Luptapray Aadikalin Jain Tattvagyanna Gudh Sanketo

Author(s): Bansidhar Bhatt
Publisher: B J Institute
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005281/1

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luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo (jaina AgamonuM aitihAsika vizleSaNa) lekhaka baMsIdhara bhaTTa Jain Educationa International AHMEDABAD BJ INSTITUTE satyaM parama gujarAta vidyAsabhA bhoLAbhAI jeziMgabhAI adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda - 380 009. For Personal and Private Use Only www.lallalllbiary.org

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luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo (jaina AgamonuM aitihAsika vizleSaNa) [ bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAnamALAnA upakrame tA. 25-2-93nA roja apAyela vyAkhyAna ]. (sAmIpya, pu. 12, e. 1, 1995mAMthI punarmudrita). lekhaka baMsIdhara bhaTTa prophesara, vesTaphIliyA yunivarsiTI, yunTara (jarmanI) AHMED gujarAta vidyAsabhA bhoLAbhAI ziMgabhAI adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda - 380009.

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Luptapraya Adikalin Jain Tattvajnanana Gudha Sanketo by : Dr. Bansidhar Bhatt 2. prakAzaka: DaoN. pI. sI. parIkha niyAmaka: bho. je. adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana ha. kA. ArTasa kaoNleja kampAunDamAM, AzramaroDa, amadAvAda-380 09. 1 (c) prakAzaka 2 jUna, 1996 kiMmata : rU. 30-00 0 kaMpojha H artha komyuTarsa, tuSAra ke. paTela 27, aDavANI mArkeTa, dilhI daravAjA bahAra, amadAvAda-380 004. phona : pa624306

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luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMto (jaina AgamonuM aitihAsika vizleSaNa) baMsIdhara bhaTTa prAstAvika : bhAratano prAcIna vaidikadharma ane I.sa. pUrve Azare cothI sadIthI astitvamAM AvelA jaina ane bauddha dharmo; A traNe dharmonI vicArasaraNImAM kyAM paraspara sAmya maLI Ave che ane kyAM, konI, konA para kaI rIte asara thavA pAmI che te viSe chellI eka sadIthI lagabhaga 50-60 vidvAnonAM nAnAM moTAM 70-80 saMzodhano prasiddha thayAM che. AvA saMzodhana-sAhityanA itihAsanI rUparekhAno kAMI paricaya ApavAnuM ahIM Avazyaka nathI. paraMtu, jaina-jainetara dharmomAM samaviSamatA darzAvavA ke jainadharmanA AdikALanI vicArasaraNI prakAzamAM lAvavA pAchaLa AmAMnA keTalAka mukhya vidvAnonuM kayuM agatyanuM dRSTibiMdu hatuM te ahIM saMkSepamAM spaSTa karavuM Avazyaka che. 1885 mAM enDru laoNyamAne jaina AgamomAMthI - rAjapraznImAMthI pAyAsI-kathA ane jJAtAdharmakathAmAMthI draupadI-kRSNanI kathAo, tema ja sUryaprajJaptimAMthI jyotiSazAstra ane aprApya bAramA aMga dRSTivAdanI kAlpanika viSayAnukramaNImAMthI taMtrazAstra vagere viSayavastunI samAnatA brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM kayAM zAstromAM maLI Ave che te jaNAvyuM. 1902 mAM epha. oTTo zrADare prAcIna jaina ane bauddha sAhityamAM maLI AvatA kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda, vinayavAda, jevA viSayo viSe carcA karatAM prasaMgopAtta brAhmaNa paraMparAnA sAhityamAM maLI AvatA te te viSayonA keTalAka vicAro sAthe sAmya darzAvyuM. 1915 mAM heramAna olDenaberge upaniSadonA ane bauddhonA vicAronI je tulanA karI che te jaina vicArasaraNI mATe eTalI ja AvakAradAyaka thaI paDI che. 1935 mAM e.ema. ghATagee jaina AgamomAM uttarAdhyayana, upAsakadazA, bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti), jJAtAdharmakathA vageremAM, ane bauddha sAhityamAM tathA jAtakakathAomAM maLI AvatI samAnatA viSe lekha lakhyo, ane jaina AgamonAM vRttAMto jAtakakathAo karatAMya prAcIna ane maulika che tema jaNAvyuM. ahIM ghATagee jArla zArapenTIaranI (1922) uttarAdhyayananI AvRttino upayoga karyo hovA chatAM paNa, uttarAdhyayananAM Adi-mULa jainetara jAtakakathAomAM rahyAM che tevuM puravAra karatI zArapenTIaranI saMzodhana prakriyAmAM kayAM doSa rahI gayo che te (ghATagee) darzAvyuM paNa nathI ane AgaLa saMzodhana paNa karyuM nathI, tathA zArapenTIare keTalIka jAtakathAonI ane bauddhagraMthonI, to keTalIka uttarAdhyayananI gAthAomAM aneka rIte sAmya darzAvyAM che te bAbate koI ullekheya karyo nathI ! 1957 mAM goviMda caMdra pAMDenI studies in the Origins and History of Buddhism nAme eka kRti prakAzita thaI. bhAratIya vidvAnone tenA viSayavastunAM vivecana eTalAM AkarSaka thaI paDayAM ke tenI 1974 mAM bIjI ane 1983 mAM trIjI AvRtti prasiddhimAM AvI. A kRtimAM pAMDee vaidika ane jaina-bauddha vicAromAM jaNAtI samaviSamatA viSe vistArathI carcA karI, tathA saMsAratyAganA AdarzanI praNAlI vaidika vicAradhArAthI bhinna che, ane Aryo bhAratamAM AvyA te pahelAMthI te Adarzano Adisrota zramaNa ke Arhata paraMparAmAMthI cAlyo Avato hato, je Aje jaina-bauddha sAhityamAM sau prathama vAra pratibiMbita thayo che, tevuM siddha pharavA prayAsa karyo che. zramaNa paraMparAnA AgrahI bauddha ane jaina vidvAnone upakAraka viSayasAmagrI pUrI pADatI pAMDenI A kRti eka zAstragraMtharUpa thaI paDI che. 1957 pachIthI prastuta muddAonI carcA karatAM prakAzita thayelAM keTalAMka mukhya saMzodhanonA ullekha karI, pAMDee potAnI kRtinI navI AvRttiomAM te te saMzodhano para kyAMya samIkSA karI hoya tevuM jaNAtuM nathI. 1965 mAM dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIAe Agamayu" jo naina varzana nAme eka kRti hiMdI bhASAmAM prasiddha karI ane 1985 mAM Beginnings of Jaina bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM 'bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAna mALA'nA upakrame tA. 25-2-1993 nA roja apAyela vyAkhyAna. *prophesara, vesTaphAliyA yunivarsiTI, myunsTara (jarmanI) luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 1

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Philosophy in the Acaranga nAme eka lekha lakhyo, jemAM jaina darzananA siddhAMtonI AcArAMgamAM maLI AvatI prAthamika bhUmikA darzAvatAM, sAthe sAthe aupaniSada vicArasaraNIno paNa kAMIka ullekha karyo. A ja arasAmAM, 1961thI luvIga AlsadorSe ghaNA lekho lakhI jainonA uttarAdhyayananAM ghaNAM adhyayanono uddabhava mULa prAcIna jAtakakathAomAMthI thayo che tema darzAvI jAle zArapenTIaranI uttarAdhyayananI AvRttimAM rahI gayelA doSo dUra karyA. 1967 thI jApAnanA hAjIme nAkAmurAe jApAnI bhASAmAM prAcIna bhAratIya dharmonI samIkSA karI ane 1983 mAM AcAra, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASitAni, tatvArthasUtra, ityAdi jaina zAstragraMthomAMthI ane keTalAka bauddha zAstragraMthomAMthI paraspara zabdasAmya sAthe vicArasAmya paNa darzAvyuM. 1978mAM ke.ke. dIkSite pazcimanA keTalAka vidvAnonAM maMtavyo sAthe jaina AgamomAM maLatI vicArasaraNInI prAcInatA darzAvavA carcA karI. jainonA AgamomAM AcAra, sUkatAMga, dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana prAcIna gaNAya che. temAM AcArano pahelo zrutaskaMdha sauthI prAcIna che. A badhAnuM adhyayana karatAM sAmAnya kakSAnA vAcakane paNa eka satyanI to avazya ane saheje jhAMkhI thaI jAya che ke je siddhAMto mATe jaina darzana jANItuM thayuM che te siddhAMto, jevA ke jIvaajIvAdi 7-9 tattvo, pa samitio, 5 astikAyo, 3 gupti, 5 jJAna, 8 karmaprakRti, 4 kaSAyo, saptabhaMgI ane naya, uparAMta, 24 tIrthakaronI kalpanA ke temanAM nAmono ullekha, ityAdi ityAdi AcAranA pahelA zrutaskaMdhamAM to maLatAM ja nathI, paNa bIjA prAcIna AgamomAMye te badhAM daSTigocara thatAM natha tattvadarzana saMbaMdhI koI koI vicAro je saMketarUpe prAcIna jaina AgamomAM Ama tema gUDha vikharAyelA paDyA che, temane saMzodhano dvArA prakAzamAM lAvavAnI dizAmAM hajI sudhI koIpaNa vidvAne zarUAta karI nathI. A vicAro prAcInatama che ane tatkAlIna aupaniSada darzana sAthe zabdasAmya ke vicArasAmya dharAve che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu te Aje maLI AvatA pracalita jaina darzanathI taddana bhinna tarI AvatA eka ajJAta prAcInatama jaina darzananI koI navI ja dizA sUcave che. 1989mAM iTalIthI prasiddha thayelA mArA lekhamAM jaina darzananA AvA gUDha vicAro meM prakAzita karyA hatA (bhaTTa 1989), te huM ahIM vistArathI rajU karavA mAguM chuM. 7 01. jaina Agamo jaina AgamonI viSaya-gUMthaNI taddana aTapaTI ane kilaSTa che. temAMnA koI eka muddAnI apekSAe itara muddAnI prAcInatA puravAra karavAnuM kArya paNa eTaluM ja aTapaTuM ane vikaTa banI jAya che. tema chatAM, prAcIna puravAra thaelA jaina Agama graMthonI ane temAMnA keTalAka vibhAgonI ke phakarAonI spaSTa samajI zakAya e rIte meM samIkSA karI che. ahIM carcA karavAmAM AvatA vibhAgonI AvAM viziSTa dRSTibiMduthI koI vidvAne samIkSA karI nathI. A prakArano abhyAsa A lekhamAM koI eka sUtragraMthane kadAca saMpUrNa na AvarI zake, to paNa je navA daSTikoNathI ahIM enI samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che te bhaviSyamAM jaina darzananA bIjA koI muddAonI paNa samIkSA A prakAre AgaLa vadhAravA eka navo mArga cIMdhaze ema huM mAnuM chuM. A samIkSAmAM jaina vica sopAnonI eka aitihAsika paraMparAno paNa khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo che; ane brAhmaNa vicAradhArA sAthenA tenA ghaniSTha saMbaMdho ane samAnatA paNa spaSTa karavAmAM AvyAM che. digaMbara jainonA prAcIna graMtho ahIM vivecana mATe svIkRta zvetAMbaronA Agama graMtho karatAM navA che, jethI digaMbara graMthone A lekhamAM mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. huM 1. AcAra : prathama zrutaskaMdha - brahmacaryA (AcAra I) jaina AgamomAM jIva viSenI kalpanA AtmatattvanAM gUDha ciMtanomAMthI udbhavI nathI, paraMtu jainonA dainika jIvananA anubhavomAMthI rUDha thayelI che, AvA prakAranA heramAna yAkobInA maMtavya pAchaLa je tathya rahyuM che te tapAsavA mATe jaina zAstragraMthomAM sauthI prAcIna gaNAtA zvetAMbara jainonA AcArAMgasUtranA prathama zrutaskaMdhanI samIkSA Avazyaka thaI paDe che. A zrutaskaMdhane baMbharcara (brahmacaryA, juo 7 1.8) kahe che, je I.sa. pUrve Azare trIjI ke bIjI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna kahI zakAya. AcAranA brahmacaryAmAM kala 8 adhyayano maLe che, paNa mahApariSNA [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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mahAparijJA nAme tenuM eka adhyayana jaina paraMparAmAMthI lupta thayuM che, tevuM zvetAMbaro mAne che. sugamatAne kAraNe ahIM muni jaMbUvijayajInI AcArasUtranI AvRttino upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. temAM badhAM sUtronI saMkhyA saLaMga ApavAmAM AvI che. vaLI, saraLatAnA kAraNe, ahIM prAkRta bhASAnAM nAmonuM saMskRta bhASAmAM rUpAMtara karavAmAM AvyuM che tathA prAkRta ke saMskRta bhASAnAM nAmo nAgarI lipine badale gujarAtI lipimAM darzAvyAM che, ane gAthA zabda sAmAnya rIte koIpaNa padyaracanA mATe vAparyo che. huM 1.1. AcAra-brahmacaryA-zastraparijJA (AcAra 1) brahmacaryAnA pahelA adhyayana satyapariNA-zastraparikSAmAM kula sAta uddezo (adhyayananA peTAvibhAga) Ave che. tenA pahelA uddezamAM bAkInA cha uddezonI pUrvabhUmikArUpe jIvAtmA, hiMsaka karma va.no ullekha karyo che. samagra rIte jotAM, zastraparijJAmAM jIva mATe prANa zabdano ja prayoga maLe che. jo ke zArIrika jIvAtmAnA arthamAM tyAM AyA-AtmA zabda 10 vAra Ave che. jyAre phakta 4 vAra jayAM jIva zabda eka sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAyo che, e badhAM sUtro kSepaka che (juo SS 1.1.2). paraMtu prANa zabda zastraparikSAmAM 21 vAra yojavAmAM Avyo che. temAM pazu, paMkhI, vanaspati, ane mAnavajAta samAI jAya che. vaLI, A adhyayanamAM vyaktigata zArIrika jIvAtmAnI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che (jema ke... me gayA...mAro AtmA. AcAra 1.1..anukULatAne lIdhe A lekhamAM prANa zabda mATe gujarAtImAM sAmAnya arthamAM jIva zabdano upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che.) manuSyane mma samAraMbho nI - hiMsAtmaka karmanI pariNNA - parikSA (saMpUrNa jJAna ane saMnyAsa) na thAya tyAM sudhI te aneka janmomAMthI pasAra thayA kare che ane virUvave Ase DisaMveti aneka prakAranAM duHkhasparzanI lAgaNI anubhave che. paNa karma-samAraMbhonuM pUruM jJAna thatAM ja te janma-maraNanA baMdhanamAMthI chUTe che (nAtimaraNanoyanaM. AcAra 1.5-7). ahIM ane anyatra Avato samAraMbha zabda vaidika che. vaidika sAhityamAM yajJanI paribhASAmAM pazuhiMsA mATe hiMsA zabdane badale ''pakaDavAnA" arthamAM Atamate-Amate jevo zabdaprayoga thato. azokanA zilAlekhomAM (..no iiSanIve mAlamitu panotiviye..) ane gautamadharmasUtramAM (..anArmmI...3.24) paNa AraMbha-Alabha zabda hiMsAnA arthamAM vaparAyo che. vaidika yajJanI paribhASAno samAraMbha zabda jainonA AcAramAM zA mATe vaparAyo haze evI zthitahAusene zaMkA vyakta karIne A zabdano zIMge karelo artha (..to have to do..dazavaikAlika, 6.29, pR. 217) yogya nathI evo abhiprAya vyakta karyo che (zmitAusena pR.9-10). AnuM kAraNa spaSTa che ke prAcIna jaina vicArakone vaidika vicAradhArA ke yajJayAgAdika kriyAo sAthe koI virodha nahoto.2 huM 1.1.1. cha jIva-nikAyo" (AcAra 1.2-7) zastraparikSAnA bAkInA cha (2-7) uddezomAM cha prakAranI hiMsAtmaka kriyAo ane tenI parijJA viSe vivecana thayuM che. ahIM cha samAraMbhonAM varNana vyAvahArika jIvanamAMthI levAmAM AvyAM che. je padArthanA upayogathI te padArthamAM rahetA jIvonI hiMsA saMkaLAyelI hoya tevA padArthanA nAma uparathI e samAraMbhanuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. AvA padArthomAM pRthvI, udaka (pANI), agni, vanaspati, trasa-kAya ane vAyunI gaNanA thaI che. zastraparikSA jaNAve che ke keTalAka loko parivaMdana, mAna ane pUjana mATe tathA jAti-maraNamAMthI chUTavA hiMsaka karmo Adare che (1.6, 2.13, 3.24, 4.35, 5.43, 6.51, 7.58). A badhA uddezomAM phakta sAdhuonAM ja, ane te paNa phakta pAMca karmonI ja carcA che-pApa ke puNyavALAM samagra karmonI ahIM carcA nathI (sarakhAvoH aLa mo tti o pavayamALA... vidisaMti- ame bhikSu chIe ema raTyA karI keTalAka...hiMsA Adare che. 2.12, 3.23, 4.34, 5.42, 6.50, 7.57 jainonI ane bauddhonI paribhASAmAM hiMsA zabdanA sthAne vihiMsA zabda pracalita che.). gautama dharmasUtra pra.3 (pR. 35-36)mAM agni prajvalana (3.26), mAMsAhAra (3.30), cAmaDAnAM luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 3

