheDeka dUra samudrapaTa para pANI UMce caDatuM draSTigocara thatuM... .. bIjI ja kSaNe UMcAInA e Urdha zikharethI nIce paDatuM, saDasaDATa Age saratuM te jaladhimAM vilupta thatuM eka ja kSaNa.. ne jyAM prathama jalataraMga vilaya pAmyo hato te ja sthaLethI tenI spardhA karatuM bIjuM mojuM UMce caDatuM ane bIjI ja paLe nija purogAmInI punarAvRtti karatuM samudramAM garakAva thatuM. tyAM trIjuM mojuM janmatuM.....ne nija pUrvajanI jIvanacaryAne anusaratuM ananta jaLamAM samAI jatuM. ane jalataraMganI paraMparA Ama AgaLane AgaLa saMcaratI. anta vIcimAlAno chello virATa taraMga. dastuothI gherAyalA, samarAMgaNamAM jhajhUmatA, ke mahArathInI peThe, niHzeSa dhasArA sAthe aMtima nIralekhA para pharI vaLatA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaraganbhandar.com

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514. suvAsa : phrAlguna 1995 ( 2 ) sahasrarazmi bhAskaradeva, lakSmIdevInI avakRpAe nisteja banelA kA garbhazrImaMtazA, asta pAmatA sAyaMprakAzamAM jhaDapathI kSitija para DhaLI rahyA hatA. mahAsAgara para laTakatA kSitija-vyezamapaTa sAnerI sAndhyateje jhaLahaLI rahyo hatA. samasta vAtAvaraNu krAIka adbhUta kanakavarNI diptie bharyuM vilasI rahyu hatuM. ekAeka saMkhyA pragaTI ane tenAM kasuMbI cIrathI varSAnA metrAkAzane hAyI dIdhuM. saMkhyAnI e manehara raktimAthI Apatu jAjavalyamAna vyAma-- prasaratI kanakajyotine prakAza jhIllI praphullatuM, jIvanta nivRttinA pratikasama bhAsatuM vizva-- abhaMga zAMtimAM divya, sumadhura saMgIta zuM mambu guMjana jagavatI avicala dhArAe vahatI e saumya taragamAlA-- --e sarvanA mizra saudarya-darzane, mArA hradayamAM sahasA jIvana tattvajJAnanA prati darzananA uddabhava thaye.. e samaye samudrataTanAM nIra para dhasyAM AvatAM me!rjA dUra dUra sudhI pharI vaLatAM hatAM. ( 3 ) tAMDavalIlAmAM cakacUra banelA kAI unmatta daityasama pUravege dhasyA AvatA pracaMDa meAjA sAme Takkara jhIlavA arakSita taTanuM alpazakti, niHsahAya nIra taiyAra UbhuM hatuM. jIvanasamudrane Are nirantara cAlyA karatA sat~~asanA zAzvata yuddhanuM jANe AbehUba pratIka ! mahAdhisvarUpa mahAsatya pratye AvirbhUta satyasvarUpa taTajalanA nigUDha hRdayamAM eka ja parama, acala zraddhA ramI rahI che--mahA satyanuM virATa vI pAtAmAM asahya joma pragaTAvaze. pazu eTalAmAM peluM meAAM jhaDapabhera dhasamasatuM AvI ekadama taTAra para pharI vaLe che. eka vipala....... a...... aheA,! A zuM? atyaMta vegapUrNa dhasArA pachI hatAza anelA raNadhIra peThe pele kSavijayI daityataraMga pAchA haThe che, ane sahasA harSanA kilakilATa sahu, aMtima vijayamAM virAjatuM pulakita tIrAdaka, sAvaramAMthI pragaTatA padmasamuM akSata pragaTa thAya che. satya para phaLI vaLelAM asatanAM pUrane cira parAjayanI eTa vaLe che ane nIcethI parama prasAdamAM hasatuM satya zAzvata vijetArUpe pragaTa thAya che.

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sarasvatIne [ pRthvI ] amala padhAra uramaMdira puNyabhAve bharyAM parAga laI naMdane suhata pArijAtA taNeA; ane zikara lAvatuM vizada caiAmagaMgA taNAM karAva ura zAnta je bhavaraNe tapyuM mApatuM. sakriya guMjane hRdayanI vINAne bhare cahuM madhura bhAvanA svara vizuddha tyAMthI sare; kare vahuna maMgalA Rtabharela vANI taNuM mayUra sama tAharA muja kavitanuM meravuM. samurjavala prakAza ehu suratAtA lAva tuM sudghinya matimAkSa raMka zizune tvarAthI kare; cahuM ajaba kalpanA lahara svarganI vistare. bhare sakala vizvane tuja prabhAvane Azraye maneAhara suramya ke sukhada puNya bhAvA vaDe hare gabhIra Ati je manujanAM ure prajavale, mananuM mAnavI mherAmaNa heALatAM chIpaluM re lAdhyuM chIpalAmAM meAtI amUlaH meAtIDe haiyuM mAthuM ! sarariye helatAM peAyaNuM re lAdhyuM, pAyAmAM sArabha amUlaH sAraNe haiyuM sAduM ! jIvana--tala DhUMDhatAM mAnavI re lAdhyuM, mAnavImAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat haiyuM amUlaH haiyAmAM haiyuM. khAyuM ! vivitsu mAhata www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sAhityamAM vAstavavAda ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI = ke daza , Ama to sAmAnya vAtacIta, zAstriya che, itihAsa, vijJAna e sarva sAhitya kahI zakAya nahIM, kAraNa temano kAryapradeza ane sAhityane kAryapradeza judo che. sAhitya sarakhI ja vizuddhi, sAhitya sarakhuM ja baLa e lakhANe ke vAtacItamAM hoya to paNa e lakhANo maryAdA svIkArI ja le che ane sAhityanA pradezamAMthI potAne alaga rAkhe che. tyAre sAhitya e zuM che? sAhityanI ghaNI jAtanI ane ghaNuM rItanI vyAkhyAo thaI che. sAhityanAM varNane paNa ghaNAM thayAM che. e sarva samayAnusAra badalAye jAya che. ekAda tattva gaLAnuM jAya, navuM tattva umerAtuM naya, agara junuM tatva navA svarUpe dAkhala thAya. Ama sAhityanI vyAkhyAo ghaDAya che ane varNane lakhAya che. pUrI aNIzuddha sarvasvIkArya vyAkhyA ke ke varNana hajIsudhI racAyAM nathI. chatAM ghaNAM tattvo maLatAM Ave che, ane sahaja matabheda hovA chatAM sAhitya zuM e saMbaMdhamAM sAmAnya mAnyatAo samajAI jAya evI ja hoya che. - ApaNe hAnAlAlanI kavitAne sAhitya kahIe chIe. "sarasvatIcaMdra' ke gujarAtano nAthane sAhitya kahIe chIe. "vaDalo' ke "AgagADI' jevAM nATakane sAhityamAM gaNIe chIe. "mukuMdarAya" ke "khemI" jevI TUMkI vArtAone sAhitya kahIe chIe. gAMdhIjI ke kAlelakaranA tejasvI lekhone sAhitya kahIe chIe. zA mATe ?-kyAM tattvane anulakSIne ApaNe upalAM daSTAMtane sAhityamAM gaNAvIe chIe? sAhitya vANIne te Azraya le cheja, vANI vagara sAhitya racAya ja nahIM. e vANuM likhita hoya ke alikhita paNa hoya. paraMtu sarva prakAranI vANI-bhASA-zabdaracanA jyAre sAhitya nathI tyAre sAhitya mATenI vANI viziSTa prakAranI te hovI ja joIe. e viziSTatA zAmAM rahelI che ? hAnAlAlano " tAjamahela', baLavaMtarAya ThAkoranI "revA', medhANIne "koine lADakavAyo " agara tribhuvana vyAsanI " kAzmIrA" vAMcatAM ApaNane AkhI zabdaracanA zuddha, suMdara, mehaka, asarakAraka ane lAMbA samaya sudhI sAMbharI rahe evI, vAraMvAra saMbhAravI ane uccAravI game evI lAge che. itihAsamAM evI bhASA na hoya te cAle. vijJAnamAM evI bhASA na hoya te cAle. mAtra sAmAnya bhASAzuddhi ja evAM lakhANa mATe Avazyaka che; je ke bIjA guNo hoya te itihAsa ane vijJAna vadhAre vAMcavA lAyaka bane e kharuM, paraMtu upara kahelA sarva bhASAgu na hoya te itihAsa marato nathI, vijJAna vijJAna banatuM nathI. ghaNI vakhata upara kahelA guNo ItihAsa ke vijJAnane kartavyabhraSTa paNa banAvI de. paraMtu sAhityane te mAtra zuddhi cAle nahIM. zuddhi Avazyaka che, paraMtu sAthe sAthe zabdaracanAmAM saundarya, mohakapaNuM, asara upajAve evuM sAmarthya, manamAM ramI rahe evuM

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sAhityamAM vAstavAda - 517 lAlitya, ane bhavya paDagho pADI raNakArane vistRta banAve e zabdaghora temAM hovAM joIe. te sivAyanI bhASAvALAM lakhANane ApaNe sAhitya kahetA nathI. Ama sAhitya e prathama pagathIye ja zabdakalA banI jAya che-vANIkalA banI jAya che. ane kalA banatA barobara te vAstavatAthI sahaja dUra khasI jAya che, nahIM ? vAstavatAno artha saghaLI vANI ema karavAmAM Ave to jarUra sAhitya vAstavatAthI dUra che. kalA pasaMdagI mAge che, gUMthaNuM mAge che, goThavaNa mAge che, tAravaNI mAge che, cALavaNI mAge che. 'tAjamahela'nA kAvyamAM sAla, saMvata ke tenA zilpInuM nAma nathI. kAzmIrA nAcI rahI" e kAzmIra pradezanA varNanamAM tyAMne rAja keNa che, ane kAzmIranI vastI keTalI che e hakIkata ApI nathI. keIne lADakavAyAne thayelA jakhamamAM keTalA zera lehI vahyuM agara jakhama keTaluM lAMbo pahoLo hato tenAM vajana mApa ApelAM nathI. vAstavikatA kadAca A badhI vigate mAge. paraMtu sAhitya AvI vigato ApI vAstavikatAne piSe ema ApaNe kadI kahetA nathI. 'tAjamahela vAMcI tAjamahelanuM citra khaDuM thAya e to jarUra sAhitya mAge. tAjamahelanuM saundarya ane supramANe pratyakSa thAya e paNa sAhitya mAge. paraMtu tAjamahelanA ghummaTanI thula UMcAine gaja-tasu bharavA karatAM judI ja Dhabe sAhitya tenI UMcAI mApe cheH premanI bhasma dhArIne digate mAMDI AMkhaDI. premanI jogaNa ke A jue vahAlAnI vATaDI." tAjamahelanI dhavalatA bhasmathI oLakhAI digaMtamAM maLelI AMkhathI UMcAI parakhAI, ane hAlAnI vATa jotI jogaNamAM zAhajahAnanI AkhI bhavya premakathAnI pIThikA samajAI. vAstavikatA emAM nathI, chatAM zabda ane zabdathI racAtA e bhAvacitramAM pArthiva vAstavikatA karatAM paNa vadhAre satya evI aitihAsika ane mogala saMskRtinI rasamaya aMtaraMga vAstavikatA UpasI rahI che. ahIM sAhitya ghaNuM choDI dIdhuM. nathI sAla, nathI mApa, nathI paththaranI jAta, nathI dhaDanAra zilpInAM nAma ke nathI eNe banAvelA nakazA. sAhitya kalA banI evI zabdaracanA karI ke jemAMthI e vAstavika to gALI kahADyAM. teNe judA ja zabdo vAparyA ane tAjamahelanI judI ja Dhabe goThavaNa karI. chatAM ApaNane tenI zabdaracanA game che, ane zabdaracanAe UbhuM kareluM citra paNa ApaNane game che. kAraNa? sAhitya vAstavikatAne uvekhe che mATe? nA. kalAnI vAstavikatA ane sAmAnya vAsatavikatAmAM phera hoya che mATe. vANIe vAstavika bhASAmAMthI pasaMdagI karI, cALavaNI karI ane pitAne suyogya jaNAyelAM tanI goThavaNI karI. eTale sAhitya e bhASA viziSTha che. bhASAnAM saundarya ane sAmartha upara avaliMbana letI e vANukalA che. sAhityanuM Ama prathama aMga bhASAsaundarya, bhASAsauSThava ane bhASAsAmartha. e aMgane jyAM abhAva tyAM sAhityane abhAva. saundaryaviheNI, 'sAvaviheNI, sAmarthaviheNI bhASAne ApaNe kadI sAhitya kahI zakIzuM nahIM.

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briTiza prajAsaMghamAM hiMdanuM sthAna lekhaka zrI prANazaMkara joSI raMgadveSano durga nA kartA briTiza sAmrAjyane janma briTiza sAmrAjyanuM kSetraphaLa eka karoDa ogaNacALIsa lAkha navajAra sAtase khyAmI corasa mAIla che. pRthvI paranA dareka khaMDamAM te patharAyuM che. pRthvInI kula vastInA cotho bhAga briTiza sAmrAjyamAM vase che. tenAM kSetraphaLa ane vastInA AMkaDA A pramANe cheH khaMDa kSetraphaLa vastI corasa mAIlamAM yuropa 1,21,512 5,00,00000 eziyA 18,24,550 36,60,00000 AphrikA 46,52,000 6,00,00000 uttara amerikA 38,93,020 1,20,00000 madhya amerikA 8,600 50,000 vesTa InDIjha 12,300 20,000.00 dakSiNa amerikA 97,800 - 3,20000 ezanIyA 33,00,000 1,05,000.00 1,39,09782 50,08,70,000 briTiza sAmrAjyanI 50 karoDanI vastImAM 7 karoDa gorAo, 36 karoDa hiMdIo, 4 karoDa kALA ke, 60 lAkha arabo, 60 lAkha malA, 10 lAkha cInAo ane 10 lAkha pilonesIane, reDa inDiyana vagere che. A vastImAM 21 karoDa hiMduo, 10 karoDa muslImo, 8 karoDa khristIo, savA karoDa bauddho, 40 lAkha zIkha-jaina ane pArasIo, sADA sAta lAkha yahudIo ane bAkInA jaMgalI dharmo pALanArA che. bhaugalika dRSTie briTiza tAja heThaLa khaMDavAra nIce pramANe dezo che: yuropa-greTabriTana, AyaDa, jIbrAlTara, moTA, sAIprasa, cenala TApuo. eziyA-hiMda, laMkA, brahmadeza, eDana, malAyA, briTiza northa beni, sArAvAka, hoMgakaeNga, pelesTAIna. AphrikA-da. AphrikA, bri. pUrva AphrikA, bri. pazcima AphrikA, bri. somAlIlenDa, misara, sudAna, meriziyasa, sizilsa, nAIjIriyA.

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briTiza prajA saMghamAM hiMdanuM sthAna 519 osTreleziyA-osTreliyA, nyujhIlAMDa, phIjI, pApuA ane pesiphika mahAsAgaranA saMkhyAbaMdha TApuo. amerikA-keneDA, nyuphAunDalenDa, bri. vesTa inDIjha, bri. lADurAsa, briTiza gInA, phekalenDa TApuo, bahAmAjha, TrInIDADa, baraDuDA. rAjadvArI daSTie, briTiza sAmrAjya pAMca vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya. 1. greTabriTana ane svarAja bhogavatAM saMsthAno. 2. hiMda jevo darajajo bhogavatA deze. 3. kelenIo. 4. proTekaTareTo. 5. rASTrasaMghanA menDeTa heThaLanA dezo. saMskRtinI dRSTie, briTiza sAmrAjyanA be bhAga pADI zakAya. 1. greTa briTana, cha saMsthAna, sAIprasa, vesTa I-DIjha vagere pAzcAtya saMskRtivALA dezo. 2. hiMdu, laMkA, malAyA, hoMgakaeNga, menDeTa heThaLanA pradeza jevA ke pelesTAIna, TAMgAnIkA, semoA vagere; pesiphika ane hiMdI mahAsAgaranA TApuo, ane bIjA bIna-gorI saMskRtivALA ane kevaLa sAmrAjyanI salAmatI mATe rAjadvArI hetusara briTiza vaja heThaLa rakhAyelA deze. AjanA vizALa briTiza sAmrAjaya para sUryAsta thato nathI. jyAre sAmrAjyanA eka ardha bhAga para rAtri hoya che tyAre bIjA adha bhAga para sUrya prakAzato hoya che. RtuonuM paNa evuM ja baMdhAraNa thayuM che. sAmrAjyano eka bhAga jyAre unALo mANata hoya che tyAre bIjo bhAga ziyALAnI ThaMDI anubhavatA hoya che. jagatane koI paNa khaMDa, ke mahAsAgara briTiza sAmrAjayanI ochIvattI sattA vagarano nathI. sAmrAjyamAM keTalAka sarvocca parvata, sarvottama sarovaro ane sarvazreSTha saritAo che. vizvanI pratyeka prakAranI AbohavA, pratyeka prakAranI dharatI, pratyeka prakAranuM khanIja briTiza sAmrAjyamAM che. AjanuM briTiza sAmrAjya vividha bhASA, saMskRti, dharma, kAma, varNa ane AkRtivALuM sahasraraMgI mALakhuM che. sAmrAjyane sudaDha pAyo briTiza TApuo che, jyAre ImArata vividhaguNI che. rAjadvArI daSTie, A briTiza kaLAmahela sauMdarya ane kadrupatA, Arogya ane mAMdagI, svAdhInatA ane parAdhInatA, samAnatA ane asamAnatAnA pASANathI caNA che. A kaLAmahelanI keTalIka ITa briTiza paramArthanuM gIta lalakAre che ne keTalIka ITa vira svArthanuM darzana karAve che. * briTiza sAmrAjyanuM zAsana paNa vividharaMgI che. keTalIka prajA o briTiza tAja heThaLa svarAja mANe che, te keTalIka gulAmImAM sabaDe che; keTalIka svarAjane pathe kUca karI che, keTalIka prajAe kaze rAjadvArI vikAsa sAdhyo nathI, keTalIka prajAne rAjadvArI gati chatAM AtmanirNayane adhikAra ApavAmAM AvatA nathI. AkhI briTiza pRthvI-vyApI

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520 - suvAsa : phAlguna 1995 altanataneA prANa greTabriTana che. mahAna samrATa tyAM ja rahe che. AkhuM sAmrAjya lazkarI rakSaNa mATe eja greTabriTana tarapha mITa mAMDe che. briTiza sAmrAjya leAkAte Avazyaka dareka vastu pUrI pADe che. evA kAI manuSyakhArAka nathI ke je tyAM ugADavAmAM na AvatA hoya ! eve kAI udyoga nathI ke je tyAM vidyamAna na hoya. vidyA, kaLA, hunnaranA akhUTa khajAne briTaza sAmrAjyamAM najare paDe che ane tene pRthvIne khUNe khUNe prasarelA vepAra tenuM udAharaNa che. "3 briTiza leAkeAnA moTA samudra sAmrAjyane sArvajanika nyAya ane dRSTAMtarUpa paramArthanAM akhaMDa vahetAM jharaNAM " rUpa varNave che jyAre keTalAka tene vividha tattvavALuM mALakhuM lekhe che. te " kAI sthaLe DagamagatuM che, te khIje sthaLe damanakAraka che, dhar3e bhAge Adarza vagaranuM che te thADA mATe phAyadAkAraka che. ' * briTiza sAmrAjya 400 varSa pahelAM janmyuM te pahelAM jagate vividha sAmrAjye joyelAM. ekhIlAna, irAna, grIsa ane rAmanAM samrAjyAe vizvane sAmrAjyavAdanA paDe bhaNAvelA. Aje jema hIMda ane khInna dezeA briTiza sAmrAjyavAdanA sANasAmAM jakaDAyA che, tema khuda briTana paNa 2000 varSa pahelAM rAmana sAmrAjyavAdanA khapparamAM jhaDapAyeluM. teNeya paradezI zAsana heThaLa parAdhInatAnI meDIe khakhaDAvelI. e samayanA briTiza ItihAsa preraNAtmaka ke gAravabharyAM nathI. e te pazutva ane manuSyatva vaccenI saMskRtine che. e samaye hiMdu saMskRtinI sarvocca kaLAe khaDuM hatuM. tenA pratApanA sUrya pUrNa kaLAe prakAzatA hato. 1901mAM dilhI darabAra prasaMge hiMdanA vAyasarAya laoNrDa karjhane A satya uccAravAnI hiMmata dAkhavI hatI. teNe kahyuM: "jyAre aMgreje jaMgalamAM rakhaDatA ane peAtAnAM zarIra| raMgatA, jyAre briTiza kaeNlenIe kevaLa araNya ke jaMgala hatAM, tyAre hiMdamAM zaktizALI sAmrAjye hastI dharAvatAM hatAM ane khIlyAM hatAM. hiMdu pRthvInA paTa paranA kAI paNa deza karatAM janasamAjanA ItihAsa, tattvajJAna ane dharma para vadhAre UMDI chApa pADI che, ' rAmana sAmrAjya gulAma rAjyanuM baneluM, Ama chatAM briTana para teNe khAsa upakAra karelA. teNe briTanamAM saMskRti ANI, lekane mANasa banAvyA; rAjataMtra sthira karyuM; khetIne dhaNI samRddha karI; khANakAma, kAMtaNa, vaNATa, raMga, kuMbhArakAma vagere udyogo khIlavyA, rAmana buddhie briTanane suMdara rastA ApyA, vepAra ApyA, sudhArA ApyA, dharma ApyA, sADAcAraso varSanA suMdara zAsana bAda, rAmana lekAe sadAne mATe briTana cheDayuM. ema kahevAya che ke A samaye briTananA lekA raDelA. teo haju sva-rakSaNa mATe zaktimAna thayA na hatA. briTane haju paradezI amalanI vizeSa dhUsarI khamavAnI bAkI hatI. aMgrejo mULa uttara jarmanI ane DenmArkanA vatanI cengalsa, sakasansa, jyuTasa ane evI khIjI TayuTAnika jAtAnA vaMzajo che. teee rAmana-palAyanane lAbha lIdhA ane ceAthI ane pAMcamI sadImAM briTanane ghaNA kharA bhAga paDAvI laI peAtAnuM zAsana jamAvyuM. lagabhaga 11mI sadI sudhI briTana je have iMglAMDa banyuM hatuM, te eka yA khIcha prajAnA rAjAe heThaLa parAdhIna rahyuM.

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briTiza prajAsaMghamAM hiMdanuM sthAna para I. 1066mAM neminayuga zarU thayo. vijetA viliyamanA rAjazAsana heThaLa IMglAMDe aikyanA zrI gaNeza mAMDayA. paradezI narmanoe sabaLa sarakAra sthApI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa eka sadImAM teo pote aMgreja banyA ane ekatra rASTrano pAyo nAkhyo. bAramI sadImAM rAjAonA trAsane aMge, prajA svarAjanA pATha bhaNavA lAgI ane judAM judAM kSetromAM rAjadvArI pragati thaI. I. sa. 1215mAM meganAkArTIe rASTrIya ho svIkAryA ane zAhI pArlAmeMTanI sthApanA thaI. * A arasAmAM yurepanA nAvikamAM navIna dezone zodhavAnI tamannA jAgI hatI. A tamannAnuM paheluM kAraNa potAnA dezanI Arthika sthiti hatI, tethI nAvikene rAjya taraphathI uttejana apAtuM: vasavATa ane kArabhAranA haka apAtA. * navIna dezonI zodha karavAno jaza porTugIjha, spenIza ane ITAliyana prajAone jAya che. greTa briTana, phrAMsa ane helAMDa AvAM sArAmAM bIjI paMktie che, jyAre jarmanI te kevaLa heluM jAge che. navIna dezonI zodha be dizAmAM vaheMcAyelI hatI. pUrvamAM yuropane samRddhinI DoLamAM havaDAvanAra hiMda pahoMcavAno prayAsa hato, ane pazcime ATalAMTika mahAsAgara DhaDhaLavAno hato. I. sa. pUrve 327mAM grIsanA samrATa sikaMdare hidanI bhUmi para paga mUkele tyArathI eziyAne bhUmArga yuropavAsIone jANa thayo hato, paNa AkhA eziyAne pravAsa karanAra keI yuropIya beTe haju sudhI nIkaLyo na hato. eno yaza to venisanA be bhAiene teramI sadImAM maLe. nikale ane mekio pile nAmanA venisanA vatanI be bhAIoe nikalanA putra ane mephionA bhatrIjA mArko pila sAthe I. sa. 1271 thI I. sa. 1295 sudhInI paNa sadI daramiyAna AkhA eziyAno pravAsa karelo. mA pilee e samayanA eziyAnI sAmAjika, vepArI ane rAjadvArI paristhitinuM hubahu varNana pitAnA pravAsagraMthamAM karyuM che. A grantha piNA baso varSa sudhI apragaTa rahyo. I. sa. 1477mAM A graMtha pragaTa thayo tyAre prathama venisa sAkSa ane pachI AkhA yuropa samakSa bhAratane vaibhava prasiddhimAM Avyo. venisa ane AnA hiMda sAthenA vepArane ane ITalinI Arthika pragatine kharekhara prAthamika yaza A graMthane ja ghaTe che. A rIte ITalie pahelAM paradeza-pagaraNa mAMDayAM, paNa navIna deze kabaje karavAnuM ane sAmrAja. sthApavAnuM paNa bIjA dezanA kapALe ja lakhAyuM hatuM. - venisa ane noAnI hiMda sAthenA vepArane aMge thayelI samRddhi pATuMgAlane kheMcI. teNe samRddha porTugAlanA svapnAM sevyAM ane hiMda pahoMcavA mATe jaLamArga sUMDhavA mAMDyo. samudro DhaLavAnI A bhAvanAe jagatane navo ItihAsa sarajAvyo che, jagatanI pragati ke adhogati ANI che, jagata para yuropanI ANa pharakAvI che, ane jagatanA dUra dUra paDelA khaMDe ane dezone janasamAjanA saMsargamAM mUkyA che. - A badhI sapharanuM lakSyabiMdu bhArata hatuM. A badhA prayAsane pradhAna Azaya pata pitAnA dezone bhAratanI samRddhinA mahAsAgaranAM puNya-jaLathI havaDAvavAno hato. A bhAratane nAme aneka puNe ane aneka pApa jagatabharamAM yuropanA dezane hAthe thayAM che. '

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para2 suvAsa phAguna 1995 A madhyayugane ItihAsa yuropane mATe Arthika vedanAne, dhArmika ghelachA ane yuddhone, ane sAthe sAthe sAmrAjyavAdanA punarjanmano hato. IglAMDe te varSanAM yuddhamAM phAMsane parAjaya karavA mathana karyuM hatuM, paNa tene niSphaLatA varI hatI. umarAvonI sattA paDI bhAMgI hatI ane TayuDarane damanabharyo amala zarU thayo hato. porTugalamAM dhArmika jusso UchaLI rahyo hato. krizciyAniTi tene muddAmaMtra ane ArAdhya-vastu hatI. porTugalanA rAjA prinsa henarIe pote hiMdanA pravAsanuM pagaraNa mAMDayuM. I. sa. 1470-75mAM porTugIjha vahANavaTI gAme AIvarI ane gohaDa kosTa zodhI AphrikAte pazcima kinAre DhaLavA mAMDaze. I. sa. 1481mAM gInIne akhAta, I. sa. 1482-84mAM kengo nadInuM mukha. I. sa. 1488mAM kepa opha guDa hopa ane I. sa. 1497mAM hiMdane A jaLamArga zodhAyo. porTugIjha i. sa. 1516mAM cIna ane I. sa. 154ramAM jApAna sudhI paNa pahoMcyA hatA. hidane jaLamArga zodhavA mATe prathama hAma bhIDanAra ane tenI saphaLatA mATe pAyo. nAkhanAra prinsa henarI dha nevigeTaranI bhAvanA vepAra karatAM dharmayuddhanI vadhAre hatI. e satya A prasaMge ApaNe raju karIe te arathAne na gaNAya. te jagatane krizciyAniTinuM kara zarabata pIvaDAvavA mATe paNa kaTibaddha hate. mi. jemsa e. viliyamasana pitAnA graMtha-A Short History of British Expansion-mAM A satya pratye lakSa kheMcatAM kahe che: "prinsa henarIne jusso eka vepArIne nahi, paNa dharmaSThAne hatuM. tenuM "hiMda" eTale eka krizciyana deza. te nAstikene ucheda karavA madade dhAya ja. prinsa henarIe A Azaya eka buddhizALI kuratA ane aDagatA vaDe AgaLa dhapAvelo. jyAre dukhiyA habasIo pArTugAlane kinAre UtaratA ane bhAre Akrada vacce gulAmonA lIlAma vaDe temanAM kuTuMba chinnabhinna karavAmAM AvatAM tyAre tenuM hadaya akathya saMtoSabhAve pokArI UThatuM, "vAha, teonA AtmA rakSAyA che. mArA vagara teo rakhaDI paDayA ja hota ! " vAsko DI gAmA hiMda pahoMcyA tyAreya hiMda "krizciyana" deza che e bhramaNa cAlu rahelI. kAlIkaTamAM eka jaNe tene pUchyuM "zuM joIe ?" vAke DI gAmAe javAba vAH "krizciyane ane tejAnA." teoe hiMdu maMdiranAM ane hiMdu devanAM krizciyana dhArIne darzana karyo. teo traNa mAsa hiMda rahyA tyAM sudhI e rasika bhUla cAlu rahI. teone krizciyAniTi to vAstavika rIte nahatI maLI, paNa tejAnA maLyA hatA. jyAre hiMdane jaLamArga tUTavAne yaza porTugIjha nAvikAne che, tyAre ATalAMTika mahAsAgara oLaMgI amerikA tUDhI kAThavAne prathama yaza iTAliyana nAvikane che. kelimbasa chane AmAM janmele, paNa te vakhatanuM ITali eka deza tarIke navIna deza zodhavAnAM sAhasane uttejatuM na hatuM. tene rAja rAje bhaTakavuM paDyuM. chevaTe spene tene Azare ApaNe ane I. sa. 149ramAM te amerikA pahoMcyo. sAmAnya mAnyatA evI che ke amerikAnI dharatI para pahele paga mUkanAra goro puruSa limbasa che, paNa aitihAsika pUrAvo ethI virUddha che. amerikasa vejyuziyasa nAmanA ITAliyana nAvike kolambasanI pahelAM A khaMDa joyo hato ane e satya 1507mAM tenA

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briTiza prajAsaMghamAM hiMdanuM sthAna para pravAsa-varNanamAM prasiddha thatAM e khaMDanuM nAma tenA pitAnA nAmane anulakSIne amerikA apAyuM che. kelambase te A baDane hiMdustAna ja dhAreluM. teNe e khaMDanI mULa prajAne nAma paNa "InDiyansa" ApyuM. e bhUla pAchaLathI samajAI, spenanA leke nirAza thayA, paNa "InDiyana' zabda to tyAMnI mULa vastI mATe haju sudhI rahI gayo che. Ama chatAM paMdaramI ane soLamI sadI spenanI pragati mATe yAdagAra rahI jaze. - kolambase spenane nAnA moTA TApuo zodhI ApavAnI pahela karI. e sAthe ja spenIza nAvike paNa ATalAMTika ane pesiphika mahAsAgaramAM ghUmI vaLyA ane AkhA amerikA khA para spenano vAvaTo pharakavA lAgyo. IMglAMDa, niHzaMka, penanI peThaLa ja cAlyuM. teNe jIAmAM janmelA bIjA nAvika jona kebaTane Azaro Apyo. kebaTane paNa kelambasanI jema khabara na hatI ke pazcime amerikA khaDa vacce paDe che. tene pazcimane samudra eLagI eziyA paheAMcavAnI hAma hatI. I. sa. 1495-96mAM teNe rAjA henarI sAtamA pAsethI pUrva uttara ke pazcima game te samudro ghUmavAnI ane navA dezo kabaje karavAnI sattA lIdhI. I. sa. 1497mAM kebiTa 18 khalAsIo sAthe UpaDyo. teNe nyu phAunDalenDa ane keneDA zodhyAM. Ama hiMdanA jaLamArganI zodha ane keneDAnI zodha eka ja varSe thaI. keba. ahIM IMglAMDa ane venisanA dhvaja pharakAvyA. teNe paNa kAlabasanA jevI ja bhUla karI. teNe A pradeza eziyAne ja kaI bhAga che ema mAnyuM. 18 Disembara 1497 nA roja kebaTanA eka milAnavAsI sAthIe pitAnA rAjAne lakhyuM: "Apa nAmadAra ghaNI pravRttimAM haze, chatAM Apa mahArAjAe talavAranA ekeya ghA vagara atre eziyAno eka bhAga sara karyo che e jANuM Apa nArAja nahi thAo." I. sa. 1498 mAM kebare bIjI saphara karI tyAre tene mAlama paDayuM ke e kaMI eziyA khaMDa nathI. e te kevaLa keI ajANyo nirjana pradeza che. soLamI sadIe IMglAMDanA rASTrIya vikAsano navayuga zarU karyo hato. paMdaramI sadI samApta na thaI tyAM te khristavAde pUrva ane pazcimanA navA deza sevA mAMDyA hatA. pirTugale riddhi siddhi ne samRddhithI chalabalatuM bhArata nihALyuM hatuM. tyAre tenAja pADozI spene panAmAnI saMgIbhUmi vaTAvI dakSiNa amerikAnuM sonA rUpAthI chalabalanuM sAmrAjya hastagata karyuM hatuM. A navayuga naitika daSTie kalaMkita che, aitihAsika daSTie kALe che, paNa eka sAmrAjyavAdanI daSTie nedhavAjoga che. IMglAMDano A yuga pena ane porTugAla pratyena dezane, teoe sAhasathI meLaveluM paDAvI levAno hato. A yuge sAmrAjyavAdane janma Ape. teNe briTanane hAthe aneka cerI, lUMTaphATa, dagaphaTa karAvyAM. teNe latane TUMDhatA. dezadezo vacce kApAkApI karAvI. teNe vepArane nAme gulAmIne uttejI. teNe vepArane nAme dezAvaramAM rAjadvArI ane Arthika ghusakAnIti AdarI. teNe eja bahAne keTalIka mULa vastInuM dUra nikaMdana kADhI nAkhyuM. soLamI sadImAM sara TrAnsIsa ke pRthvInI pradakSiNA karI nAmanA meLavI. paNa sAthe sAthe dakSiNa amerIkAmAM spenanuM sonuM rU5 corI chUpathI tUTI dveSanItinuM pradarzana karyuM.

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524 suvAsa : phAlguna 1995 tyArabAda varjiniyAmAM thANuM geAThavAyuM ane hiMdamAM isTa InDIA kaMpanIdrArA kAThIe sthApavAmAM AvI. spena ane porTugalane pApanI maMjurIthI maLelA iArA sAme laDanArI seALamI sadI pUrI thai ane sattaramI sadIe heAlAMDa sAthe yurepanA vepAra mATe yuddha khelAvyAM ane briTiza sAmrajyavAdane vadhu vikAsa thayeA. nyu phAunDalenDa, myuDA, nyu iMglAMDa, bahAmAjha, jamaikA, merIlenDa, muMbaI, madrAsa, vagere briTiza sAmrAjyavAdanA chatra heThaLa AvyAM. .. A sadImAM phrAMse mAthuM UMcakayuM hatuM. teNe sainigAla, seningabIyA, ekeDIyA ( navAskrAziyA ), pAMDIcerI, vesTa inDIjhanA gheADA TApue, luisIAnA vagere kabaje karI harIpha sAmrAjya sajyuM hatuM. A sadI briTananA AMrika vahIvaTa ane prajAkIya jIssA mATe IMglAMDanA itihAsamAM prasiddha che. hiMdamAM rAjAne prazna hajI Ajeya aNuukela rahyo che, tyAre iMglAMDe briTiza samrATanI sattAone nikAla lagabhaga 300 varSa pUrve karI dIdhele. rAjA ane prajA vacce, rAkhaenA niraMkuza zAsananA 'digdha hakka ane prajAnA svAtaMtryanA janmasiddha hakka vacce athaDAmaNeA jAmI hatI. "" A yuga sTuarTa rAntamene hatA. iMglAMDa ane skeATalAMDanA pahelA rAjAnA vakhatamAM rAjAne pArlAmeTathI svataMtra ane kAyadAthI para banAvavAnI pravRtti zarU thatAM rASTrIya AjhAdI AphatamAM AvI. i. sa. 1604 mAM pArlAmenTe rAjazAsananI javAbadArImAM bhAga levAne hakka nahera karyAM. rAghna jemsa pahelAnA magajamAM zAhI sarvoparitAnuM bhUsuM bharAyuM hatuM. tenuM zAsana Apakhuda hatuM. tene prAnA TekAnI kiMmatane khyAla sarakhAye na hate. paNa aMgreja prajA AjhAdI mATe kaTibaddha thayelI hatI. I. sa. 1621 mAM pArlAmeMTa rAjAnA pradhAne para aMkuza rAkhavAnA hakka pharIthI nahera karyAM. renca pahelA prajAmatane sAttvana ApavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDayA. A paristhitimAM tenA putra pahelA cArlsa sAmenA baLavA mATe tenuM peAtAnuM rAjasAzana bhUmikA rUpa banyuM hatuM. i. sa. 1625 mAM pahelA cArlsa gAdIe beThA ane teNe praznakIya zAsananA sAmanA karavA mAMDayA, tyAre divAne Ame, pArlameMTanuM baMdhAraNa TakAvI rAkhavAnA aDaga nirNaya dAkhavyeA. aMgreja prajAe pArlAmeMTanA svAtaMtryanuM raNazIgu phUMkayuM; rAjAne te Apakhuda taMtrane pratyeka kSetramAM sAmaneA karyAM. chevaTe i. sa. 1642mAM rAjA rAjya kare ke pArlAmeTa rAjya kare ene nikAla lAvanAra AMtara-vigraha phATI nIkaLyA. pArmeTavAdIene lazkarI vijaya thayA ane I. sa. 1649 mAM pahelA cArlsane phrAMsI apAi. leAkazAsanane A vijaya briTiza itihAsamAM yAdagAra prasaMga banI gayA che. cArlsanuM mAthuM iMglAMDanA bhAvi rAjA mATe eka camakAvanArA dRSTAMta rUpa banI gayuM che. aDhAramI sadIe briTiza sAmrAjyane vega vadhatAye joyA ane amuka sthaLe kapAye joye, IMglAMDe peAtAnI bhUmi para leAkarazAsanavAda mATe yuddha khelyuM, svAtaMtryanI vedI para cArlsanuM mAthuM hemyuM, paNa amerikana kaeNlenIne rAjakArabhAramAM pratinidhitva ApavAnI nA pADI. amerikana kAlAnIee baLavA jagAvyo ane svAtaMtrya prApta karyuM. A phaTakAe IMglAMDanA kAna camakAvyA ane amerikAnuM yunAITeDa sTeTasa khAvA mATe varSo sudhI pastAvA karyAM. A pachaDATa sivAya iMglAMDanI sAmrAjyavAdI kUca cAlu rahI hatI ane kudaratI

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briTiza prajAsaMdhamAM hiMdanuM sthAna para sahAya ane AMtararASTrIya saMjAgoe e kUcane vegavaMtI karI hatI. phreMca sAme yuddha khelI hiMda ane keneDA jItavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. spena pAsethI chabAsTara ane Daca pAsethI ke kolenI jhUMTavI levAmAM AvyAM hatAM. osTreliyA ane nyujhIlAMDa paNa Aja sadImAM zodhAyAM hatAM. briTane TriniDADa tathA bIjA vesTa InDIyana TApuo amerIkAmAM ane sTeTasa seTalamenTasa eziyAmAM paNa A sadImAMja jItelAM. ogaNIsamI sadImAM briTiza sAmrAjyanI sattA ane mahattA jagatabharamAM jamAvI dIdhAM. tene vistAra prajAe prajAmAM ane khaDakhaMDamAM thayo. ardha AphrikA khaMDa ane AkhA osTreleziyA khaMDa para paNa briTiza vAvaTA pharakavA lAge, traNa sadImAM briTana nAnakaDA kaMgAla kRSi-pradhAna dezamAMthI didigata ANa pheravanAra, aneka dezo para zAsana karanAra, jagatanuM abhUtapUrva, samartha ane samRddha mahAsAmrAjya banI gayuM. na jAne ! mehana Thakkara [vasaMtatilakA] jyAre anaMta phalake aNadITha pIMchI AlekhI re' subhaga mehaka raMga rekhA, jyAre dharI kSaNa kSaNe navatA aprIchI saMdhyA lase, akaDuM hasI bIja lekhA, jyAre rahe maghamaghI zuci soNalAM zAM sohAmaNuM parama premaLa pArijAta, jyAre jhage tarala-tAraka-teja-bhAta mugdhA ure saLakatI priya saMskRtizA! jyAre kilelI madhu sArasa jeDaluM ye nIDe paLe, zizu DhaLe nija mAta che, jyAre samasta jaga jhIlatuM meda chaLe, saundarya divya jhamatAM aNue aNue, tyAre ya re kamanasIba huM eka zAne jIruM, viSAda uramAM zIda A? na jAne!

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ApaNuM rAsasAhitya [prAcIna] lekhaka: pre. caturabhAI zaMkarabhAI paTela ema. e., ela ela, bI. [3] gujarAtamAM garabInI hAka vagADanAra rasarAjavI dayArAmanuM darzana karatA pahelAM ApaNe keTalAka chUTaka-guTaka kavio joI jaIe. rAmabhakta bhAlaNanAM rAmabAlacarita ane kRSNalIlAnAM pado garabIomAM gaNI zakAya evAM che, jo ke e pado eka saLaMga kRtinA aMga rUpe hoI chUTaka pado jeTalAM pracalita nathI thayAM. paMDita bhAlaNanuM dhyeya chUTaka pada racavAnuM hatuM ja nahi. ene te kAdambarI ane naLAkhyAna jevAM lAMbAM kAvyo sarjavAM hatAM. tema chatAM ene nAme cAlatuM "sAMbhaLa re tuM sajanI mArI, rajanI kayAM ramI AvI re ?" e rasika pada enI rAsasiddhinI pratIti karAve che. kaviziromaNi premAnanda Adarza rasabharyA AkhyAne dvArA gurjarIne samRddha karavAne hatA, eTale eNe paNa bhAlaNanI mAphaka nhAnAM pada para pitAnI lekhinI calAvI nathI. bAkI sarvAMgasundara AkhyAnane bhavya prAsAda sarjanAra enI unnata pratibhAne sAdA padane eka laghu khaMDa race e ramatavAta hatI. dazamaskaMdhanuM manohara rAsavarNana rAsanuM atyuttama udAharaNa hAI e vAtanI sAkSI pUraze. sehAmaNI zaradamAM 'svarUpa zyAma, kATi kAma " zrIkRSNa "vAmadakSiNa sundarI gopI sAtha' rasika rAsa khelI rahyA che, " jhamaka tAla, bIjabALa rasALa gIta" gAI rahI che ane cIra khase haste tALI daI de' evI rasamastImAM rAsa aura cagI rahyo che. enuM citra mahAkavi premAnanda kevuM jIvaMta ane tadrupa Alekhe che! "Ananda kanda, nanda-nanda, chanda rAga rAgaNI, veNu vAya, gIta gAya, sarala sahu sohAmaNIH rUpa sarasa, soLa varasa, rame aMka laI laI gepALalAla, zaradakALa rame rAsa thaI thaI. coraTI ke, geraTI ke, zyAmaLI sehAmaNuka ke sohinI, manamohinI, kaTAkSa kIkI kAmanIH rAsaramaNa, bramaNa namaNa, lIlA kahuM kaI kaI gopALalAla, zarada kALa, rame rAsa theI thaI." premAnandanI bhramarapacIsI ane dANalIlA paNa garabInA uttama namunA tarIke gaNI zakAya ema che. e jotAM kahevuM joIe ke potAne viSe nahi chatAM e siddhahasta sAhityakAre gauNa rIteya gauravabharI garabIo gujarAtane caraNe dharI che.

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ApaNuM rAsasAhitya prAcIna para rAdhAkRSNanA pUjArI ratnezvaranA rAdhAkRSNanA mahine enA madhura mRdula bhADe lIdhe ThIka pracalita che. eno dezI garabInI cAla sAthe mAlinIvRttano yoga kavinI sikatA ane vidvattAnI jhAMkhI karAve che. kheDAno bhAvasAra ratno enA gopIvirahanA mahinA mATe khUba jANItuM che, ane virahaduHkhanuM enuM Alekhana vAstavadarzI ane hRdayasparzI che. mahinAnA ApaNA sAhityamAM enA mahinA anupama ane ajoDa che. dhruva ane prahalAdanAM AkhyAnathI paricita vasAvaDanA nAgara kAlidAse zaktinI stutinAM keTalAMka pada lakhyAM che, temaja pIjanA kavi narabherAme boDANAnI mUchanAM Azare 600 pada lakhyAM che. paraMtu pada mATe kharo pratiSThita je kaMI paNa hoya to te che saMdesarane bAroTa prItamadAsa. "harino mAraga che zUrAne, nahi kAyaranuM kAma jone." e gAMdhIjInA priyatama padanA praNetA prItame aneka rasika, madhura ane ciraMjIva pade gujarAtane ApyAM che. bhAvamArdava padalAlitya ane saMgItamAdhuryathI aMkita enI garabIo suNI mana mugdha bane che. "manamehanalAla, mAragaDe mUke te mathurA jaIe.' e gopIonI vahAlasethI vinavaNI athavA "he jasodAjI, AvaDo lADakavA lAla na kIje." e emanI mIThI phariyAda sAMbhaLI dila DolI UThe che. vrajavanitAnAM veraNa vAMsaLIne saMbodhelAM vacana kevAM hRdayavedhaka che ! "he vAMsalaDI, veraNa thaI lAgI re vrajanI nArane. te AvaDAM kAmaNa zAM kIdhAM, zAmaLIe mukha cuMbana lIdhAM, mana vrajavAsInAM harI lIdhAM.-he vAMsalaDI." prItamanA jevo ja parama rasika pATIdAra kavi raghunAthadAsa ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. viraghelI gopIoe uddhavajI joDe zrIkRSNane pAThavelA bhAvabhInA saMdezAne e sarjaka che. "odhavajI saMdeze kaheje zyAmane " e madhura paMkti saune paricita che. ane "tame ajANyA ame jANIe re thI zarU thatI enI rasika dANalIlA eTalI ja jANItI che. taduparAMta giradharanAM tulasIvivAha, kRSNalIlA, gokuLalIlAnAM pado temaja premAnanda svAmI, brahmAnanda, niSkulAnanda, devAnanda Adi svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyanA kavionAM kRSNa. bhaktinAM pade prakhyAta che. emane vIgate jovAne meha choDI, rasarAjavI dayArAmanAM UchaLatAM premabhaktinAM pUranAM kaMIka darzana karIe. pUramAM taNAI javAnI bIke dUra rahI karelAM darzana AchAM--adhUrAM jaNAya te udAracitta vAcaka kSamA Apaze evI vinaMtI che. dayArAma prAcIna rAsasAhityamAM dayArAme rasake vagADe che. samasta sAhityane ghaDIbhara bhUlAvI de evI rasajhaDI varSAvI che. dayArAma eTale sAkSAta rasane avatAra. dayArAma eTale premabhaktinuM mUrtimaMta svarU5. rasika phakkaDa dayArAme rasa ane premanAM pUra vahAvyAM che. sAhityanA akhaM kuvArA uDAvyA che. saMgItanI mIThI helI relAvI che. enI jAdubharI kalame kAmaNa karyo che. enI hRdayaMgama vANIe vazIkaraNa karyA che. enI mastIbharI rasiktAe bhAna bhUlAvyAM che. enAM rasakalAnvita kAvyo pAchaLa gujarAta mAM thayuM che. enI guNagauravayukta garabIo

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528 suvAsa : phAguna 1995 pAchaLa gujarAtaNe ghelI banI che. garabIvidhAyaka dayArAma e rasarAjavI nathI, paNa garavI gujarAtane hRdayarAjavI che. rasadhanamAMthI kalAmaya rIte karI kADhayAM hoya evAM enAM addabhuta kAvyomAM gujarAtanA sAhitya ane saMskAraghaDataramAM apUrva hisso Ape che. enI garabIoe rAsalekhakane avanavA DhALa ApyA che. enAM gItonI khUbI ane saMgItamAdhurI Aje ye nityanUtana lAge che ane osaryA nathI, ethI emanI guNavattAnAM sAcAM mUlya aMkAya che. e rasiye zaradanI zerIone jevI sevAmaNI karI che tevI bhAgye ja bIna keIe karI haze. eka ekathI caDhiyAtAM enAM kAvyaratnomAMthI amukanI pasaMdagI karavAnuM kArya keTaluM vikaTa che te samajI zakAya ema che. mATe ja meM AgaLa A darzanane AchuM-adhUruM kahyuM che. to have ApaNe enAM thoDAMka rAsaranonAM adhUrAM chatAM madhurAM darzana karIe. premAMthI dayArAmanI premanI paNa vedhaka ane talasparzI che. enI anokhI snehamImAMsAnI jeDa sArA sAhityamAMthI jaDe ema nathI. premalakSaNA bhaktinA ananya upAsaka dayArAmanuM premabhaktinuM Alekhana sarvAga saMpUrNa ane UMDANabharyuM hoya e svAbhAvika che. puSTimAga kavi premane prabhu parama prasAda mAne che, ane evI prabhupuSTa vyaktio ja premanI sAcI adhikArI nIvaDe che. tethI te lakhe che - je koI premaaMza avatare, premarasa tenA uramAM Dare. uttama vastu adhikAra vinA maLe, tadapi artha nA sare; masyabhogI bagalo muktAphaLa dekhI caMcu na bhare." ane kavine e premalakSaNA bhakti eka ja prabhune pAmavAnuM sarala ane sIdhuM sAdhana dekhAya che. eTale e kahe che -- ema kaTi sAdhane prema vinA, puruSottama pUMTha na phare; dayAprItama zrIgovardhanadhara premabhaktiye vare." praNayamImAMsAnuM anupama Alekhana karatuM kavinuM " prema parIkSA' kAvya ekalA gujarAtI sAhityamAM nahi paNa kadAca jagatasAhityamAM "ekameva advitIyama' gaNAze. Shelley nI premanI philasuphI (Love's philosophy) upara ApharIna pikAranAre gharaAMgaNanuM A premaparIkSA kAvya vAMcavuM-vicAravuM ghaTe che. A paNa bhaktakavine bhakita tarapha spaSTa pakSapAta che, eTale sudhI ke jJAna ane yogane te taddana utArI pADe che. prabhuprAptimAM bhakitane mukAbale e sAdhane ene ekaja nirbaLa ne namAlAM lAge che. premaparIkSAmAM jJAnI uddhava ane premI gopIonA saMvAda dvArA temaja itara paNa aneka sthAne eNe A vastu vyakata karI che. jJAnajaDa uddhavane premanI philasuphI samajAvatAM rasadhelo gopIo kahe che: "odhavajI che aLagI re, vAta eka premataNI; koi anubhavI jANe re, kahetAM te nA bagI. prasUtAnI pIDA re, vaMjhA te zuM jANe ? joyuM kema Ave re, mANyAne paramANe ?" anubhavasiddha ane anirvacanIya praNayanI ayyata ne avyaya sthiti varNavatAM kahe che - neka sukhathI na vAdhe re, dekhI duHkha nava ghaTe; jema vRkSane vaLagI re, velI te pharI nA laTe."