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vastro ke valkala dhAraNa karavA (3.33) bAbate je je ullekho Ave che te zastraparijJAnAM AvAM vidhAno sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. kauzItaki brAhmaNa upaniSadamAM (2.3-5) paNa AvA prakAranuM varNana Ave che. bIjA uddeza pRthvIzastramAM (2.15) kApavAnA arthamAM mid tathA tenI upara AcAra-niryuktimAM (97, pR. 22) chedavAnA arthamAM chid kriyApado yojayAM che. temAM pRthvInI aMdara rahetA jIvonI hiMsAnuM varNana sahaja spaSTa thAya che. AcAra niryukti 103 paNa "pRthvImAM (tanisipa) rahetA jIvo" evo pRthvIzastrano artha kare che. AcAra niyukti 95 mAM pRthvIkAya-zastramAM (hadvanivasAna...parva tuM mAro lakSya) haLa, kulika, kodALI vagere sAdhanonI gaNatarI karI che. vaLI, AcAracUrNie (pR. 19-20) paNa A viSe tevuM ja maMtavya vyakta karyuM che. eTale ke haLa, kodALI jevo zastrIno upayoga karavAmAM pRthvImAM raheto jIvajetunI hisA thAya che tene pRthvIkAya-zastra ke pRthvIkarma-samAraMbha kahe che. A varNanomAMthI pRthvIkAya jIvo hoya tevo artha saMbhavato nathI. udakazastra (pANI pIvuM, nahAvuM, dhovuM, ItyAdi) nAme trIjA uddezamAM sUtra 26 (ti pANI siyA gIvA aneT. juo ha 1.1.2.) paNa 3 fssA (3-niHsRtA: ke 3-tratA:) pada dvArA spaSTa kare che ke ahIM ''pANImAMthI nIkaLatA" ke "pANImAM rahetA" jIvonI carcA che. temAMthI pANI jIva che evo, eTale ke udakakAya jIvo jevo artha nIkaLato nathI. A kAraNe jaina munio pANIno upayoga na chUTake ja kare che ane viyaDa (vikRta - koI gRhasthIe ukALIne ThArI rAkheluM) pANI pIe che (sarakhAvoH vastrapUtaM gataM japa-manusmRti, 6.46 ane baudhAyana dharmasUtra, 2.6.11.24). tevI rIte cotho uddeza-agnizastra jaNAve che ke Aga lagADavAthI pRthvI, taNakhalAM, pAMdaDAM, lAkaDAM, gobara ane kAdava jevAmAM bharAI rahelAM (puva- fsayA taLa-fkha0 patta-La0 6Li0 nona-fkha0 yuvA-fNa0 4.37) jIvajaMtunI hiMsA thAya che. mATe agnikrama samAraMbha na Acaravo, agnizastrano upayoga na karavo. A saMdarbhamAM jIvajaMtune saMpAtimA (juo pizela DuM 602) kahyAM che. eTale ke havAmAM UDatAM jIvajaMtu paNa agni sparza thatAM (maifkha pu) marI jAya che. agnikAyazastra ane trasakAyazastramAM (uddeza 6) nisi5 - zabdaprayoga thayo che. AcAra niyukti 123 paNa jaNAve che ke agnizastrathI pRthvI, pANI ke vanaspatimAM bharAI rahelAM ane trasakAya jIvajaMtu (AgaLa juo) marI jAya che. A jIvo svayaM agnikAya hoya evuM ghaTI zakatuM nathI. vanaspatizAstra viSenA pAMcamA udezamAM vanaspatinuM viziSTa prakAre varNana thayuM che. vanaspatinI hiMsAno pratiSedha prAcIna vaidika kALathI thato rahyo che. (jema ke, varnaphlInA gautama dharmasUtra 3.52). A muddAno AgaLa (g 2.1.2) vicAra karavAmAM Avaze. trasakAyazastra nAme chaThThA uddezamAM eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe ''jatA" ke "bhaya pAmatA" trasa(kAya) jIvonuM varNana Ave che. temAM (6.52) jaNAvyuM che ke keTalAka pUjA ke pratiSThA khAtara ( gyA), mRgacarma, mAMsa ke lohI mATe (naHI[...kaMsAI...sogitA) jIvono vadha kare che (vaheMti). AvA saMdarbhamAM ahIM eka navA vadhu kriyApadano viziSTa prayoga thayo che. AthI spaSTa kahI zakAya ke ahIM zikAra jevAM hiMsaka karmonI sAthe sAthe bANa ke evuM tra-zastra saMkaLAyeluM che. A zastro eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe "gati kare che" (7) ane jIvono vadha karatAM hovAthI temane "bhaya upajAve che" (tAMti pAnA viso kliA , 6.49), AthI AvAM zastrone trasakAyazastra kahe che. A udezamAM trasa (kAya) jIvo (tasI pALa) ane trasakAya zastra, baMne zabdo judA judA saMdarbhamAM saMkaLAyelA che. trasakAyazastra hiMsaka zastranA arthamAM Ave che. paNa tenA pApA IMDAMmAMthI ke vagara IMDa ke garbhamAMthI janmatA (aMDaja, jarAyaja, potajo cara jIvo mATe vaparAya che. trasa ane sthAvara jevA jIvonA be vibhAgo prAcIna vaidika kALathI cAlyA Ave che. ahIM trasa-eTale ke halanacalana karatA juvomAM, nAnA jIvo: aMDaja, rasaja (pravAhImAM garamInI vikriyAthI uddabhava pAmatAM), svedana, saMmUTjhima (? strIpuruSanA samAgama vinA janmatAM? kadAca, samucchinna ? athavA, ThaMDIthI ghaTTa banelo pravAhIno gaThTho ?), udbhijja (vanaspati) ane moTA jIvoH potaja, jarAyuja ane aupapAtika (mukhyatve saMsArI jIvo, deva, manuSya, ityAdi) uparAMta sthAvara-eTale ke vanaspati jevA sthira jIvo [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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(juo AcAra niyukita 154.). cothA uddezamAM agnizastra mATe je arthamAM saMpAtimA zabda Avyo hato te ja arthamAM te sAtamA uddeza vAyuzastra mATe paNa yojAyo che. pavana phukAya ke havA vegavaMta banatAM - vAyu vAvAthI-havAma UDatAM jIvajaMtu marI jAya che (ti saMpArUmAM pANI mArce saMpataMti 7.60), A prakAranA karmasamAraMbhane vAyukAyazastra kahe che. ahIM, vAyu hiMsAnuM eka sAdhana che, paNa te svayaM jIva che tevo artha ghaTI zakato nathI. 6 1.1.2. zastraparijJAnI vicAradhArA ane paribhASA samagra zastraparijJA adhyayanamAM prANa zabdano prayoga vizeSa tarI Ave che, paNa jIva zabda upayogamAM lIdho nathI. upaniSadomAM paNa prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM vaparAyo che, jema ke sarve prA: (kauSItaki upaniSada 3.2), prANoma prajJAtmA".(kauSItaki brAhmaNa upaniSada). prANa zabdaprayoga jIvazabda karatAM prAcIna che. brahmacaryAnA bIjA adhyayana logavijaya (lokaricaya)mAM prANa zabda beyamAM ane cArapagAM prANIo mATe paNa vaparAyo che (juo uddeza 3, sUtro 78-79, sarakhAvo dazavaikAlika 6.11.). Ama, cara ane sthAvara, manuSyo ane pazu,-badhA prakAranA jIvo mATe prANa zabda prayoga thayo che. jaina darzanamAM hiMsA mATe prAcIna zabda pratipati- prANAtipAta pracalita che, temAM paNa prANa zabdathI badhA jIvo AvarI lIdhA che. zastraparijJA jaNAve che ke prANo pRthaka pRthaka - vividha sthaLe rahelA che (saMti paNa putro-siyA 2.11,6.49), zUbIMge 2.11-12ne dhruvanaMDikA tarIke gaNyA che. zastraparijJAnI koI prAcIna vAcanAmAM amuka amuka sthaLe A dhruvanaMDikAnI punarukti thatI rahetI, tevuM AcAracUrNinA AdhAre (pR.30,37) nizcita thAya che, paNa atyAre maLI AvatI AcAranI badhI AvRttiomAMthI vAcanAkAroe AvI dhruvanaMDikA keTalAka pAThamAMthI dUra karI che (zUbIMga-AcAra, pR.57). A dhruvanaMDikA sUtrakRtAMga I 104. mAM paNa punarAvartana pAmI che. zastraparijJAmAM traNa sthaLe (3.26 bevAra, 6.49, 7.62 cAra vAro AvatA jIva zabda viSe ahIM carcA karavAnI jarUra che. saMti pApa niziyA navA (3.26 prANI, pANImAMthI nIkaLatA jIvo aneka che)mAM prANa zabda jIvanA ja arthamAM hovAthI jIva zabda ahIM nirarthaka thaI paDe che. A sUtra pachI AvatuM sUtrarUdaM ra nuM mo maUTVIII nIvA vidiyA (u.26 bhikSuo mATe ahIM pANIne jIvo kahyA che)mAM eka navuM ''AgavuM maMtavya" rajU thayuM che, ane te samagra uddeza 3 mAM mULa saLaMga cAlI AvatAM varNanomAM kSati pahoMcADe che. A sUtra maulika nathI, pAchaLathI prakSipta thayuM hoya ema lAge che. chaThThA udezanA sUtra 49 mAM (...paNa saMsAre tti pavuati...sarvemAM pALa..bhUtA.gIvA..sattA..) prANa-bhUta-jIva-sattva jevA nirarthaka samAnArtha "zabdADaMbara (clichekalIza), saMsAra, phittA, paraLivyAkha, mahamaye suvavuM jevA navA zabdonI gUMthaNI ane temAMthI vyakta thato navo vicAra, vagere bAbato AkhA zastraparijJAmAM taddana alaga paDI jAya che. vaLI, dareka uddeza saMpUrNa pUro thayA pachI, te udezanA aMte ti nemi jevuM itizrI Ave che. paraMtu 6.49 mAM A praNAlInuM ullaMghana thayuM che. temAM rUti vema uddezanI aMdaranA bhAgamAM AvyuM che. Ama, pAsa saMsAre..ti vema (sUtra 49)prakSiptA che. temAM sensekSa pAchai..ti vema sudhIno bhAga AcAra 4.2.139 mAMthI UtarI Avyo hoya tema jaNAya che. sUtra 7.62 kAMIka vizeSa spaSTatA mAgI le che. zastraparikSAmAM cha javanikAyo-cha prakAranA jIvo-hoya evAM varNana nathI, paraMtu jIvonI hiMsAnA cha prakAranAM varNano chete hakIkata, uparanAM vivecanothI ($ 1.1.1) prakAzamAM AvI zakI. AkhA zastraparissAmAM kyAMya chaMIvanajA (cha prakAranA jIvo) zabda ma sAtamA uddezane aMte phakta sUtra 62mAM cAravAra Ave che. sAmAnya rIte upara jaNAvyA mujaba dareka uddeza pUrAM thatAM ja aMte ti vema jevI itizrI mUkIne te uddeza pUrNa thayo tema darzAvyuM che. te pramANe sAtamA uddezamAM sUtra 61mAM tti semi thI te uddeza pUrNa thayo che tevuM nizcita thavA chatAM, sUtra 62mAM ta ve nuM punarAvartana jovA maLe che ! samagra zastraparijJAnA upadezano niSkarSa darzAvatuM sUtra 62 pAchaLathI ahIM prakSipta che (juo vi.7). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jana tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo 1

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zastraparikSAmAM cha-jIva-nikAyanI-pRthvI(kAya)jIva, udaka(kAya)jIva, agni(kAya)jIva, vanaspati(kAya)jIva, trasakAyajIva ane vAyu(kAya)jIvanI-eka navI vicArasaraNI janmI che evuM jaina TIkAkAro ane teone anusarIne jaina darzananA dareka saMzodhako jaNAve che, te bhUlabhareluM che. jo ke trasakAya jIvo viSe upara spaSTatA karI che (F 1.1.1.) ane vanaspatikAya viSe AgaLa vicAraNA karavAmAM Avaze. dazavaikAlikanA cothA adhyayananAM gadyasUtromAM 3 vAra jIvanikAya zabdane badale nILiyA (jIvanikA ''jIvana nirvAhanuM sAdhana") zabda Ave che. zUIMge tenI AvRttimAM A bAbatanI noMdha lIdhI che (pR.240), ane tenA matane amArA vivecanathI puSTi maLe che. A uparAMta, zUIMge saMzodhanonA AdhAre jaNAvyuM che ke zastraparikSAmAM karmasamAraMbhono mULa krama-pRthvI (uddeza 2), udaka (uddeza 3), agni (uddeza 4), vAyu (uddeza 7), vanaspati (uddeza 5), trasakAya (uddeza * A rIte hovo joIe, je zastraparijJAmAM astavyasta thaI gayo che uddeza 7 (vAyu) chelle mUkyo che (juo. zUbIMga-AcAra pR.58 ane Avazyaka cUrNibhAga 2, pR. 302). - zastraparijJAmAM AtmA zabda upaniSadonI vicAradhArAmAMthI apanAvyo hoya ema lAge che. jo ke zastraparijJAnA A prAcIna adhyayanamAMthI jIva ane AtmA zabda vacceno kAMI bheda spaSTa thato nathI. vaLI, ahIM prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM Avyo che, jyAre AkhA brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM prANI (prANavALo = jIva) zabda phakta eka ja vAra (no pALiLa pALe samArameSnAsi 3.2.121 prANIonA prANanI hiMsA na kare ! samArameSnAsi mATe juo pizela SS 460) Ave che. prANa zabdano viziSTa artha pahelAM jIva thato hato, te badalAIne ahIM sAmAnya prANI jevA arthamAM rUDha thayo che. uparyukta sUtra 3.2.121 ahIM ullekha pAmelA triSTubha zlokonI eka paMkti che (zUbrIMgaAcAra pR. 15.54). zastraparijJAnI paribhASAmAM sa sparza ane DisaMvedyatti / TUMkamAM vedanA jevA agatyanA zabdo jovA maLe che, je prAcIna aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAMthI pracalita thayA che (juo, phrAuvAlnaranI vistRta carcA. I. pR. 11thI, tathA Alsadorpha ityiparinnA 1.28 52 vivecana KI. Sch., pR. 210-211). A badhAM vivecanonA AdhAre ema kahI zakAya ke prAcIna jaina vicAradhArAmAM pRthvI, jaLa, vAyu, agni jevAM tattvone jIvaMta gaNavAmAM AvatAM nahotAM, paNa phakta vanaspati ja jIvaMta che ema manAtuM. tethI zastraparikSA adhyayananA pAMcamA uddezamAM vanaspatizastranuM varNana viziSTa prakAranuM che. tenI tathA yAskanA nirukatanI ahIM tulanA karavAthI te spaSTa thaze. nirukata 1.2 jaNAve che keH SaD mAvavizvArA mavantIti vArSyALa:, khAyate'sti viriNamate varthataM'pakSIyate vinazyati / pataMjalie paNa tenA mahAbhASyamAM (1.3.1.11) Ano ullekha karyo che. A cha bhAvivakArone zastraparijJAnA vanaspatizastra sAthe A pramANe sarakhAvI zakAyaH nirukata 1.2 (vArSyAyaNi) nAyate, masti, vipariNamate, 1 2 3 4 vayaMte, apakSIyate, vinazyati, Jain Educationa International zastraparijJA 5.45 jAtidhammayaM ? vipariNAmadhammayaM cayovacaiyaM vuDDhadhammayaM - chiNNaM milAti 6 aNitiyaM, asAsayaM pAMcamA uddezamAM vanaspati jIvaMta che tevuM spaSTa varNana thayuM che, ane te para cha bhAvikAronA vicAranI asara thaI che. prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM vanaspati jIvaMta che tema manAtuM hatuM (juo vejhyura 1986, vAlhera slAy; Bewusstsein und Wahrnehmungsvermoegen von Pflanzen aus hinduistischer Sicht - hiMdu dRSTie vanaspatinAM aMtaHkaraNa ane iMdriyapratyakSanI kSamatA, grAjha 1989 pR. 147-169). vanaspatine kApavAmAM 6 ] [ sAmIpya H eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 For Personal and Private Use Only

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vanaspati-jIvanI hiMsA thAya che ane te vanaspatimAM vaLagI rahelAM itara jIvajaMtunI paNa hiMsA thAya che evo A uddezano Azaya hoya ema lAge che. zastraparijJAmAM loka zabda jIvonA AzrayasthAna tarIke gaNAya che. 4.32 mujaba lokanuM ane AtmAnuM astitva nakArI zakAtuM nathI (neva sarca no 1 amIrUlananA mattAmAM mAva@LanA) AtmavAdI lokasattAne nakAre che ane lokavAdI AtmasattAne nakAre che, tethI pApakarma thAya che, ane baMne te pApakarmamAMthI chUTatA nathI. kAraNa ke lokasattA nakAravAmAM lokamAM rahetA jIvonA astitva viSe bedarakArI thAya che (the to nati para ta mAnI punaH punaH vazamApadyate kaTha upaniSada, 1.2.6.) ane AtmasattA nakAravAmAM sarve prANIonI hiMsA - thAya che. (lokavAdI ane AtmavAdI mATe juo zrADara pR. 38thI tathA parathI.). loka duHkhathI bharapUra che ane sAcuM jJAna temAM thatuM nathI. tenAthI to baMdhana (tha = graMtha) thAya che, moha thAya che, pApakarma thAya che (16) mATe munie karmanI parijJA-viveka jJAna prApta karavuM joIe ke hiMsA kevI rIte thAya che ane te kema TaLe. parijJA eTale zastrano asamAraMbha, jJAna, viveka (satyaM masamAraMbhamAM rUte bAremAM pariNAyA bhavati 2.16, 3.29, 4.38. 5.46, 6.53, 7.60) AthI karmasamAraMbha na karavo, na karavA devo ke na karAvavo (1.4, 2.13, 17, 3.24, 30, 4.35, 5.43, 47, 6.51, 54, 7.58, 61), te ja mukhya mArga che. ahIM sarvatra pApakarma upara ja bhAra mUkayo che. A pApa karmo jIvane aneka janmonI paraMparA sAthe joDe che (saMti 1.6, saMdhi). sAdhuone potAnAM dainika ke nitya-naimittika karmo to karavAnAM ja rahe che (sarakhAvo Avazyaka cUrNi, pR. 97 3. meSa pUvartAta, asuvu nivRtti). bhikSu thayA pachI bhikSane tenA niyamonuM pAlana Avazyaka che (anupAtiya3.20). teNe saraLa svabhAve, dago karyA vagara vartavuM joIe (3nuvAde..mamaye kuSyane 3.19) ane dharmanI AjJAmAM (bhAga-3. 22) rahevuM joIe. AvA vicAro AruNi upaniSada (1.5) ane paramahaMsa upaniSadamAM (ra4) mAM Ave che. mumukSue lokamAM rahelAM hiMsAnAM kSetronI vicAraNA karavI joIe ane te rIte azastranA (ahiMsA) kSetro paNa jANI levA joIe. AvA sadA apramatta ane saMyamI mumukSune ahIM vIra kahIne prazaMsA karI che (4.32,33). A sUtramAM pahelI vAra nAna-pAsa; jevo "zabdADaMbara" (cliche) Ave che je uttarakAlIna jaina darzanazAstrIo mATe vivaraNano moTo viSaya thaI paDyo che. (bALarU-pAsarU nuM punarAvartana AcAra .2.1.71 tathA 5.6,175mAM thayuM che.). AcAranA brahmacaryamAM "zabdADaMbara" (cliche) nI yojanA vistRta thaI te pahelAM kIesamasa" (chiasmas: "zabdonI UlaTasUlaTa-cokaDI x prakAranI racanA") nI yojanA pracalita hatI, jeno prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM paNa prayoga thato hato. zastraparikSAmAM baMdhananA arthamAM guNa zabdano prayoga thayo che. rUpa, zabda, vagere guNanA viSayo che. loko gRhasthAzramamAM guNothI agupta (mAtta, asaMrakSita) rahe che, teo guNothI AkarSAya che ane bhramita thAya che. (pa.41). pramatta thaI guNomAM racyA rahevuM tenuM nAma hiMsA-daMDa (4.33), je guNa che te Avarta-janmamaraNanA pherA che ( puche che mAtraTTa ne vaTTa se gune pa.41- kIsamasa !). guNa zabdathI thatAM AvAM sAMsArika varNano dvArA loka zabdamAMthI saMsAranI bhAvanAno uddabhava thato jaNAya che. saMsArI - gRhastha-dazAmAM loko potAnuM rakSaNa karavA ke dharmapAlana karavA samartha nathI, teo to guNonA AsvAda mAtramAM racyA rahe che. (TAsAte...5.41). zastraparijJAmAM saMsAra zabda ajJAta lAge che. paNa tene anurUpa paribhASAmAM prAcIna Avarta (mAvaTTa- pa.41 - janmamaraNanI ghaTamALa) zabdano prayoga thayo che. brahmacaryanuM lokaricaya nAme bIjuM adhyayana jaNAve che ke ajJAna janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAyA kare che (nAtImAM anuriyAne 2.3.77) ke du:khonA AvartamAM - saMsAracakramAM - bhamyA kare che (dullAmeva mAvaThuM aNuriyati 2.3.80, 2.6.105, sarakhAvo 5.1.151). karmasamAraMbha luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ].

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graMtha-graMthi (Ithe, gAMTha, baMdhana) che; moha, mRtyu (mA) ane naraka (nira) che. temAM ja loko jakaDAyelA (hiNa prathita, baMdhAyelA) racyA rahe che (2.14, 3.15, 4.36, 5.44, 6.52, 7.59) trIjA adhyayana zItoSNIyamAM AvI sAMsArika dazAne Avarta-srotanI (AvaTTa saur 3.1.107) saMjJA ApI che. Avarta zabda koIvAra guNo sAthe ane koIvAra saur strotas, srota, pravAha) sAthe saMkaLAelo che. (sarakhAvo - '++ sotA adde sotA tithiM sotA...te sotA...nahiM saMn ti...AvameyaM tu...'' 5.6.174). srotane badale oya (dhasamasato pravAha, pUra) zabdano prayoga paNa thayo che, jemake sa goyaMtare muLI (2.6.99 = 5.3.161 : pUra pravAha tarI janAra e muni che...). zvetAzvatara upaniSadamAM paNa AvI ja paribhASA yojAI che. temAM saMsAranA varNana mATe yoni (kAraNa), srota, Avarta, ogha, parva (graMthi - gAMTha, baMdhana), guNa, jevA zabdaprayogo thayA che. jemakeH paMcasrotoDavuM...paMvAva paMcavu:auSane...paMcapAmathIma / smin so grAmyate brahmavatjhe (1.5,6), strotAMsi sarvALi...pratota vidvAn (2.8), Aramya zizuLAnvitAnAi...(6.4)*. AcAra brahmacaryanAM bAkInAM adhyayano (2-8) zastraparijJAnI AvI prAcIna vicAradhArAne anusare che ane vatte oche aMze temAM vikAsa karatAM rahyAM che. tenA phakta dhyAna dore evA viziSTa muddA ja have AgaLa darzAvavAmAM Avaze. SS 1.2 AcAra - brahmacarya - lokavicaya (AcAra 2. uddezo 1-6) zastraparijJA adhyayanamAM munione keMdramAM rAkhIne tattvavicAraNA karI hatI, paraMtu bIjA adhyayana lokavicayamAM (''lokanI parIkSA'' : sarakhAvo- cip oNa...2.1.93 lokavicaya mATe juo bhaTTa-1981) saMsArI jIvone keMdramAM rAkhIne vicAraNA karI che ane pApa karmonA samAraMbhanA tyAga dvArA muktino mArga darzAvato zastraparikSAno Adarza saMsArI lokomAM pahoMcADayo che. mAtApitA, bhAIbahena, patipatnI, bALako, mitro, vagerene potAnAM svajana mAnI temanA jIvananirvAha mATe, athavA to potAnA utkarSa mATe je kAMI karma karavAmAM Ave che te badhAM pApakarma gaNAya che. jIvanakALa daramiyAna tenAthI sukha paNa maLatuM nathI ke mRtyu bAda tenAthI mukta paNa thavAtuM nathI. te karmothI koI paNa Adarza siddha thaI zakato nathI (2.1.64,66,67H sarakhAvo sUtrakRtAMga I:2.1.16-22; I:2.3.16-17, I.3.2. 2.18; I.11.3.6). bhAgyavaza iMdrayo zithila thaI jatAM ke dhanamilakatano upabhoga paNa na thaI zakatAM, svajano ane badhA loko tenI niMdA karaze (2.1.64). te svayaM rogagrasta thatAM tenA svajano ja tene tarachoDaze (sarakhAvo 2.1.67, 2.2.81). kaTokaTInA prasaMgomAM jarUra AvI paDatAM svajano, mitro ke dhanavaibhava ; koI koInuM rakSaNa nahIM karI zake (nAlaM te tava tALAchu nA sarANa nA tuma pi tesi nAAM tALA" vA saraLAm vA...2.1.64, 67. 2.4.81 sarakhAvo 2.3.79; 2.3.82; sUtrakRtAMgaH- I.2.3.16, I.9.3-5; I.10.19-20, uttarAdhyayana 6.3 suttanipAta 34.6 tathA bhaTTa 1993). garbha upaniSada paNa jaNAve che ke 'yannayA parijhanasyArthe tuM rma zubhAzubhama, pAjI tena voDaDyuM tAste tamonita: (kuTuMbIo mATe meM je zubha-azubha kAma karyuM te mane ekalAne ja bALI rahyuM che, paNa tenAM phaLa bhogavanArA cAlyA gayA !'' 4.17). manusmRti (4.23) kahe che ke nAmutra tti sahAyArtha pitA mAtA ca tiSThata:, na putravArI 1 jJAtirdharmastiSThati vata: (paralokamAM madada mATe mAtipatA rahetAM nathI. putrapatnI paNa nahIM ane jJAtijano paNa nahIM; dharma ekalo ja rahe che.) A rIte lokanI - saMsAranI - samIkSA karIne karmasamAraMbha na Acaravo. kAraNake, badhAM prANIone jIvavuM game che, potAno jIva priya hoya che (saddhe pALA...piyagoviLo nIvikAmAM, sandesi nIyiM yiM 2.3.78, sarakhAvo dazavaikAlika 6.11; AcAra 4.2.139. mahAbhArata anuzAsanaparva 113.12: 7 ddi prALApriyatAM to zvina vidyate lokamAM prANathI vadhAre priya kaMI hotuM nathI). A pApa karmonA mULamAM guNo - zabda, sparza, vagere - rahyA che (ne muLe te mUlaThThALe,...2.1.63). dhIrapuruSe A karmone duHkharUpa jANI teno tyAga karavAmAM pramAda na karavo (2.1.65), paNa AtmArthe (yaduM 2.1.68) samyak AcaraNa karavuM. sUtrakRtAMga paNa jaNAve che ke teo odha saMsArapravAha - tarI jAya che (juo I.3.4.18 te ortha taskRiti). 8 ] [ sAmIpya H eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 Jain Educationa International - For Personal and Private Use Only shn

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na vimukta loko alobhathI lobhane jIte che ane anukULa viSaya kAmanAono paNa svIkAra-upabhoga karatA nathI (viputtA...pAramiLo. joma alomeLa puMchamALe taddhe jAme nAmiti), teo ja bhikSu kahevAya che (2.2.71). pApakarmonI parikSA karI te na karavAM, na karAvavAM ke te mATe anumodana paNa na ApavuM, jethI kuzaLa sAdhaka tenAthI lepAto nathI (..satte novRttiLenApti 2.2.74 = 2.5.89). AvA pazyane (pAsa, jonAra, hakIkata samajanAra) koI uddeza - upadeza/vyavahAra hoto nathI (uddeze pAsAssa nathi 2.3.80). kuzaLa baMdhAyelo paNa nathI ane mukta paNa nathI (satte puLa no varSe no mu 2.6.104). teo sAMsArika parigrahane baMdhanarUpa gaNe che (..JApi...gayaM saMdhI tti avu 2.5.88) ane te badhuM choDI daI phakta vastra, kAMbaLo, kaTAsana, vagere jevI jarUrI sAmagrI rAkhe che (2.5.89). teNe kaMIka maLatAM khuzI ke na maLatAM zoka na karavo. (llo tti na maLeA bAmo tti na soyaNa 2.5.89, sarakhAvo 2.4.86). nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada kahe che ke attAne na viSAdrI sthAne caitra na dRSyate (5.7). te mivaghU...chittA ttiyAkr (2.5.88), sudhInI paMkti 8.3.210 sUtramAMthI ahIM lIdhI che. ahIM (2.5.88) te judA ja viSayanI hoya ema spaSTa tarI Ave che. Ane karma-parikSA kahe che, jethI karmothI upazAMta thavAya che. te vyaktine mamatva hotuM nathI (..paLA...mmovasaMtI...mamAyamati jJAti...2.6.97). teNe lokane - saMsArane - ThIka jANI lIdho che. te buddhizALIe saMsAra tyAga karyo che. te vIra khedarahita (vimaLaeN) hovAthI rAga vagarano che (nanhA avimaLe vIra, taddA vIre na rakhkharUM 2.6.98, A badhAM sUtromAM ''karmomAM rAga'' ane karmonA lepa" viSenA ullekho dhyAna kheMce evA che. AgaLa jatAM A bAbata vadhAre spaSTa karI che (bhidurasu na ronA jAmasu vahuta su vi. 8.8251 nazvaramAM ke vividha viSaya kAmanAomAM rAga na rAkhavo) Aryoe darzAvelo A mArga apanAvatAM kuzaLane karmasamAraMbhano lepa lAgato nathI (2.5.89). kuzaLa sAdhaka karmamAtrane saMpUrNa jANe che ane saMsArI lokonAM duHkhonI parikSA jaNAve che (2.6.101, 4.3.140). te mamatvarahita, kheda vagarano che - (2.2.74, 2.4.85, 2.6.97, 98; upara juo). te loka - saMsAra - sAthenA saMyogathI para che, ananyadarzI che, ananya-ArAma che (..anvaMti tosaMnosa...baLavaMttI...aLabbArAne...2.6.101). tene mana tuccha (adhama, pApa ?) ane pUrNa (puNya ?), baMne sarakhA che (khannA puLalluM ti taddA tusse zrRti 2.6.102, juo zUdrIMga-AcAra pR.73, ththati mATe juo pizela SS 543). sarvatra-sarva dizAmAM - parizacArI (saMpUrNa jJAna-vivekathI AcaranAra) te vIra baMdhana pAmelA jIvane mukta kare che (vIra mATe juo zuddhIMga-vo.ma.pR.80 ane yajImA-1981, noMdha 21 ane hiMsAthI (hiMsAnA prasaMge) lepAto nathI (sa vIre...ne baddhe Dimoya. huM marda tiriyuM visAsu; se sabo savvaparitravArI na nippad chaLapaNa vIre. 2.6.103, chaLa mATe juo pizela SS 318). A saMdarbhamAM AcAra-cUrNi (pR.99) jaNAve che ke sarvaparijJA mujaba zAstrAnusAra-AcaranAra hiMsAthI lepAto nathI (...vihIp heMto ja chaLeLa nivRtti). zIlAMka paNa kahe che ke...thayelI hiMsAthI (pApakarmathI) te vIra lepAto nathI (zIlAMka-AcAra pR.98). AvAM vidhAno prAcIna vaidika ke aupaniSada sAhityamAM paNa jovA maLe cheH na sa 4 tairavyAparanuM pAmanA likhate zu: "te karmothI AcaraNa karato te zuddha pApathI lepAto nathI (chAMdogya upaniSada 5.10.10), 3meDa haiM.va.1.te tarati, nainaM kRtAkRte tapataH te kharekhara baMnene (pApa-puNya, va.) tarI jAya che, ene kareluM ane nahIM kareluM (karma) duHkha detAM nathI. (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.22). F vidyAna... puNyapApe vidhUya niraMjanaH paramaM sAmyamupaiti puNya ane pApa khaMkherI nAkhI te niraMjana (nirlepI) jJAnI parama sAmya pAme che (muMDaka upaniSada, 3.3), gItA paNa kahe che ke A sarva lokane mAravA chatAM te (jJAnI) mArato nathI, baMdhana pAmato nathI (18.17).10 luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 9

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AnuM kAraNa lokaricaya jaNAve che ke te kuzaLa medhAvI ahiMsAnA kSetrane jANanAra - kSetrajJa - ane baMdhamokSano viveka karanAra - anveSaNa karanAra - jJAnI, nathI baddha ke nathI mukta (te anupAtikSNa ratane viMdhapamovaramANelI, kusale pukha vadhe mudde 2.6.104). huM 1.3 AcAra - brahmacarya - zItoSNIya (AcAra-3, uddezo 1-4) zItoSNIya adhyayananuM nAma sabasivALI (zIta ane uSNano - sukha ane duHkhano tyAga karanAra; 3.1.107) jevA zabdo uparathI AvyuM che. A adhyayanamAM paNa zastraparijJAnA vicAronuM punarAvartana thayuM che. tenA viziSTa vicAro saMkSepamAM ahIM jaNAvIe chIe. dharmanI bAbatamAM loko - amuni - sUtA (bedarakAra) hoya che, paNa munio satata jAgatA hoya che (surA amuni, mufroo sAthe nIti 3.1.105, sarakhAvo :- nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tasyAM nA if saMyanI. je sarva prANIonI rAta che temAM saMyamI jAgato hoya che...gItA 2.69 munAti, je jANe che te muni suttanipAta pa27). jeNe zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha jANyA che te Atmavida - vedavida - brahmavida che (pAThAMtara - vidane badale - vAna vaLI sarakhAvo AcAra 4.4.145 ane te vANimiti sa brahmavituM - vaivi -- AtmavituM...bahadAraNyaka upaniSada, 3.7.1). Rju ane dharmavida muni Avartasrata (AvAgamanano pravAha) ane saMga jANe che. zIta ane uSNane tyAga karanAra - ratiarati (sukha du:kha) sahana karanAra te nigraMthane (graMtha-baMdhanarahita) sparzavedanA hotAM nathI. Ama te mukta bane che (3.1,107). zabda, rUpa, ityAdinI upekSA karanAra . maraNamAMthI chUTI jAya che (3vedamANe saddave...marA muvaeN 3.1.108). te kAmarahita, apramAdI, pApakarmothI upazAMta, Atmagupta, vIra ane kSetrajJa12 che (u.1.109). akarmane vyavahAra hoto nathI (sarakhAvo - sUtrakRtAMga I. 2.5,3,5,7,11,pa0), karmathI upAdhi janme che (amUlya vaivahAro ne vina, muLA vANI nAyaDu 3.1.1 10). Ama, karma ke karmanuM mULa hiMsA che tema jANI - grahaNa karI, janmamaraNanI gati-AgatinI) be aMtima bAjuothI adazya (para) thaI saMsAratyAga karavo (3.1,111, sarakhAvo. 3.3.123). AvA saMdarbhamAM dhIra puruSane naiSkarkhadarzI (fimpiriMkSI 3.2.115, 4.4.145, sarakhAvo gItA 3.4,18.49), ane upazAMta (3.2.116) kahyo che, tathA satyamAM ja , dhRti rAkhavA jaNAvyuM che (sarvAmi fdharuM braha. 3.2.117). AgaLa jatAM, satyane ja oLakhavA Adeza Apyo che ane satyanI AjJAmAM rahevAnI te medhAvI mRtyu tarI jAya che tema jaNAvyuM che (saMvameva samafmanAdi ! sanvessa baTU 3TTi mehAvI mA tararU. 3.3.127). ahIMyAM jainonA vrata tarIke satyanuM vidhAna thayuM nathI. paNa tenuM eka parama tattva tarIke vidhAna thayuM che (vaLI, juo AcAra 4.4.146). loka-saMdhi (sAMsArika-baMdhana saMdhi jANIne AtmAmAMthI bahAra jovuM joIe. tema thatAM, te na haNanAra che ke na haNAvanAra (saMdha no gALI jhIyo variyA pAse; takhtI na haMtA na ravi pAyA 3.3.122 = 5.5.170, juo upara huM 1.2 ane AgaLa huM 1.5; saMdhi = "satata ciMtana" sarvatra AtmarUpe AcaravuM joIe evuM A saMdarbhamAM zIlAMka jaNAve che (sarvatra - mAtmaparve samAre..zIlAMka AcAra pR. 110, sarakhAvo-AcAra-cUrNi pR.118). sUtrakRtAMga I.2.3.12 (sA-tutte pahiM saMna, juo bole H. pR.7778) ane 1 12.18 (te bAbo pAsa; sabUno, juo hR.3) paNa sarvatra AtmarUpe jovAnuM jaNAve che. dazavaikAlika to spaSTa jaNAve che ke sannapUMPyasa nuM mUyA pAso...parva ma na vaMdhak (sarve prANIo tenA AtmarUpa thayAM che tevAne,-prANIone samyapha jonArane...pApakarma bAMdhatuM nathI. 4.9). Iza upaniSada paNa kahe che ke vastu sarvALi mUtAnyAtmacevAnupati, sarvabhUteSu mAtmAnaM tato na viSNupukhate je koI sarva prANIone potAnAmAM ane sarva prANIomAM potAne jue che, tenAthI te-AtmA-chupAvavA icchato nathI. eTale ke tene 10 ] | [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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Atmadarzana sahaja thAya che. 6; juo thIme pR.93.94, sarakhAvo kaTha upaniSada 4.5, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.23), te rIte gItA kahe che ke sarvabhUtAtmamUtAtma rvaSa na sidhyate (5.7), sarakhAvo- mattAna 35 Gii na thya na pace. (sutranipAta 37.27). AvAM vidhAnomAM pradhAna sUra e che ke karmanAM baMdhanamAMthI chUTavA Atmadarzana Avazyaka che. zItoSNIyanA uparyukta ullekhomAM tathA anyatra AcAra-brahmacaryamAM karmo khapAvavAno (karma-kSapaNa) koI Adeza nathI. sUtra 3.3.125 - tuma Ava tu-pitta, I vediyA mimi?i (tuM ja tAro mitra che, bahAra koI mitranI kema icchA rAkhe che ?) gItAnA Atmava hRAtmino vaMdhu ane vaMdhurAtmatministI cenAtmavAtmanA nita: (6.5-6 - jeNe pote potAne jItyo che tenA potAno pote mitra che) jevA AdezanuM sUcana kare che AtmAne ja pakaDI rAkhatAM duHkhathI chUTI zakAya che (sarakhAvo - bALameva maga parva dullA, poli 3.3.126), tema iza upaniSada paNa kahe che miffkha pUtAnyAtmavAmUl vinAnaH, tatra vaze moTuM va: zoka vaimanupasthati, jJAnInA jemAM (AtmAmAM) badhAM prANIo AtmarUpa thayAM che, (AtmAnuM) ekatva jonArane tyAM AtmAnI bAbatamAM) moha zo, zoka zo? (7 sarakhAvo hetaddofmahuM sarvachAMdogya upaniSada 6.15.3, AtmAtmA dyata..zvetAzvatara upaniSada-1.1.15). zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha jevA cAra zabdono ullekha pahelI vAra thayo che (3.4.128: tevA ullekho uparathI AgaLa jatAM jainadarzanamAM kaSAyano vicAra rUDha thayo che). sUtra 3.4.129mAM pharIthI ekatvanI vicAraNA karI che ke , nAga, se saa nAkhavuM. savyo sapasa nalthi mayaM (ja ekane jANe che te sarvane jANe che; sarvatra apramattane bhaya hoto nathI), te chAMdogya upaniSada 6.1.4 ( na mRtvadeva sarva mAM vijJAta cIta.. ityAdi) tathA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.4.5 (. mAtmA. draSTavya:...nizciAlitavya:...mAtma:...naina...vijJAnaH sarva vidritam) sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. zuchIMgane (vo.mapR.85) ne ane vahune..(3.4.129) nA arthamAM muzkelI paDe che. paNa ahIM ''eka'no artha AtmA" karavAno rahe che, ane te pUrvAparanA saMdarbhamAM yathArtha che. A sUtra, pUrva sadA vahudhA vanti (eka sane vidvAna bahuprakAre jaNAve che, ane paze tevo vahudhA nividaH, te mare tamu sarahuM(eka deva bahuprakAre rahyo che, tene bhartA, vaLI tene goptA kahe che. taittirIya AraNyaka 3.14) jevo Adeza Ape che. AvA pazyane (satya jonAra-samajanArane) koIpaNa upAdhi hotI nathI (3.4.131). zItoSNIyamAM tathAgata (3.3.124, uparAMta sUtrakRtAMga I, 2.2.18) ane mahAyAna (mahInAmAM 3.4.129) jevA zabdo bauddhadarzananI paribhASA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vaLI, sUtra 3.4 130 mAM kodhathI zarU karIne du:kha sudhInI anyonyanAM kAraNa-kAryanI hAramALA jevI zabdonI gUMthaNIne bauddhonA pratItyasamutpAdanA upadeza (-bhavajAti-duHkha-skaMdha, ityAdi) sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. zUbIMga vo. uparanI samIkSAmAM enTe loyamAne paNa A muddAnI noMdha karI che (Zin. 1929, pR.160). "tathAgata" zabda Arya bhASAno nathI evA che.je thomasanA maMtavyamAM zaMkA vyakta karI ke.Ara. normane te zabdanI ''sugata" zabdanA AdhAre vyutpatti darzAvI che (Journal of the Pali Text Society 15, pR. 154). AvA mudAonI phrAuvAlanare (I.5. 197-198) vistArathI carcA karI che. zItoSNIyamAM AvatI. krodha...duHkha sudhInA zabdonI hAramALA maulika ane bauddhadarzanathI svataMtra vikasI che. 6 1.4 AcAra-brahmacarya-samyakatva (AcAra 4, uddezo 1-4) lokaricaya adhyayanamAM sUtra 2.6.96 (fsayA naW...aUU/yaHi dhvati) dvArA zastraparijJA adhyayananuM sUcana thayuM che. A rIte zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM samaye nonasa nAnA (3.1.106) uparAMta nIsi nAga (3.1.106), vidrattAM , vaMtA tAlavi (3.1.111), to saMno (3.4.129) ityAdi vidhAno dvArA luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 11