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ApaNuM rAsasAhitya (prAcIna parala ane sAcI prIti prANune paNa parI thatI nathI kahI premanI akhaMDitatA ne anantatA varNave che "sAcI prIta te prANa le re, sAdhAraNa thAya parI; dAdura jaLaviNu jIve re, mAchalaDAM te jAya marI, chIpa rahe sAgaramAM re, IcchI svAtibindu taNuM; juo daSTi cakoranI re, acaLa rahe che indu bhaNI." premanI A mIThI mImAMsA pachI enI jJAna-vega sAthe tulanA karatAM gopIo uddhavane kahe che - che agama paMtha snehane re, odhavajI te nathI dIThe, tyAM lagI jJAna gaThe re, joga che paNa mIThe. tamAre te hari saghaLe re, amAre to eka sthaLe; tame rIjho cAMdaraNe re, amo rImuM caMdra maLe." aMte gopIonAM "evAM vacana suNIne re, odhavajInI brAMti TaLI' "joga jaMjALa chUTI" ane premanA AdhikyanI pratIti thaI. pariNAme prabhupaMthanI e dIpikAne guru mAnI " abhimAna mUkIne re, odhava gepI pAya paDavyA." - anyatra paNa jJAna upara bhaktinI sarasAI varNavatAM kavi lakhe che -- zuM jANe vyAkaraNa, vastune zuM jANe vyAkaraNa? mukha paryata bharyuM vRta tadapi svAda na jANe baraNI-vastune" ane tethI ja bhaktakavi AgrahapUrvaka Icche che ke - " prakaTa maLe sukha thAya, zrI giridhara prakaTa maLe sukha thAya. tela vinA phuTa tila pUrethI, dIpaka kayama prakaTAya? A prakaTa pAvaka vinA kASTane bheTe, zI para zIta samAya?-zrI giridhara" premanI philasuphInA ATalA vivaraNa pachI ApaNe premapaMkhiNa gepIonI mIThI madhurI amapIDAne kaMika darzana karIe. gabharU gopIne prItanI rItanuM bhAna nathI, paNa kAmaNagArA kRSNane joI enA hadayamAM svayaMbhu prema uddabhave che. mAMtaradoDa detuH ene kRSNa prati AkarSe che. "premane kAraNo sAthe saMbaMdha kAMI e nathI." eTale enuM aMtara niSkAraNa snehathI kRSNamaya banI jAya che, ane Ama anubhave ene prItanI ati aTapaTI rIte samajAya che: "prItaDInI rIta ati aTapaTI, odhavajI che prItaDInI rIta , thAvAne upAya paNa jAvAno jaDe nahi, vaja raheNe jaTI te jaTI, prIta nA kahevAya che, te svAratha samaja, cAra divasa pragaTI ne maTI." jANe-ajANe ekavAra premanuM pyAluM pIdhuM ane ene naze rageraga vyA pachI kyAM javuM! rAta divasa enI ja pIDA! UThatA besatAM enI ja vAta ! UdhatAM jAgatAM enuM ja ciMtana ! ane premanI e guhya vAta koI ne kahevAya paNa zI rIte ? eTale chAnA chAnA saheja Take! gepI potAnI evI dusaha duHkhabharI sthiti varNavatAM kahe che - "premanI pIDA te kone kahIye re, he madhukara, premanI pIDA te. thatAM na jANuM prIta jAtAM prANa jAye, hAthanAM kIdhAM te vAgyAM haIye; dhIkIye DhAMkayAM rAtadivasa aMtaramAM, bhUkha nidrAmAM nava lahiye. "

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530 suvAsa : phAguna 1995 ane evIja asahya sthiti bIjI eka garabImAM kavi kevI sarasa Alekhe che! kALaja karyuM te kene kahiye re, odhava chelachabIlaDe. kaLa na paDe kAMI pera na sUjhe, rAtri divasa ghelAM rahiye re, kAMI vastumAM kSaNa citta na caDe, alabele AvI beThe haiye re." premaghelI ane kRSNavirahe AkuLavyAkuLa thaelI gopIne raja paNa cena paDatuM nathI. ghaDImAM gharamAM jAya che, ne pAchI bAraNe AvI kRSNanI rAha juve che ! potAnI vivaza- paravaza sthitine lakSamAM leI vadhu nahi talasAvavA e kRSNane atyaMta AvabharI vinavaNI kare che - "UbhA raho te kahuM vAtaDI, bihArIlAla. tama mATe gALI che meM jAtaDI, bihArIlAla. vedanA virahanI te kyAM bhAkhiye, bihArIlAla. bhItarane bhaDake te kayAM dAkhiye, bihArIlAla. ghelI karI chuM sahu gAmamAM, bihArIlAla. cita coTatuM nathI gharakAmamAM, bihArIlAla." kRSNa pAchaLa ghelI thaelI AvI putravadhUne sAsu jevI vajanadAra vyakti kayAM sudhI sAMkhI zake ! eTale pitAne tyAM vadhu vakhata evuM nahi nabhe, ane "tame te nirlaja re, hame lAjI marIye" kahI ene ThapakAbharI zikhAmaNa Ape che - "zIkha sAsujI de che re, vahujI rahe taMge; AvaDe zo AsaMge re, zAmaLiyA saMge ?" paNa mAthAnI vahu gaMgAjaLa sarakhAM vizuddha !" sAsujIne rokaDuM parakhAve che. prabhubhaktimAM dUSaNa jotAM sAsujInI AMkhamAM kamaLo thayo haze kahI prabhupremI e patnI pitAnA vizuddha premamAM aDaga rahe che, ane "dayAne prabhu bhajave re, keIthI na DaravuM" e nizcayapUrvaka sAsune paDakAre che - evAM vacana suNIne re, vadyA vaLatAM vahujI; gaMgAjaLa sarakhAM re, ho sAMbhaLe sAsujI. kaho cho tevAM haze re, tyAre ema sUjhe che; deSa prabhumAM za dITha re, jene jaga pUje che." premI pIDA ane virahavyathAnA A alpa vivecana pachI e pIDA ane vyathAnA kAraNarUpa kAmaNagArA zrIkRSNanAM ApaNe saheja darzana karIe. parama bhAgavata dayArAma pitAnA ISTaprabhunuM varNana karatAM kadI dharAtAja nathI. eTale zrIkRSNanA varNananAM emanAM puSkaLa kAvya heI, ApaNe to emAMthI mAtra be-traNa ja joIzuM. kAnuDAnI jAdubharI kAnti varNavatAM kavi lakhe che - kAnuDe kAmaNagAro re, sAhelI Ate kAnuDo kAnuDo kAmaNagAre, rasabharyo ne rUpALa, A zuM AMkhalaDIne cALe re.--sahelI raMgarA, madamAta, vAMsaLImAM gIta gAta, nayaNAM zuM kare vAta re.--sAhelI"

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ApaNuM rAsasAhitya priAcIna pa31 ane anupama e alabelAnuM sohAmaNuM saundarya AlekhatAM kavi kahe che - tuM jene sakhI, zebhA salUNuM zyAmanI. keTi kaMdarpa lajAve enuM mukhaDuM, phIkI paDe che kaLA jAminI-tuM jene " koDAmaNa e kahaiyAnAM mehaka aMgasauSThava ane AMkhanAM chAnAM jAdu, mIThI halaka bharI A garabImAM kavi kevAM mUrta kare che! " kAmaNa dIse che alabelA tArI AMkhamAM re; soLa bhAMkha mA re. maMda hasIne citaDuM coryuM, kuTila kaTAkSe kALaja karyuM; adapaDiyALI Akhe jhINuM jhAMkha mA re.-kAmaNa nakhazIkha rU5 ghaNuM raDhiyALuM, laTakuM saghaLuM kAmaNagAruM; chAnAM khaMjana rAkhe paMkaja pAMkhamAM re -kAmaNu kRSNanA subhaga halAvaNya jevuM ja enI mAnItI vAMsaLInuM varNana paNa manahara ane manabhara che. vRMdAvanamAM UbhA rahI kRSNa cheDelI baMsInI asara addabhuta ane avarNanIya che. yamunAnAM nIra cabhI jAya che. pakSIo sAda sAMbhaLavA sthira banI jAya che. vAcharaDAM payapAna karavuM choDI kAna mAMDe che ane gAye to gALA teDI tyAM doDI jAya che. Ama vAMsaLInAM jAduthI sArI prakRti khaLabhaLI uThe che, tyAM kRSNaghelI gopIo behAla bane emAM zI navAI ! emanuM bhAna bhUlyAnuM hAsyarasika citra kavie suMdara AlekhyuM che - ekanA karamAM keLiye re, pItI cAlI eka nIra; eka choru raDatAM melI gaI re, cAlI jamanAne tIra." vAMsaLI pratinI sapatnIbhAve gepInI uktio paNa jIvaMta, hadayaMgama ane bhAvabharI che - "mAnItI tuM che mehanataNI, he vAMsalaDI; tuM ne vhAlama kare che ghaNuM vahAla re, he vAMsalaDI. pIe adharAmRta piyutaNuM he vAMsalaDI; amane zokaya sarIkhuM tuM sAla re, he vAMsalaDI." have kavinI saMgItanI siddhahastatAnAM eka-be daSTAMta joIe. baMsIbaTanA rasacokamAMnA rAdhA ane enI sakhIonA subhaga garabAnuM varNana kavie je sukumAra zabdomAM ane surIlA layamAM karyuM che, te kavinI saMgIta nipuNatAnI sarasa jhAMkhI karAve che: "garabe ramavAne gorI nIsaryA re lola, rAdhikA raMgIlI abhirAma trijavAsiNuM re lela tALI detAM vAge jhAMjhara jhUmakhAM re lola, giDa gaDa tAma chuma chuma chuma bAje ghugharA re lola." ethI ye adhika "cAla vahelI alabelI yArI rAdhe" e soraTha rAganI, tAlanI vikaTa AMTIghUMTIvALI garabI kavinA saMgIta paranA ananya prabhutvanI pratIti karAve che. tabalAnA eka ustAda bajavaiyA sAthenI saMgItaspardhAne aMge kavie e khAsa racI gAI hatI, ane enA aTapaTA tAlamAM ustAda aTavAI jatAM vaDodarAnI virATa janatA samakSa kavie javalaMta vijaya meLavyo hatachatAM e ustAdanI saMgItanipuNatAthI khuza thaI ApaNuM guNagrAhI kavie pitAnA gaLAmAMnI senAnI kaMThI ene bheTa karI hatI!

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pa3ra suvAsa : phAguna 1lpa chele kavinI kAvyakalAnI eka-be khUbIo darzAvI A lekha pUro karIe. kapaTI kRSNanA upara krodhe bharAyelI rAdhA kALI vastumAtrane tyAga kare che, kemake kALI vastuomAM eka sarakhuM kapaTa haze ema e mAne che. rAdhAnA e nizcaya pAchaLa kavinI ramatiyALa kalpanA kevI rasika ane AhalAdaka che !: "zyAma raMga samIpe na jAvuM, mAre Aja thakI zyAmaraMga jemAM kALAza te sau eka sarakhuM, saravamAM kapaTa haze AvuM. kasturInI bIMdI te karuM nahi, kAjaLa nA AMkhamAM AMjAvuM. nilAMbara kALI cukI nA paheruM, jamanAnAM nIramAM na nahAvuM." mAninI rAdhA kRSNanI sAthe abolA le che. saheja vAtamAM vaMkAtI rAdhAne rIsAtAM vAra zI? kRSNa vahAlathI ene zazivadanI kahI, tyAre ene ulaTuM vAMku paDyuM, ane kRSNa joDe abolA lIdhA! e vastu kavie kevI khUbIthI raju karI che ! "hAvAM huM sakhI nahi boluM re, kadApi naMdakuMvaranI saMge; mune zazivadanI kahI che re, tyAranI dAjha lAgI che aMge. caMdrabiMbamAM lAMchana che vaLI, rAhu gaLe khaTamAse; pakSe vadhe ne pakSe ghaTe kaLA pUraNe nitya te nava parakAze." - rIsAyalI rAdhAne lalitA ghaNuM samajAve che, paNa haThIlI enI haTha choDatI nathI. Akhare prabhu pitaja ene sarasa rasto zodhI kADhe che. e yuktimAM kavinI rasikatAnI ne kAvyakalAnI ApaNane surekha jhAMkhI thAya che. kRSNa pote eka suMdara yuvatInuM rUpa dhAraNa karI rAdhA pAse Ave che, ane vAtavAtamAM pite kRSNane jovA jAya che ema jaNAve che. e sAMbhaLI rAdhAne caTapaTI thAya che ke "muja karatAM rUpe che rUDI, dekhatAM lAla lobhAze." eTale enI sAthe sahIpaNAM bAMdhI ekabIjAnuM vacana pALavAne kela paraspara le che, ane pite caturAI kIdhI mAnI manamAM phulAya che, ne mAge che - zyAmA kahe sakhI mAguM, tamo spAma samIpe na jAze; sakhI kahe huM paNa mAguM, tame te upara mA rIsAze." ane pachI prabhu khare svarUpe pragaTa thatAM mAninI manAya che ane rAdhAkRSNa eka thAya che. rAdhA pitAne aDavAnI kRSNane nA pADe che, tyAre enA uttaramAM kRSNa bevaDA sparzane ukela kADhe che emAM paNa kavinuM suMdara kalAkauzalya dekhAya che. gorI rAdhA kRSNane kahe che ke "mujane aDaze mA, AghA rahe alabelo, chelA aDaze mA." kemake "kahAna kuMvara kALA cho, aDatAM huM kALI thaI jAuM." enA javAbamAM zrIkRSNa jaNAve che - " tuM muja aDatAM zyAma thaIza te huM yama nahi thAuM gore; pharI maLatAM raMga adalAbadalI, muja mere tuja tere." Ama jyAM rAdhA bahAnuM kADhI eka milana aTakAvavA mathe che, tyAM yuktibAja kRSNa enAja bahAnAthI ene bAMdhI bevaDuM milana mukarara kare che ! emAM ja kavinI kalpanAnI kharekharI khUbI rahelI che. kavinA "cana mananA jhaghaDa" mAM paNa kalpanAnI evI ja vilakSaNatA vyakta thAya che, paNa sthaLasaMkocane laI have ahIM ja aTakIzuM. - ApaNA prAcIna rAsasAhityanuM rasadarzana A rIte pUruM thAya che. arvAcIna rAsasAhityane bhaviSyanA kaI anukULa avasara para choDI viramIzuM.

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nATakiye lekhaka: i. na. (gayA aMkanA pR. 401 thI cAlu ] ghanazyAma buddhizALI hato. vargamAM tene naMbara pahelo raheto. paNa rasika ane tenI maMDaLI tyAM ya tene ramakaDuM gaNuM banAvatAM. rasikanA badhA joDIdAre ghanazyAmane mAmA kahIne ja belAvatA, ane te pahelo naMbara rAkhe che tene guneha hoya tema tene "gekhaNiyA, bIkaNiye, baMdha" vagere upanAmathI navAjatA. ghanazyAme ekAda be vakhata veNIne zALAmAM thatI pajavaNInI vAta karI joI paNa veNI te "tAre paNa temanA jevuM thavuM. tuM zA mATe kare che?" eTaluM kahI tenI vAta uDAvI detI. - zALAnuM seziyala gedhariMga hatuM. ghanazyAmanA pAThamAM tene eka gAyana gAvAnuM hatuM. rasikano to agrabhAga hatuM ja. paraMtu ghanazyAmanA surIlA ga prekSakavarga eTale khuza thaI gayo ke temane bIjA koInuM "kAma" najaramAM AvyuM ja nahIM. khurazInI pahelI haroLamAM beThela pratAparAyane te mAnavAmAM paNa muzkelI paDI ke " A gAnAra ghanazyAma te veNIne bhalI-bhoLe-zaramALa bhAI ja hato ! " meLAvaDe pUruM thayA pachI pratAparAya sAthe bolI zake tevA dareka jaNe tene kahyuM, "rasikabhAI te sArA ja, paNa ghanazyAme te kamAla karI! gaLuM te IzvarI ja bakSisa jANe!" meLAvaDAthI pratAparAya khUba prasanna thayA. ghera AvI temaNe veNIne pUchyuM, "te ghanazyAmane gAtAM sAMbhaLyo che?" paNa pachI tarata ja temane khyAla Avyo ke, "eka sAthe UcharIne moTAM thayela bhAMDune A prazna pUchAya?" ane te pitAnA pakSanI vicitratA para hasI paDyA. veNuM paNa hasI paDI. ghanazyAma ahIM zAMta thaI gayo che. ghera te Akho divasa gAte ja hoya." veNIe kahyuM. ema ke?" pratAparAye pUchyuM. "hA." " tyAre ahIM kema tadana zAMta thaI gayuM che?" "koNa jANe?" "ene ahIM phAvatuM nahIM hoya?" nA. nA. ema to zuM, paNa zaramAto haze." veNI, ene gaLAnuM mAdhurya ajaba che. ghera kema keI dI gAto nathI?" A vakhate ja rasika ane ghanazyAma bahArathI AvyA, pratAparAye temane belAvyA.

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234 - suvAsa : phAguna 1995 "bApujI, mAmAne caMdraka ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM." potAne nahIM ane mAmAne caMdraka ApavAmAM ApanAranuM ajJAna samAyuM hoya tevuM dekhADatAM teNe mAmA zabda para bhAra mUkI kahyuM. ema ke? ghanazyAma tene lAyaka che. ane rasika, tuM abhinayanI atizayatA zIda kare che? tArAmAM kuzaLa naTa thavAnAM lakSaNo che, paNa Aje te te tAra pATha bagADI ja nAkhyo hato. tuM zuM kaI dhaMdhAdArI naTa ho, ke tArI samakSa zuM ekaluM mavAlI prekSakamaMDaLa beThuM hatuM? sAcA abhinayamAM te saMyama khAsa Avazyaka che." rasikane pitAnI salAha kaDavI te lAgI, teya te zAMta Ubho rahyo. teNe te pitA taraphathI vakhANa meLavavAnI AzA sevela, ane eTale ja te teNe jorazorathI hakArApaDakArA karyA hatA ne! paNa A te abhinayanI tadana navIna dRSTi! abhinaya ane saMyama ! rasikane pitAnI vAta barAbara na samajAI. ane ghanazyAma, tArI benane tAruM gAyana sAMbhaLavuM che. cAla, gA jeuM! vAjA para besuM chuM." ghanazyAma zaramAI gayo. "rasika nIcethI vAjAM laI Avato!" rasika vAjuM laI Avyo; ghanazyAme gAyuM. keTalIka vyaktio evI hoya che ke jyAMsudhI te zaramAya tyAMsudhI temanA moDhAmAM jIbha haze ke nahi tenI ya zaMkA UThe; paNa te ja 01kti eka vAra zarama mUkI pitAnA priya viSayanI chaNAvaTa kare tyAre to kamAla karI de che. ghanazyAme gAvuM zarU karyuM ane tenI zarama UDI gaI. badhAM mugdha thaI gayAM. ghaDI bhara to rasika paNa! "le, A mArA taraphathI cAMda !" kahI pratAparAye ghanazyAmane daza rUpiyAnI bheTa ApI. ghanazyAma para tene gherathI avAranavAra pa AvatA. tene nAno bhAI moTAbhAI pAsethI kaMI kaMI vastuo maMgAvatA, ane rajA paDe tyAre e badhuM sAcavIne lAvavAnuM lakhAvate. pitAjIne patra Avate te divase ghanazyAma bahu AnaMdamAM raheto. pratAparAya tene avAranavAra thoDA thoDA paisA vAparavA ApatA, te badhA te sAcavI rAkhatA, ane e paisAmAMthI judI judI cIjo nAnAbhAI mATe laI javAnA manoratha sevI AnaMda pAmata. ghanazyAmane pratAparAyane tyAM rAkhavAnuM khAsa prayojana te veNune AnaMda ApavAnuM hatuM, ane veNIne bhAInA vikAsathI, bhAInI sobatathI AnaMda thate ya khare! paraMtu ghanazyAma to A moTA loka vacce AvI kacaDAI rahyo hoya ema ja lAgatuM. eka veNI sivAya bIjuM kaI bhAgye ja tenI sAthe AnaMdapUrvaka vAta karatuM. pratAparAyane tene mATe lAgaNI hatI, paraMtu temanI sAthe vAta karavAno prasaMga te ghanazyAmane kayAreka ja Avate, eTalA te kAmaDhA hatA. parIkSA AvI. ghanazyAma pahele naMbare pAsa thayo. rasika be viSayamAM-saMskRta ane gaNitamAM-nApAsa thatA hovA chatAM tene upara caDAvavAmAM Avyo. rasikanA moTAbhAI paNa A vakhate bI. e. mAM trIje akhatare pAsa thayela. temaNe elaela. bI. thavA dhAryuM hatuM.

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nATakiye "535 nizALamAM rajA paDI ane ghanazyAma ramakaDAM ItyAdinI kharIdI karI ghera javA UpaDayo. ghanazyAmanI rajAo pUrI jetI thaI tyAM te tene ane tenA bApujIne tarata UpaDavAnuM sUcavate veNIne tAra maLyo. soLa varSane ghanazyAma benanuM hRdaya barAbara samajI zakatA hatA. tene barAbara khabara hatI ke kharI muzIbatamAM AvI paDayA vinA moTIbena Avo tAra kare ja nahi! teNe tenA pitAne jaldI taiyAra thavA kahyuM ane baMne pahelI ja gADImAM UpaDayA. veNI bahu ja gaMbhIra dazAmAM AvI paDI hatI. pratAparAyane ekAeka lakavo thaI Avyo hato. ghanazyAma rajAo mANavAM ghera gayo tyAre saMpUrNa taMdurasta lAgatA pratAparAya para ekAeka UtarI Avela AphatathI AkhA gharamAM hAhAkAra thaI gayo hato. mRNAla ne veNI A paristhitimAM sAcI bena banI gaI hatI. rasika ane ghanazyAma paNa sAcA bhAIo banI gayA. sAvakAMpaNane bhAva taddana osarI gayo. sarvanuM lakSya pratAparAyanI sevA karavAnuM banI gayuM. huM ne ghanazyAma Aje jaIe chIe." veNIne bApue pratAparAyanI pAse AvI kahyuM. "ghanazyAmane zA mATe laI jAo cho?" pratAparAye dhrujate hAthe lakhyuM. "tamArA maMdavADamAM jeTalI takalIpha ochI thAya teTalI karavI!" "ghanazyAma para te mArI aneka AzAo che. A maMdavADamAMthI UThuM te ene te huM khUba bhaNAvIza." pratAparAye vaLI lakhyuM. te belI zakatA na hatA. badhuM lakhIne ja samajAvatA. "Apane jarA ThIka thaze eTale ghanazyAmane pAcho mokalIza." pratAparAye "jevI tamArI marajI!' tevuM AMkhodvArA sUcavyuM, ane AMkho baMdha karI dIdhI. ghanazyAma ane tenA bApujI e oraDAmAMthI bahAra AvyA. "bApujI, huM to tamArI sAthe nathI Avato." ghanazyAme kahyuM. "kema ?' bena-banevIne AvI sthitimAM mUkI huM nahi AvuM." "tAre AvavuM ke na AvavuM te huM samajuM ke tuM?" "mane tamArI vAta gaLe nathI UtaratI. huM to rokAiza." bApa dIkarA vacce ghaNuM rakajhaka thaI paNa ghanazyAma ekano be na thayo. bApa dIkarA para gusse thaI jatA rahyA.. ghanazyAme te pratAparAyanI sevA kAje abhyAsa cheDI devAnuM kahyuM, paNa tenI e vAta keIe mAnI nahI. tene bhaNavA te javuM ja paDatuM, paNa te sivAyano badho vakhata te pratAparAyanI pathArI pAse ja raheto. pitAnI mAMdagIe gharanI dareka vyaktimAM ekabhAva jagAvyo che te joI pratAparAya

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536 suvAsa : phAguna 15 saMtoSa pAmatA; ane e vyAdhimAMthI mukta thavA Izvara pAse mRtyunI yAcanA karyA karatA. divase para divasa pasAra thatA hatA ane pratAparAyanuM zarIra levAtuM jatuM hatuM. "badhAne ahIM bolAva!" pratAparAye eka divasa veNIne lakhI ApyuM. veNIe badhAne bolAvyAM. badhAM AvyAM. ghanazyAma te tyAM hatA ja. "kema bApujI!" rasika bolyo. mAre gheDI vAta karavI che." pratAparAye lakhyuM. zI bAbata ?" veNa bolI. "mane mAruM zuM thaze te nathI samajAtuM-" pratAparAya lakhe jatA hatA. keImAM eka zabda bolavAnI paNa zakti na hatI. paNa huM na houM tyAre ya tame saMpathI rahezo evI mane AzA che. tamAre kamanasIbe huM bahu paisA ekaThA nathI karI zako. paNa meM keInuM ya kharAba nathI karyuM, eTale Izvara mArA kuTuMbane paNa roTalA vinA nahi ja rAkhe tevI mArI acaLa zradhdhA che." badhAMnI AMkha bhInI thaI hatI. "ane ghanazyAma, tuM te bahu DAhyo che. tArI ummaranA pramANamAM tuM khUba zaktizALI che. mane eTaluM vacana na Ape ke tuM sadA ya rasika ne tenAM bhAMDuno bhAI banI rahIza? e badhAM game tema kare paNa tAre tArI udAratA na jatI karavI." ghanazyAma sajaLa nayane nIcuM joI rahyo. ane chokarAMo, veNa tamArI mAtA che, te vAta kadI ya na bhUlazo. pharI paraNavAmAM meM bhUla karI ema bhale mAne paNa veNIne temAM zo doSa? mAre khAtara paNa tene tame mAtAsama gaNazo te mane zAMti thaze." badhAM DUsakAM bharatAM hatAM. keI kaMI belI na zakayuM. veNI, tane zuM kahuM? " pratAparAyane hAtha khUba dhrujavA lAgyo. teNe premapUrvaka temanA hAthane vaLagI paDI ane baMnenI AMkhamAMthI azrudhArA vahI rahI. A parama pavitra paLa hatI. rAga, dveSa ke svArtha azruthI vizudhdha thayelA A vAtAvaraNamAM DekiyuM paNa karI zake tema na hatAM. A pavitra paLe ghanazyAme manamAM saMkalpa karyo ke "pratAparAyanI A murAda bara lAvavA huM game te bhoge ya mathIza." pratAparAya lagabhaga eka varSa sudhI mAMdA rahyA. temanI sAravAramAM veNIe jarAya UNapa na AvavA dIdhI. sArAmAM sArA DokaTaro pratAparAyanI mAvajata kAje AvatA. A DokaTarenI phInA paisA zI rIte cUkavAtA haze e prazna pratAparAyanA manamAM ghoLAyA karate; parantu ekathI eka caDiyAtA DokaTaro te Avye ja jatA. - veNI tenAM ghareNAM eka pachI eka vecI davAonuM, DokaTaranuM, ane rasika tathA meTAbhAInA bhaNataranuM kharca kADhatI. ghanazyAma paNa rasika sAthe ja bhaNata, paraMtu tene pahele naMbare pAsa thavA badala ziSyavRtti maLatI hovAthI tenuM kharca kaMI na AvatuM. bena, mArAM ghareNAM paNa jarUra paDaye tamArAM ja che ema mAnajo ho !mRNAle eka divasa veNane kahyuM. "tameya amArAM ja chene?" teNIe hasatAM javAba Apo.

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nATakiya - 537 "paNa huM te tamane kaMIja khapamAM AvatI nathI." tamAro khapa paNe tamane ya nahIM mUkuM !" "Aje mAro khapa che ja! mArAM ghareNAM to ja!" mRNAle jarA haTha karatAM kahyuM. " gAMDAM thAva mA ! tame mArA dIkarAnI vahu cho, tamane te amAre lADa karavAnAM heya." veNue mRNAlanA bane gAla pitAnI hathelI vacce laI pAkela kerIne gheLe tema LatAM kahyuM. "nA..nA." mRNAla bolI. . "bena, huM kharuM kahuM chuM ke jarUra paDaye huM tamArAM ya ghareNAM mAgI ja laIza. atyAre jarUra nathI ja." kahI veNI kaI kAma ekAeka yAda AvyuM hoya te dekhAva karI jatI rahI. pratAparAyanA maMdavADe veNIne gharanI adhiSThAtrInuM sthAna apAvyuM hatuM. pahelAM je veNunI avahelanA karatAM te have veNIne paDayo bola jhIlavAmAM kartavyaparAyaNatA mAnatAM thayAM hatAM. veNImAM paNa kharekharUM pIDhapaNuM AvI gayuM hatuM. pratAparAya gayA. badhAne mAthe Abha tUTI paDayuM hoya ema lAgyuM. badhAmAM veNInI sthiti bahu kaDI hatI. tenuM aMtara taraphaDI rahyuM hovA chatAM tene AMkhamAM AMsuM khALavAM paDatAM. tenA moTAbhAI jevaDA moTAbhAInuM mAthuM paNa te khoLAmAM letI ane tene raDatA chAnA rAkhatI. veNInuM mAtRtva ekAeka vikasI gayuM. badhAM tenI pAse besI raDatAM ane veNInI hAphamAM AzvAsana zodhatAM. parIkSAnA pariNAma AvyAM moTAbhAI nApAsa. rasika nApAsa. ghanazyAma pahele naMbare pAsa. rasika ke moTAbhAI para roSa ke dayA darzAvavAnI ke ghanazyAmane zAbAzI ApavAnI keAIne paDI ja na hatI. sahu ane khAsa te veNI, pratAparAyanA gayA pachI "have zuM karavuM?" tenI ja upAdhimAM paDayAM hatAM. veNIne bIjI badhI vAta karatAM pratAparAye jamAvela AbarUnuM jatana karavAnI khAsa khevanA hatI. - veNInuM chelluM ghareNuM vecAI gayuM. mRNAlanA Agrahane vaza thaI temaja bIje kaMI upAya paNa na hovAthI tenAM zeDAM ghareNAM vecI pratAparAyanI uttarakriyA karavAmAM AvI. AvI kaphoDI sthitimAM veNI loko samakSa te pitAnI sthiti ghaNuM saddhara hevAne dekhAva karatI. koIpaNa bAbatamAM teNe gharanuM moLuM nahetuM dekhAvA dIdhuM. sau keImAnatuM ke pratAparAya jevA moTA hoddedAranI pAse sAruM evuM saMcita heya temAM zI navAI! ane pise hoya te ja ekathI eka caDiyAtA DokaTare bolAvavAnuM sUjhe ne! evI te kaIne kalpanA ya nahotI AvI ke pratAparAyanI sAravAra mATe Avela DokaTaronAM bIla veNInAM AbhUSaNa vecI cUkavavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. e te keAIne khyAla paNa nahIM gayela ke pativirahamAM dUbaLI thayela veNInAM baLAM thavAmAM UMcI jAtanA khorAka maLavAno abhAva paNa eka kAraNa hatuM. veNue cA, dUdha, khAMDa, ghI khAvAM baMdha karyA hatAM. temAM gata AtmAno zoka pALavAnI bhAvanA uparAMta karakasara karavAnI bhAvanA paNa hatI tenI keine gaMdha sarakhI paNa nahotI AvI. ghasAI gayelAM madhyama varganAM kuTuMba mATe AbarUnuM tUta jALavI rAkhavAnuM vadhu muzkela hoya che.

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o suvAsa phAguna 1995 pitAnA kuTuMbanI vAratavika paristhitithI paricIta moTAbhAI e eka divasa kahyuM, "have te huM kaMIka nokarI zodhI lauM to ThIka!" gharanAM badhAM mANaso hAjara hatAM. ghanazyAma paNa.... "kema?" veNIe pUchayuM. mAre have gharanI ciMtA karavI ja joIe ne !" moTAbhAIe kahyuM. "ciMtA karavA mATe hajI nAnA cho!" veNIe sattAvAhI chatAM mIThA avAje kahyuM. "kema?umaramAM pitAthI nAnI veNIne A pramANe belatI sAMbhaLI meTA bhAIe navAI pAmatAM kahyuM. "gharano badho bhAra upADIne pharavA taiyAra thatAM pahelAM tamAre tamAre abhyAsa te pUre karavuM paDaze ne !" " oho !" "kema che?" "hajI te mAre deDha-be varSa bhaNavuM paDe. ane ApaNuM gharanI AvI muzkela sthitimAM bhaNavAnuM kharca te kema ja UpaDe ?" te tamAre jovAnuM che ke mAre ?" veNIno tINa svara gAjI rahyo. badhAM tenI dilAvarI prazaMsApUNa netre joI rahyAM. "nA, bena!" mRNAle kahyuM, "evI khoTI jaka na karazo. atyAre gharanuM kharca paNa kema pUruM karo cho te ApaNe samajIe chIe. emAM bhaNataranuM kharca kayAMthI UpaDaze ! e nokarI karaze te eTalI ciMtA te ochI thaze!" - "bena, tamAre ema kahevaDAvavuM che ke have A gharanI mAThI dazA besI gaI?" veNuM khUba gaMbhIra thaI gaI hatI. badhAM cUpa hatAM. "mArA jIvatAM" veNI bolI rahI, "te huM ema nahIM ja thavA dauM. zuM karuM mArAM mAbApa garIba che, " veNIe ghanazyAma sAme jotAM kahyuM. "nahIM to tyAMthI mAgI bhIkhI lAvIne ya meTAbhAIne abhyAsa pUro karAvata! paNa hajIye zuM bagaDI gayuM che? huM gharanI meTI chuM. gharanI lAja sAcavavAnI mArI pharaja che. tame badhAM naciMta rahe. huM bhUkhI rahevAnuM kabUlIza paNa moTAbhAI ke rasikabhAInuM bhaNatara te nahIM ja choDAvuM." "paNa bena...." mRNAle kahyuM. "nA, mArA saMkalpane jarAya durbaLa na banAvazo. Izvara mane sahAya karaze." veNImAM apArthiva tatva hoya tevuM lAgatuM hatuM. ane ghanazyAma, bhAI ! tuM hajI nAkhe che, nahIM te tuM tArI benane madada na kare?" "huM mArI benane jarUra madada karIza." ghanazyAma draDhatApUrvaka belyo. "meTa thA tyAre...veNIe vacce kahyuM. "huM meTe thAuM tyAM sudhI mArAthI besI zI rIte rahevAya? huM te bena mATe kaMika karavAno ja !" "ThIka ThIka. e te joyuM jaze." veNIe kahyuM. chevaTe moTAbhAIe ela ela. bI. ne abhyAsa karavA javuM ane rasika meTrikano abhyAsa cAlu rAkhe tema veNInI icchAnusAra nakkI thayuM. [apUrNa ]

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImanta sayAjIrAva lekhakaH rajA navavarSanA maMgalaprabhAtane hajI cAra mAsa pUrA vItyA nathI, tyAM te hiMda ane gujarAte aneka saMsmaraNIya vibhUtio gumAvI che. te gata vibhUtiomAM zrImaMta sayAjIrAvanuM sthAna ananya ne apUrya che. gata mahA vadI bIje svargastha banela e gurjaranarezanI jIvanarekhA, dhIme dhIme prabhutAthI dUra haThatA ane haThAvatA vartamAna hiMdanA alpa rAjavI samudAyamAM paNa kaMIka evuM jhaLahaLatuM teja dAkhave che ke game tevA hiMdIne paNa te AkarSyA vinA na ja rahe. temanuM jIvana aneka rIte mananIya che. sAmAnya kuTuMbamAM janmyA chatAM gurjarapatinuM pada zobhAvanAra, svamAnane jALavyA chatAM paradezIone prema chatanAra, hiMdu prajAnA rAjapratinidhi chatAM bIna Aryone paNa saMtoSanAra bhAratIya nRpati tarIke; ane vaibhava chatAM sAdAI, prabhutA chatAM kAruNya ane prajAvatsalatA chatAM aDagatA jevA paraspara virodhI guNone pacAvanAra sudhAraka naravIra tarIke hiMdanI pragatimAna prajAnA haiyAmAM temaNe amara sthAna jamAvyuM che. temane ane temanA pUrogAmIono itihAsa kaMIka romAMcaka, sAthe ja marAThI sAmrAjyanA aMga tarIke bhAratIya itihAsanuM eka jvalaMta prakaraNa reke evo che. gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA mULa saMsthApaka dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanA mAtAmaha zrI naMdAjIe eka samaye yavanathI harAtI keTalIka gAyone potAnA killAnAM kavADa-kamADa khelI aMdara kheMcI laI bacAvI lIdhelI. pariNAme te gAyakavADanA nAmathI oLakhAyA. zrI dAmAjIrAvane e pada temanI pAsethI vArasAmAM maLyuM. dAmAjI gAyakavADanuM yuddhanaipuNya virala hatuM. yavana sAthenA yuddhamAM te temanI zakti mAjhA mUkatI. I. sa. 172mAM nijhAma sAthenA yuddhamAM temaNe dAkhavelA apUrva parAkramathI khuza thaI zAhU chatrapatie temane "samazera bahAdUra 'ne IlkAba Apelo. dAmAjInA putra pilAjIrAvanI marAThI sainyanA senApatinA nAyabadivAna tarIke nimaNuka karavAmAM AvI. temaNe prathama te pitAne vasavATa khAnadezamAM rAkhyo; paNa pachI gujarAtamAM sonagaDha pAse eka killo bAMdhIne mugala subedAranI virUddhanAM yuddhamAM madada karI temaNe keTalAka pradeza para cotha ugharAvavAne hakka meLavyo. bhIlApuranA yuddha pachI temane mahArASTra cakravatI taraphathI 'senA khAsakhela'ne mAnavanta ilakAba bakSavAmAM Avyo. uparanA baMne ilkAbe Aje paNa e kuTuMbanA mukhya rAjavaMzI-gAyakavADa nareza dhAraNa kare che. pilAjInA atUTa parAkramathI gujarAtamAM vadhI rahelI marAThI sattA megala samrATane khUMcavA lAgI. teNe gujarAtanA mogala subedAra sara bulaMdakhAnane pAcho lAvI jodhapura nareza abhayasiMhane gujarAtanI subAgIrI suprata karI. abhayasiMhe vaDodarA kabaje karyuM ane saMdhinA bahAne kapaTathI pilAjIrAvanuM khUna karAvyuM. paNa khUne raMgAyela tenA hAtha gujarAtane

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140 * suvAsa : phAlguna 1995 .. na sAcavI zakayA. prajAnA laDAyakavarga khaMDa karyuM pilAjInA bhAI mahAdajIe vaDAdarA kabaje karI vaDAdarA gujarAtanI marAThI sattAnuM pATanagara banI rahyuM. pilAjInA putra dAmAjI khIjAe vyavasthita taMtra ne bhavya rAjagAdInI sthApanA karI. teNe prathama amadAvAda ane pachI gujarAtanI aDadhI vasulAta para adhikAra sthApI mALavAmAM praveza karyAM. cakravartI zAnA maraNa pachI te tArAbAInA pakSamAM bhaLatAM marAThI sattAnA tantrapratinidhi pezvAe tene kedamAM nAMkhyA. paNa tethI kaMI na vaLatAM mAnabharI saMdhi sAthe tene chUTA karavAmAM AvyA. e saMdhinI rUe gujarAta paranI tenI sattA vyavasthita, marAThI sAmrAjyanA aMgabhUta chatAM ekataMtra ne kaMIka aMze svataMtra banI. ane te te samAvI zake te pahelAM ja tene sazakta banAvI dIdhuM. te samayathI 1761nA pANIpatanA yuddha pachI teNe kAyiAvADaneA keTalAka bhAga sara karyAM. ane lAThInI rAjakuMvarI vere tenAM lagna thatAM bAkInA keTalAka bhAga tene paherAmaNImAM maLyA. A rIte pilAjI ane dAmAjInA parAkramI zramathI gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa, mALavA, khAnadeza ane rajaputAnAnA dhaNAkharA pradeza gAyakavADanA kabajAmAM AvyeA. paNa pilAjInA putrA kUttehasiMha ane gAviMdarAva vacce kalaha jAgatAM phattesiMhe muMbaI prAntamAM te samaye paribaLa jamAvatA aMgrejo sAthe lazkarI saMdhi karI. e saMdhinI rUe phattehasiMhane tApInI dakSiNe AvelA pradeza aMgrejone soMpavA paDayA ne aMgrejoe tenA rakSaNanI javAkhadArI svIkArI. te pachI sAlabAInA karAranI rUe gAyakavADa pezvAne kevaLa niyamita khaMDaNI Ape evuM ryuM. AnA pariNAme khaMDaNI sivAyanA viSayamAM gAyakavADI rAjya mahArASTrIya sAmrAjyathI keTaleka aMze svataMtra banyuM. phatteharsihe tene suvyavasthita khanAvyuM, rAjadhAnI vaDAdarAnI khIlavaNI mATe teNe zakaya upAya lIdhA. phattehasiMhanI pachI tenA bhAi gAviMdarAve vaDAdarAnI gAdI saMbhALI. vasAinA karAranI rUe tee marAThI sAmrAjyanA gurjarapratinidhi maTI vaDeAdarAnA rAjyakartA gaNAyA. temanA paranI pezvAnI sattA kamI thaI. paNa sAthe ja te briTiza rakSaNa heThaLa mUkAyA ne mejara vAkaranI vaDAdarAnA resIDenTa tarIke nimaNUka thaI. vAkara khUba pratibhAzALI ne lazkarI damAmane puruSa hatA. gAviMdarAvanI pachI gAdIe Avela kumAra AnaMdarAvanI bhalamanasAIne lAbha lai te vaDAdarArAjya ane gujarAta- kAThiyAvADanA sarva sattAdhIza banI beThA. teNe keTalAMka aMDa samAvyAM te gAyakavADanA AMtarika taMtramAM paNa te dakhala karatA thaye. 1924mAM, pezvAe gAyakavADane kAThiyAvADanI khaMDaNI ane amadAvAdanA ijArA saMbaMdhI, Apela paTAnI mudata pUrI thatAM teNe nA paTTo karI ApavA anicchA darzAvI. A jhadhaDAnA ukela ANuvA gAyakavADanA divAna gaMgAdhara zAstrIne, aMgrejonI bAMhedharI nIce, pUnA mekalavAmAM AvyA. paNa tyAM tenuM khUna thatAM aMgrejoe pezvAnI gAyakavADa paranI sattA pUrNapaNe khUMcavI lIdhI. te 1818mAM marAThI sAmrAjyanuM patana thatAM gAyakavADa svataMtra, albatta aMgrejonA kAbu heThaLanA, gurapati banyA. A arasAmAM ekhAmaMDaLamAM khaMDa jAgatAM aMgrejoe avyavasthAnA bahAnA nIce gAyakavADanA hAthamAMthI dvArakA sivAyanuM lagabhaga kAThiyAvADa chInavI lIdhuM. pezvAnuM pIThabaLa

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImanta sayAjIrAva * 541 javAthI gAyakavADanI sattA nabaLI banatAM tene rakSaNa ApavAnA badalAmAM, athavA te jenI mudata pAkavA chatAM haMmezAM kAcI ja rahetI hoya evA paTTAo nIce, aMgrejoe bIje paNa agatyane mulaka gAyakavADanA hAthamAMthI paDAvI lIdhA. kumAranareza AnaMdarAvanA vAlI tarIke nImAyela phattehasiMhane aMgrejonI A dakhalagIrI jherathI kaDavI lAgatI. te AkhA rAjataMtrane aMgrejonA pratispardhi tarIke ja gUMthI nAMkhate. pariNAme resIDenTa kArnA ke pitAnI pasaMdagI pramANe divAna nImavAnI nIti akhatyAra karI. AnaMdarAvanI pachI gAdIe Avela sayAjIrAva pratibhAsaMpanna ne tejasvI rAjavI hato. teNe aMgrejonA pratinidhi-muMbaInA gavarnara samakSa, AMtarika dakhalagIrI sabaMdhamAM, ane jarIka paNa badalA sivAya potAnA sainyanA upayoga sAme prabaLa virodha UThAvyo. gavarnare, je gAyakavADa, aMgrejonI IcchA pramANenI pararASTranIti, traNacUkavaNI ne aMgrejo sAthe abAdhita vyApAra ne mIThA saMbaMdhanI nIti svIkAre to te dakhalagIrI aTakAvavAnuM vacana ApyuM. sayAjIrAve tema karavA kabulyuM. paNuM karaja saMbaMdhamAM gAyakavADa ne resIDenTa vacce cakamaka jharI. aMgrejoe gAyakavADa para bIjuM paNa vIsa lAkhanuM RNa oDhADayuM. ne e kaNa ne sainya aMgeno kharca vagere temaNe keTalAka mahAla DAMka varSa sudhI potAnA kabajAmAM laI vasula karyA. AMtarika vahIvaTI taMtra aMgrejonI IcchA pramANe na racAya te AkhA rAjayanI vasulAta paNa pote ja ekaThI karavAnI temaNe dhamakI ApI. sayAjIrAvanA divAna veNIrAyane dUra karI aMgrejoe te sthaLe pitAnI pasaMdagIne divAna nImyo. A aMgrejanItinuM pariNAma kaMIka juduM ja Avata. paNa te arasAmAM muMbaInA gavarnara tarIke navA nImAyela lai kaleare sayAjIrAva sAthe mitratAnI nIti svIkAratAM badhuM thALe paDI gayuM. sayAjIrAve pitAnA khAnagI khajAnAmAMthI RNa cUkAvyuM. temaNe aMgrejonI IcchA pramANe rAjyamAM keTalAka sudhArA paNa karyA ne athAga zrama laI temaNe, aMgrejoe japta karelA mulakamAMthI banI zake teTale pAcho meLavI lIdhI; aMtaraMga vahIvaTa saMbaMdhamAM zakaya svataMtratA paNa meLavI. sayAjIrAvanA mRtyu pachI temanA traNa putro gaNapatarAva, khaMDerAva ne mahArarAva anukrame gAdIe AvyA. temAMthI khaMDerAvanI kArakIrdI vizeSa yazasvI nIvaDI. temanA samayamAM mardAnI ane medAnI khelene uttejana maLyuM. temaNe makarapurA rAjamahela baMdhAvyo; kiMmatI hIrA ane jara-javAharano suMdara saMgraha karyo. sattAvananA baLavAmAM temaNe aMgrejone pUratI madada ApavAthI aMgrejoe temane dattaka levAne adhikAra Apyo ane keTalIka vadhArAnI khaMDaNI mApha karI.. khaMDerAvanA mRtyu samaye mahArANI jamanAbAI sagarbhA hatAM. pariNAme teo saMtAnane janma Ape tyAM sudhI malhArarAvane rIjaMTa' nImavAmAM AvyA. malhArarAvane zrImata khaMDerAva sAthe mULathI ja aNabanAva heI temaNe, kahevAya che tema, rAjagAdI hAtha karavAne aneka prapaMce racyA. sagarbhA mahArANuM resIDenTane Azraye jai rahyAM. tyAM temaNe kuMvarIne janma ApatAM mahArarAvane rAjagAdIne adhikAra saheje maLI gaye; paNa temanA para rAjyanI geravyavasthA, ne khaMDerAvanA kuTuMbane temaja resIDenTane jhera ApavAnA prayAsa saMbaMdhI Aropa AvyA. te saMbaMdhI sarakAre kamIzana nImyAM paNa te kamIzano mahArarAvane pUrNa paNe deSita na TheravI rAkaLyAM. chatAM hiMdI sarakAre bIjA aneka kAraNone laI mahArarAvane padabhraSTa jAhera karyA. ne

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542 - suvAsa : phAlguna 1995 mahArANI jamanAbAI e zrImanta khaMDerAvate maLelA dattaka levAne adhikAra potAne suprata karavAnI mAgaNI karatAM sarakAre temane tema karavAnI, amuka zaratAe chUTa ApI. e zaratAmAMnI mukhya e ke cU'TAyala dattaka evI sagIra vayanA hAvA joIe ke tene amuka varSo sudhI jarUrI keLavaNI ApI zakAya te tenI bAlyAvasthA daramiyAna rAjyamAM Icchita suvyavasthA ANI zakAya. te mahArANI jamanAbAI, jyAM ukta zarata sacavAya, jenA para peAtAnI IcchA ane vAtsalya DhALAya, jenAmAM buddhimaya tejasvitA jhaLakI rahI heAya ane je gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA naravIrane zuddha ane AzAspada vaMzaja heAya evA dattakane kheALI kADhavAnI jarUriyAtamAM mUkAyAM. te e badhI gaNatarI jyAM saMtASAya evA eka bAlakumAra temane maLI paNa AvyA. * * * gAyakavADa kulabhUSaNa dAmAjIrAvane pratAparAva nAme eka tejasvI bhAI hatA. te bhAInI cothI peDhIe kAzIrAva ane ukhAjIrAva nAme e bhAI thayA. gAyakavADa kuTuMbamAM rAjaparyeAgya vArasa tarIke, malhArarAva sivAya, A e bhAI tathA temanA kumArAja yAti dharAvatA hatAM. ukta baMne bhAI enI sthiti sAmAnya hatI. kAzIrAva khAnadezanA kavakhANA gAmamAM khetIne dhaMdhA karatA. ukhAjI kaMIka samayathI vaDAdarAmAM jaI vasyA hatA. kAzIrAvane ANaMda, geApALa ne saMpata nAme traNa putra hatA; ukhAjIne dAdA sAheba nAme eka putra hatA. mahArANI jamanAbAI e ceAgya dattaka meLavI levAne A kuTuMba para najara doDAvI. temaNe kavakhANAmAM tapAsa karavAne rAjadUta te keTalAka sainikA meAkalyA. temaNe kAzIrAvane khALI kADhavA te temane ane temanA kuTuMbane rAjavaMzI tarIke cakAsI joI yeAgya saMtASa maLatAM tee kAzIrAvane temanA traNe putro sAthe nAzikamAM kala entharijanI samakSa laI gayA. tyAM te geArA sAhebe rAjagore pAse yeAgya tapAsa karAvarAvI temanI rAjavaMzIyatAnI khAtrI maLatAM temane vaDAdarAmAM mahArANI jamanAbAI pAse mAkalAvyA. kAzIrAva te ukhAjI teA mATI vayanA hatA. eTale kAzIrAvanA traNa putro ne ukhAjInA putra dAdAsAheba--e cAramAMthIja ekanI pasaMdagIneA savAla hatA. mahArANIe cArene cakAsyA. temAMthI vaya, teja, lakSaNa ane svabhAva jotAM temanI najara kAzIrAvanA vaceTa putra gopAla para TharI. temaNe te kumArane dattaka tarIke cUMTI kADhyA. ane aMgreja sarakAre temanI e cUMTaNIne saMmati ApatAM kumAra gopAla, tera varSanI vaye, sayAjIrAva trIjA tarIke vaDAdarAnA gAdIpati banyA. kumAra gopAlanA janma 1873 nA mArcanI sattaramIe thayelA. kuTuMbanI sAmAnya sthiti chatAM khAlavayamAM paNa temanAmAM bhavya ane rAjayAgya mahecchAe UchaLatI. khetIne dhaMdhA chatAM temanuM jIvana kAI mahAna rAjavaMzI kumAranI jema vikasatuM hatuM. mahArANI jamanAbAIe jyAre kumArete, temane vaDedare zA mATe khelAvavAmAM AvyA che te saMbaMdhI pUcheluM tyAre A gopAleja bedhaDaka javAba Apelo ke, " rAjya karavA. " mahArANIe jyAre judI judI dhAtunI vADakIomAM khIra pIraselI tyAre A gopAleja temAMthI seAnAnI vADakI U McakI laI rAjendrane yAgya adAthI te AreAgavA mAMDelo.