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lokaricaya adhyayananI spaSTa asara jaNAya che. vaLI zItoSaNayamAM ''paryAya" (THvagata - 3.1.109), kALanI AkAMkSA rAkhanAra" ke ""jIvananI jhaMkhanA vagarano' (3.2.116, 3,4,129, juo AgaLa $ 1.6.2), "prANIonA prANa" (3.2.121), "loka-aloka-prapaMca" (3.3,127) jevI navI paribhASA jovA maLe che. (zastraparijJA ane lokaricaya adhyayano AvI paribhASAthI aparicita che.) paraMtu samyakatva nAmanuM cothuM adhyayana to zastrAparijJA adhyayananI paripakava bhUmikA upara racAyuM che. temAM varNana karavAnI eka navI rIta apanAvI che. enAM pUrvavartI adhyayanomAM aneka sthaLe "tti vefma'' (ema huM kahuM chuM), tathA "bhavatA. pavita'' (bhagavAne jaNAvyuM che, AcAra 1.1 , 1.2.13, 1.3.24, 1.4.35, 1.5.43, 1.6,51, 1.7.58) evuM jaNAvI, ""ame anagAra - bhikSu - chIe evo dAvo karatA 'DhoMgI' bhikSuo" ItyAdi varNano (AcAra 1.2,12, 1.3, 23, 1.4,34, 1.5.42, 1.6.50, 1.7. pa7) je rIte zarU thayAM hatAM tene ahIM judI rIte rajU karyA che, jema ke, e vefma - ne gayA...paDu patrA...sAmasI arahaMtA pArvato, saLe te vAvaravaMti...(ta huM kahuM chuM-je atIta-thaI gayelA-bhAvimAM AvanAra aheta. bhagavAna, te badhA Ama jaNAve che-4.1.132 - sarakhAvo uttarAdhyayana 3.45), bAvaMtI -gavaMtI norifsa samaya mAdA putro vivArtha vayaMti...sarve pa..haMtavya...3riya-vathameya. (keTalAye zramaNa ane brAhmaNa pRthapha vivAda kare che ke sarve jIvonI hiMsA karavI joIe...A anArya vacana che. 4.2.136, tathA juo 4.2.137). A pachInA sUtramAM 'Arya vacana" mATe "ame" (prathama puruSa bahuvacana, sarakhAvoH "tti veki" mAM prathamapuruSa eka vacana !) zabdathI koI judI ja vyakti vidhAno rajU kare che (vayaM-pu parva bAphaNAmo..bAriya vAya. 4.2.138). A adhyayanamAM AvatAM AvAM varNanonI zailI kaMIka navI lAge che. temAMya gAvaMtI -vaMtI thI zarU thatAM sUtro upara to pAMcamA adhyayana lokasAranI (5.1.147) spaSTa asara thaI che. vaLI, A uparAMta, samyakatvamAM jIvanA arthamAM prANajIva-bhUta-sattva (4.1.132-138) jANavAnA arthamAM daSTa-zruta-mata-vijJAta (4.1.133, 4.2.136, sarakhAvo 4.2.137-sarakhAvo bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.5.6 Atmani.daI mane vijJA - DhuM sarva vidvitama). kahevAnA arthamAM samAvaMti - mAsaMti - patraati - pati (4.1.132, 4.2.137-138), haNavAnA arthamAM hRthvI - prajJA vecavA - pariyettavya - riyA vecavA - 3yaglI (4.1.132, 4.2.136-138) jevA "zabdADaMbaro"no (cliche) anekavAra prayoga, tathA Asava-parisava ane zramaNa-brAhmaNa (4.2.134 juo AgaLa huM 1.8), saMsAra (4.2,134) jevA navA zabdo, vagerenA AdhAre ema kahI zakAya ke pUrvavartI adhyayanonI vicArasaraNI rajU karavAnI samyakatva adhyayananI rIta-zailI judI ja tarI Ave che. AkhuM zastraparijJA adhyayana samyakatvane paricita hatuM te bAbatanuM samyakatva adhyayanamAM paNa samarthana maLI Ave che. putraM niyasamaye (pUrvakAlIna cha nikAyanI vicAraNA-samaya, 4.2.139) jevA zabdothI samagra zastraparijJA adhyayanano ahIM ullekha thayo che (juo zUbIMga.vo.ma. pR.88, Ti.1. A rIte pariNa-vivene mAsikta (GzastraparijJAno viveka jaNAvyo cheH AcAra 5.3 159), parii-samaryAmi ( zastraparijJAnI vicAraNA-samayamAM AcAra I.16.801) jevAM AcArAMgamAM AvatAM vidhAnomAM zastraparijJA adhyayanano spaSTa saMdarbha darzAvyo hoya che. sUtrakRtAMgamAM paNa hiMsA-samaya (I.1.4.10aa.11.10) zabdathI zastraparijJAno nirdeza thayo che. jaina paraMparAe brahmacaryanA A cothA adhyayananuM nAma samyakatva kyA kAraNe rAkhyuM haze te A adhyayana uparathI spaSTa kahI zakAtuM nathI. samyaktva jaNAve che ke daSTamAtrathI - A lokathI - nirveda (khinna, virakta)-dazA pAmavI, saMsAranI upekSA karavI, ane lokeSaNA na rAkhavI (virdi nivyeya nakkenanA, no no sesane vare. 4.1.133.) te rIte lokaricaya adhyayanamAM paNa AnaMdathI (2.6.99 = 3.2.119) tathA AdAnathI ( karmothI 2.4.86) nirveda prApta karavAnuM vidhAna che. AvA vicAro vaidika sAhityamAM paNa prAya: zabdazaH maLe che. karmanA 12 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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samUharUpa lokanI parIkSA karIne brAhmaNe (saMsArathI) nirveda pAmavAnuM muMDaka upaniSadanuM vacana che ("rIphTa nona vatana brIhALo nirvamayAna 1.2.12). muMDaka upaniSada jaina-bauddha mata karatAMya prAcIna che ane tenI upara jaina-bauddhonI asara nathI tema herTala (pR.65-67) ane selaoNmena (pR.101-102) paNa jaNAve che. gItA (2.52) paNa moha dUra thatAM nirveda pAmavAnuM (ntAsi nirva..) jaNAve che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada jaNAve che ke - tamAtmAnaM viditvA brAhmaNAH...lokaiSaNAyAzca vyutthAya bhikSAcaryaM caranti...tasmAt...bAlyaM tuM pAMDityaM ca nividyAtha munaH mauna vAnIne 2 nirvitha brAhmaNa (te AtmAne jANIne brAhmaNo - brahmane jANanArA - lokeSaNAmAMthI chUTI jaI bhikSAcaryA - gRhatyAga - Acare che... tethI bALakabuddhi ane paMDitAIthI nirveda pAmIne munie, munitva tathA amunitvathI nirveda pAmIne brahma-jANanAra-brAhmaNa-thavuM joIe. 3.5.1). thImenA mate (pR.95) A upaniSadanA vicAro mULa prAcIna iza upaniSada 9-10 nA AdhAre vikasyA che. (mauna eTale "muninuM AcaraNa", AcAra cUrNi-pR.76 -paNa A ja artha jaNAve che.) sUtra 4.4.14pamAM (namsa asthi pure pachI matte tarasa Fo siyA - jene pahelAM ke pachI - jJAna - nathI hotuM, tene madhya-gALAmAM to kyAMthI hoya ?) AvatI tarkaprakriyAne mAMDUkya upaniSada - kArikAnI (vaitathya prakaraNa-6 : mAvAvane 2 yunnati vartananefpa tathA - je zarUAtamAM ane aMte nathI te vartamAnamAM paNa tema ja hoya che) tarka-prakriyA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya (vaLI juoH tejobiMdu upaniSada - aMtaryaddhi vahiM. satyamantAbhAve vahine 2. pa.28; vaLI sarakhAvo thI pure 2 pachI va. matte 2 vina, suttanipAta 35.para brahmacaryamAM rahI je samurabraya - zarIra - khaMkherI de che te vIra che - si...vIre ne dhuNAti samusUrya sattAM vaMdasi (4.4.143, juo 5.2.155, 6.2.183, 6.4.190). bauddha paribhASAmAM paNa samurabrayane zarIra kahyuM che (brahmacarya mATe juo zUbIMga vo.ma. pR.89). kaTha upaniSada paNa brahmacaryanuM mAhAbhya darzAve che (dA.ta. dvicchato brahmacarya vanti 2.15, vistAra mATe juo AgaLa $ 1.8). samyaktva adhyayanamAM koIvAra saMlekhanAno (AmaraNa anazana vrata) nirdeza maLe che. 4.3.141mAM potAne kasavuM ane jIrNa karI devuM ane jema jIrNa kASThane havyavAha (agni, vaidika yajJayAgAdikanI paribhASA !) bALI mUke che tema zarIra khaMkherI devuM, evo Adeza Apyo che. AnA saMketo lokaricaya adhyayanamAM (..dhULe mUsarIramAM 2.6.99 = 5.3.161) ane zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM (kAravI parivra 3.2.116, = uttarAdhyayana 6.14, navavaMtA goviye 3.4.129, juo 5.5. 166, sUtrakRtAMga- . 3.2.13, I.3.4.15, I,5.2.25) paNa maLe che. te rIte nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada paNa kALanI pratIkSA karavAnuM (nameva pratIkSeta 3.61) jaNAve che. jo ke brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM brahmacarya apanAvI saMsAratyAga karavAnA Adarza pratye vadhAre jhoka Apyo che, paraMtu koI koI sthaLe AmaraNa anazanano paNa ullekha thayo che, brahmacaryAnA dhUta ane vimokSa nAme adhyayanonAM mULa AvA anazananA ullekhomAM rahyAM che te viSe AgaLa (6 1.6. 1-2) vicAra karavAmAM Avaze. huM 1.5 AcAra-brahmacarya-lokasAra (AcAra 5, uddezo 1-6) brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanA pAMcamA adhyayana lokasAranuM bIjuM nAma AvaMtI che, kAraNa ke tenAM keTalAMya sUtronI zarUAta gavaMtI -gavaMtI (""keTalAka 5.1.147, 150; 5.2.15ra, 154; 5.3.157) jevA zabdothI thAya che. AvA prakAranI zarUAta AcAra 1.1.5,8mAM (yAvaMtI satrIvaMtI..) jovA maLe che. lokasAra sUtra 5.2.153 (..madhuvaM...vipariNAmadhumma) paNa AcAra 1.5.4panuM punarAvartana kare che. lokasAra adhyayananA pahelA sUtramAM loka-parAmarza ke teno sAra rajU karavAnuM sUcavyuM che. (.. soyaMsi viparImusaMtI..vipUramusaMtI. pa1-147) tenA AdhAre paNa A adhyayananuM nAma lokasAra rAkhyuM hoya. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 13

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zastraparijJA ane te pachInAM bIjAM adhyayanonI vicAradhArA sarvatra pracalita thaI gayA pachI, lokasAra adhyayananI vicArasaraNI lAMbA kALe prakAzamAM AvI lAge che. te zastraparijJA adhyayananA AdhAre vikasI che, temAM zastraparijJAno ullekha (..UiTI-vivene masi. 5.3.159, juo upara huM 1.4) paNa thayo che ane tenAM keTalAMka sUtro upara zastraparijJAnAM keTalAMka sUtronI (1.1.5,8 ane 1.5.45, upara juo) spaSTa asara thaI che. zastraparikSAnA vicAronI sAthe sAthe samagra lokasAramAM, ane khAsa to tenA cothA, pAMcamA ane chaThThA udezomAM navenavA bhikSavRtti apanAvatA (dIkSita thayelA) sAdhakane mArgadarzana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. tenI zarUAta to trIjA udezanA aMtima sUtrathI (..vaMta TU ...5.3.161) thaI che. navenavA bhikSue gAmegAma vihAra karatI vakhate keTalAka lokonA vicitra vyavahAra TALavA zuM karavuM, ane bhikSA levA jatAM kema vartavuM, vagere A badhA uddezomAM jaNAvyuM che. A udezonI paribhASA judI tarI Ave che; jema ke paMtaM tU..(5.3.161), rAmApuIM dUrUjhamANasa...,tafI-tapurI-tapurA...nartha vihArI...mamamaLe. sAmAne...(5.4.162, sarakhAvo 5.6.172). ityAdi. eNe potAnI iMdriyone saMsArasrotamAM (kAcabAnI jema) sarvatra saMkelI levI (5.5. 166). vaLI, 5.4.162mAM irSA samiti tathA pa.4.164mAM avamodarikA (anazana vratano eka prakAra), vagerenAM varNano ekadama daSTigocara thayAM che (sarakhAvo - uttarAdhyayana 24.8). uparAMta, karmakovida (5.1.151), vigraha ( zarIra, 5.2.152), zIla (5.3.158), jana (pa.4.164), yuddhArDa (pa.3.159), AgAriya ( gRhastha, 5.1.149), vagere jevA zabdo A adhyayanamAM navA che. tema chatAM paNa zastraparijJAnA vicAro lokasAra adhyayanamAM ThekaThekANe rajU thayA che. temAM jaNAvyuM che ke avidyAmAMthI chUTayA vagara jeo mokSanI vAta kare che (aNuvara vijJANa tamovaramAdu.) teo janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAyA kare che (5.1.151). baMdha ane mokSa manuSyanI aMdara ja che (vaMdhapAvaravo tunnatthava 5.2.155). mana iva manuSyanAM kAraNe vaMdholo: (maitrAyaNi upaniSada 4.11 : mana ja manuSyanAM baMdha ane mokSanuM kAraNa che). virata thayelo muni lAMbA kALa sudhI titikSA kare che (uttativara pa.2.1pa6), ane saMsAra-ogha tarI jAya che (5.3.16 1). munie vANI upara saMyama rAkhavo ane potAnAmAM surakSita rahevuM (vAre pasaMdhuDesUtrakRtAMga 1.2.2.12 mAMthI ahIM prakSipta) ane pApa tyajI devAM; A rIte munivRtti apanAvavI (5.4.165). sUtrakRtAMga paNa sarva saMgone choDI, sarva duHkho sahana karatAM a-saMsArI thavAnuM kahe che (1.7.28, I8.26, 51), sUtra 5.5.17) ane 5.5.171 - e baMne sUtro sthAna phera thayAM che, te baMnenuM yogya sthAna kadAca sUtra 5.5.166 pachI hoya ema zUchIMge sUcavyuM che (vo.ma. pR.95-Ta.7 ane pR.96). A sUtromAM vaidika vicAronAM darzana thAya che evI muni jaMbUvijaye paNa emanI AcAra-AvRttimAM noMdha karI che (sahya dutanA 'ta tvatti' ta vaivuiM prasiddha vAna sada vidheyA. AcAra pR.55, Ti.1). te sUtro jaNAve che: "sAce, tuM ja te che ke jene tAre haNavuM che tema tuM mAne che...te (maranAra athavA mAranAra) Rju ane pratibaddhajIvI (jIvaMta tattva) che. tethI tuM na haNanAra che, (ka) na haNAvanAra paNa che." (tuma si nAma te veva = daMtatraM ti mannasi...aMgU veyaM-paDivuddhanIvI. tAM haMtA na va thAyaT). AcAra 3.3.122mAM (bAtato vahayA pAsa. tI na haMtA na va thAya - AtmAthI - AtmarUpe - bahAra jo. tethI na to haNanAra che ke na haNAvanAra paNa che) paNa Avo ja Azaya spaSTa che (juo upara huM 1.3)15. kaTha upaniSada paNa kaMIka AvA ja zabdomAM Avo ja vicAra vyakta kare cheH dunnA regnanyate ituM hataze"Ite hata...nA 7 7 dRIte. haNanAra jo (AtmAne) haNavAnuM mAne ane haNAyelo jo (AtmAne) haNelo (haNAyelo) mAne...te haNato nathI ane haNAto nathI (kaTha upaniSada 1.19, sarakhAvo - OM dhatithati hRtti . gItA 2.21 vistAra mATe juo thImenI noMdha, pR. 97). lokasAra AgaLa jaNAve 14 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '5-jUna, 1995