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImanta sathAjIrAva - 543 temanuM bhAgya paNa apUrva ane kaMIka aMze camatkArika hatuM. bAra varSanI vaye te temane smArTa gujarAtanI gAdI varI lAgyuM eTaluM ja nahi, teNe eja vayamAM temanAmAM saMskAranuM kaMIka evuM mAdhurya siMceluM ane azvanI kaMIka evI rekhAe AMkelI ke temanI sthitimAM UcharelA khALaka jyAM jatAM pazu saMkrAca anubhave te sthaLanA eka mAtra adhiSThAtA tarIke paNa te zAbhI UThayA, gAdIe besatAM tarataja temaNe vaDAdarAnA pratyeka devamaMdiranAM darzana karyA, aneka saMnyAsIonA AzirvAda lIdhA. gAdIpati tarIke te nAnI vayanA hAi temanI sattA rAjamAtA jamanAbAI, divAna sara TI. mAdhavarAva ne vaDI sarakAranA pratinidhine hastaka rahetI. rAjamAtAnuM temanA para apUrva vahAla varasatuM. temanI prAthamika keLavaNIno javAbadArI zarUAtamAM be vidvAna paMDitAne hastaka soMpavAmAM AvI. mahArAjAe temanI samakSa sarasvatIdevInA savidha pUjana pachI zikSaNanuM maMgalAcaNa karyuM. temanA bhAi saMpatarAva ane kAkAputra dAdAsAheba paNa temanI sAtheja abhyAsa karatA thayA. zrImantanA zikSaNanI zarUAtamAMja briTananA yuvarAja ane bhaviSyanA samrATa sAtamA eDavarDa' hiMdanAM darzane AvyA. temane sanmAnavAne mahArAjAne rasAlA sAthe muMbai javAnuM thayuM. tyAM teo yuvarAjane satkAravAne muMbaI jai paheAMcela vAIsarAya nArthabhruka sAthe saMsagaeNmAM AvyA ane yuvarAja muMbaine bAre UtaratAM temanI sAthe paNa mulAkAta thai. e samaye yuvarAjane Akasmika vaDedarA AvavAnuM nizcita thatAM mahArAjA rAjamAtA, divAna ane rasAlA sAthe tarataja vaDAdarA pAchA pharyAM. ane mahArASTrIya sAmrAjyanA vaMzaje ane gAyakavADanA pATanagare briTananA yuvarAjanAM apUrva sanmAna mATe taiyArIe karavA mAMDI. yuvarAja vaDAdarA AvatAM temane eka lagya hAthI para seAnAnI aMbADImAM khesADI vaDAdarAnA rAjamArgo para saradhasanA AkAramAM pheravavAmAM AvyA. mahArAjAe temanI madhura mahemAnagIrI sAcavI. yuvarAje vaDedarAnA nivAsa daramiyAna eka virATa cittAnA zikAra karyAM; ane mahArAjA ucca ane vijayI zikSaNa varI peAtAnA saMsthAnamAM sArvatrika sudhArA karavAmAM bhAgyazALI nIvaDe evI temaNe mahad AzA pradarzita karI. rAjamAtA jamanAbAie yuvarAjJIne peAtAnA jhaverakhAnAmAMthI eka ratnajaDita meAtIne! hAra ne eka jaDAvakaMThe bheTa dharyAM. ane e rIte arasparasanI mulAkAtA dvArA madhura saMbaMdha sthApI nA. yuvarAja muMbaI pAchA pharyAM. vaDAdarAnA resIDenTa sara rIcarDa rIDa ane muMbaisarakArane zrImantano 3LavaNImAM khAsa rasa paDatA. te nA. yuvarAjane paNa e viSayamAM eTalA ja rasa dAkhavatA joi mahArAjAnA zikSaNane vadhAre kAryasAdhaka banAvavA eka tejasvI yurApiyana zikSakanI jarUriyAta UbhI thai. pariNAme nA. resIDenTanI yAjanA ane bhalAmaNathI ratnAgirinA eka vakhatanA AsI. kalekaTara mI. iliyaTanI mahArAjAnA zikSaka tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. mI. IliyaTe mahArAjAnI keLavaNInI paLepaLa sAcavI lIdhI. temAM temaNe eka evuM navaleja pUryuM ke je teja zrImantanI kIrtivanta bhAvi kArakirdInuM mULa banyuM. mahArAjAnA mana para temaNe kayuM sthAna temane zI rIte zAbhAvavAnuM che tenI satata chApa pADacA karI.

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54 - suvAsa : phAguna 1995 rAjamAtAne dattaka putra para sAcA putra jeTaluM ja vahAla chatAM teo kadI temanI keLavaNInI ADe na AvyAM. divAna sara TI. mAdhavarAve rAjyanI badhI javAbadArI pote saMbhALI lIdhI eTaluM ja nahi-mahArAjAne vizeSamAM temaNe keTaluMka rAjakIya jJAna paNa ApyuM. A rIte zrImantanuM zikSaNa anekavidha viSayomAM vikasavA lAgyuM. rAjanIti, ItihAsa, sAhitya ramatagamata, gha DesvArI vageremAM te regya rIte jhaLakatA thayA. rAjyakArebAranuM temane tvarita jJAna ApavAne bhAratanA nAmAMkita ane rAjanItijJa puruSonAM sekaDe bhASaNanI hAramALA goThavavAmAM AvI. e sarva bhASaNamAM sara TI. mAdhavarAve suvyavasthita kArobAra saMbaMdhI ApelAM bhASaNa khUbaja kimatI lekhAyAM che. e abhyAsakrama pUruM thayA pahelAM ja zrImantane 1837nA dihI-darabAra prasaMge, pharajaMde khAsa daulate igleiziyA'- IDhakAba bakSavAmAM Avyo. sattara varSanI vaye, rAjabhaginI tArAbAInA lagna pachI tarataja, temanuM lagna karavAmAM AvyuM. te lagnamAM dezaparadezanA nAmAMkita mahemAnoe hAjarI ApelI, ane rAjamAtAnA vAtsalyapUrNa utsAhathI te lagnanI dhAmadhUma eka apUrva utsavarUpa banI gayelI. mahArAjAnAM patnI lakSmIbAI tAMjora rAjyanA kuTuMbI vikhyAta mohite vaMzanAM kuMvarI hatAM. lagna pachI temanuM nAma cimanAbAI rakhAyeluM. mahArAjAne e lagna khUba sukhada nIvaDeluM. ukta lagnaprasaMge ja AjanA vikhyAta lakSmIvilAsa mahelane pAyo naMkhAyo. daza varSanI mudata ane pacAseka lAkhanA kharce te mahela taiyAra thayeluM. tenI bAMdhaNI InDe- sArAsana paddhatinI che ane hiMdanA keIpaNa rAjamahela karatAM te vadhu zreSTha gaNAya che. lagna pachI tarataja mahArAjAnA hAthamAM rAjyanI lagAma suprata thavI joIe evI bhAvanA janmI. mahArAjAnuM zikSaNa paNa e samaye pUruM thavA AvyuM hatuM. parINAme rAjamAtA ane divAnanA prayAsathI e vAta vaDI sarakAranA kAne nakhAI. ane 1881 nA. DisembaramAM, briTananI sarakAranI saMmatithI, mahArAjAne sarva sattA suprata karavAmAM AvI. ukta prasaMge mahArAjAe kareluM bhASaNa khUbaja AzAspada ane prajAprema bharyuM hatuM. mahArAjAe A rIte rAjya saMbhALI letAM ja temanA divAna ane guru sara TI. mAdhavarAva pitAnA hodAnuM rAjInAmuM ApI pitAne vatana cAlyA gayA. mahArAjAe temanA sthAne kAjI zAhabudInanI nImaNuka karI. rAjyanI lagAma hAthamAM lIdhA pachI tarataja mahArAjAe zikSaNa sAthe keLavAyelI temanI udAtta ane sudhAraka bhAvanAone mUrta svarUpa ApavA mAMDayuM. temaNe IjArApaddhati baMdha karI raiyatavArI paddhati apanAvI, jakAta ane kheDUte para kara kaMIka aMze kamI karyo, navanavAM khAtAMo kholI tenA uparI tarIke navA amaladAro nImavA mAMDayA. rAjya taraphathI thatA dAnamAM khUba ghaTADo karI nAMkhavAmAM Avyo. relvenI nAnI saDake baMdhAvA lAgI, ne sthaLe sthaLe nizALe ne vAMcanAlaye khUlavA lAgyAM. I. sa. 1883 ne ogasTamAM mahArANI cimanAbAIe yuvarAja-putrane janma Ape. vaDodarAe bhaviSyanA e mahAna yuvarAja-zrImAna phatehasiMharAvane bhavya janmotsava Ujavyo. te pachI bIjA varSe mahArANIe eka kanyAratnane janma Apyo. paNa e arasAmAM

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImanta sayAjIrAva 55 emanI tabiyata kSayaroganA pariNAme vadhAre lathaDI, ane e ja varSamAM teo avasAna pAmyAM. temane prema, prabhAva ane virala strItva vaDodarAnA rAjavaMzanI kIrtine paNa vadhAre ujjavaLa banAve evAM hatAM. temanI smRtine kAyama rAkhavA vaDodarAnA TAvara ane nyAyamaMdira sAthe temanuM nAma joDavAmAM AvyuM che. ukta mahArANunA avasAna pachI bIje varSe zrImate devAsanAM rAjakuMvarI gajarAbAI sAthe lagna karyuM. lagna pachI e mahArANIne paNa cimanAbAInuM ja nAma apAyuM. teo mahArAjAnAM anta sudhInAM sAthI tarIke hayAta che. 1894mAM mahArANI vikaTeriyAe temane kAuna phi InDIyA " ne IlkAba Apo. A sthitimAM zrImate vaDodarAnA madhyastha taMtrane alpa samayamAM suvyavasthita karyuM. te pachI teo rAjyamAM paryaTane nIkaLyA. temaNe baLadagADImAM gAmaDe gAmaDe pravAsa karyo ne sAmAnya prajAnA paNa teo saMsargamAM AvyA. pitAnA rasAlAthI grAmyajanone kanaDagata na thaI paDe e khAtara teo potAnI sAthe mANasa paNa khUba ochA rAkhatA. prajAne zikSaNa ane sudhArAne mArge vALavAnI mahArAjAnI utkaTa IcchA keLavAyelI. tene siddha karavA temaNe dhIme dhIme zakaya upAya ajamAvavA mAMDayA. 7 thI 12 varSanI ummaranA chokarAo ane 3 thI 10 varSanI ummaranI chokarIo mATe AkhA rAjyamAM temaNe prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta banAvyuM. aMtyajo ane bIjI sAmAnya keme paNa e zikSaNane pUro lAbha uThAvI zake evI temaNe vyavasthA karI. mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNa mATe paNa temaNe evAM ja suMdara pagalAM lIdhAM. te mATe jarUrI sthaLoe temaNe mAdhyamika zALAo ke hAIskulo sthApavA mAMDI. ucca zikSaNa mATe vaDodarAmAM keleja kholI tene nAmAMkita banAvavA temaNe bhagIratha prayAsa AdaryA. temanI A zikSaNaheza ane pragati chevaTa sudhI cAlu rahI. ane vaDodarAnuM kalAbhavana temaja vaDodarA ane rAjyanAM bIjAM agatyanAM sthaLoe AvelAM saMskRta ke Ayurvedane lagatAM mahAvidyAlaya e viSayanI anekavidhatAnA sUcaka namunA che. pitAne dareka viSayathI mAhitagAra rAkhavAne ane te te viSayamAM salAha ApavAne temaNe khAtAvAra adhikArIonuM eka salAhakAraka-maMDaLa nImyuM. 1904 temaNe muMbaI dhArAsabhAnI Dhabe pitAnA rAjya mATe paNa eka dhArAsabhAnI yojanA ghaDI kADhI ne tene tarata amalamAM mUkI e sabhAne vistRta pAyA 5ra caDAvavA mAMDI. gAdIe AvIne mahArAjAe tarata nyAyazuddhi mATe prayAsa AdarelA. te mATe temaNe kAyadAone zuddha ane navIna svarUpa ApyuM, eka bhavya nyAyasabhAnI sthApanA karI. 1904 mAM temaNe nyAya ane kArobArI baMne khAtAM pUrNapaNe alaga karI nAkhyAM. lorDa minTee nyAyanI AvI suMdara ane AkarSaka vyavasthA mATe temane dhanyavAda Apyo. lekenA jAnamAlane yogya rakSaNa maLe te khAtara polIsa khAtAnI navIna vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI. prajAne pUratI vaidakIya sagavaDatA ApavAne Thera Thera suMdara davAkhAnAM kholavAmAM AvyAM. 1902 mAM rAjavyavasthAnAM junAM svarUpa sAthe navInanuM mizraNa karI grAmapaMcAyatanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. ane te pachI tarataja meTAM zaherone myunisipala-sthAnika svarAjyane lagatA hakka ApavAmAM AvyA.

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pa46 suvAsa : phAlsana 15 gA e AvyA pachI tarataja mahArAjAnA manamAM zaheranI pANInI muzkelI dUra karavAnI vAta janmelI. te mATe temaNe eka bhavya sarevara baMdhAvavAnI yojanA vicArI. paNa te = dhamAM yuropiyana IjaneranI AMkaNa nApasaMda paDatAM vaDodarAnA eka Ijanera zrI jagannAtha sadAzIvanI yojanAnusAra, vaDodarAthI tera mAIla dUra pUrNA nadInA baMdha para, cotrIsa lAkhanA kharca, sayAjI sarevara bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM. Aje te saravara vaDedarA zahera ane kempanuM pANI pUruM pADe che. A arasAmAM mahArAjAe paradezapravAsa kare. te prasaMge laMDanamAM mahArANI vikaTAriyAe temane, vaDasara mahelamAM darabAra bharI, jI. sI. esa. AI. ne IlakAba Ape. bIjA eka pravAsa daramiyAna amerikAmAM mahArAjAe Thera Thera ramaNIya vAMcanAlaya nihALyAM. te joI potAnA rAjyamAM paNa evI vyavasthA karavAnI temanAmAM maheza janmI. te mATe teo De. bArDanane pitAnI sAthe lAvyA. temaNe vaDedarA rAjyamAM e rIte pustakAlaya sthApavAnI yojanA vicArI. pariNAme vaDodarAmAM e viSayane lagatI madhyastha saMsthA kholavAmAM AvI. mahArAjAe potAnA aMgata pustakAlayanAM vIza hajAra pusta ke e saMsthAne arpaNa karyA. ne e rote vaDodarAnA madhyavartI (senTrala) pustakAlayane janma thayo. Aje e bhavya pustakAlaya uparAMta rAjyamAM caudaza jeTalAM vAcanAlo hasti dharAve che. mahArAjAne svadezaprema ane Arya saMskRti pratine bhAva paNa kIrtivardhaka hate. hiMdI bhASAne rASTrIya tarIke temaNe ja prathama apanAvI che. game tevAM aTapaTAM aMgrejI nAmane paNa te bhASAmAM utarAvatA. prAcIna sAhityane dhIme dhIme lepa thata hoI tenA rakSaNa ne saMzodhana mATe temaNe prApya vidyAmaMdiranI sthApanA karI. prAcIna avazenI zodhakhoLa ne jALavaNI mATe temaNe saMzodhanakhAtuM paNa sthApyuM. prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyamALAne uttejana ApavA uparAMta navA sAhityalekhana mATe temaNe sayAjIgranthamALAnI zarUAta karI. 1899nA duSkALamAM kheDUtanI behAla sthiti prati zrImantanuM dhyAna derAyeluM. tyArathI temaNe kheDUtanA sukha mATe satata zrama Adaryo. kheDUtone mahesUlamAM rAhata, dhIradhAra karanArAonI lUMTamAMthI temane choDAvavA kAyadAnuM rakSaNa-vagere dvArA temaNe prajAnA te prathama vargane sthira ane sukhI banAvavA bhAvanA sevI che, temanA vikAsa mATe temaNe pAzcAtya Dhabe, pradarzana ne bhASaNonI paNa vyavasthA karelI. jIvananI chelI kSaNa sudhI kheDUta pratine temane e prema kAyama rahela. svargavAsanA thoDAka ja divasa pahelAM temaNe mahesUlamAM savAekavIza lAkhane ghaTADo kare. samAjasudhAraka tarIke te teo ajoDa hatA. paradezagamanamAM naDatI muzkelIone temaNe bahAdurIpUrvaka sAmano karela. sAmAjika ke dhArmika sudhAraNane lagatA je kAyadAo karatAM briTiza sarakAra paNa AMcake khAtI te kAyadAo A mahAna sudhAraka sahelAIthI ghaDI zakatA-e viSayamAM te vaDodarAnI dhArAsabhA paNa vaDIdhArAsabhAnI prayogabhUmi gaNI phAya. bALalagna-pratibaMdha, dharmasvAtaMtrya, sIvIla mereja-ekaTa, AMtarakemIya ke AMtarajAtIya lagnaTa, vidhavA punarlagna, chUTAcheDAne kAyado, harijana maMdira-praveza, sagotra-lagna, strIvArasA hakka, saMnyAsadIkSA pratibaMdhaka niyamana-jemAMnA keTalAka kAyadAo hiMdI sarakAra hajI sudhI paNa nathI karI zakI te, lAkSaNika rIte keLavAyela mahArAjAe varSothI amalamAM mUkelA che. mahArAjAnuM kauTumbika jIvana sadeva sukhI nathI nIvaDayuM. gAdIe AvyA pachI tarataja

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImanta sayAjIrAva 547 temanA pitAzrI avasAna pAmyA. te pachI mahArANI cimanAbAInuM avasAna. yuvarAja phatehasiMharAva para temaNe mahad AzA sevelI. te kumArane pitAthI paNa adhika banAvavAnI temanI bhAvanA hatI. ne e vIra kumAre evI tejasvitA dAkhavI paNa kharI; paNa e mahAna yuvarAja yuvAna vaye ja avasAna pAmyA. te ja samayathI mahArAjAnA thanaganatA tejasvI haiyA para jANe timirano paTa patharAI gayA. te pachI te temaNe rAjamAtA, bhaginI tArA rAje, bhAIo, navAM mahArANInA be kuMvara, eka putravadhU, eka jamAI vagerene pitAnI AMkha AgaLa ja adazya thatAM joyAM. chatAM eka mahAna vIra tarIke mahArAjAe A badhuM duHkha sahI lIdhuM. te sva. yuvarAja phatehasiMharAvanA putra zrImanta pratApasiMharAvane temaNe yuvarAja tarIke keLavaNI ApavA mAMDI. vaDI sarakAra sAthe zrImatane saMbaMdha mIThe hato. chatAM keTalIka vakhata svamAnanI bhAvanAnA kAraNe e sarakAra sAthe temane athaDAmaNamAM AvavuM paDeluM. bApaTa-kesa prasaMge kamIzananI sakhata zikSAnI bhalAmaNone asvIkAra karI temaNe AropIne nirdoSa TharAvI choDI mUkele tyAre hiMdI sarakAranI temanA para khaphAmarajI UtarelI. hiMdI sIvIla-savase yuktithI dUra rAkhelA araviMda ghoSane te vilAyatathI pitAnI sAthe letA AvyA ane bhaviSyanI te mahAvibhUtinI rASTrIya pravRttio jyAre vaDodarAmAMthI prakAzavA mAMDI tyAre sarakArane pharI cImakI lAgI. paDavA-prakaraNamAM paNa kaMIka evuM ja banyuM. dilhI darabAra prasaMge sAmrAjJI merIne salAma bharavI bhUlI javAtAM briTanamAM paNa UhApoha jAgele. AMtarika vahIvaTamAM mAthuM mAravAnA resIDenTanA prayAsane te teo mULamAMthI ja niSphaLa karI nAMkhatA. lorDa karjhane temanA para makela keTalAka pratibaMdhane paNa temaNe saphaLatApUrvaka sAmano kare che. eka samaye to eka patramAM temaNe jaNAvI dIdheluM ke, "amane kahevAmAM to rAjAo Ave che paNa vaDI sarakAranA pratinidhione amArI sAtheno vartAva eka nokara karatAM paNa kharAba heya che. amArI sAthe karavAmAM AvelA karAranI kazI kimata nathI lekhAtI." bIjA hiMdI rAjAo, paradezanA nAmAMkita vIra ane hiMdanA prajAkIya AgevAne ke pratiSThita saMsthAo sAthe mahArAjA mIThe saMbaMdha dharAvatA. 1892mAM temaNe IglAMDanA nAmAMkita vaDA vachara glaeNDasTana, 1905mAM presIDenTa rUjhavelTa, 1910 mAM jApAnapati mIkADo, 1934 mAM nA. pipa ne 1936 mAM hara hITalaranI mulAkAta lIdhelI. olimpiyA ramatagamatanA prasaMge hITalare sAmA AvIne mahArAjAne satkAra kare. banArasa hiMdu yunIvarsiTInA teo cAnselara hatA. ane banArasa tathA laMDana yunIvarsiTI taraphathI temane ela ela. DI. nI DIgrI apAyelI. dAnezvarI tarIke paNa teo nAmAMkita che. jIvanakALa daramiyAna temaNe be karoDa lagabhaganuM dAna karyuM che. temAMthI eka karoDa te temaNe hIraka mahotsava prasaMge zrAddhAranI janAnI siddhi aja apelA; bAkInA dAnane moTe bhAge temaNe zikSaNa, sAhitya ne saMskRtinA vikAsa arthe vAparela. rAjyAbhiSekanerI ke suvarNa-mahatsava te keTalAka rAjavIoe mANyo haze. paNa hIraka mahotsava paNa najare jonAra gAdIpati tarIke te mahArANI vikaTeriyAthI bIje naMbara emanoja Ave. temanA hIraka-mahatsavanI ujavaNI paNa apUrva banelI. te prasaMge nA. zahenazAha, hiMdI vajIra, nA. vAIsaroya ane jagatanA bIjA aneka nAmAMkita puruSoe temane abhinaMdana ApelAM.