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che ke je AtmA che te vijJAtA che. jenAthI te jANe che te AtmA che, te AtmavAdI.. kahevAya che (je mAyA se vinnIyA,...ne vijJAArU che gAya..usa mAvA..vihipa. 5.5.171). chAMdogya upaniSada (7.7.1) paNa kahe che ke romam 2 vijJAnenaiva vinAnAti (A lokane te vijJAnathI ja jANe che). lokasAra adhyayananA aMte (5..176) aupaniSada tattvajJAnanI parAkASThA darzAvatI vicArasaraNI vyakta thaI che, jema ke, "ahIM Agatigati jANIne vikhyAtamAM (=AtmatattvamAM) rAcelo te janmamaraNano mArga oLaMgI jAya che." (da...gaLepha nADuMmaraNamsa vaDumAM viSayara). "sarve maraNa (athavA janma-sara, athavA vANI-svara) nivRtta thAya che. tarka jayAM hotA nathI, tyAM mati grahaNa karatI nathI." (sane sA niyaphruti. takSA naW 7 vijJa, maruM taltha dayA). kaTha upaniSada jaNAve che ke gatavarya, naiSA tana matiepayA (2.9. eno tarka thaI zakato nathI. te mati tarkathI prApta thaI zakatI nathI.),-nAtki pravanena tathaH (2.22 = muMDaka upaniSada 3.2.3. A AtmA pravacanathI prApta thaI zakato nathI.) A AtmA iMdriyo ane manathI para che tevuM aneka upaniSado paNa jaNAve che (jema ke muMDaka upaniSada 3.1.8, 1.6 taittirIya upaniSada 2.4.1 = 2.9.1 = tejo biMdu upaniSada 20; kena upaniSada 1.3; uparAMta kaTha upaniSada 2.6.12, 90, bauddhadarzananA saMdarbhamAM juo zrADara pR.39-42). lokasAranuM A aMtima sUtra AtmatattvanuM varNana AgaLa calAve che: (mojI apUphAnasa ve) te ojasa - rAgadveSathI para - apratiSThAnanuM kSetrajJa che" hAkaranA mantavya mujaba vaidika paraMparAnA tapasvionA tapanA pariNAme teomAM dekhAtI e prakAranI tejasvitA sAthe ojasanI tulanA thaI zake. AcAra-brahmacaryamAM samyagudarzanavALA kSetrajJa mATe ojasa zabda teja-jayotinA arthamAM rUDha thayo lAge che (juo AcAra 6.5.196; 7.3.209, 210: 7.6.224. - sarakhAvo - AcAra |.16.800 . vimusi vikRti.. rukhamAM nati - agnithI zuddha rUpAnI jema vimukta zuddha thAya che...). "te (ojasa ? Atmatattva) dIrgha nathI-sva nathI,...lohita (lAla) nathI,...zIta nathI-uSNa nathI, snigdha nathI-zuSka nathI, nathI kAya (zarIra)-nathI bIjAMkura (), nathI saMga, nathI strI ke nathI puruSa ke nathI anyathA (bIjuM kAMI, napuMsaka?)" (se na tIde-ra haise, tohiNa....2 sI-1 3de, nikke- , ra 18-na de, saMge, ne rUsthI ne rise ne annadI. sUtra 5.6.176 cAla). lokasAranA A vicAro paNa upaniSadonA vicAro sAthe sAmya dharAve che. zvetAzvatara upaniSada ? (5.10) kahe che ke naiva strI ne pumAnepa vaivAya napuMsara (e-AtmA - strI nathI ke puruSa nathI ke e napuMsaka paNa nathI. sarakhAvo - tejobiMdu upaniSada 6.28 - strI ne yofSo vRddha cAra vitaMtunA - te strI nathI, yoSit (pariNItA, bAlikA) nathI, vRddhA nathI, kanyA nathI, vidhavA (paNuM) nathI (?), bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (3.8.8) - patadrakSa... adhUtam - anay - apUrvam - avIryam - gohitam - sada.. mAm - aram - anya... (te akSara tattva pUla nathI-aNu nathI, hRsva nathI-dIrdha nathI, lohita nathI, sneha (snigdha nathI, saMga nathI, rasa nathI, gaMdha nathI...) A AtmAne pANI bhajavAtuM nathI, vAyu sUkavato nathI (gItA 2.23,24). lokasAra Akhare jaNAve che ke "te pariza (badhuM jANanAra) ane saMjJamAM (saMjJA-svarUpa? yogya jANanAra) upamA nathI hotI. te rUparahita sattAmAtra che. te apadane (zabda ke sthAnathI para) pada nathI. te nathI zabda, nathI rUpa, nathI gaMdha, nathI rasa, nathI sparza, ema eTaluM ja. (parine sane 31mI ra vijJa. arUvI sattA, apakSa sthi. e na saMghe 1 rUpe, che, te rase, pAse, rUkyUyAvaMti - sUtra 5.6.176). kaTha upaniSada (3.15) paNa AtmAnuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke Atmatattva mazabda-3sparza-apa-arasa-mAnyatra-2 cata chAMdogya upaniSada (7.24.1) kahe che ke yatra naM-cat pati na-3maca-gRti...sa pUmAM (jyAM bIjuM joto nathI, bIjuM sAMbhaLato nathI te bhUmAM che.) . luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 15

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7 1.AcAra-brahmacarya - adhyayana 6-9. brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanAM 6 thI 9 adhyayanonAM viSayavastu prastuta saMzodhana lekhanA viSayathI judAM hovAne lIdhe te adhyayanomAMthI ahIM keTalIka jarUrI noMdha ja levAmAM AvI che. vaLI, dhUta nAme chaThThA adhyayana pachI AvatuM mahAparijJA nAme sAtamuM adhyayana zvetAMbara jaina paraMparA mujaba lupta thayuM che (juo bhaTTa 1987), tethI dhUtanI vicAraNA pachI vimokSa nAme AThamA adhyayananI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che. uparAMta, upadhAnazruta nAme navamA adhyayananuM viSayavastu (mahAvIranuM jIvanavRttAMta, ityAdi) to dhUta ane vimokSa adhyayanonAM viSaya vastu karatAMya vaLI taddana bhinna hovAthI tenI carcA-vicAraNAne A lekhamAM sthAna ApyuM nathI. huM 1.6.1. AcAra-brahmacarya-dhUta (AcAra-6, uddezo 1.5) dhUta adhyayananAM pUrvavartI adhyayanomAM dhULa mUsarI (2.6.99 = 5.3.161 ane 4.3.141) jevAM vidhAno uparAMta mRtyakALanI apekSA rAkhavAnuM jaNAvatAM keTalAMka vidhAno ( 1.4) Ave che. e badhAMnA AdhAre dhUta adhyayanamAM dhUta-viSaya (karma ke zarIra choDI devuM, saMsAratyAga, saMlekhana, I.) para bhAra mUkyo che, te tenA pahelA udezamAM AvatA dhUta zabda (6.1.181) uparathI spaSTa thAya che. A kAraNothI A adhyayananuM nAma dhUta rAkhyuM che. temAM rogonAM nAma gaNAvatA zloko (6.1.179) zloko 13-15 ane ma re..ritAvA : 6.1.180) sahitanAM sUtra 6.1.179 thI sUtra 6.1.181 sudhInA kula traNa sUtro prakSipta che (juo phUbIMgaAcAra pR.55). vaLI, "sattA kArdi mAgavA(6.1.18) sUtrapaMkti sUtra kRtAMga 1.1.6 sAthe, tathA sadiyAta... vayaMti (6.4.190) pada paMkti sUtrakRtAMga 1 13.2 samAMtara jAya che. dhUta adhyayananA bIjA tathA trIjA uddezomAM acela (6.2.184) ane nagna (6.2.185) uparAMta keTalAka sAdhuonAM vihAra, vastro, vagerenuM varNana Ave che. tenA cothA ane pAMcamA uddezomAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce evA koI vicAra nathI. tenI aMtima paMktiomAM (6.5.198) zarIra-bheda, kAya-vidhAta (navI ) ityAdi zabdothI saMlekhanAnuM sUcana thayuM che. tenAM ghaNAM sUtro keTalAMka adhyayanonAM sUtro sAthe samAMtara jAya che, te badhAMnI ahIM noMdha levI Avazyaka nathI, dA.ta. sUtro 6.3.187 (...mane nIlavaM...samafmanagiyA.) = 8 :-2.ra14,5.217, ra19;6.221223;7.226-227. sUtra 6.2.186 (te mAse puko...thayAse jJAti = 6.5.196) = AcAra 5.2.153, sUtra. 6.4.195 (...nikriyA paramesi .) = AcAra 5.6.173, sUtra 6.5.196 (saMti virati 3vasama nibbA) = sUtrakRtAMga I.1.15-mULa sUtrakRtAMga 3.4.19-20 mAMthI levAmAM AvyuM che (juo bole. 1 pR.139), sarakhAvo - zAMtiM nirvAnaparamAM...gItA 6.15. huM 1.6.2. AcAra-brahmacarya-vimokSa (AcAra 8, uddezo 1-8) - brahmacaryanA AThamA adhyayanamAM 4-7 udezonA aMte tathA udeza 8nA pahelA zlokamAM AvatA vimoDha zabdanA lIdhe A adhyayananuM nAma vimokSa rAkhyuM lAge che. (vimoha nAma vadhAre yogya lAge che !). temAM mahAvIra mATe "buddhizALI brAhmaNa" (mAhA mamatA 8.1.202, 8.2.208) ane ""AzuprajJa" (8.1.201 sUtrakRtAMga I6.7) jevAM nAma navAM che. tenA 2-7 gadyamaya uddezomAM bhikSuone (samA) saMbodhIne temanAM khAnapAna, vastra, va, viSayanuM varNana karyuM che. tenA padyamaya AThamA udezamAM (25 zloko) paNa A ja viSayanuM vivecana thayuM che (dA.ta. 8.6, 224, 8,7. 228). vimokSa adhyayanamAM saMlekhanA ke bhikSAnA niyamo saMbaMdhI je kAMI paribhASA yojI hoya (juo upara $ 1.4, 6 1.6.1) te sivAya itara navA zabdaprayogo paNa jovA maLe che, jema ke gupti (8.2.206), tapasvI (8.4.215) satya, satyavAdI (8.6.224, 8.7.228), nirjarA (8.8 zloka 5), kaSAya (8.7.228, 8.8 16 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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zloka 3) sarva - gAtra - nirodha (8.8 zloka 19), parISaha-upasarga (8.8.zloka 22), ityAdi. vaLI, 8.8. zloka 6 sutrakatAMga I.8.15 sAthe ane 8.8, zloka 24 sUtrakRtAMga I.1.2.12 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vimokSa adhyayananAM viSayavastu - sutro khUba astavyasta thaI gayAM che, chatAM paNa tenAM viSayavastunI samAMtara jatI vaidika vicArasaraNInAM eka-be udAharaNo ahIM khUba dhyAna kheMce evAM che sUtra 8.2.204 jaNAve che ke bhikSue zmazAne ke sUnA gharamAM ke vRkSa nIce ke parvatanI guphAmAM ke kAMI kuMbhAra-vAsa (ghara)mAM rahevuM ( fkhavaC..sukSatti vA sutrAsi vI mUrati vA ripusi vI mArato vI.= AcAra 9. 2. 279, uttarAdhyayana 2. 20; 35.6). paramahaMsaparivrAjaka upaniSada ane nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (3.86) paNa tevuMja jaNAve che ...yathA nirgrantho..zUnyAgAra...vRkSamUla-kulAlazAlA..girikuhara-kaMdara-koTara...sthaMDileSu teSu-aniketavAsya-prayatna...dehatyAgaM varati = jAbAla upaniSada 6 = bhikSuka upaniSada; vaLI sarakhAvo- mUtaM susAne vA zvetAne judAju vasuttanipAta 54.4). A badhAM upaniSadomAM saMlekhanAnuM ja varNana thayuM che (te saMdarbhamAM juo "dehatyA kSati' - "dehatyAga kare che" jevA zabdo!). uparAMta, vimokSa 8.8 zloka 4 (nIvirya nAma9MA para Lo vi patthara - jIvitanI icchA na karavI ane maraNa paNa na mAgavuM) sAthe nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 3. 661 (mRtyu 2 nAmanaMta gIvitaM vA ghaMghana...nAmata maraNaM namasaMveta nIvittama) sarakhAvI zakAya. 6 1.6.3. AcAra-brahmacarya-upadhAnazruta (AcAra 9, uddezo 1-4) tapa ke vrata jevAM dhArmika AcaraNa mATe upadhAna zabda vaparAya che. brahmacaryanA A chellA adhyayanamAM mahAvIre potAnA jIvanakALa daramiyAna sAdhelAM tapazcaryA, titikSA, dhyAna, vrato, bhikSAvihAra, ItyAdinuM varNana Ave che, tethI tene upadhAnazrata (ke upadhAnasUtra) nAma ApyuM che. A adhyayana saMpUrNa padyamaya (ArSa-AryA) racAyuM che, ane brahmacaryanAM badhAM adhyayanothI bhinna tarI Ave che. A adhyayana viSenA saMzodhanAtmaka vivecana mATe juo zUbIMga-AcAra pR.51, 59-63. ahIM tenuM vivecana yogya nathI. huM 1.7 AcAra-brahmacarya : vibhAga 1-2 brahmacaryanAM upara jaNAvelAM chellAM traNa adhyayanonAM viSayavastu (bhikSuonAM khAnapAna, vastra, ItyAdi) temanAM pUrvavartI 2-5 adhyayanomAM AvatAM zastraparijJAne anurUpa sAmAnya vivecanothI bhinna tarI Ave che. te badhAM temanAM pUrvavartI 1-5 adhyayano karatAM samayamaryAdAnI daSTie paNa "navAM" che, tevA saMketo kaMIka lokasAra adhyayanamAM ($ 1.5) paNa jovA maLe che. AthI, 1-5 adhyayano 6-8 adhyayano karatAM kaMIka prAcIna gaNAya. 6-9 adhyayanomAM vimokSa karatAM upadhAnazruta prAcIna gaNI zakAya. dhUta, vimokSa, jevAM adhyayanomAM maLatA bhikSuonI dainika caryA, vagere mATenA niyamo mahadaMze brAhmaNa paraMparAmAMthI apanAvavAmAM AvyA che. AvA viSayanA jaina AgamagraMtho upara zUbIMganuM pradAna mahatvanuM che. vaLI jainadarzanamAM saMlekhanA jevAM jaina tapa paNa brAhmaNa paraMparAnI asara nIce vikasyAM che te upara kUrta phaoNna kApatra (uber die sterbefasten...AmaraNa anazanavrata upara... hAmbarga 1929) ane meDama keyAnAM viziSTa pradAna thayAM che (Fasting Unto Death According to the Jaina Tradition Acta Orientalia 9499; qullgil uls lellacci Ritual Suicide...c 1 jarnala 1978, pR. 19-44). brahmacaryanAM 2-5 adhyayanomAM pahelA adhyayana zastraparijJAnI vicArasaraNIno Adarza laI jIva-AtmA, loka-saMsAra, karma parijJA ane mokSa jevA viSayonI carcA thaI che. te pachInAM 6-9 adhyayanomAM bhikSaonAM vihAra. caryA, nItiniyamo (adhyayano 6,8, mahAparijJA nAmanuM sAtamuM adhyayana lupta thayuM gaNAya che) tathA mahAvIranI caryA (adhyayana ) para vadhAre bhAra mUkyo che. AthI ApaNe samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhane be vibhAgomAM vahecI zakIe; vibhAga 1 (adhyayano 1-5) ane vibhAga 2 (adhyayano 6-9). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ]. { 17

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huM 1.7.1. AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1 nuM maulika tattvaciMtana uparyukta vivecananA AdhAre brahmacarya vibhAga 1 nA (adhyayana 1-5) vicAro saMkSepamAM nIce mujaba goThavI zakAya : (1) guNo-viSayo iMdriyone AkarSe che ane pApa karma tarapha dore che; pariNAme jIvane (AtmAne) bAMdhe che, tene janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAvuM paDe che (juo phrAuvAlnara 1,pR.110thI AgaLa). (2) tethI mana, vacana ane kAya dvArA adhyAtmamAM - aMtarAtmAmAM citta saMkelI (sthira thaI) pApa karmono tyAga karavo, (3) ane gRhatyAga karI, laukika vyavahAra tyajI dharmanuM AcaraNa karavuM, tathA AvI paDatA sarva sparzo sahana pharavA. (4) AthI A loka sAthe tene baMdhana (saMdhi-graMtha) rahetuM nathI, ane te saMsArathI mukta thAya che. brAhmaNa paraMparAnI vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAnane mahattva ApyuM che. te vicAro jaNAve che ke avidyA-ajJAnathI (AtmajJAnanA abhAve) jIvAtmAne saMsAranuM baMdhana rahe che. ene pariNAme te duHkha anubhave che, janmamaraNanA saMsAracakramAM pharyA kare che. paNa gRhatyAga karI - saMnyAsa svIkArI - rAgadveSAdi iMdriyonA viSayothI thatAM sukhaduHkha Asakti vagara sahana karavAM ane Atmarata AtmaniSTha rahevuM. AthI tene saMsAranuM baMdhana rahetuM nathI; tene mokSaprApti thAya che. vyaktigata jIvAtmAne keMdrIbhUta karatI AvI (microcosm) vicArapraNAlInI samAMtara cAlI AvatI vizvabrahmanI, samagra vizva brahma che evI (macrocosm) vicArapraNAlIe jIvAtmAnI vicArapraNAlImAM krAMti sarjI. pariNAme, te baMne praNAlIonA tAdAtmyathI - 'huM - jIvAtmA - brahma chuM" ke '"te-brahma huM chuM' - evA tAdAtmya jJAnathI jIvAtmA mukta thAya che, tevA vicAro pracalita thayA (juo phrAuvAlnara I. pR.72thI AgaLa, tathA hyuma-prakaraNa 5, pR.23-32, hAimAna pR.201-207). AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1mAM vizvabrahmanI vicArapraNAlI (macrocosm) maLatI nathI, paNa jIvAtmAnI vicArapraNAlI (microcosm) hatI te uparyukta vivecanothI spaSTa thAya che. paraMtu temAM pApakarmanI-zastranI parikSAjJAna-vivekane mahattva ApyuM che. guNo-viSayothI jIvAtmA AkarSAya che ane pariNAme baMdhana (saMdhi) anubhave che. uttarakAlIna jainaAgamomAM saMdhi-graMthi zabdanuM sthAna yoga zabde lIdhuM. 18 ] - mahAvIranA samayamAM dharmanA nAme aneka pApakarmo thatAM hatAM. mahAvIre te dUra karavAnI prAthamika pharaja samajI ane pApakarmono-hiMsAno virodha karyo. Ama, ahiMsAne mahattva ApatAM mahAvIre AtmatattvanA jJAnanI carcA pratye lakSya na ApyuM (buddhe paNa te rIte Atmatattva pratye upekSA darzAvI hatI), paNa pApakarmanA vivekane-parikSAne prAdhAnya ApyuM. emAM jIvAtmAnI muktino prazna paNa ukalI jato hato. brAhmaNa vicAradhArA ane brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM dhyeya - Atmamukti samAna che, eka ja che; paNa baMnenA vicAronA phalaka judA che, brAhmaNa vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAna, brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM pApa karmanuM jJAna - zastraparijJA. mahAvIre alobhathI lobha jItavAno ane anAyAse -svayaM phaLIbhUta thatI kAmanAone paNa grahaNa nahIM karavAno Adeza Apyo (AcAra 2.1.71). tevA jIvAtmAne harSa paNa nathI ke krodha paNa nathI (2.2.75). tenAM karmo upazamyAM che (2.6.97). hiMsA karavA chatAM (2.6.103) te tenAthI lepAto nathI (2.1.74, 2.5.89). tene teno '"rAga" thato nathI (2.6.98). upaniSado paNa kahe che ke titikSu pApakarmathI lepAto nathI (dA.ta. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada, 4.428, sarakhAvo chAMdogya upaniSada, 4.14.3, 5.10-10, taittirIya upaniSada, 2.9; juo upara huM 1.2). AvAM vidhAno pAchaLa koI adharma-AcaraNano Azaya hoto nathI (juo pAula-hAkara. Topos. pR. 396-397). vaLI, AcAra. 2.1.71 jaNAve che ke karma svayaM baMdhana karatuM nathI, paNa tenI pAchaLa rahelA guNo [ sAmIpTa : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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viSayo (kAma, lobha, va.) baMdhana kare che. guNo karmanuM mULa che; te AvartanuM punarjanmanuM mULa che (sarakhAvo - AcAra 1.5.41; 2.1.63; 2.2.69; 3.1.111). mana, vANI ane kAyane bahirmukha thatAM rokI-AMtaramAM saMkelI laI, sarva gAtrono virodha karI je kAMI viSayasparzathI sukhaduHkhano anubhava thAya te sahana karatA rahevuM (AcAra 8.8.246-247 = zloka 18-19), AvI ja prakriyA mahAvIre paNa apanAvI hatI (juo 8.8.240 zloka 12). brahmacaryanuM trIjuM adhyayana zItoSNIya paNa jaNAve che ke AtmaprAptithI du:khamukta thavAya che (3.3.126). A vyakti parizAtakarma, kSetrajJa, naiSkarmadarzI (3.2.115, 4.4.145), paramadarzI, Atmavida (3.1.107), Atmagupta (3.2.123), AtmasamAhita (4.3.141), Atmoparata (4.4.146) ane vimukta che. iMdriyo ''gupta'" ke ''saMvRta'" thatAM te vyakti duHkhamAMthI chUTI jAya cheH tene pachI bIjI ko I sAdhanAnI AvazyakatA hotI nathI, (3.2.126). sUtrakRtAMga paNa jaNAve che ke mattattANu pariva (1.3.3.7 = I.11.32, juo bolle II.pR.115)-te AtmArthe saMsAra tyaje che, te AtmArthe saMvRta thayo che (sUtrakRtAMga II.2.29). te upazAMta che, parinivRta che, tene itara kAMI karma rahetuM nathI. brahmacaryanI ane vizeSa to tenA vibhAga 1nI (1-5 adhyayano) vicAraprakriyAmAM sarvAMgasUtratA ke akhaMDitatA jaLavAI nathI, paNa te tUTaka dazAmAM maLe che. kAraNa ke mULe brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanAM ghaNAM sUtro khaMDita ane astavyasta che; teonA gadyAMza ke padyAMza ekameka thaI gayA che ane temanI goThavaNI kaMIka kramabaddha paNa nathI. emAM maLatAM pApakarmo, asakti, nirlepa, nairya vagere jevAM vidhAno upaniSado, mahAbhArata ke gItAnI karma, Asakti ane rAganI vicArasaraNI vyakta kare che. AcAra brahmacaryanI AvI jIva, karma ane lokanI vicArasaraNI tatkAlIna avikasita dazAnA lokadharmanA vicAromAMthI UtarI AvI hoya ema lAge che. AcArAMga pachInAM keTalAMka AgamomAM paNa AcAra brahmacaryanI AvI vicAradhArAnA dRSTigocara thatA keTalAka aMzono kaMIka paricaya AgaLa ApavAmAM Avyo che. SS 1.7.2. muktAtmAnI sthiti - vaidika ullekha hAnsa peTara zmIddhe jaina paraMparAmAM mAnya muktAtmAnI sthiti ane tenAM AdimULa vaidika paraMparAmAMthI zodhyAM che (juo upara pA.TI.2.). prastuta saMzodhana lekha prAcIna jaina Agamo pUrato maryAdita hovA chatAM muktAtmAnI sthitino A Akho muddo taddana navo ane amArA A lekhanA uddezya sAthe saMvAdita thato hovAthI ahIM tenuM vivaraNa upakAraka ane Avazyaka gaNAze. chAMdogya upaniSadamAM ghora AMgirasanuM tattvadarzana (3.17.1-7) buddha ane mahAvIranA astitva pahelAMnuM ane atiprAcIna che. te karma ane Atmattattva viSenA vicArothI hajI aparicita rahyuM lAge che. temAM pahelI vAra ahiMsA eka navA siddhAMtarUpe dRSTigocara thAya che. temAM pitA putra rUpe janme che evA zatapatha brAhmaNanA vicAronI asoSTA iti, punarutpAdana puSTi karatAM chAMdogya upaniSada (3.17.5) jaNAve che ke - sauti mevAsya; te soma savana karaze (= tenI patnI prasava karaze), teNe soma savana karyuM (= tenI patnIe janma Apyo). e ja teno punarjanma che.' ahIM zleSano prayoga karI sovRti - asoTTA no mULa artha aspaSTa (avyakta) kema rAkhyo haze te samajavuM muzkela che. vaLI, te AgaLa jaNAve che ke gaviyAsa va sa vamUtra, sonavAyAmetat trayaM prativadyuta. akSitamatti, adyutamasi. prANasaMzitamasIti. ''te tRSArahita thayo (mukta thayo). mRtyuveLAe te A traNa pAme cheH 'tuM akSaya che', 'tuM acyuta che' 'tuM prANanA - jIvananA - zikhare che" (juo atharvaveda 3.19.). AnA samarthana mATe RgvedanI be RcAo paNa ApI che, kemake jyoti Ad it pratnasya retaso, pazyanti vAsaram paro thavuM dhyate vivi (Rgveda 8-6-30) 'teo purAtana retasamAMthI janmelI prAtaHkAlIna jyoti jue che, je diva (AkAza)mAM sAme pAra prajvaLI rahI che.'' (= sAmaveda 1.2.10). '' luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] Jain Educationa International = - For Personal and Private Use Only [ 19 www.jalnelibrary.org

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ud vayaM tamasaspari jyotiruttamam - iti - jyotiruttamam jyotiH pazyanta uttaram - suvaH pazyanta uttaraM devaM devatrA sUriyam aganma kRtti. (Rgveda 1,50.10) '"ame, UMce tamasanI pAra-uttara (vadhu uttara (vadhu UMco) prakAza nIhALatA devonA deva sUryane - uttama (sauthI UMcI) jyotine prApta thayA. uttama jyotine prApta thayA.''19 UMcI) jyoti nIhALatA ghora AMgirasanA mate RgvedanI A baMne RcAomAM mokSanuM sthAna '"pratnaretasa'" che. te samagra vizvanuM AdikAraNa che, mULa tattva che. hAinarIza lyUDarse (juo varuNa.." gyoTIMgana 1959) tene Rta sAthe sarakhAvyuM che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadamAM vaLI tene hiraNmayapAtra (=sUrya) kahyuM che - jemake, himayena pAtra" satyasthApihita munnum (5.15.1 == Iza upaniSada 15- ''suvarNapAtrathI satyanuM mukha DhaMkAyeluM che"). - aMtakALa najIka Avyo hoya evI vyaktio samakSa prArthanAmAM paNa RgvedanI uparyukta be RcAonuM uccAraNa karavAmAM Ave che, jethI te vyaktine mukti maLe ema manAya che. A retasa AkAza maMDaLathI - divathI paNa 52 che, ane uttama che. te Rta che. te prANa-saMzita che, jIvananA sauthI UMcA zikhare che. mokSanI AvI sthitimAM mukta jIvAtmA saMpUrNa rIte RtamAM otaprota thaI jAya che ke tenuM juduM astitva TakI rahe che, teno nirNaya karavo muzkela che (vistAra mATe juo zmIta upara pA.TI.2 : pR. 652654) - A saMdarbhamAM AcAra-brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM maLI AvatAM mukta jIvAtmA saMbaMdhI keTalAMka vidhAno tapAsI zakAya; jemake ''muktAtmA dyutimAnanuM kSetrajJa che'' (8.3.209). aMtakALe mokSanI abhilASA rAkhanArane mokSa prApti thAya che tevA AzayanA vicAro paNa brahmacaryamAM maLe che, jema ke ghekha AtuM nAva zarIramevo (jIva zarIrathI chUTe tyAM sudhI kALanI AkAMkSA rAkhavI. 6.5.198), re paDyuM naMti nAva Mti nIvita (parathI para prApta kare che ane jIvananI AkAMkSA rAkhatA nathI 3.4.129), makhALa saMpehA dhULe zarIra (eka AtmAne nIrakhIne zarIra khaMkherI devuM-choDI devuM 4.3.141.). nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (3.61) paNa kahe che ke tameva pratIkSeta yAvadAyu samApyate (AyuSya pUruM thAya tyAM sudhI kALanI ja rAha jovI), ane gItA (8.5) jaNAve che ke aMtAle 2 mAmetra smaran muvA tevaram...! jainadarzanamAM Arya aMtima AkAMkSAne nidAna kahe che. 20 ] - mokSanuM ke muktAtmAnI (siddha jIvAtmAnI) sthitinuM saLaMga spaSTa varNana prAcIna jaina AgamomAM maLatuM nathI. te phakta uttarakAlIna vikaselA AgamomAM ja, ane te paNa koI cAlI AvatA varNanonA saMdarbhamAM-gauNarUpe tUTaka tUTaka maLe che, je bhAgye saMkalita karI zakAya che. AvAM varNanomAMthI mokSa ke muktAtmA viSenA vicAronuM ahIM samIkSAtmaka vivecana karavuM Avazyaka nathI . paNa te uparathI saMkSepamAM kahI zakAya ke jaino muktAtmAne siddha kahe che (A zabda AcAra-brahmacaryamAM maLato nathI.). siddhAvasthAmAM jIvo iSIpakbhAra (iSatprabhAra - ''jarAka AgaLa') nAme siddhakSetramAM rahe che (uttarAdhyayana 36.57-58thI AgaLa) samavAyAMga 21mAM tenAM bAra nAmo gaNAvyAM che, temAM A siddhAlaya ke siddhakSetranuM aMJaka nAma brahma che (juo zUdrIMga SS 187). jaino tene iSIpakbhAra (iSat-prabhAra-''vizvathI jarAka AgaLa''-''logra'", sarakhAvo aupapAtika SS 169 = uttarAdhyayana 36.57, juo uttarAdhyayana 23. 81-85) kahe che. mukta jIvAtmAnI sthiti koI dhAma vizeSamAM hoya che tema upaniSado paNa mAne che. teo koIvAra tene eka ''pada'-sthAna tarIke jaNAve che (kaTha upaniSada 1.3.8), koIvAra ''viSNunA paramapada' tarIke (kaTha upaniSada 1.3.9), to. koIvAra ''brahmapura' tarIke (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.1.5), to ghaNIvAra ''brahmaloka' tarIke teno ullekha kare che. aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAM muktinA dhAmarUpa brahmaloka, ane jainonA siddhakSetra - iSIpakbhAra - e baMnnenAM khAdimULa ghora AMgirasanA tattvadarzanamAM ke te saMdarbhamAM ullekhelI RgvedanI RcAomAM maLe che. Jain Educationa International [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 For Personal and Private Use Only

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muMDaka upaniSadamAM maLI AvatA muktAtmAnI sthiti viSenA vicAro ane jaina darzanamAM maLatA tevA vicAronI kAMIka tulanA karavA herTIle, tathA mArkasa myulara (SBE 15, pR.27), vilibAlDa kila (Kosmographic der Inder "bhAratIo vizvaracanA vidhAna" pR.5, 210, 306), helyutha phona glAsanappa (Die Lehre von Karman "karmano siddhAMta" pR.105) tathA heramAna yAkobI (umAsvAtinuM tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, pU.323) ityAdie prakAzita karelA uttarakAlIna, vikasita paristhitinA jaina graMthono AdhAra lIdho che, paNa prAcIna jaina Agamono (AcAra , sUtrakRtAMga , ityAdi) AdhAra lIdho nathI. heTele uThAvelA mudAnuM ane te AdhAre rajU karelAM keTalAMka vidhAnonuM AjanI saMzodhana paristhitinI apekSAe kaMIpaNa mUlyAMkana karI zakAya nahIM. A saMdarbhamAM selomananA (pR.101-103) vicAro khAsa noMdhavA yogya che. 7 1.8 brahmacarya zrutaskaMdha - keTalAka viziSTa muddA para prakAza 7 1.8.1. lokabhApa - mahAvIra ane buddhanA janma pahelAM - I.sa. pUrve pamI-6ThThI sadIthI paNa prAcIna prAkRta lokabhASAomAM paNa dharma ane nItiniyamonA vicAro vikasyA hatA. tenA keTalAka aMzo mULa jAtakakathAo ane dhammapadomAM (I.sa.pU.8-7mI sadI?) jaLavAyA che. e vicAromAM vaidika vicAronI asara paNa svAbhAvika hatI. vaidika vicAradhArA A samaya daramiyAna madhyabhAratathI pUrvabhAratamAM pracalita thaI cUkI hatI (juo AgaLa muddo 9). A prakAranA sAhityanA lekhaka ke vicAro phelAvanAra vyaktio koNa haze e viSe koI nakkara saMketo ke itihAsa maLato nathI. AmAMnI keTalIka jAtakakathAone jainasvAMga ane bauddha svAMga ApI prAcIna jaina-bauddha zAstromAM vaNI lIdhI che, te viSaya ahIM prastuta nathI (vistAra mATe juo Alsado-AryA...)21. paraMtu te samaye lokasamAjamAM tevA vicArono pracAra karavAnuM zreya to (buddha ane) mahAvIrane jAya che. brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanA vibhAga 1 mAM daSTigocara thatA AvA maulika vicAro mahAvIranI janmabhUmi pUrvabhAratathI madhyabhArata sudhI phelAtA ekAda be sadI vItI gaI haze. huM 1.8.2. mahAvIra, vicAra-pravartaka : AcAra brahmacaryanA vibhAga 1mAM (adhyayana 1-5) dharmanI ke AtmatattvanI taddana sahaja rIte vicAraNA raju thaI che. te vicAro hajI koI vyakti vizeSanA (dA.ta. mahAvIranA) nAme caDhayA nathI. bahu bahu to vIra (mahAvIranA arthamAM nahIM !, dA.ta. 2.5.85), Arya (dA.ta. 2.5.89, 4.2.137) ke evA keTalAka sAmAnya zabdaprayogothI vicAra vinimaya thayo che. ahIM tema ja anyatra jaina Agama graMthomAM koI koI sthaLe se/tti vaimi (ema huM kahuM chuM...)ke mAvayA padya (rijI paDyA - bhagavAne jaNAvyuM che - parijJA jaNAvI che, dA.ta. 1.1.7, 1.7.58, 2.5.89) jevA prayogo A saMdarbhamAM mahattvanA nathI. jaina Agama graMthonI traNa-cAra vAra thayelI vividha vAcanAo daramiyAna paNa tevA sudhArAvadhArAne sthAna ApyuM hatuM; te bhASAzAstrIya jevI ane anya saMzodhana prakriyAthI siddha thaI zakayuM che. 2 AcAra 2.6 101mAM sau prathama vAra AvatA nANa (jJAta, nyAya) zabdamAM mahAvIranA jJAtA kuLanuM sUcana thatuM hoya ema lAge che, ane te zabda mahAvIranA nAmanuM sUcana kare che. paraMtu ahIM AsapAsanA saMdarbhamAM te zabda nyAyanA arthamAM yogya lAge che. uparAMta, tameva savaM nIsaM$ = nahiM paDyuM (5.5.168 - je jinoe jaNAvyuM che te ja sAcuM ane zaMkArahita che, zUbIMga-vo.ma.pR.95- jina zabda eka vacanamAM lIdho che te ayogya che!). A AkhuM sUtra ahIM prakSipta lAge che. kAraNa ke, A prAcIna samayamAM mahAvIra mATe jina zabda hajI astitvamAM nahoto Avyo, ane 24 tIrthakaronI kalpanA ke sAMpradAyika bhAvanA paNa nahotI janmI tyAM ghaNA jinoe jaNAveluM ja sAcuM..." evA bhAvanuM A sUtra prakSipta che ane asthAne che. (sarakhAvo "jinazAsana", sUtrakRtAMga I.3.4.9). vaLI dhUta adhyayanamAM (savA vIre mArAme paramenA pa.6.173 = mULa 6.4.195, vIre haMmezAM AgamathI-jJAnathI vicaravuM joIe) AvatA Agama zabdano artha ''zAstra' nahIM, paNa ""jJAna" thAya luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 21