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pi48 suvAsa : phAlgana 1995 hiMdanI zArIrika nirbaLatA temane khUba khUMcatI. te dUra karavA temaNe vyAyAmasaMsthAone mokale hAthe uttejana ApeluM. rAjyanA pratyeka vibhAgamAM evI saMsthAone temaNe vikAsa vAM che. chellA keTalAka samayathI vaDedarA-kolejamAM paNa temaNe lazkarI tAlima pharajiyAta karelI. prajAne rAjanItinuM jJAna ApavAne paNa te khUba utsuka hatA. te mATe temaNe eka abhyAsapUrNa grantha taiyAra karAvarAve. pachAta ke prati paNa temane madhura ane sakriya prema hato. ma. gAMdhIjInI harijana caLavaLa te thoDAMka varSathI ja zarU thaI che, paNa zrImanta te hiMdanA anya bhAgomAM aMtyajone je sthAne hajI sudhI nathI maLyuM te varSo para bakSI dIdheluM. - pAMsaTha varSanA dIrdha rAjakALa daramiyAna te prajAnA ekaniSTha zAsaka ane premALa pitA tarIke rahyA che. chellAM keTalAMka varSathI temane mukhya vasavATa che ke aneka kAraNanA aMge paradezamAM rahe chatAM te daramiyAna teo prajAne vIsarI gayA che ema te naja gaNAya. temaNe pacIza vakhata paradezanI musApharI karI che paNa hara vakhate prajAprazna te pitAnA haiyeja rAkhyo che. jagatadharma-pariSadanI uddadhATanakriyA prasaMge temaNe rAjyanA bekArano savAla hAtha dharele; hara hITalaranI mulAkAta prasaMge pitAnA rAjyamAM paNa lazkarI tAlimanI jarUriyAta svIkArelI, vaDodarAnI AjanI ronaka e mahAna rAjavIne AbhArI che. pATanagaranI aDadhI zobhA to tenAM sarakArI ke jAhera-bhavanane lIdhe che ane temAMnAM lagabhaga dareka sva. zrImantanA hasteja baMdhAyelAM che. kIrtimaMdira, myujhiyama, koleja, kalAbhavana, lAyabrerI, lakSmIvilAsa mahela, khaMDerAva mArkeTa, nyAyamaMdira vagere bhavya ImArata temanA prayAsane AbhArI che. zrImate karelI keTalIka navaracanAo je ke Arya-hiMdI saMskRtine pratikULa che paNa hiMdI prajAnuM Arthatva Aje je bahArane mahAvega tenI punita saMskRti para dhasI AvIne ene gUMgaLAvI ane dajhADI rahyo che e gUMgaLAmaNathI bacavAne bAraNuM kholI nAkhavAmAM ane e dAhamAM paNa sAntana pAmavAne aMga para ThaMDu pANI reDavAmAMja prakAzI zake tema heI A mahAna rAjavIe e saMbaMdhamAM lIdhelA pagalAne asthAne kahevAM muzkela che. svataMtra hoya te eka mahArAjaya tarIke zobhI uThe eTalo avakAzaH kAMtivanta nRpati, pacIza lAkhanI prajA, traNa karoDanI AmadAnI tara tijorI, ne 8164 mAIlanuM kSetraphaLaemAM prajAe kaMI duHkha bhogavyuM hoya ke te bhogavatI hoya te te enA rAjavIne nahi paNa emanA hAtha jene hastaka heya ene AbhArI gaNAvuM joIe. - ensAIkalopIDiyA briTAnikA vaDodarA rAjyanA varNanaprasaMge zrImantanI kIrti saMbaMdhamAM mauna seve che eTaluM ja nahi paNa vaDedarAmAM kayAM kayAM khAtAo yuropiyananA netRtva nIce SiAI rahyAM che tene ja te prAdhAnya Ape che. DAka mAsa pahelAM paradezanI chellI sapharethI pAchA pharatAM zrImanta muMbaI baMdare ekAeka gaMbhIra bimArImAM paTakAI paDayA. ne pUratI sAravAra chatAM beeka mAsanI mAMdagI bhogavI te svargavAsI banyA. avasAna pachI tarata ja temanA zabane khAsa TreInamAM vaDodarAmAM lAvavAmAM AveluM. tyAM Doka samaya sudhI te darzana mATe khulluM rAkhI bIje divase bapore, prajApremamAM pratIkasama varSanAM phalenA upahAra vacce, bhavya rAjavaMzI mAnapUrvaka tene pAlakhImAM nagaranA

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gAyakavADa nareza zrImata sayAjIrAva * 549 * * * che rAjamArgo para pheravI, kIrtimaMdiranA gAnamAM, caMdanakAinI ginAma, paMcetera tenI salAmI sAthe agnisaMskAra karavAmAM Avyo. temanA avasAnathI kevaLa vaDedarA rAja nahi, hi paNa eka navIra sudhAraka putra gumAvyo che. hiMdI sarakAre khAsa pakiA dArA tAnA avasAnanI dilagIrIbharI noMdha lIdhelI. nA. zahenazAha, zahenazAhabAnuM, hiMdI vajIra. nA. vAIsaroya, ma. gAMdhIjI, zrI. sabhA bojha ane jagatanI bI dai paNa aneka nAmAMkana kioe temanA avasAna saMbaMdhI dilagIrI sAthe navA mahAnA para dilArAnA devA mekalelA. temanAM asthi jyAre gaMgAmAM padharAvavAne hAi javAmAM Avaze te hAre DeraThera te asthi paNa puSpahArathI vadhAvAyelAM. bhUle to keTalIka vakhata rASTravidhAtAothI paNa thaI jAya che. paNa teravI buddhi, nimaLa bhAvanA, ane digantavyApI kIrti e rAja kRpA gaNAya che. zrImana nA e sarva bhUSaNothI alaMkRta nahetA ema kahevAne koI ja taiyAra na hoya. temanI pachI temanA yazavI sihAsane AvanAra zrImanta pratApasiMharAvane rava. zrImanta pratyeka khAtAne ane pratyeka viSayano anubhava ane keLavaNuM AvyAM che. zrImanta pratApasiMharAve paNa gAdIe AvyA pachI prAnakIya 88. rAmAM kheDUtone rAhata ApI che, sva. pratinA pUjya ne premalabhAvane smArakarUpe jaDI levAne khAnagI khajAnAmAMthI eka karoDa rUpiyA judA tAre [ jJAti ] vyA che, dhArAsabhAne vistRta ronAkhAe rAmazera bahAdura vartamAna gAyakavADa banAvI prajAne prAthamika nareza krImanta pratApasiMharAva rAjakIya hakko bakyA che. A rIte teo saMva pragati che, Arya prajAnI sAMkRtika rakSaNanI bhAvanAne saMtoSa ane rAjyAbhika prasaMge prApremane vilopa suMdara rIte sakriya banAvI teo sva. zrImannathI paNa savAI kIni vare e bhAvanA Aje pratyeka gAyakavADI prajAjanane haiye jaDAI che. , ':

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citrAMgadA : rasadarzana bAlaca maNilAla parIkha (gatAMka pRSTa 481 thI cAlu) madananA varadAnathI citrAne anupama dehalAvaNya prApta thayuM kharuM, paNa jyAre te vatI priya milananI madhurajanIne abhiSeka karavAnuM subhaga prabhAta AvI pahoMce che tyAre te kaI agamya kSobha anubhave che. ekAeka tene vimala cittAkAzamAM eka saMdeharekhA pragaTe che- jene laI tenuM mana vyAkuLa bane che, hadaya asvasthatA anubhave che, aMtaramAM badhA jAge che. ekaja jhabakAramAM pUrvane saghaLo AnaMda adazya thAya che. prabhAtapaMkhInA praya gAne jAgrata thatAM jevI tenI najara kisalayI adharane hAsyakiraNe opatA arjunanA sau vadana para paDe che ke tarata ja tenA mukhAraviMda para harSanI eka AchI smitaprabhA jhaLakI rahe che. paNa haju te e prajA tenA hadayamAM bharAtA raselAsane saMpUrNa pragaTAvI tene sanAtana saumyamita rUpe tenI mukhamudrApara aMkita karI de te pahelAM te pele saMdeha vacce potAne aMdhArapaTTa nAkhI de che. ne tatsaNa AnaMda ane ullAsa-praNayadarzananA e be naisargika prAdurbhAva tyAMthI vidAya le che. temane sthAne viSAda ane audAsinya pitAnuM sAmrAjya jamAve che; ane e mAlatImaMDapa, e nidrAdhIna priyatama, e hAlI pRthvImAta para eka Acho udAsInI chAyA pAtharI de che. AsapAsanI bhUmimAM citrAne junAM saMsmaraNo tAjA thAya che. pote pUrve zuM hatI ane atyAre tenI zI dazA ktI te sarva mRtipaTa para UThI tenA hadayamAM cirasuSama bhAva jagAve che ne tenA manane bhAyamAna karI mUke che. je priya vasudhAnA bAhupAzamAM, arjunanA sAnnidhyamAM, thoDIka kSaNe pUrve te apUrva sukha anubhavatI hatI te ja vasudhA pUrvasmaraNonA darpaNa rUpa banatAM have tene akArI thaI paDe che. ne kaI paNa laya vinA, bAlavinA kamala-tejasvI prakAzamAM sudhAtA e lalita latAmaMDapa ane aMdara sUtelA suramya kAntane sahasA tyAga karI te araNyanA aMtaHpradezamAM deDI jAya che. Akho divasa te deDe che-deDayA ja kare che, Akhare eka ekAMta khUNe maLatAM tyAM saMtasa hadayane avirata rudananI amavarSAmAM ThAlave che. abhiSTa sukhanI saMprApti pachI tarata ja AvI dArUNa hadayavyathA zA kAraNe haze ? pratyeka prasaMganuM bIja UMDe UMDe tene sAMkaLatA purogAmI prasaMganA garbhamAM ja raheluM che e satya tarapha je prastuta vastusthiti nirdezavAmAM Ave ane tene anulakSIne, pitAnI. paristhitithI madana ane vasantane vAkepha karavA temanI samIpa citrAe karelA ukta prasaMganA nivedananuM je UMDuM anaveSaNa karavAmAM Ave te jaNAI Ave ke tenI mane vedanAne preraka hetu tenA AtmavRttAMtamAMthI ja evI sama ne manohArI bhAvamayatAthI vyakta thAya che ke tene bIje kayAMya zodhavA javAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. e vRttAMta ahIM pragaTa karavAthI tenA hetuno pAra mapAya eTaluM ja nahi paNa tenA pariNAmika bhAvi aMtanI cAvI paNa temAMthI ja maLI rahe,

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citrAMgadA : rasadazana 551 priya milana viSe citrAnuM pUrvokta kathana sAMbhaLI, tene sahevI paDelI aMtaravyathA viSe dilagIrI darzAvatAM ane pitAnA prayatnanI niSphaLatA uccAratAM jayAre madana kahe che ke "aphasosa! o mAnavakanyA ! divyabhaMDAramAMthI meM svargIya, saurabhapUrNa madirA upADI temAMthI kinArI sudhI pyAle bharI pIvA sArU tArA hAthamAM mUkyo, chatAM hajIe A vyathAnuM AraMda sAMbhaLuM chuM ?... tyAre kAMIka cIDAIne citrA uttara Ape cheH kANe e pyAlo pIdhe? jIvana-abhilASanI viralatama paripUrNatA, premane prathama saMga mane arpA, paNa hAthamAM AvatAveMta te jhUMTavI levAyo !" A premane khyAla zuM madane ja jhUMTavI lIdhuM hatuM ? apUrva sukha bakSI teNeja zuM te pAchuM laI lIdhuM hatuM? nA. tyAre te kalyANayogamAM vidana nAkhavAnI dhRSTatA karanAra e kahyuM hatuM ? bIjuM kaI nahi, bIjuM kaI nahi-paNa jeNe citrA para Adhipatya jamAvyuM hatuM te saMdeharAhu! citrAne eTaluM te avazya pratIta thAya ja che ke tene maLeluM dehalAvaNya game teTaluM ojasvI che, game teTaluM vikAsamAna che, Akhare te pitAnuM to nahotuM ja. atyAre yauvanavasantamAM khIlatI tenI premasRSTi game teTalI adabhuta ane sumadhura che, paNa tene vizvAsa zo? eka varSano samaya hato khare, paraMtu eka yugane paNa niti samaya paNa jene ocho paDe evA kALamaryAdAthI atIta premane mana eka varSanI zuM kiMmata? eka dina e jarUra Avaze jyAre e saundarya kharI paDatAM tene Azraye vikasele prema dhULamAM ragadoLAI jaze. tyAre pitAnI zI sthiti ? A vicAra ja citrAne viThThala karI mUke che. kevI karuNa dazAmAM AkhuM jIvana vitAvavuM paDaze ? saundarya jatAM e jIvanamAM premanuM sthAna to kayAMthI ja haze ? jo ke hajI eka varSanI vAra che, chatAM jema koI vastunA bhayanI asara nIce anya nirdoSa evI vastumAMya AnaMda mANo azakya thaI paDe che te ja pramANe citrAne saMpurNa sukhano yoga chatAM pelA bhAviyarUpI rAhunI asara taLe tene te bhogavI zakatI nathI. tenA pitAnA zabdomAM- A uchInuM saundarya, mane vIMTatuM A asatya, vadhAre khIlelA puSpamAMthI kharI paDatI pAMkhaDIo paDe e madhura saMyogane eka mAtra smRtisthaMbha laIne mArI pAsethI sarakI paDaze ane e strI pachI tenA nagna dAridrayathI lajAtI rAtadivasa raDatI besI raheze......" e bhAvi prasaMganI saMbhavitatAmAMthI tAtkAlika uddabhavatI asaranuM nIcenI paMkitamAM pragaTa darzana thAya cheH ( citrAH "svarga mArA hAthanI eTaluM najIka AvyuM ke eka paLa te huM bhUlI gaI ke te mane pahoMcyuM ja nahotuM. paNa svapnamAMthI jAgIne meM joyuM te mAruM zarIra mAruM pitAnuM ja pratispardhI banI gayuM hatuM.....' Ama deha ane saMdarya sadehanI bhUmikA para vibhakta thayAM. svAbhAvika hovI joIe te svatvanI bhAvanA lupta thaI ane parakIyatA pragaTI ane pariNAme deha ane AtmAne sakSama baMdhane bAMdhatI aMtaraMga ekatA khaMDita thaI. jyAre deha AtmA sAthe tadrupa banI bahijagatamAM tenuM vizuddha pratibiMba jhIle-jema nirmaLa sarovara svacha AkAzane tenA sAta jaLamAM pratibibita kare-tyAre ja ciraMjIva sukha ke zAMti saMbhavI zake. tenA abhAvamAM

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papara " suvAsa : phAlguna 1995 mAnavI samatAlatA gumAvI haMmezAM asaMtuSTa, avizrAnta banI rahe--e ja sthiti citrAnI che. tenuM duHkhada Alekhana kevuM hRdayabhedaka UThe che !~~ citrA: 'tene (potAnAM aMgane) haMmezAM rANugAravAnuM, priyatama samIpe meAkalavAnuM ane tenA vaDe tene AliMgatAM nIrakhavAnuM kAma mane kArUM thai paDayuM che. e deva! tArUM varadAna pAU lai le.' kevI bhayaMkara vibhinnatA ! deha-AtmA vacce AvI bhISaNa viyuktatA anubhavanAra mATe jIvana eka saMgrAmarUpa thai paDe temAM zuM Azcarya ! A mAnasika viyukti ane temAMthI udbhavatI vyagratA citrAmAM akAraNa nathI. kAie Apela vastu para jaMdagInI mahelAta racavA besIe teA khIje ja divase tenA pAyA hacamacI UThe. jene ApaNe ApaNI peAtAnI banAvavA IcchatA hoie-game te vastu he! tene ApaNe vananA nUrathI prApta karavI joie, ane tyAre ja te cirasthAyI sukha ApI zake. citrAne apratima dehalatA maLI paNa te tenI Atmavela sAthe saMyukta na thaI zakI-thaI zakavAnI paNa nathI. pArAvAra hRdayamaMthana pachI uchInA sAryanI asAratA tenA aMtaramAM jaDAI jAya che. ema thAya che ke vartamAna karatAM te pUrve je sthiti hatI te ja vadhu suMdara hatI. ane eka vIrAMganAne chAje tema te madanane tenuM varadAna pAchuM laI levA prAthe che. paNa e prArthanAnA svIkAramAM samAyelI nija zAsananI niSphaLatA maDhananA dhyAna bahAra rahI zakatI nathI, eTale vastusthitinI khIjI AjI darzAvatAM kuzaLatApUrNAMka te citrAnI hRdayavINuAnA eka sUkSmatArane jhaNajhaNAvI mUke che-- paNa hu tArI pAsethI te lai lauM te priyatama samIpa tuM kevI rIte UbhI zakIza ? sukhaneA pahelA ghUMTaDA hajI eNe pUrA pIdhA nathI eTalAmAM enA e parathI pyAlo kheMcI leve-e nirdaya nathI zuM ? devA rASapUrNa krodhathI tyAre, te tArA prati joze ? ' mana: paNa A yuktipUrNa zabdo e vIrAMganAne bheLavI zake tema nathI. asaya karatAM satyane te vahAluM lekhe che ane pariNAmanI lavaleza paravA karyA vagara peAtAnA bhAgyavidhAtA madanadevane spaSTa suNAvI de che-- ' AnA karatAM te te vadhAre suMdara haze. A bhadreSa karatAM vadhAre unnata evI mArI jAtane huM tenI samakSa pragaTa karIza. tene te pAchI Thelaze-mane tiraskArI mArA hRdayanA bhAMgIne bhUkkA karaze te teya huM zAMtithI sahI laza ' te tenAM nayanamAMthI bhAratakanyAnI maMgala samarpaNabhAvanAne prasarAvatuM, tenI vizada divya mahattAne sUcavatuM karuNa chatAM sAmya dIptibharyuM haThIluM teja varSe che. paNa madananA priya vayasya vasanta mitranA sAmrAjyane Ama ekAeka tUTI paDatuM kema joI zake ? puSpadhanvAnA zRMgArazAsanamAM prakRtimAM mAva pUrI tene hareka rIte saphaLa baMnAvavAmAM ja tenA jIvananI kRtakRtyatA mitranI sattA TakAvI tene sabaLa banAvavA ane sAthe ja citrAne Akasmika ApattimAMthI ugArI levA te eka svAbhAvika mArga sUcave che-- mArI zikhAmaNa sAMbhaLa. zara6nA Agamana sAthe kusumaRtu jyAre pUrNa thAya che tyAre phaLaRtune vijaya Ave che. enI meLe eka evA samaya Avaze jyAre hArI Atapa-kalAnta dehaprabhA karamAze, ane arjuna tArAmAM rahelA sanAtanakalita satyanA AnaMdapUrvaka svIkAra karaze. atyAre te tArA unmAdetsavamAM pAchI vaLa, vatsa ! '' ( apUrNa ) 66

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Dha, GiI nA. munazIe muMbaI vidyApIThanI Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnamALAmAM temaNe Apela chellA bhASaNamAM pAchalA paurANika sAhityamAM mahAbhArata ke tenI nAmAMkita vyaktiene ullekha na hovAnuM kAraNa darzAvIne mahAbhAratanA mahAna yuddhane ane tenAM lekottara pAtrone kAlpanika pUravAra karavA prayAsa karyo che. nA. munazInI navuM sarjavAnI bhAvanA je ke AvakArapAtra che; paNa keTalIka vakhata navuM sarjavA jatAM teo junAne e uccheda karI nAMkhe che ke je ucacheda temanA navasarjanathI maLatA lAbha karatAM anekagaNe geralAbhakartA heya. temaNe navalatrayI sa ane madhyayuganI ujavaLa ane tejasvI jene saMskRti sAme bhinnaraMgI kAca dharI dIdhe, temaNe cANakaya yuga lIdhe ane tejavarSo vAtAvaraNane madirAmasta cItarI batAvyuM. temaNe paurANika yugane sparza karyo ne hiMdanI bhavya prAcIna vyavasthAnA surekha darzanane chinnabhinna karI nAMkhyuM. amuka aspaSTa ulekhonA asaMbhavata artha karIne ane bIjI bAjune jhIlavAnA ke UMDANathI jovAnA zramane binajarUrI mAnIne temaNe vaziSThane gaNikAputra ne satyavatIne mAchIputro kahI dIdhAM. Aje purANanA pUratA avakana ane sUkSma maMthana vinA teo mahAbhAratane kAlpanika kahevAnI hAma bhIDe che. paurANika sAhityamAM ullekhanA abhAveja je mahAbhArata binaaitihAsika TharI jatuM heAya te mekasamUlare paNa jeno ullekha karyo che e "azvalayana' purANane ane temAM darzAvelI mahAbhAratanI vigatone nA. munazIe abhyAsa karI le ghaTe che. paNa e kAraNane puratuM gaNavAmAM na Ave to paNa jotiSa, anya ullekha ane anukaraNe ane sAMskRtika vikAsakramanI gaNatarIe paNa mahAbhAratanuM yuddha atihAsika ja kare che. tiSa-gaNatarIe to aneka pramANe ApIne "kesarI'nA vikhyAta saMpAdaka zrI. karaMdIkare tene etihAsika pUravAra karI dIdhuM che. ullekha--gaNatarIe mahAbhAratanAM nAmAMkita pAtronI yugajunI mUrtio maLI Ave che; prAcIna sthApatyamAM TheraThera te yuddhanI aitihAsikatAne gUMthI levAmAM AvI che; hajAra varSa junI sAhityakRtiomAM e yuddha ane enAM pAtronA ullekha maLI Ave che; e kAvyanI atihAsikatA para tenA anukaraNamAM yugo pUrve navIna sAhityakRtio racAI che. ane sAMskRtika vikAsakramanI gaNatarIe rAmAyaNayuga ane te pahelAMnAM paNa lAkho varSathI hiMdanI mahAna Arya prajA je zastravikAsa sAdhatI AvI te vikAsane mahAbhAratane nahi te bIjA evA kayA sarvasaMhAraka mahAyuddhanA pariNAme maryAdita karI nAMkho paDyo? AdiyugamAM pASANuzastro, te pachI dhanuSyavikAsa, pachI talavAra ane dhIme dhIme vyApaka saMhArane sahaja banAvatAM anekavidha tIkSaNa zastro hiMdamAM vaparAyAM che ane rAmAyaNa temaja bIjA yuddhonA ItihAsamAMthI tenA vigatavAra purAvAo paNa maLI Ave che. A zastravikAsa lagabhaga vi. saMvata pUrve 5000 varSa sudhI cAlu rahyo che. paNa e samayamAM hiMdamAM kaI evuM mahAyuddha khelAyuM ke jenuM sarvasaMhAraka pariNAma joI prajAne zastramaryAdA svIkAravAnI pharaja paDI. ne e maryAdA hiMdanI

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554 - suvAsa : phAlgana 15 mahAna prajAe evI sacoTatApUrvaka jALavI che ke lagabhaga aDhAramI sadI sudhI yuddhamAM teNe tIra, talavAra ke bhAlA sivAya jethI cIjano upaga nathI karyo. je zastramaryAdA svIkAravAnI ke tene amuka divaso sudhI paNa TakAvI rAkhavAnI Aje yuropanI zakti nathI e karatAM paNa anekagaNuM vizuddha zastramaryAdAne yugo sudhI sAcavI zakhanAra bhAratIya prajAe e maryAdA baMdhana mahAbhAratanA nahi te bIjA kayA saMhAraka yuddhamAthI svIkAryuM che? A mahine hiMdamAM raju thayelAM traNa bajeTa khAsa dhyAna AkarSe che. eka muMbaI sarakAranuM, bIjuM relavenuM, trIjuM hiMdI sarakAranuM. muMbaIsarakAra mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAra hoI tenuM bajeTa prajAnA sukha arthe hoya e svAbhAvika che. paNa e bajeTa eka aNadhArI bhAvi Aphatane mArga te khulle ja rAkhe che. muMbaIsarakAre dArUbaMdhInA kAraNe AvI paDanArI doDha karoDanI khoTa pUravAne navA karaverA nAMkhavA vicAryuM che. e karaverA game tevA yogya sthaLe naMkhAtA hoya te paNa te ukta Aphatane mArga te nathI ja aTakAvatA. mahAsabhAe prAnanuM zAsana sthAyI svarUpe te svIkAryuM nathI. Aje mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAra che, AvatIkAle bIjI paNa Ave. mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAra dArUbaMdhInA kAraNe AvatI kheTane pUravA je navA karaverAnA mArga khulA kare che e karaverAthI game teTaluM nukazAna chatAM prajA te sarakArane pitAnI mAnI Aje te calAvI le che. paNa mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAra kadAca rAjInAmAM Ape ane e pachI AvanArI bIjI sarakAre dArUnidhanI yojanAnA amalane zithila karIne paNa e karaverAne cAlu nahi rAkhe enI kaMI khAtrI ? ane evI sarakAre je dArU paranA pratibaMdhane ja uThAvI le te, Aje je zuddha ke azuddha svarUpamAM dezI dArUne udyoga aneka prakAre sacavAI rahyo che e udyogathI tene sAcavanAra varga judo >> paDI gayela hoI te samaye dArUnI UbhI thayelI navI jarUriyAtane pUrI karavAne IjAro kevaLa paradezIone hastaka te nahi cAlyo jAya ne ? mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAre jyAM sudhI sthira svarUpamAM nathI tyAMsudhI amuka lAbhadAyI yojanAonA amala mATe navA karaverA nAMkhavA e karatAM e amala lenadvArA karavA vadhu vyAjabI che. jo mahAsabhAvAdI sarakAra ne dArUniSedhanI yojanA baMne sthira banaze to e lene game te rIte bharapAI karI zakAze; ne sthira banelI yojanAnI khoTa navA karaverAthI pUrI zakAze. paNa Aje naMkhAyala navA karaverAthI prajA paricita thaI jatAM bhAvi sarakAra dArU niSedhane zithila banAvIne e navA karaverAne sahelAIthI cAlu rAkhI zakaze ane e rIte vadhelI Avakane upayoga game te mArga karI zakaze. reve-bajeTamAM poNupacANuM karoDanI Avake phakta be karoDanI purAMta darzAvavAmAM AvI che. vAhanavyavahArane anivArya rIte vadhArI devAmAM Avela heI, relave e binaharipha vyApArI saMsthA heI ane bhADAMnA vadhArA saMbaMdhamAM te svairavihArI hoI te bajeTamAM bacata darzAvI zake che ane lAbhamAM dhaMdho kare che e atiprazaMsAne viSaya nathI. paNa khedano viSaya che ke purAMta chatAM relvene vadhArI mUkavAmAM AvelAM bhADAM jarIke ochAM karavAnI IcchA nathI, je varga para tenI Avakane mukhya AdhAra che te varganA musApharonI sagavaDatA vadhAravAne tene avakAza nathI; ane ulaTuM aneka akasmAto karyA pachI te prajAne "relavemAM vizvAsa TakAvI rAkhavAnI zikhAmaNa apavA nikaLe che.

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noMdha . 555 hiMdI sarakAranA bajeTamAM rU. 8215 lAkhanI Avake 8266 lAkhanA kharce darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. temAM paradezI / para naMkhAyelI jakAta hiMdI mIlaudyogane phaTakA samAna che. hiMdI mIlene hiMdamAM taiyAra na thatuM evuM lAMbA tAranuM rU paradezathI maMgAvavuM ja paDaze ane tene mAM bhAtra ApavuM paDatAM temanA sAmenI paradezI kApaDanI hariphAI vadhAre tIvra banaze. e ja bajeTamAM khAMDasArI 'khAMDa paranA karaghaTADA te khAMDanA gRhaudyogane sapaDAvavAnI eka bAjI samAna thai paDaze. e dhaTADAe ukta khAMDanAM kArakhAnAMne je lAbha karI ApyA che e karatAM anekagaNA geralAbha eNe khAMDanA chUTaka udyogane karyo che. AjasudhI e khAMDane lagatI jakAta je kevaLa kArakhAnAMoneja lAgu paDatI te havethI kAleAne paNa lAgu paDaze. pariNAme khAMDa banAvavAne chUTaka udyAga je kArakhAnAMone bharavA paDatA ane peAtAne na bharavA paDatA karanA lAbha nIce TakI rahyo hatA ane sapheda khAMDa sAme paNa riphAimAM UbhA rahI zakatA te have taddana bhAgI paDaro ane hiMdanA e rahyosahyo svadezI udyoga vahu kevaLa meTAM kArakhAnAMonA hAthamAM cAlyA jaze. X X X hiMdanI rASTrIya mahAsabhAnA pramukha tarIke cUMTAyala zrI subhASacaMdra mAjhanI e cUTaNImAM thayelI jIta vyAjakhI hai| ke geravyAjabI-paNa emanI jIta sAme amuka sthaLe pragaTI nIkaLele rASa ApaNI rAjakIya kacAza sUcave che. jo ApaNane prajAzAsana priya che teA prajAe cUMTale pramukha paNa ApaNane zireAvaMdya hAvA joie. cUMTaNImAM ke pratinidhisaMsthAmAM saDA ke pakSapAtanA kAraNe jo ema banyuM hAya tA subhASabhAjIne evA pakSapAta jamAvavAne jeTalA avakAza che ke cUMTAvAnA kAraNe jeTalA lAbha che te karatAM te kAi svataMtra dezanA sattAdhArI pramukhane evA pakSapAta jamAvavAne anekagaNA avakAza hoya; cUMTAvAnA kAraNe anekagaNA lAbha heya. hiMdane keLavAyala mahAsabhAvAdI varga pAtAnA prajAkIya nAyaka cUMTI levAne asamartha hAya e karatAM tAM jayAM binakeLavAya vargane paNa adhikAra hAya che evA svataMtra dezanI cUMTaNI vadhAre bhUlabharI ane asthAne lekhAya. chatAM prajAtaMtravAdI dezamAM bahumatie pramukha cUMTAya che; ne nivRta thatA pramukha tene abhinaMdana Ape che. prajAtaMtra je ApaNune priya hAya tA praznamata pazu priya hAvA ghaTe. prajAvAdanI chAyA nIce vyaktitaMtravAda na peSI zakAya. kAM te| prabhutAvAdI hITalara banavuM. joSTae, te nahitara amerikAnA pramukha-ke je navA cUMTAyala pramukha ke che ene vicAra paNu karyA vinA tene abhinaMdana ApI, bIjo eka paNa zabda uccAryA sivAya, nivRtta banI jAya. X X X zrI. geApALadAsa jIvAbhAI paTele 'prasthAna' nA kArtika mAsanA aMkamAM neAnA parama pavitra Agamagrantha ' bhagavatIsUtra ' mAMtI amuka paiktionA anartha karI jagatanI virala ahiMsAmUrti bhagavAna mahAvIra para mAMsAhArane AreApa eDhADI dIdhelA. e ArApane tA jo ke, zrIyuta paTele karelA artha keTale asthAne ane asaMbhavita che e darzAvI mahAna jainAyAe ane nAmAMkita brAhmaNa paMDitAe hAsyAspada TheravI dIdhA che. paNa e Arepa aMgenI carcA hiMdanI Arya prazna para oDhADAyela e ja AreApane paNa asthAne TheravavAnAM dvAra khullAM kare che,

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papa6 - suvAsa : phAguna 195 pAzcAtya prajAnA Azraye karelA abhyAsanA pariNAme, mAMsAhAra mATe ApaNe mArga khulle karavAne, ApaNAmAM jema mahAvIra samI parama ahiMsAmUrtine mAMsAhArI TheravavAnI vRtti janmI ane e mATe asaMbhavita arthane paNa baMdhabesata karavAnI ApaNe jema bAlaceSThAo karI ema yavanaprajAnA saMsarge karelA abhyAsanA pariNAme temanI pAsethI avaLA artha zIkhI keTalAka madhyakAlIna paDitAe bhAratanI mahAna prAcIna vibhUtionA nAma para mAMsAhAra caDAvI daI yavanakAlIna hiMdanI prajAne mAMsAhAranA pathe caDAvI dIdhI hoya ema kAM na bane ? ne vastusthiti paNa moTebhAge evI ja che. yavananA saMsargamAM AvI temanA hAthe keLavAyA pahelAM hiMdanI Arya prajA mAMsAhArI hatI ema siddha karavAne eka paNa cakkasa pUrA nathI. ratideva ne vaziSThanA nAme caDAvI devAyela govadha to asthAne karI cUkyo che. eka anAya -pAradhInA hAthe thatI kaucapakSonI hiMsA joI rAmAyaNane jagavikhyAta AlekhakanuM haiyuM tIzu vedanA anubhave che; rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratanAM nAmAMkita pAtronI bhajanavarNana prasaMge mAMsane kayAMya spaSTathI nirdeza nathI jaNAto; rAjavaMzI kumArane dhanurvidyA zIkhavavAne pakSIo paNa moTe bhAge lAkaDAnAM ja vaparAtAM; parama ahiMsaka jaina sAdhuo, duSkALanA samayamAM divaso sudhI samrATa candraguptanI sAthe ja bhejana le che; cANakayanA nAme caDAvAyela arthazAstra sivAya hiMdanI nagarIonA varNanaprasaMge kayAMya katalakhAnAne cakkasa nirdeza nathIA sarva jatAM lAge che ke yavanonA samAgama pahelAM, ane parama sUtronA arthane pitAnA aMgata lAbhane khAtara avaLI dizAe dorI ane ene anukULa navAM sUtro gUMthI prajAne khADAmAM gabaDAvI nAMkhanAra vyaktionA janma pahelAM hiMdanI Arya prajAmAM kayAMya mAMsAhAra ke pazuhiMsAnuM nAma nahotuM. A mAnyatA sUkSma pUrAvAo sAthe siddha karI zakAya ema che. paNa te mATe TUMka noMdhamAM pUrate avakAza na hoI AvatA aMke te eka vistRta lekha rUpe pragaTa karavAnI AzA rAkhIe chIe. lekhoMdha : "vaTapadranA aitihAsika ullekha " nI lekhamALAnA bAkI be haptA have pachInA aMkamAM. . sudhAre: A aMkanA pa15mA pAnA para, pAMcamI lAInamAM, "sudivya guMjanene sthaLe "sudivya tuja guMjane e rIte sudhArIne vAMcavuM. gujarAta sAhitya sabhA " gujarAta sAhitya sabhA, amadAvAda taraphathI 1939nA varSanA gujarAtI sAhityanI samIkSA karavAnuM kArya zrI. che. viSNuprasAda 2. trivedI ane zrI. pro vrajarAya mukuMdarAya - desAIne meMpavAmAM Avela che. te AthI sau prakAzaka ane lekhakene vinaMtI karavAnI je teonAM prakAzano nIcenA saranAme mokalI ApI samAne A kAmamAM sahakAra Ape - zrI. pro. viSNuprasAda 2. trivedI, ema. TI. bI. keleja, AthavA lAinsa, surata. lI. IcchArAma dave mAnad maMtrI vatI.

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pranthaparicaya cAgI kANu ?--lekhaka: zrI dizvAnaMda; prakAzaka : navacetana sAhityamaMdira. 2456, bhadra, amadAvAda; kiMmataH 1-4-0. jaLinI ' ane ' prItamanI khAsa 'nA jANItA lekhakanI prathamanI e kRtioe varI lAvela kArtimAM umerA kare evI che. A trIjI kRti temanI eka abhyAsI ane vizada bhAvanAzIla vidvAna prA. devaprasAdanI suzIla chatAM AzAghelI patnI mAlinI, patinI gerahAjarImAM, snehI DA. ramAkAnta sAthe eka prasaMge phasAI jatAM, tenA yeAge, zarada nAme putrane janma Ape che. DaeNAkaTara teA mAlinIne sahavAsa sadaiva jhaMkhe che paNa e suzIla nArInA tIvra DapakAthI tenI sAna ThekANe Ave che ane te ApadhAtane mArge vaLe che; paNa ena jayavatInAM sUcaka veNuthI patananA prAyazrita tarIke te sevAne mArga svIkAre che. pre, devaprasAda mAlinInA e patanane gupta rIte jANI javA chatAM maina sevI parAyA putrane te peAtAnA tarIke uchere che. paNa jyAre prophesarane e putra DA ramAkAntanI putrI kuMjana sAthe raneha vAMche che tyAre, te kAraNe saMtApa anubhavatI patnIne sAttvana ApavA prophesara DaoN. ramAkAntane e baMne vaccenA snehane aTakAvavA vInave che. te prasaMgeja mAlinI ane DaoN. devaprasAdanI sAcI mahAnubhAvatA anumavuM che patnInI premaghelI AzAe na saMtASA mATe DA. prophesarane kaMika Apa! Ape che. paNa pachI tenI mahattAthI aMjAI, peAtAnI nAlezInA bhAge paNa te putrI AgaLa paTa khelavAtI bhAvanA darzAve che. te pariNAme putrInA mukhe zahe lagnanI nA kahevarAvI dai te mAlinI ane tenA putranI vizuddhi sAcavI rAkhe che. devaprasAda, ramAkAnta, jayavatI, kuMjana, mAlinI ane tene dA-e badhAM khInnanA saMtApa, snehU te vizuddhine khAtara evI zAMta nyathA sahI le che ke temAMthI yegI kAne na kahI zakAya e vicAraNIya thai paDe evuM che. pre. devaprasAdanuM pAtra, kaMika aMze, zrI ravIndranAthanA 'dhare. Ahire 'nA nikhilanI samAMtara, te mAlatInuM pAtra akSAMze ' vimalA 'nI soDamAM UbhuM rahI zake ema che. paNa A nATakanI bhAvanA ane mahattA 'dhare bAhire ' karatAM khUba nIce UtarI jAya che. peAtAMnAMnA patanane sahI levuM e jeTaluM virala che. eTaluM ja nukazAnakartA e rIte sahana karI levAnI vRttie keLavavI e che. jyAM asahya che tyAM prasaMge sahya banAvavuM e zAbhAspada che, paNa asahya sadgha tarIke svAbhAvika banI jAya e nItiSThAtaka che. amuka bhAvanAnuM pratipAdana karavAnuM hoi nATaka keTaleka sthaLe carcAtmaka banI jAya che chatAM ene vegavaMta pravAha vAMcakane kheMcI rAkhe evA che. pAtranirUpaNa keTaleka aMze surekha rahI zakayA chatAM zailI vAstavikatAnI bhUmikA cheDI kalpanAnA pradezamAM vadhAre deADI jAya che. bhASAne AMDabara, ane joDaNI ane vyAkaraNanI bhUle kaMIka vizeSa pramANamAM che. kalAtmaka nATaka tarIke mahadaMze saphaLa na gaNIe tApaNu A pustaka AvakArapAtra sAhityakRti to cheja. yugadarzIna--lekhaka ane prakAzaka : mUlajIbhAI pitAMbaradAsa zAha, * sAhitya bhUSaNa '; rAvapurA, vaDedarA, kiMmata H 1-0-0, raMgabhUmi mATe lakhAyala A nATakanuM sAhityakRti tarIkenuM avalokana asthAne lekhAya jema nA. munazInAM nAkA sAhityakRti tarIke gametevAM virala chatAM raMgabhUmi parathI

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, samAjanAM no (mager ne samAMtara na karAvavAmAM A vetAMbara pa58 suvAsa : phAguna 1995 lakhAyela emanuM avalokana e viralatAnuM yogya mUlyAMkana na karI zake ema ahIM paNa kaMIka evIja kuTInI saMbhavitatA rahI jAya. nATakanuM nAma kavi zrI nhAnAlAlanI paNa koIka kRtine zobhAve evuM che. nATakanuM vastu ane tenI gUMthaNI paNa sAmAnya ane madhyama varganAM mANasone gamI jAya evAM che. samAjanAM vidhavidha kSetronuM darzana karAvavAnuM hoI nATakano pravAha vividharaMgI banI gayo che paNa raMgabhUmi para, saMbhavita che ke, e vividhatAja vizeSa pramANamAM dIpI UThatI heya. asthAnavatI deSa kaMika aMze vizeSa pramANamAM chatAM, vidabharI zailImAM, samAjanAM judAM judAM thanuM darzana, vAMcavuM gamI jAya evI Dhabe karAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vAtAvaraNa keTaleka aMze mA. munazInA 'AjJAMkita'ne samAMtara rahe che. sArATorA (madhyAmavaravArow)-kartA: muni zrI nyAyavijayajI, prakAzaka : vetAMbara jaina murtipUjaka saMgha, jAmanagara, magAmataravA nAmanA pitAnA suvikhyAta saMskRta granthanuM munizrIe prAkRtamAM kareluM A bhASAMtara che. prAkRtanI sAthesAthe aMgrejI anuvAda paNa ApavAmAM Avyo che. pustakanI zarUAtamAM vidvAna munizrIe prAkRta bhASAmAM vistRta prastAvanA lakhI che ane te pachI aMgrejI AmukhamAM zrI. trivedIe munizrInA prazaMsAtmaka paricaya sAthe granthanuM paNa vihaMgAvalokana karAvyuM che. A granthamAM adhyAtmanuM prAthamika darzana; yoga, teno krama ane tenAM svarUpa; Indriyajaya; ane dhyAna-vagere sukSma viSayonI munizrIe suMdara chaNAvaTa karI che. aMgrejI anuvAda surekha ane suvAcya banI zako che. pUjA saMgraha-prakAzakaH bhanI bahena, zAntikuMja, amadAvAda, sva. dhIrajalAla pAnAcaMda zrophanA saMsmaraNArthe emanAM dharmapatnI bahena bhanI taraphathI judA judA mahAna jainAcAryoe racelI ne jainene dhArmika utsavomAM atIva upagI evI pUjAone A saMgraha suyogya rIte prakAzita karavAmAM AvyuM che. vyavasthita kramamAM goThavAyelI jarUrI evI dareka pUjAo ane temAM jaLavAyela zuddhi baMne AvakAradAyaka che. lalita kAvya saMgraha-kartAH sva. kavi lalitAzaMkara lAlazaMkara vyAsa; saMgrahakartAoH zrI prasannarAva lalitAzaMkara vyAsa ane vAsudeve vAmanazaMkara dIkSita, prakAzaka: prasarAva lalitAzaMkara vyAsa, nAgaphaLIA, surata. kiMmata : 1-4-0. kavi lalitAzakara vyAsane paNa pitAno yuga hate. pacAseka varSa para gujarAtamAM bhajavAtAM nATakanA lekhaka tarIke ke aneka pada ane kavitAonA racanAra tarIke te kadAca teo bhUlI paNa javAyA hatA. paNa gujarAtI vAMcanamALAnI pAMcamI copaDImAM pareza viveza, akalita tArI kRti gati "nI kavitA vAMcatA ane gokhatA pratyeka vidyArthIne mana teo hajI jIvanta che. A saMgrahamAM temanI suMdara kavitAo, sArAM bhajano ane bedhabharyA pado prakAzita karavAmAM AvyAM che. navIna pravAhamAM khUbaja vikasI gayelI AjanI kavitAsRSTimAM A saMgraha kadAca camatkArika umere nahi kare paNa gujarAtI kavitAnA vikAsamArgane eka prAthamika pagathiyA tarIke ane pacAseka varSa pUrvenA zikSita varganI suMdara dhArmika bhAvanAne svarUpadarzana tarIke A saMgraha prazaMsanIya che. navIna bALapethI (bhAga pahele)-lekhake ane prakAzakeH jIvaNalAla la. paTela ane jagajIvana na ojhA, gu. e. va. hAIskUla, 2, vaMthala roDa, raMguna, kiMmataH-1-,

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- - - - - - - - - - S (3)sarjAto ItihAsa zikSaNa-saMskRti-sAhitya : mA. munazInA kahevA pramANe mahAbhAratano itihAsa kAlpanika che; evuM koI yuddha hiMdamAM thayuM ja nathI. muMbaI yunivarsiTInA vAIsa ceselara zrI. caMdAvarakara nivRtta thatAM temanA pade zrIyuta masANI cUMTAyA che. amadAvAdamAM mahaMta rAmabalajInA pAMca lAkhanA dAnathI baMdhAnAra saMskRta-vizvavidyAlaya. kalakattA-yunIvarsiTInI A sAlanI meTrIkanI parIkSAmAM 44600 vidyArthIo bese che. muMbaImAM savA lAkhanA kharce lAlabAgamAM baMdhAyela bhagra jaina maMdira, gujarAta sAhityasabhAe A sAlane suvarNacandraka zrI. kanu desAIne Ape che. kalApi-jayati prasaMge zrI. dhUmaketu, zrI. navalarAma trivedI vagere sahityakAree e azrukavinA gAyelAM guNagAna. lAThI rAjya kavi zrI. nhAnAlAlane kaMika samaya pahelAM rU. 1500nuM varSAsana bAMdhI ApeluM, A samaye kavi zrI. khabaradArane rUA. 100nuM varSAsana bAMdhI ApavAmAM AvyuM che. vikrama ane bheja karatAM ApaNe te ApaNA yugane vadhAre pragatimAna mAnIe chIe ne ! kavivara ravIndranAthane jagavikhyAta banAvavAmAM mahatvano phaLa ApanAra ane gItAMjalinA Amukhalekhaka AyarlenDanA mahAna kavi TisanuM avasAna. vaDodarA rAjyanI pustakAlaya pravRttine vegIlI banAvanAra zrI. motIbhAi amInanuM avasAna. udyoga-samRddhi : briTane senAnuM dhoraNa choDayA pachI, eka muMbaI baMdarethI ja, sarakArI AMkaDA pramANe 3 abaja 18 karoDa 56 lAkhanuM senuM paradeza sidhAvyuM che; have phakta strIone jarUrI alaMkAra ane maMdira e be sthaLe kaMIka senuM rahI gayuM che. tAtA sansa kAThiyAvADamAMthI kiMmatI rasAyaNe meLavavAne pAMca karoDanI mUDIthI eka navuM jaMgI kArakhAnuM ubhuM karavAnI janAo ghaDe che. gRhaudyoganI divAsaLIne rakSaNa ApavAne vaDIdhArAsabhAe sarakArane eka karoDanI bhalAmaNa karI che. navA bajeTamAM muMbaIsarakArane dArUniSedhanA kAraNe AvatI doDha karoDanI khoTa vIjaLI, zaherI milkata, chApAonI hariphAI bAlazikSaNane vikasita ane rasika banAvavAne jagatabharamAM ane gujarAtamAM paNa Aje judA judA prayoga thaI rahyA che. te mATe avanavAM AkarSaka pAThya pustake racAya che. A bALapathI evAM pustakomAM prazaMsanIya umero kare che. citro AkarSaka ane akSaragoThavaNI vividharaMgamAM hAI bALakone A pothI sahelAIthI gamI jaze. pUThuM ane tenA paranuM citra je vadhAre AkarSaka raMgamAM hota to bALake tene vadhAre sahelAIthI jhaDapI laI zakata. bAlapAThe (bAla vAcanamALA pustaka 3jI -lekhaka ane prakAzaka : somAbhAI kIzorabhAI paTela, suNAvakimata : 0-2-0. uparanA jeTale ja AvakArapAtra A paNa eka umero che. aMdaranA bhAga sacitra nahi chatAM zabadagoThavaNI AkarSaka ane suvAcyuM che. bAhya rUparaMga paNa bALakane AkarSe levA mATe pUratAM gaNI zakAya evAM che. svIkAra - pustaka : madAlasA, upadezasAra. nivedana : jAmanasaranuM sUryagraha, trimAsika phArbasa mAsika, kusuma, mAdhurIH jAnyu-mArca, jaina siddhA bhAskara, dezI rAjyaH okaTa-DIse. mAsika khetIvADI vijJAna, jana satyaprakAza, vyAyAma, rama, bAlavADI, strIbetha, navaracanA, gItAH phebruArI; prasthAna H mAgazara prAmasevA, bAlamitra, AtmAnaMda prakAza, bAlajIvana, vaidyaka5ta, zikSaNa patrikA vA, anAvila jagata, gujarAta zALApatra kacchI dazA osavAlaH mAca. pAkSika esavAla navayuvaka, duduMbhika aThavADike: prajAbaMdhu, navasaurASTra, rAkarathAna, gujarAtI, strI sakita jena ti.

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560 suvAsa : phAguna 1995 ane salarAja ane rezamI kApaDa upara kara nAMkhIne pUrI karavAmAM Avaze. navA bajeTamAM relavenI paNuM paMcANuM karoDanI AvakanI gaNatarI, paNa kharca vadhavAthI purAMta be ja karoDanI, hiMdI sarakAranA navA varSanA bajeTamAM 82 karoDa 15 lAkhanI Avake 82 karoDa 66 lAkhanA kharcane aDasaTTo. -jIvana : muMbaI prAntIya mahilA-pariSada ne pradarzananI zrImatI munazInA hAthe thayelI udaghATanakriyA. leDI sTIvansananA punarlagna prasaMge temanA putreja ApeluM mAtAnuM kanyAdAna, lArDa' sephaTasabarInA kahevA pramANe iglAMDane UcharatI prajAnA hita mATe kuvAmAMthI hAthe ja pANI kheMcatI majabuta strIonI jarUra che. gayA varSanI sarvazreSTha daza rUpasuMdarIomAM Dacesa epha viMDasarane bIjo ane begama AgAkhAnano pAMcame naMbara AvyuM che. e daze rUparANIone kApaDakharca e varSamAM lagabhaga trIsa lAkha rUpiyA thayelo. dezI rAjI : jayapuranI prajAkIya laData sAme jarUra paDe te mazInagana paNa vAparavAne tyAMnA gorA pradhAnane nizcaya; zrI. jamanAlAla bajAjanI dharapakaDa, rAjakoTanI ugra banelI laData. pU. kasturabA, maNIbahena paTela, mRdulA zeTha vagerenI dharapakaDa. satyAgrahIo para atyAcAra; 5. mahAtmA tapAsa arthe; zAMta samAdhAna mATe temanA upavAsa; ne chevaTe vAisaroyanI daramiyAnagIrIthI thayeluM samAdhAna. lIMbaDImAM guMDAgIrI, prA-pariSadane vikherI nAkhavAnA prayatna. junAgaDha, haidrAbAda, kutiyANu, rAdhanapura vagere rAjyamAM prajA para cAlatuM damana. paMDita javAharalAlanA pramukhapade ludhiyAnAmAM maLelI rAjasthAna prajApariSadanI beThaka. gAyakavADa nareza zrImaMta sayAjIrAvanuM avasAna. temanA pautra zrImaMta pratApasiMharAvane vaDodarAnA gAdIpati tarIke karAyeluM rAjatilaka, zrImaMta pratApasiMharAve sva. nareze pAMca varSa mATe mahesUlamAM karelA savA ekavIsa lAkhanA ghaTADAne kAyamIrUpa ApyuM ane sva. narezanA smAraka mATe rU. eka karoDa ApyA. trAvaNakoranA khristIo pratye kaDakAI dAkhavavAmAM Ave che te sAme ma. gAMdhIjIne virodha. rASTaH tripurI mahAsabhAnA pramukha tarIke zrI subhASa bejhanI varaNI. pramukha tarIke zrI subhASa bAjha cUMTAvAnA kAraNe kArobArInA tera sanyAe ApelAM rAjInAmAM. muMbaInI myunisipala cUMTaNumAM koMgrese meLavelA jhaLakate vijaya. vaDI dhArAsabhAmAM pasAra thayeluM muslIma talAka-bIla. dhaMdhukAmAM maLelI rAjaputa pariSade saradAra zrI. vallabhabhAI paTela ane koMgresanI rAjaputavirodhI nIti sAme darzAvela vidhi. barmAmAM ramakhANa. sarahadanA pradhAno ane temanA amaladAro vacce vadhato jato matabheda. derA IsmAIlakhAnamAM bhayaMkara komI ramakhANanA kAraNe tArAja thaelI 110 dukAne. lakhanau ane kAnapuramAM komI hullaDe. berisTara sAvarakaranA mate hiMdanI prajAkIya paradezanIti kevaLa rakSaNAtmaka hovI ghaTe. muMbaInA eka vakhatanA gavarnara, thoDAka samaya paranA hiMdanA kAmacalAu vAisaroya ane baMgALanA gavarnara lorDa brebornanuM, AMtaraDAnA sojA paranuM oparezana niSphaLa jatAM, thayeluM avasAna, zrI subhASacandra bejhanI mAMdagI. paradeza : jApAne hainAna TApune lIdhela kabaje kAnsa amerikAne 1938mAM 100 ane 1939mAM 500 lazkarI vimAne bAMdhavAnI Apela varadI. ha2 hITalare jAhera karelI ITali ane jamanInI atUTa lazkarI ekatA. phrenca vaDApradhAne IMglAMDa ane phrAnsa vacce evAja ekatA darzAvI ane mI. cembaraleIne e mAnyatAne Teke paNa Apyo. phesIsTa grAnDa kAunsilanI jaMgI sabhIma hITalaranA bhASaNa mATe saMteSa darzAvavAmAM Avyo ane jarmanInI saMsthAna viSayaka mAgaNIne vyAjabI TheravavAmAM AvI, temaja ITalinA sAmAjika kAyadAnI punardhaTanA saMbaMdhI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI. ITali ane jarmanImAM lekasattAvAdI dezene uzkeratI che. rUjhavelTanI paradezanIti sAme humalA. rUjhavelarTa jAhera karelI jagatanA pratyeka rASTranI svataMtratAne vAMchatI potAnI paradezanIti. iTali, jarmanI, jApAna, phrAnsa, IMglAMDa ne amerikAe zastrasajajatAmAM AdarelI vinAzaka hariphAI. jApAne AvatA varSa mATe maMjura kareluM ekatrIza karoDa pAunDanuM khAsa lazkarI bajeTa-jemAMthI sADA sattAvIsa karoDa pAunDa cInanA yuddha pAchaLa kharcavAnI gaNatarI. jApAne baMdha karelo pala nadIne mArga. pelesTAIna pariSadanuM kharAbe caDheluM nAva. jerUsalemamAM kapharyuM-erDara. cInanA paradezamaMtrInuM khUna. spenanA AMtarika yuddhamAM kAkeAe bAsIlanA para meLavela vijaya, samAjavAdI sarakAranI nAsabhAga; amerikA sivAya jagatanA lagabhaga dareka deze karela kAnhonI sarakArane svIkAra. junA popanuM avasAna. navA pApa tarIke eka rAjadvArI rAmana kADInala cUMTAtAM iTalimAM phelAyelI harSanI lAgaNI.