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che (sarakhAvo - Agama = sarvajJoe jaNAvelo AcAra/upadeza, AcAra-zIlAMka pR.153,169,tathA zUbIMga vo.ma. pR.96) Ama. brahmacarya vibhAga 1 mAM adhyayanomAM kayAMya mahAvIranuM nAma maLatuM nathI ke sUcita thatuM nathI. samagra dRSTi biMduonA saMbaMdhathI ema kahI zakAya ke tatkAlIna keTalAka vicAra pravartakomAM mahAvIra paNa eka hatA, ane te vicAra brahmacarya-vibhAga 1mAM kaMIka saMkalita thayA che. A vicAro navA na hatA, paNa tenI rajUAta navI hatI. (ahIM e paNa noMdhavA yogya che ke samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM ''buddhi" zabdano prayoga maLato nathI !). samayanA pravAhanI sAthe sAthe brahmacarya vibhAga 1 nA vicAronA AdhAre uttarottara vRddhi pAmatA itara vicAro paNa mahAvIranA nAme caDhAvavAmAM AvatA gayA, jethI te vicAronI paNa vibhAga 1nA vicAro jeTalI ja prAcInatA, prANabhUtatA ane mahattva lAgyA kare. AnA kAMIka saMketa ApaNane brahmacaryanA vibhAga 2mAM maLe che. ahIM prathama jJAta (kuLanA putra tarIke vimokSa adhyayanamAM (8.8.240, zloka 12) tathA upadhAnazrutamAM (9.1.263, zloka 14, be vAra) mahAvIranuM nAma sUcita thayuM che. ahIMyAM tema ja anyatra paNa mahAvIra mATe brAhmaNa (8.1.202, 8.2.208, ane upadhAnazrutanA dareka udezanA aMte, uparAMta sarakhAvo - sUtrakRtAMga 3.9.1; 4.11.1; uttarAdhyayana 28.11) ane koIvAra zramaNa (dA.ta. upadhAnazruta 9.1. zloka 1) zabdano prayoga karyo che. brAhmaNa (brahmane jANanAra, uttarakAlIna vaidika karmakAMDa ke yajJayAgAdika sAthe joDAyelI brAhmaNa varNanI koI vyakti nahIM !) ane zramaNa zabda paryAyavAcI che.6 A vicAro vyaktivizeSanA nAme caDhatA gayA temAM bhAvi sAMpradAyikatAnAM mULa rahyAM che ema kahI zakAya. 4 1.8.3 satya - parama tattva : jaina AgamomAM pAMca mahAvratonI paribhASAmAM satya nAmanuM vrata vizeSa mRSAvAdaviramaNanA nAmathI paricita che; satya zabdathI tenuM varNana bhAgye ja koI sthaLe dRSTigocara thAya che. AcAra-brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM satya zabdano vizeSaNa tarIke prayoga thayo che (dA.ta. te sanvaM, savvavArI sop tiLe...te satya che, satyavAdI zoka tarI gayo che; 8.7.224 = 8.7.228) u5rAMta - jyAM ''bhASA''-samitinI carcA hoya tyAM aneka vAra satyano prayoga thayo che. tema chatAM brahmacaryanA vibhAga 1mAM eka tattva tarIke thayelo satya zabdano viziSTa prayoga bhinna tarI Ave che; jemake sabvammi dhirUM bA (satya - tattvamAM dhRti karo; satyatattvane vaLagI raho, 3.2.117). sattvameva samaminAAti savvasa gALAC nA mehAvI mArga tarapha (satyane ja oLakha, satyanA jJAne - AdezathI upasthita medhAthI mRtyu tarI jAya che. 3.3.127), tathA ...bAbovavA...loLa vedamALA,...saisi parivinirdiSu,.......Atmoparata...lokanI upekSA karatA...satyamAM sthira rahyA,...4.4.146. ahIM satya = Rta, juo zIlAMka-AcAra pR.130). sUtrakRtAMgamAM paNa sattva tatha re'vamaM (I.2.3.14), AcAra 5.6.168 (tameva sakhkhuM...) kSepaka che tenuM upara vivecana karyuM che. upaniSadomAM satya tattvanuM varNana kAMI A rItanuM che :- tasya haiM vA tasya pradhaLo nAma satyamiti (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.5.4), tasya 3nivat - satyasya samiti, prALA vai satyaM teSAmeLa satyam (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.1.23 = maitrAyaNi upaniSada 6.32 = zatapatha brAhmaNa 14.5.1.23; zatapatha brAhmaNa 14.5.3.11 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.3.11). ahIMyAM '"satyanuM satya" eTale vyavahAra-avasthAnA satyathI 52 evuM 5ramArtha-avasthAnuM satya; jene zvetAzvatara upaniSadamAM (9.3) tattvanuM paNa tattva kahyuM che. uttarakAlIna vaidika sAhityamAM satya ane RNI paryAyavAcI gaNAtA.24 huM 1.8.4. brahmacarya ane brahmavida : AcAranA pahelA zrutaskaMdhanuM nAma brahmacarya paNa vaidika vicAradhArAmAMthI UtarI AvyuM che. prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM brahma yajJa ke uttama tattvanA arthamAM vaparAto, ane uttarakAlIna sAhityamAM brahmacarya zabda brAhmaNa-kSatriya 22 ] [ sAmIpTa : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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vaizyonA jIvanakALamAM prathama vidyArthIjIvananA Azrama - brahmacarya-Azrama-tarIke rUDha thayo. tenA mULamAM kAma ke ratinA saMyamano artha samAyelo che. Ama, brahmacarya zabda traNa artha sUcave cheH (1) brahma ke uttama tattvamAM caryA, (2) brahmacarya-Azrama vidyAbhyAsa, dIkSA ane (3) kAma-rati-saMyama. paraMtu keTalAka loko brahmacarya-AzramanI maryAdA pUrI karI gRhasthI jIvana jIvavuM pasaMda nahIM karatAM, A jIvana brahmacarya apanAvatA. temAM uttama tattvamAM caryA-AcaraNakaravAno temano mukhya Azaya hato (vistAra mATe - hekTaramAna-samAvartana, ane bhaTTa - 1995 prakaraNa 2). jaina AgamomAM brahmacaryanA kAma-rati-saMyama jevA arthane pAMca mahAvrato pUrato maryAdita karI tene maithunaviramaNanI navI saMjJA ApI. paraMtu brahmacarya-Azrama ane AjIvana brahmacaryano koI paryAya vizeSa muzkela hato, tethI te saMjJAo te ja arthamAM yojAtI gaI. teno gauNa artha vidyAbhyAsa ityAdi, ane mukhya artha AjIvana brahmacarya-anagAra jIvana athavA agRhasthI ke muninuM jIvana. temAM maithuna-viramaNanuM vrata pAlana samAI jAya che. pahelA zrutaskaMdha - brahmacaryano artha have spaSTa che, temAM AjIvana brahmacarya uttama tattva brahmamAM AcaraNa karavAno mukhya artha che. brahmacarya vibhAga - 1mAM jaNAvyuM che ke sattA vaMmati ..(brahmacaryamAM - AjIvana - vAsa karIne ... 4.4.143=2.187=6.4.190, sarakhAvo 5.2.115) . AcAracaNi. (pR. 150, 170, 209, 229) ahIM brahmacaryano kAma-rati-saMyama jevo artha kare che te ati-saMkucita artha che. chAMdogya upaniSada jaNAve che... atha zrImanyAvakSate vraryameva ta, vrahAna haivAtmAnAvadya manute...(jene muninuM AcaraNa kahe che te brahmacarya ja che, brahmacaryathI ja AtmAne pAmIne te vicAre che; 8.5.2, brahmacaryanA AvA artha mATe chAMdogya upaniSada 8.4 ane 8.5 juo !). uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM brahmacarya zabda jainaAgamonA abhyAsakALanI sthiti vidyArthI-Azrama) pUrato maryAdita karyo ane koIvAra na chUTake saMyama, tapa ke cAritrAnA arthamAM ghaTAvyo (juo AcAra-cUrNi pR. 150, 170, 209, 229, zIlAMka-AcAra pR. 6, 129, 139, 160, 167). vaLI, brahma tattvane je jANe che tene upaniSadomAM brahmavida kahe che, jemake brahmavidvAnoti param (taittirIya upaniSada 2.1 "brahmavida para ttattva-pAme che"), hai vize vitavya-ti 2 ja var draviro vanti (muMDaka upaniSada 1.1.5- "be vidyA jANavI joIe ema je brahmavidoe jaNAvyuM che';ane ""brahma jANanAra brahma thAya che". muMDaka upaniSada 3.2.9). zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM paNa kahyuM che ke, te AvI. vI. naMkhavI paUTTIf TkharUM (rU. 1.107, te Atmavida-vedavida-brahmavida prajJAnathI lokane saMpUrNa jANe che, sarakhAvo bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3.7.1, juo huM 1.3, ahIM viTu ne badale - vata pAThAntara yogya nathI. (juo zabIMga-vo.ma.pR.81, Ti 3). brahmavida zabda AcArAMgamAM phakta ahIM ja vaparAyo che. zIlAMkane ahIM brahma zabdano a kalaMka,-vikala vinAnuM yogi-zarma-yogIono Azraya yogIonuM sukha, pR.103) judo karavo paDayo che! kAraNa ke brahma zabda eka uttama tattvanA arthamAM brAhmaNa vicAradhArAmAM pracalita thayo che. jaina AgamomAM brahmavida zabda kayAMya bIje vaparAyo nathI ! paraMtu, brahmavida zabda upaniSadomAM ghaNIvAra Ave che. 7 1.8.5. vedavida : uparyukta vivecanamAM ApaNe joyuM ke zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM (3.1.107) Atmavida ane vedavida zabdo paNa yojAyA che. vaLI, 4.4.145 jaNAve che ke pati viya vahi va soyaM nimnavaMtI rUda maLyuM -- sataM drazULa to ninnArU vecavI (marya-manuSyomAM naiSkaNvadarzI vedavida bAhya saMsAra pravAha chedI, karmane pariNAma jANI temAMthI chUTI jAya - virAma pAme che, juo AcAra-cUrNi pR.1para), ane 5.4.163 paNa kahe che ke pUrva se apUNA vivevaM kiTTara vecavI (Ama te vedavida apramAdathI vivekanuM kIrtana kare che). tathA GHvakRmeyaM tu pedA stha vinna vecavI (5.6.174, e Avarta - punarjanma jANIne emAMthI vedavida aTake). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 23

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brAhmaNa paraMparAnA sAhityamAM vedavida jevA zabdaprayogamAM Avato veda zabda saMdarbha-anusAra bhinna bhinna arthamAM yojAya che, jemake (ba) graMthaparaka, veda ke vaidika RcAonI saMhitAnA arthamAM, yajJayAgAdika karmakAMDanI vidhiparaka. ahIM vedavida eTale vedanI RcAonA ke tenA vinimayano jANakAra. A artha vaidika viSayavastune anulakSIne che ane temAM sAcesAca vedonA adhyayananI apekSA rahe che. (vaparama tattva-brahmamAMthI sarjAyeluM apauruSeya-alaukika rahasyamaya zAstra (sarakhAvo..3 mato mUtani:sidya-trave...35niSaH... ""A mahAna bhUtanAM - brahmanAM Rgvada...upaniSado niHzvAsa che' bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.4.10, juo zAstronitthAt brahmasUtra 1.1.3 uparanuM zAMkarabhASya). ahIM vedavida eTale AvA rahasyamaya zAstrane paNa jANI zakanAra, sarvajJa, medhAvI, muktAtmA. prAcIna upaniSadomAM vedavida zabdaprayoga javalle ja jovA maLe che (phakta bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3,7.1., juo upara). ahIM A artha (ga) mAM jaNAvelA arthathI svataMtra vikasyo che. (4) sAmAnya arthamAM, AtmA ane sRSTi saMbaMdhI gaMbhIra ane rahasyamaya vicAro dharAvatuM aupaniSada jJAna, ahIM vedavida eTale tattvajJa, AtmajJAnI, brahmajJAnI. Avo artha (va)mAMthI vikasyo lAge che. ane nitAMta dArzanika vicArasaraNInA saMdarbhamAM yojAyo che ahIM vedonA adhyayananI apekSA nathI. vaLI, A artha prAcIna aupaniSada vicAronI bhUmikA para vistaryo che (jemake..vaiH sa vevita - je te jANe che e vedavida che. gItA 15.1). A ja paraMparAmAM udbhavelI ane phAlatI AcAra brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM paNa vedavida zabda nA arthamAM prayojAyo che (sarakhAvo viraha veva- - raviNa te virata, vedavida ane AtmarakSita che - uttarAdhyayana 15.2). - ahIM vedavida zabdamAM uparyukta - brAhmaNa paraMparAno ja artha spaSTa che; paNa tevo artha TALI, tenAthI bhinna sAMpradAyika artha ghaTAvavA sau prathama AcAra cUrNie (I.sa. Azare 6ThThI-7mI sadI) zarUAta karI ane veda eTale jaina Agamo, sUtra, pravacana, jevo artha upajAvyo. tene anusarIne zIlAMke (I.sa.9mI sadI) ane anya TIkAkAro e paNa Avo navo artha mAnya rAkhyo.25 AcAra brahmacaryanI prAcIna vicArasaraNInA vikAsa daramiyAna jaina Agamo (ke te arthamAM sutra, pravacana, i.) astitvamAM AvyA nahotA. AthI ahIM vedavida zabdamAM vedano artha jaina sUtro ke Agamo saMbhavI zakato nathI tathA samagra vedavidazabdano - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke gaNadhara jevo artha paNa ghaTI zakato nathI. brahmacaryamAM te zabda sAmAnya arthamAM (jemake vIra, muni, Atmavida, brahmavida, dharmavida, vedavida, I) vaparAyo che, koI vyaktivizeSa (jemake tIrthakara, mahAvIra, gaNadhara, I) mATe vaparAyo nathI. (uttarAdhyayana 14.8.vedavida - 14.9, veda zabda upara jaNAvyA mujaba e arthamAM spaSTa che.) AcAramAM ane anya prAcIna jaina AgamomAM maLI AvatA vedavida, brahmavida, naiSkarkhadarzI jevA zabdaprayogo uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAMthI lupta thayA. huM 1.8.2 Arya : AcAra brahmacaryamAM ane anyatra paNa Arya zabda koI vidvAna ke uttama kuLanI vyakti mATe vaparAyo che. lokaricaya adhyayanamAM kahyuM che ke kuzaLa vyakti pApa karmathI na levAya tevo karmaparijJAno mArga Aryoe upadezyo che (2.5.89, sarakhAvo - anArya-Aryavacana, 4, 2.137-138, tathA 5.2,152, 5.3.157, 6.3,189, sAhityamAM je arthamAM Arya zabdaprayoga thayo che te ja artha jaina AgamomAM paNa jaLavAI rahyo che. jo ke jaina vicAradhArA (ane bauddha vicAradhArA) Aryetara saMskRtimAMthI UtarI AvI che tevo Agraha poSavA adyatana saMzodhanakAro Arya zabdano koI itara artha zodhavA prayAsa kare che. 24 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 .

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6 1.8.7. zramaNa : brAhmaNa brAhmaNa - brahmacarya vibhAga 1nAM (1-5) adhyayanomAM muni zabdanI sAthe ke vikalpe ke paryAyArthamAM zramaNa zabdano prayoga thayo nathI. ahIM ane anyatra paNa zramaNa ane brAhmaNa zabdo ekabIjAnA paryApavAcI zabda tarIke yojyA che. sUtra 4.2.136mAM te baMnene zastraparikSAnI vicArasaraNInI viruddha AcaratA loko (sAdhuo) tarIke cItaryA che (juo SS 1.4). vaidika kALamAM brAhmaNa, zramaNa, parivrAjaka, vagere aneka prakAranA anagAra (saMsAra/ gRha tyAgI) munio viharatA rahetA hatA. te saunI vicArasaraNI mahadaMze samAna hatI. teo saMsAra tyAgI, tapa ane vrata dvArA AtmajJAna ke muktino mArga apanAvatA. jaina ane bauddha sAhityamAM zramaNa-brAhmaNa nAmano aneka sthaLe prayoga thayo che. uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM aneka sthaLe mahAvIra mATe brAhmaNa zabdano to koIvAra zramaNa zabdano prayoga thayo che (juo u52). keTalAka saMzodhanakAro zramaNa zabdanuM mULa cInI ke himAlayanI uttare vasatI Aryatara jAtinI, saMskRtimAM jaNAve che. teonI vicArasaraNImAM jAdu, mAraNa-tADana, abhicAra, ityAdinuM mahattva hatuM. teo za-mana tarIke oLakhAtA, jenuM prAkRtamAM samaNa ane saMskRtamAM zramaNa zabdathI rUpAMtara thayuM che. vaLI, magadha sAmrAjayamAM purohita tarIke paNa keTalAka 'zramaNo rahetA. teonA vicAromAM himAlaya pradezanA bona dharmanI asara hatI, evuM sphUrNAMkanuM maMtavya che (ALB 1967-68, pR.202-210). uparAMta, te jaNAve che ke muni gRhastha maNa hatA ane saMsAratyAgI paNa hatA (jemake aitareya brAhmaNa, 4.33.1)! bhAratanI Aryetara Adi jAtinA muMDA lokoe zramaNa vidhinI paraMparA svIkArI hatI tevuM vAstera rUbenanuM mAnavuM che sAco brAhmaNa kharekhara tattvajJanAM lakSaNo dharAvato hoya che evuM uttarAdhyayana 25nuM varNana aupaniSada vicAraNA sAthe saMvAda dharAve che. F 1.8.8. nirvANa : samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM phakta ekavAra je nirvANa zabda Ave che (6.5.196.. . saMti virati uvasamaM niALa...mivavRdhammamAvavuMnA zAMti, virati, upazama, nirmANa... bhikSudharma jaNAvavo) te sUtrAMza sUtrakRtAMga II.1.15 mAMthI ahIM lIdhuM che. te mULe sUtrakRtAMga aa.3.4.20 (savvastha virUM gnA saMti nibbALamAhiya sarvatra virati karavI; virati = zAMtine nirvANa kahyuM che) uparathI A badhA paryAyo sAthe sUtrakRtAMga II.1.15 mAM vistAra pAmIne AcAranA dhUta adhyayanamAM prakSipta thayuM (juo zubIMga vo.ma.pR.144, Ti.8 ane bolle II. pR.139, upara SS 1.6.1.) ! AcAra I. 1.6.49 mAM parinirvANa zabda Ave che. paNa te sUtrAMza prakSipta che (juo SS 1.1.2). AcAranA bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM ane anya Agama graMthomAM paNa nirvANa zabdano prayoga thayo che temAM bauddha vicArasaraNInI asara thaI hoya ema lAge che. AcAra brahmacaryamAM zAMti (1.7.56, 2.3.85), virata (anekavAra) ane upazama ke upazAMta (3.2.116 = 5.4.164) ityAdi zabdaprayogo prAcIna che. vaLI, brahmacarya paribhASAmAM nivRta (ni+haiM, DhAMkavuM, rakSavuM, mukta thavuM, to koIvAra saMtoSa ke sukha pAmavuM, juo vizela SSSS 51, 219.) zabdaprayoga paNa maLe che. (juo SS 3.1.) prAcIna bauddhadarzanamAM nirvANa zabda amRtanA arthamAM vaparAto, ane amRta zabda upaniSado jevA vaidika sAhityanI asara sUcave che (jemake mRtyomAMmamRtaM gamaya, mRtyumAMthI mane amRta tarapha dora, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 1.3.28) evuM jApAnanA vidvAna zojhena kuoInuM maMtavya che (juo Der Nirvana Begriff in den des Buddhismus, phrAuvAlnera abhinaMdana graMtha, vIenA 1968-69, pR.205-213). Texten luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 25