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Specimen-extracts from Ancient India Vol. II. (For other particulars, see advertisement elsewhere in this number] We do not know what his name must have been according to astrological position of constellations at the time of his birth. Jaina books state that his name was Samprati". Sometimes it is written as Sampatti-possibly given to him due to his possessing a vast amount of riches. Asoka had given him the name Priyadarsin 10, which he got inscribed in the rock and pillar edicts due to his respect for his grandfather. The Puranas state that the name of the successor of Asoka was Indrapalit, which may have been another name of Priyadarsin 11. Certain it is that the king who succeeded Asoka on the throne was his grandson Samprati by name1'. Greek books have called him Amitrochades 13; Jaina books have given him a similar name, Amitraghat 14. Some scholars say that one of his names was Dasarath, (9) In Magadhi language, the name is Samprati. (J. S. L. Sangraha, pp. 41). (10) G. V. S. Asoka, pp. 6:-"Priyadarsin" means, "One who looks (at others) with love" or "one who is dear to the sight". Cf. pp. 249. Some scholars think that "Priyadarsin" is a mere epithet. Really speaking it is a proper noun. Smith, Asoka, pp. 22, f. n. no. 2:--"I do not deny that the chronicles of Ceylon used Piyadasi and Piyadassan as quasi-proper names; but I affirm that, in the inscriptions the titles are not used. (11) This name is discussed later on. (12) Rasamala, vol. I. pp. 7, (London, 1856 edi.); "Samprati is a fabulous prince". The reader will see that this observation is quite false. (13) I. C. C. (Hultzch), Asoka, pp. 35, and line 25 of 31; Bhilsa Topes, pp. 92; for further details read the next chapter. (14) Scholars have ascribed this name to Bindusar on the theory that Sandrecottus was Chandragupta. This name belongs to Priyadarsin, while Bindusar's another name was Amitraketu. Pp. 204 f. 9. 2o. 41 and 43.

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482 - 9912: lolly 1664 Though this contention is questionable, yet we have to admit that there was a governor of Magadh, by name Dasarath15 and that he was the grandson of Asoka26. Samprati's seat of capital was however, Ujjaini, and hence he was not the same individual as Dasarath. The Nagarjuna cave inscription states the number of the year of the reign of Dasarath, in which he gave certain things in charity. The word "reign" may be taken to mean that Dasarath gave things in charity in the particular year of the reign of Priyadarsin under whose power he was the governor of Magadh, and that the things were given in charity by Priya darsin's order. On the other hand, we definitely know that one branch of the Maurya dynasty ruled over Bengal and Behar-the original Magadha province--in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A. D. This leads us to the conclusion that a separate and independent branch of the Maurya dynasty must have been established over Magadh during the rule of Priyadarsin and that this Dasarath must have been the first king of this branch. It was probably established in the same year in which Priyadarsin became full-fledged emperor and hence the number of the year of the giving of charities by Dasarath coincides with the number of the year of Priyadarsin's reign?? This Dasarath was certainly the grandson of Asoka ; but what was his father's name? When Asoka was the governor of Ujjain, he had two sons, Kural and Mahendra. We know, however, that when, after Bindusar's death, Asoka went to Patliputra with his family, Kunal's mother-Kanchanmala-could not accompany him because she was far advanced in pregnancy18 and that soon after giving birth to a child, she had died. If that child were male-child, Kunal must have had a younger brother19. (15) See the chronological list on pp. 236 above. (16) J. O. B. R. A. S. XX, pp. 367:-"The Visnupuran gives Dasarath as the name of Asoka's grandson and immediate successor". For explanation and details about this, see the appendix at the end of the volume. (17) This matter is already discussed once; for details read the appendix at the end of the book. (18) Pp. 231, f. 8. no. 28 above. (19) Pp. 239 and pp. 231, f. n. no, 28.

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Specimen-extracts from ancient India Vol. II - 453 Prince Mahendra had renounced the world and had entered the Buddhist ordera o, while he was unmarried. So there is no question of his having had any children. After Kunal's blindness, the next heir to the throne must have been either Kunal's son, or in his absence another grandson, if there were any. We know that as long as Priyadarsin was not born, Asoka had appointed his "grandson " Dasarath as his successor; and hence it is not unreasonable to come to the conclusion that this Dasarath was the son of the younger brother of Kunal-the brother whose name we have yet to find out al. Dasarath must have been elder than Priyadarsin, who has born in A. M. 223=394 B. C.22, when Kunal was 32 to 33 years old23. This means that Kunal had a son many years after his marriage24. His younger brother, who was his junior by a couple of years only, must have had a son much earlier than that and this son must have been Dasarath, who was thus elder than Sampratios. Asoka must have de:lared (20) Pp. 237 above. (21) See the chronological list on pp. 236. (22) The Christian New Year begins nearly two months and some days after the Hindu New Year (Vikram Era). Hence, when we want to give the date of any event that has taken place during these intervening days or iminediately after that, we are required to state two years of the Christian Era, viz. 304-303. He was born during the ascendancy of the Pusya constellation, i. e, in the bright balf of Posa. There were no two Posas during that year, otherwise one of them must have been stated as Adhik. Such "Adhik"(additional)- months could be included during two months only-Posa & Asadh. (K. S. S. Com. pp. 131 and my article in the Chaitra Number of "Jaina Prakas.") Taking all these things into consideration, his birth must have taken place on the 10th to 15th day of Posa. The full-moon day is given importance ip the rock-edicts. It can be either due to that day being considered as important from the religious point of view or due to its being the birthday of Priyadarsin. Of these the latter cause is more probable. (23) Because he was born in B. C. 337=A. M. 190. (Pp. 231 above). (24) This was what grieved the beart of Asoka. After Kunal's losing his eyes on account of his carelessness, Asoka had intended to atone for it by appointing Kunals son as the heir to the throne. Kunal did not have any issue for a pretty long time. Asoka was growing older; and hence, being anxious to appoint some one as his successor, he designated Dasarath as the next emperor. We know that this arrangement was provisional. (25) Dasarath's father was born in 330 B. C. If we accept the hypotliesis that he married at the age of 14, then the marriage must have taken place in

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468 48 : slole IESU Dasarath as his successor in absence of having any direct des. cendant; but when Priyadarsin was born, he must have changed the arrangement and must have appointed Dasarath as the independent king of the province of Magadh; and Priyadarsin must have continued him in the same position, due to his respect for his grandfather 26. The separate branch, thus established, may have continued to rule Magadh upto 4th or 6th century A. D. . It might also be suggested that Priyadarain must have added one more name to his already long list, by assuming the name Dasarath, after his accession to the throne, and thus Samprati, Priyadarsin and Dasarath may have been names of the same individual"?. But the fact that, when Dasarath died, Priyadarsin appointed his brother Salisuk as the governor of Magadha, frustrates this theory. Salisuk was the governor of Saurastra at the time of this appointment. Thus we come to the conclusion that Priyadarsin was the eldest son of Kunal, that Dasarath was the son of the younger brother of Kunal and that Asoka had appointed Dasarath as the next heir to the throne as long as Priyadarsin was not born. Samprati was born in B. C. 304=A. M. 223. No sooner was Asoka made aware of the happy fact that Kunal had a son than 316 B. C. The probable date of Dasarath's birth, therefore, must be 314 B.C. Samprati was born nearly 11 years later in 303 B. C. (26) Pp. 239 above; M. S. I., pp. 654:-"Evidence to the effect that Samprati ruled over Magadh is not wanting. According to Mr. Smith-Asoka, Smith, pp. 70--"The Mauryan empire was divided into two parts after the death of Asoka. The capital of the eastern portion was Patliputra, and it was ruled by Dasarath. Ujjaipi was the capital of the western portion and Samprati fulod over it. The Puranas have included Samprati in their chronological list of the emperors of Magadh." (27) C. H. I. pp. 166:-The account of Dasarath, the governor of Magadh, contains the words, "Samprati, another grandson of Asoka, who reigned probably at Ujjain." The writer has stated these words on the authority of a Jaina book. The book, however, does not have the word "another" in it, which the writer seems to have added on his own account. But one thing becomes clear from this and that is, Samprati, like Dasarath, was a grandson of Asoka. (We have yet to decide whether Dasarath and Samprati are names of different individuals or of the same; and who succeeded Asoka on the throne. Read the appendix at the end of the book for this). (28) Pp. 239 above.

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Specimen-exracts from ancient Indla Vol. 11.. 484 he sent for him from Avanti"9 to Patliputra and declared him as his successor to the throne. At this time Samprati was a babe of ten months3". He was born in Posa, and The duration of his ** was proclaimed emperor probably on Vijaya. role and of his life dasmi. (P. 256 f. n. 5). His coronation ceremony took place, as we have already stated, (P. 256), in A. M. 237=B. C. 290. This is independently supported by the fact that king Tissa of Ceylon died during the 26th year of the reign of Priyadarsin31 (P. 238 f. n. 71 ). Buddhist books contain no information about him, or the tenure of his reign, because he was not a Buddhist 3? but a Jain. The information supplied by the Jaina books is also misleading to a certain extent.33. Pundit Taranath, a Tibetian writer, states in his account of Khotan, that Sambati (Samprati) reigned for 54 years34. Thus his reign lasted from 290 B. C. to 237 B. C. The chronological list of the kings who ruled over Ujjain, as given by the author of the Parisieta-parva, "5 supports these dates 38. In (29) For want of proper information, I have stated Avauti as the place of his birth. It is probable, however, that kanchapmala might have gone to her father's place, which was near the Babhra-vairata edict, during her pregnancy and the child may have been born there, and then, later on, brought to Avanti. (30) Baroda Library, Samprati Kasha---Manuscript-pp. 88:--The age of the child is stated to have been ten days in place of months. It seems improbable that a ten-day-old child could be safely brought from Avanti to Pataliputra. (31) Tissa died in (290-26), 264-3 B. C. (F. n. no. 71 for the chronological list of the kings of Ceylon). This king, queerly enough, came to the throne when Samprati was born, and died when Samprati got the rock-edicts erected, (32) For details see the account of his rock-edicts. (33) Vol. 1. pp. 195 and f. n. about it. (31) Smith, Asoka, pp. 82:-"The accession of Asoka apparently 48 or 49 years earlier in B. C. 301 or 3C2, assigning 54 years to his reign." Mr. Smith bas borrowed this from Pandit Tarapath's account of prince Kusthan of Tibet. Oply he has interpolated the word "apparently,' because he does not seem to have full faith in the Pandit's account of Asoka. Mr. Smith has erred into the belief that the person (Dharmasoka) whose account is given by the Pandit, was Asaka. But Asoka's reign lasted for 41 years, while that of Priyadarsin lasted for 54 years. (35) F. A. Do. 33 above.

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use. 99124 : lole, geeu short, he was born in 223-4 A. M., was anointed king in 237 A. M.290=B. C., and he died in A. M. 290 B. C. 237 at the age of 67. His picture gives us the idea that his complexion was fair and awe-inspiring on account of broad forehead and chest. He was kind-hearted, brave and peace-loving. His height must have been between nine feet and ten.37 The Stupas built by himSanchi, Bharhut and others--testify to the truth of this statement. The entrances to these Stupas are not less than 9 ft. and 7.5 in, in height38. It is a well-known custom among the Jains that their temple-doors are always of less height than the persons who enter it, so that every one who enters it, first bends his head, conciously or unconciously, as a mark of respect. Priyadarsin's height, therefore, must have been somewhat more than 9 ft. and 7.5 inches; and his height gives us an idea of the average height of men during those times, His rock-edicts tell us that he had a large family and that he had given shelter to all his relatives--far and near. Taina books state that the number of his queens was pretty large39. Even after granting that scholars have committed the same kind of blunder as that of identifying Sandrecottus with (36) In rock-edict no. 13, names of five contemporary Yavan kings have been given. They also support our theory. Pp. 232 above. The pames are:. (1) Antiyok-King of Syria, Antiocus II (B. C. 262 to 246). According to my conclusions, this king must have been Antiocus I. My opinion is supported by M. S. I. pp. 19. It is stated that Antiocus I was called "Sorter", while Antiocus II was called "Theos." His rule lasted from B. C. 280 to 262. (2) Turumaya, king of Egypt, Ptolemy II, Philadalplius: B. C. 285 to 247. (3) Muc--Megus of Syrin, B. C. 300 to 250. (4) Antikini-Antigonus Gaunts of Macedonia; B. C. 276 to 239. (5) Alexander-Alexander of Karinth, B. C. 252-244. He was not king of Karinth but of Epirus. His reign lasted from 272 B. C. to 255; because Priyadarsin's coronation ceremony was performed in 289 B. C. and he finished his conquest tour in 282 B. C. Then there was a regular exchange of ambassadors between the two. (37) No doubt, the reader will not readily believe this. Mahavir, however, who lived 200 years before him, was 10 ft. 6 ins. tall (Vol. I. pp. 29 f. n. no. 60). (38) Bhilsa Topes; Bharhut stupa. (39) Pp. 205 above, f. 9. 20. 48.

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Specimen-extracts from ancient Indla Vol. II .. 4800 Chandragupta 40, it is quite possible that he had at least two queens. (1) The name of the queen consort is His family not known; probably the heir-apparent was not born of her*). (2) The second queen, Charuvaki* is mentioned by Priyadarsin himself in the Pillar at Allahbad. (3) Again, he seems to have married the sister of Satkarani II of the Andhra dynasty of southern India. (Probably Charuvaki was this sister. F. N. 42). Jaina books proclaim that during his conquest tour, he married numerous princesses of defeated kings** (the number is 16000 ). Looking to his prosess, the extent of his territory and the length of his reign, it is not unreasonable to conclude that his harem must have been crowded with a (40) Pp. 205 above, f. 1. no. 48. (41) Smith, Asoka, pp. 198, f. D. Do. 3:---It is stated there about Karuvaki (Charuvaki), that the names are spelled Tibal and Kuluvaki in the dilect of Magadb. The second queen was evidently in high favour as the mother of a son, who might succeed to the throne; but he seems to have predeceased his father. This statement is based on the authority of the rock-edicts. Prince Tibal though he was born of Kuluvaks, who was not the queen-consort, must have been the heir-apparent; but we know that the name of the heir-apparent was Vrsasen, who was the governor of Afghanistan during the rule of Priyadarsin. Had his name been Tival, it would have been mentioned in the rockedicts, just as the names Dasarath, Salisuk and others are mentioned. This divergence can be explained as follows:-(1) Either Vrsasen was next in age. to Tibal and might have been appointed successor after the latter's death, (2) or, Vrsasen might have been junior in age, but must have been declared heir apparent because he was born of the queen-consort. The first theory is the more reasonable of the two, because generally the eldest son is appointed as the heir-apparent, irrespective of the queen of whom he is born. Thus Mr. Smith's conclusions are in keeping with my own. (42) Smith, Asoka, pp. 198, f. n. no. 3:-"Kuluvakt is a family or gotra name, meaning of the Karuvaki race". If this is so, she was probably the daughter of the king of Andhra (read above, no. 3.) Cf. f. n. no. 41 above, and 43 below. ; (43) Sudarsan lake inscription, Epi. Ind. vol. 8, pp. 41 and further in this vol, on the Andhra dynasty. Charuvaki might have been the sister of Sata. karsi. Read further, this chapter.

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$6.98 : 1519.2664 pretty large number of queens44. (4) Kalhan has stated in his Rajatarangiai that Dharmasoka had conquered Kasmir and that after him his son Jalauk occupied the throne of Kasmir. Jainism was prevalent in Kasmir even before its conquest by Dharmasoka, who was himself a Jain. Mr. T. W. Thomes has supported this. The name of the queen of this conqueror of Kasmir, was (sandevis I have already proved that this Dharmasoka is none else but Priyadarsin "6 ( Appendix at the end of this volume) and he had appointed his son Jalauk as the governor of Kasmir. This leada us to the conclusion that Isandevi inust have been one of the queens of Priyadarsin7 and the mother of Jalauk. The name of the son of Churuvaki was Tivar. These two names-Jalauk and Tivar-do not seem to have been based on astrological rules, but they must have been names given to them by writers in keeping with their habit of giving suggestive names. The different names connote different individuals with different mothers. (5) It is certain that none of these two was the heir-apparent, which means that still another queen must have been the mother of the heir-apparent. If either lsandevi or Charuvaki had been the mother of the heirapparent, either of them would have been raised to the position of queen consort. Again, the name of either of them, must have been connected with the name of the heir-apparent, just as their names are connected with the names of their own sons. Thus, considering all things, at least five queens must have been the inmates of his harem. Hence it is no exaggeration to say that he had many queens48. (44) Pp. 205 1. n. no. 48, and appendix A, at the end of the book, specially pertaining to No. 5. (45) Bharatiya Prachin Rajvam sa, vol. II, pp. 133-34: In Rajatarangini the name given is Isvaradevi. (46) Dharmasoka is considered by them as an exploded myth, because they thought that he lived during the6th century, A. D. But their calculation is wrong. (47) In Taranga I, verse 122, of Rajatarangini she is introduced as the wife of Jalauk; but this statement is only one of the many inaccuracies that are found in the first and the second part of the book. (48) P. 205 above, f. n. no. 48.

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- - - - - hindustAnanI sauthI moTI vImA kaMpanI - dhI - nyU inDiyA nA jiMdagInA khAtAnI advitIya pragati: - varSa navuM kAmakAja ro. 3867,500 71,8950 1,527,700 1,41,02,450 1,67,00,250 19ra9-30 190-31 1932-33 1934-35 1936-37 primiyamanI Avaka rU. 1,57,579 4,07, 70 10,81,ra31 252,865 31,18,876 kharcanuM pramANa 8469 675 49 25 3972 3309 vImA agara ejansI mATe lakhe yA maLe - ena. ema. phojadArI kAM. tAra-'BENEFIT.' cIpha ejanTasaH gujarAta TelIphana phisa-rarara5 ghara-7023 kuvArA sAme, gAMdhIgreDa - amaddAvAda

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AMkhanA dAktara bahu tyAre cazmAnA naMbara kADhI Apaze paNa pachI tame zuM karazeA ? (1) pebala, phalInTa, krAuna krIsTala krukasa, blu, smAka, enTekaTIna, kalArAphIla, yujhala, ebara, puMkaTAla, urA, ummAla, krukajhAITa, vITrekasa, kayA phAyadAkAraka ? (2) evala, rAunDa, 36, 40, 42 penTAsa (lAMga, nIyara) kulaLyu, ekaTegAnala, hejhAgAnalamAM kayA pasaMda karavA yeAgya ? (3) laTa, perIskApIka, TArIka, sIlInDara, spherIkala, pherAsIlInDara, bApheAkalsa, splITa, muna, karvaDa (apara ke leAara) sImenTeDa, krIpTAka, DuDDA, eTecameMTa ImAM kayA sagavaDavALA ? A badhuM jANavuM hAya ane cazmA kharIdatAM chetarAvavAnI bIkamAMthI kheMcI javuM hAya ta AMkha ane cazmA nuM pustaka je ame trIsa varSanA anubhava uparathI bahAra pADayuM che te turata maMgAvI yA. muMbaI sarakAranA keLavaNI khAtAe lAibrerI, prAthamika keLavaNI, InAma vigere mATe paNa maMjUra karyuM che. pAkuM pUThuM, 4 citro, 140 pRSTho chatAM kiMmata mAtra 0-10-0, zazikAnta enDa kuAM : rAvapurA : vaDAdarA zrI samartha - buka bAinDIMga zaoNpa dAMDiyA bajAra --- vaDodarA amAre tyAM dareka jAtanuM bAinDIMganuM kAma thAya che, ane dareka jAtanA laoN riporTanuM paNa kAma sonerI nAma sAthe karI ApavAmAM Ave che. eka vakhata kAma ApI khAtrI karazo. proprAyaTara :- borATe bradharsa. 'suvAsa 'nuM dhAraNa Ama vadhu vyApaka banatuM jAya che te joI AnaMda thAya che ... tenA saMcAlakAne dhanyavAda che. ...... A patinA badhAM sAmayikAvALA svIkAra kare teA ? atyAre kacarAnI TApalImAM nAkhavA jevuM sAhitya prasiddha thAya che, te na ja thavA pAme. --gujarAtI temAM pIrasAyalI vividhajAtanI vAnagIe sAhitya-premIete sArA kheArAka pUrAM pADe che. --kSatriya mitra pustakAlaya --sayAjIviya sAmagrI saMtASaprada che. jIvana, kalA, sAhitya vigere viSayeA paranA lekhothI bharapUra che.

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1 vaMdhyA 2 kAkI 3 kAyadAmAM strInuM sthAna 4 adheganA (vArtA) strI upayogI pustako strIzakti graMthamALA 5 gRhavyavasthAnI vAtA 6 khAMyaNAM (lAkagIta) 7 balidAna (preraka gItA) 8 bhavATavI 9 mA (vArtA) 10 jayAnA patrA (kaseTImaya lagna) 11 patino pasaMdaga 12 lIlInI AtmakathA 13 phAI 14 pArasI vAnIe 15 vidhavA ( vArtA ) 16 kAne paraNuM ? (vArtA) 17 sughaDatA ane suMdaratA 18 hAsyanAM kuvArA 19 bhutanA bhaDakA (vArtA) 20 viSavRkSa (vArtA) 21 hAsyakalApa (ramujI) 22 devI caudharANI 23 vIra rAjhA (kALu gulAba) 24 hAsya jharaNAM (ramujI) 25 " jarA corDa mukajo" 26 garabAvaLI (rASTrIya) 27 jIvanapalaTA (vArtA) 228 sukhI dhara (khAdhaka) R9 bharata gU caNu 30 ceAryAsInuM cakkara 31 rajhIyA kheMgama kara gRhu viveka 33 sukhInA patrA 34 sTavanuM zAstra 35 zrI hradaya -4 36 mAtRprema 0-3 0-3 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 0-3 0-$ 0-5 | 41 sAmAjika vAtA 0-4 4ra ramujI vAtA -4 43 bhalI bhAbhI 0-4 44 pati prabhu che 0-6 | 44 mAMdagI ane mAvajata 0-4 46 vAtanuM vatesara 0-3 47 kareNuMnA zAkha 48 pArasI satIe 0-8 -} 49 ekAdazI 50 rAzukadevI 1-4 51 zivAjInI kha h-0 -~ -~ 37 pArasI lagnagItA 38 satatiniyamana 39 vahemI pati 40 AreAgya ane sukha 7-4 -4 1-12 108 55 nArI abhiSeka 56 mAsika dharma 108 9-6 57 navA sAthiyA 1-0 1-2 1-0 7-3 0-10 0-5 0-3 -- v-2 strIzakti graMthamALAnA AkhA bahAra paDayAM che. te rUA. 3ramAM maLe che. para sAsunI zikhAmaNu 53 kAyamanuM ajJAna 54 nAma vagaranI navalakathA 58-59 vIra tArA (meM bhAga) 60 gAramAnAM gItA 61 meDama haimIDA 72 sAmAjika vAtA 63 guNIyala grAhaNI 64 strI svAtaMtrya 65 dakSiNI rAMdhaNukaLA 66 satI jasamA 67 saMsAradana 68 bhUmimAtA AnaMdamaTha 69 khALavidhavA 4 d-t 6-2 03 o-} 0-5 0-8 0-1 0-1 9-8 -1 -1 -} 0-11 0-12 0-10 0-1 0-9 9-2 -4 ra 6-1 12 0 1 dn dw E-0. 03 0 '-huM - 40-2 0-3 0-3 70 sAcAM saheAdara 1-2 se. Ajeja vasAve. kula 70 pustakA pustakA chUTAM paNa maLI zakaze. nara jA lakhA srIzakita, keLAMpITha, surata www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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suvA se che. "kArakhAnAvALAne amulya taka che che che amArI pAse dareka jAtanI mazInarI (oIla ena tathA kruDa oIla A ejana) ATAnI cI, telanI mIla, lAkaDAM kApavAnI karavata, cokhAnI mIla, rAIsa halara, temaja tenA dareka bhAge tathA leya, DrIlIMga mazIna tathA eIla ekasapalaranA bhAge, kuvAmAMthI pANI kADhavAnA hAthathI tathA pAvarathI cAlI zake tevA pape, dareka jAtanA belTajha (hera, ledhara tathA rambara) lekhaMDanI temaja bIDanI pulIo, zAphaTIMga kelara, paDIsTalasa, spalIMga, bela berIMga, naTa tathA belTasa tathA lubrIkeTIMga oIla tathA grIjha vigere chUTaka temaja jaththAmAM kiphAyata bhAve maLaze. eka vakhata TrAyala orDara ApI khAtrI karavA bhalAmaNa che, BbarU maLe yA lakhegu ja rA ta ma zI na rI sTorsa tArakezvara mahAdeva, vaDodarA. saphara svadezI = dhI -=yupITara janarala isyuransa kaMpanI lImITeDa heDa ophIsa mubAI hiMdanI AgevAna - dareka jAtanA vimA utAranArI vImA kaMpanI - phaDe rUA. 65,000,00 thI vadhu jaMdagInA vImA | Ara. sI. zeThanI ku. khAtAnA cIpha ejanTasa che. khADIA-amadAvAda tA. ka-ejanTane mATe udAra zarato tathA kAyamI rInyuala CHORRORSHIP SPORTOROS EN LOS kara