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huM 1.8.9. punarjanma ane pApa : AcAramAM aneka ThekANe punarjanma mATe janmamaraNanA cakramAM aTavAyA karavAnAM (dA.ta. nAtImara anupariyaThThamA...2.1.77, ityAdi) tathA pApa karmanAM vidhAno thayAM che. AvI vicAradhArA navI ? sAhityamAM paNa te hatI tenI samIkSA ahIM Avazyaka che. viTjhale AvI vicAradhArAnA abhyAsa mATe vaidika sAhityanuM vizleSaNa karIne jaNAvyuM ke punarjanmano vicAra agnicayana vidhimAMthI uddabhava pAmyo che (sarakhAvo-hAnsa-paMtara-mIta pR.650. juo upara pA.TI. 2. tenA saMketo zatapatha brAhmaNa 10mAM maLe che.). . punarjanmano vicAra bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (mAdhyadina ane kAThaka zAkhA) dvArA pUrva bhAratamAM phelAyo. te jaiminIya upaniSada brAhmaNamAM 18% bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadamAM (mAdhyadinI zAkhA) 22% tathA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (kAThaka zAkhA) 48% A vicAronuM mULa zatapatha brAhmaNa 10 (zAMDilya)mAM maLe che. teno phelAvo pahelAM pazcima bhAratamAM tathA kAMIka dakSiNa bhAratamAM thayo hato. tyAra pachI pUrva bhAratamAM astitvamAM AvelA jaina ane bauddha darzanomAM tenI asara jovA maLe che ( vila .201-205). punarjanma karatAMya pApano vicAra vaidika sAhityamAM vadhAre prAcIna che. brAhmaNa sAhityamAM pApanAM varNana vadhAre pramANamAM maLe che. pApa zabda punarjanmanA saMbaMdhamAM vaparAto. pUrva bhArata tathA dakSiNa bhAratamAM vikasita sAhityamAM pApanAM varNana vadhAre pramANamAM maLe che. pUrva bhAratamAMthI teno pracAra taittirIya brAhmaNa 3mAM thayo (viTjhala pR. 205-207). vizkela (pR. 208) AgaLa jaNAve che ke keTalIye prAkRta lokabhASAomAM vaidika padonA prayogonI paraMparA cAlu rahI hatI. ahiMsAnI, saMsAratyAganI vicArasaraNI paNa vaidika sAhityamAM vikasI hatI ane te AryapraNAlI hatI (juo hAnsa-petara-zmIdUtano lekha upara pA.TI.2 ane hejharamAna.), karmavAdanuM ciMtana paNa vaidika paraMparAmAMthI maLI Ave che (juo haramAna Dabalyu. TUlanuM The Vedic Origins of Karma, nyU yaoNrka presa 1989, samIkSA JAOS, 1, 1991, pR.173-174.). keTalAka bhAratIya vidvAno zramaNa saMskRtinuM mULa vaidika sAhityanA vAtyamAM zodhe che; paNa vAtyo Arya saMskRtinA - vaidika paraMparAnA hatA tevuM adyatana saMzodhanakAronuM mAnavuM che (juo hekTaramAna - Vratya and sacrifice 11J.6, 1962, pR.1-37). A badhA mudAnuM vivecana ahIM ayogya che paNa tenA vistAra mATe uparyukta graMtho jovA vinaMtI che. (uparAMta, juo laImAna pR.211-214, ane bhaTTa 1995.). uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM ghaNA pheraphAra thatA gayA ane brahmacarya vibhAga 1nI vicAradhArA sAthe vaNAI gayelA keTalAka vaidika paraMparAnI paribhASAnA zabdo paNa te te jaina AgamomAMthI adRSTa thatA gayA, dA.ta. brahmavida, vedavida, naiSpharmyudarzI, satya-brahma (parama tattva). A zabdonA sahaja artha samajAvatAM cUrNi ke TIkAkArane muzkelI thAya che te samajI zakAya che. sAMpradAyika bhAvanAnAM bIja ahIM ropAtAM hoya ema lAge che. huM 2 AcAra : bIjo zrutaskaMdha AcArAMgano brahmacarya nAme pahelo zrataskaMdha tenA agra nAme bIjA grutaskaMdha karatAM prAcIna che. bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM AvatI kula cAra cUlAomAM (pariziSTo) tattvadarzananI dRSTie koI varNana maLatuM nathI. tenI pahelI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 1-7) tathA bIjI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 8-14) bhikSuonAM bhikSAvRtti, dainika jIvanacaryAnA niyamo, ItyAdinuM vivaraNa Ave che. bhAvanA nAme trIjI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 15) mahAvIracarita ane pAMca vratonA (satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) pAlanarakSaNa mATe 25 bhAvanAonuM varNana che. vimukti nAme cothI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 16) jagatI chaMdanA bAra zlokomAM saMsAratyAga karI, sarva duHkho sahana karatAM karatAM, tapa ane dhyAna parAyaNa jIvana jIvatAM munione A lokamAM kaMI baMdhana rahetuM nathI tevuM varNana Ave che. 26 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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AcAranA bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM vimukti nAme cothI cUlA mULe sUtrakRtAMga I nA gAthA nAme soLamA adhyayanano eka vibhAga hato, ane te tyAMthI chUTo paDI AcArAMgamAM joDAI gayo che tevuM sUtrIMga mAne che (juo zUdrIMga Drei Chedasutras des Jainakanans - ''jaina AgamanAM traNa chedasUtro', hAmbarga 1966, pR.4). paraMtu AcArAMgamAM vimuktinuM sthAna yogya ane maulika che tevuM bollenuM maMtavya che (juo bolle I. pR.47, Ti.1 tathA lekha : Ayaranga 2.16 and Suyagada 1.16, JIP18, 1990 pR.29-52). AcAra-bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM phakta bhAvanA nAme trIjI cUlA ja (adhyayana 15) hatI; ane te cUlAnI zarUAtamAM AvatuM mahAvIracaritra pAchaLathI UmereluM che ane te rIte cUlA 1-2 tathA cUlA 4 (adhyayana 1-14, 16) paNa AcAranA bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM pAchaLathI UmerelI che. uparAMta hAla maLI AvatI cUlA 3 ''bhAvanA''no (adhyayana 15) pATha paNa tadna judo-''navo''che. mULa ''bhAvanA''no pATha AcAra cUrNimAM (pR.377-378) gadya ane 1-5 padyarUpe vaNAI gayo che. A padyamaya ''bhAvanA" Avazyaka cUrNimAM (bhAga 2, pR.146-147) ane Avazyaka niryukti upara hirabhadranI TIkAmAM (pR.658-659) paNa maLI Ave che (vistAra mATe juo bhaTTa-1987-88 ane bhaTTa-1993). Thu 2.1. AcAra - bIjo zrutaskaMdha, bhAvanA (AcAra II. 15) aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAM AtmatattvanI carcA mahatvano bhAga bhajave che. temAM pradhAna sUra e NAya che ke sarvatra AtmA vasI rahyo che tema je jANe che te pApakarmathI chUTI jAya che, mukti meLave che. AcAra-brahmacarya-vibhAga 1nI vicAradhArAmAM pApakarmanI carcA mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. A sarva kAMI pApakarmathI bharapUra che, ane pApakarmane je jANe che te temAMthI chUTI jAya che, mukti meLave che, A brahmarArya vicAraNAno pradhAna sUra che. A baMne vicAradhArAo phakta Adarza sthitinuM varNana kare che, paraMtu pApakarmathI chUTavA sAdhake prAthamika dazAmAM zuM zuM karavuM e viSe upaniSado ke AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1 aspaSTa rahyAM che. AtmAne anulakSIne - AtmajJAnane keMdramAM rAkhI pApakarmathI bacavA yoga jevI prakriyA ke anAsakti athavA nirlepanI vicAraNA upaniSada pachInAM zAstromAM vikasatI gaI. brahmacarya vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAnane nahIM, paNa pApakarmanA jJAnane - zastraparikSAne-mahattva ApI, pApakarmane anulakSIne AtmAmAM surakSita (Atmagupta) thavAnI vicAraNAe AcAra I mAM 25 bhAvanAne janma Apyo. AcAra I, vizeSa to tenA vibhAga 1mAM pAMca (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) vratomAMthI ahiMsA (juo zastraparikSA SS 1.1) ane brahmacaryanI (=parivrajayA; vasittA haMmazvesi 4.4.143 = 6.2.183 = 6.4.190, uparAMta lokavicaya SS 1.2) satata cAlI AvatI vicAraNAmAM parokSa rIte aparigraha (dA.ta. pariAdAo appALa avasanA 2.5.89) ke kaMIka aMze satya jevAM vratomAM ($ 1.8.mAM3) ghaTAvI zakAya evA ullekha maLI Ave che, paNa ahiMsA, brahmacarya sivAyanAM bAkInAM traNa vrato spaSTa nathI maLatAM. AcAra niryukti mujaba A vrato sahelAIthI jANI zakAya ane samajAvI zakAya evA AzayathI temane kula pAMca vibhAgamAM spaSTa karyAM (niryukti gAthA 295 = vaTTakeranuM mUlAcAra 7.33). te badhAM vratonA rakSaNa-pAlana mATe sau prathama 25 bhAvanAo astitvamAM AvI (niryukti gAthA 296). AcAra 1 nI vicAradhArAmAM maLatI adhyAtma saMvRta (5.4.195), Atmagupta (3.1.109, 3.3.123, 8.2.206), AtmasamAhita (4.3.141) jevI paribhASAonuM vizada vyAkhyAna ApaNane AcAra II nI 25 bhAvanAomAM maLe che. dareka vrata mATe pAMca, ema pAMca vrata mATe kula 25 bhAvanAo - vratone anukULa mAnasika keLavaNI - mujaba AcaraNa karatAM muni pApa karmathI potAne bacAvI le che ane Atmagupta bane che. A bhAvanAo saMkSepamAM nIce mujaba gaNAvI zakAya. (1) cAlavAmAM sAvadhAnI (rUriyAtamita), anna-pAna-bhojananI AlocanA, bhinnunAM pAtro ityAdi levA-mUkavAmAM sAvadhAnI (AyALamaMDanimhevaLA) ane mana tathA vacanamAM sAvadhAnI rAkhatAM hiMsAkarmathI bacI javAya che. jaina paraMparAmAM pAMca samitiomAMthI iriyAsamiti ane AyANa-bhaMDa-nikhaivaNA-samiti, e be samitio A bhAvanAmAMthI vikasI che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 27

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(2) hAsya-parityAga, bolavAmAM sAvadhAnI, tathA krodha, lobha ane bhayano tyAga karavAthI, asatyathI thatAM pApakarmothI bacI zakAya che. AmAMthI bhASAsamitino vikAsa thayo. (dA.ta. dazavaikAlika 7 ''vAkyazuddhi" adhyayana). (3) avagraha-(vasatisthAna, pAtra-bhAjana jevI sAmagrI, viMDa-grahaNa) viSe svayaM vicAra kare, dAna (piMDa-dAna,I.) ApanAranAM vacana i. viSe paNa vicAre, avagraha mATenI spaSTa sImA ke maryAdA rAkhe. gurunI anujJA laIne bhojana-pAna kare, potAnA sAthIo mATeno avagraha yogya sthAne rAkhe, Ama karavAthI corIthI thatA doSothI pApa karmothI bacI zakAya che. (4) tela-dhIvALA padArtho na khAvA, zarIra zaNagAravuM nahIM, strIdarzana na karavuM, strIpradhAna sthAnomAM javuM nahIM, strIviSayaka ke halakA prakAranI kathA-vArtA na karavI. A rIte brahmacaryanuM rakSaNa thaI zake che. Ano vistAra sUtrakRtAMga I (adhyayana 4 rUsthiriLA), dazavaikAlika (8.52-58) uttarAdhyayana (16 *'brahmacarya-samAdhi-sthAna") jevAM AgamomAM maLe che. (pa) zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, ane gaMdha jevA pAMca viSayomAM Asakti na rAkhatAM parigrahathI thatAM pApakarmothI potAne bacAvI zakAya che. Ano vistAra paNa dazavaikAlika (8.19-27, 11-gAthA 1-10). uttarAdhyayana (32 'pramAdasthAna") jevAM AgamomAM dRSTigocara thAya che. jaina vicAradhArAmAM pApakarmanuM jJAna keMdramAM rahyuM che tethI ahiMsAnI viziSTa carcA-vicAraNA bhikSuonI jIvanacaryAnA nIti-niyamonA jhINavaTabharyA ciMtanamAM vistArathI dRSTigocara thAya che. AnA pariNAme jaina tattvadarzana ke AtmatattvanuM ciMtana kaMIka sthagita thaI gayuM, upekSita rahyuM. A muddAnuM vivecana AgaLa karavAmAM AvyuM che. $ 3 anya prAcIna Agamo ane brahmacarya vicAradhArA : AcArAMga pachI vikaselA jaina AgamomAM (aMga graMthomAM) sUtrakRtAMga, (ane mUlasUtromAM) dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana mukhya che. A traNa Agamo samagra dRSTie ane itara jaina AgamonI apekSAe prAcIna che. temAM sUtrakRtAMgano pahelo zrutaskaMdha (=sUtrakRtAMga I, adhyayano 1-16) tenA bIjA zrutaskaMdhanI (=sUtrakRtAMga II, adhyayano 1-7) apekSAe prAcIna che. te padyamaya che. tenI keTalIka gAthAo prAcIna chaMdamAM racAyelI che. jaina paraMparAmAM AvI gAthAono paNa temAM bIjI gAthAo prakSipta thatAM vistAra vadhato gayo. A rIte dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayananI gAthAo vRddhi pAmatI gaI. A traNe AgamomAM maLI AvatI AcAra-brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAnI pRSThabhUmikAmAM aupaniSada ciMtananI asara ahIM saMkSepamAM darzAvavAmAM AvI che. AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1mAM vaparAto prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM sUtrakRtAMga I (1.4.8, 6.4, 8.19), ane dazavaikAlikamAM (4.1.6) paNa kaMIka prANa-bhUta-jIva-sattva jevA 'zabdADaMbara" (cliche) vagara vaparAyo che. cha-jIva-nikAyonI kalpanA A AgamomAM pratiSThA pAmI cUkI che (dA.ta. sUtradhRtAMga I 9.8.9, uttarAdhyayana 12.41, dazavaikAlika mATe juo AgaLa). ogha (pravAha, saMsAra) zabda paNa sUtrakRtAMga I (3.4.14, 11.1), dazavaikAlika (9.2.23), uttarAdhyayanamAM (5.1, 23.70, 32.33, I.) dRSTigocara thAya che. kSetrajJa (gheyanna) zabda sUtrakRtAMga / mAM phakta be vAra (6.3, 15.13) Ave che, ane te lupta thato jato hoya ema lAge che. saMga-asaMga (asakti) ane lepa-nirlepa jevI anya brAhmaNa vicAradhArAnI paribhASA AcAra-brahmacaryanI (2.1.74 = 2.5.89, 2.6.103, 3.1.109, 5.2.153, I.) jema sUtrakRtAMga I mAM (1.2.28, 7.27 = 12.22, 10.10, I.) ane uttarAdhyayanamAM (8.4, 14.6, 20.6, 25.20, 26, I.) vizeSa dRSTigocara thAya che. paraMtu, AcAra II mAM (11.687 = 15.790). tema ja sUtrakRtAMga II (adhyayana 9) ane dazavaikAlikamAM (phakta be vAra - 10.16, 11.10) AvA prakAranI paribhASAno prayoga luptaprAya thato gayo che. = (1) sUtrakRtAMga I ahiMsA-samaya (1.4.10 11.10) zabdathI AcAra-brahmacarya athavA zastraparijJAnuM sUcana kare che (juo SS 1.4, sarakhAvo sUtrakRtAMga 3.11 mAM mArga-sAra tarIke AcAra-brahmacaryano sAra !). A saMdarbhamAM samaya = samatA, evo bollee karelo artha yogya nathI (juo bolle 1 pR.127). karmanI upAdhi jevI 28 ] [ sAmIpTa : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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paribhASA AcAra- 1 mAM maLatI (3.1.110 : pazyaka upAdhi hotI nathI, 3.4.131 = 4.4.146) te sUtrakRtAMga I mAM phakta ekavAra (2.2.27 3E UgaNa - upAdhi dUra karavI) daSTigocara thAya che. A paribhASA jaina AgamomAMthI lupta thatI hoya ema lAge che. buddhi jevo zabda prayoga AcAra- 1- vibhAga 1mAM tema sUtrakRtAMga 1 mAM paNa maLato nathI. karmathI chUTavA iMdriyo aMdara saMkelI laI - rAgadveSathI dUra thaI - Atmarata, AtmasamAhita thavAnI - aMtarmukha thavAnI vicAraNA (juo 6 1.7.1) hajI sUtrakRtAMga I mAM cAlu rahI che. pAMca mahAvrato, rAtrIbhojana tyAga ane bhAvanA paNa sUtrakRtAMga 1 mAM (3.9) maLI Ave che. sUtrakRtAMga I mAM vyakta thatA vicAro, jema ke graMtho aMdhuM paDyuM fbato (1.2.19, AMdhaLAne raste dorato AMdhaLo), a myAramajurA (7.16 AMdhaLA netAne anusarI), nAM digaMbe sada notinA vi rUvADu no rasa DhIneQ (22.8 jema AMkha vagaranA AMdhaLAne prakAzathI paNa rUpa vagere-ghaTa-paTa vagere dekhAtAM nathI.) netA nA ghAsi so mAM ja nANAti kaparUmALa (14.12 rAtre aMdhArAmAM nahIM dekhI zakanAra netA rasto jANato nathI) - tema mUDha - AMdhaLA loko paNa potAne jJAna thayA vagara bIjAne (aMdhArAmAM ja) dorI jAya che ane gaMtavya pAmatA nathI, va. aupaniSada vicAro sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya; jemake phaMdramA (pAThAMtara baMdhacamInA:) ritti mUDhA upeneva nIyamanA yathAsthA: (kaTha upaniSada 1.2.5 = muMDaka upaniSada 1.2.8 AMdhaLAthI dorAtA AMdhaLA lokonI jema mUDha loko satata aTavAyA (athaDAyA) karatA paribhramaNa karyA kare che). rata (2.38.3.) paNa kahe che ke yathAnyo vAnyamanthIyA (athavA jema AMdhaLo AMdhaLA pAchaLa jAya bole | pR.96 uparathI). sUtrakRtAMga I AgaLa jaNAve che ke jema zakuni (gIdha, samaDI, kAgaDA ?) pAMjaruM toDI zakatuM nathI tema dharma ke adharmanA jJAna vagara koI vyakti duHkho dUra karI zakatI nathI (juo phuvuM te mArUtueti saraLa paMgara nahIM 2.2.22), chAMdogya upaniSada paNa kahe che ke sa tathA zani sUtreA pravara ..vaMdanavo pachayata vimeva ...prANavaMdhanaM di...mana rUti (6.8.2 dore baMdhAyeluM koI zakuni jema baMdhanane ja Azare dore ja vaLagI - rahe che tema ja mana prANanA baMdhanavALuM che. sarakhAvo - rA yarvisusaMvAddha pakSI tatvahindu mana: pakSI jema dore baMdhAyeluM che tema mana prANathI baMdhAyeluM che. yogazikhA upaniSada 59, uparAMta pAM chivA yathA haMso..mune...fchatrapAla tathA nIva: saMsAraM tarate sI. pAza chedI jema haMsa AkAza oLaMgI jAya tema baMdhanamukta jIva haMmezAM saMsAra tarI jAya che. yurikA upaniSada 22). tayAM va nahApha se rayaM ti saMgya muLI mam (te raja - pApa - karma sApanI kAMcaLInI jema tyajI de che ema jANI muni - raja - tyAgano - garva karato nathI). 28 sUtrakRtAMga nA (2.2.1) A vicAro sAthe varAha upaniSadanA (67-68) vicAro lagabhaga samAMtara jAya che, jema ke nirvayanI nimo nIvavagata:, vatnI titiSetta so nAte, parva...zarIra nAbama. (sApanI jIva vihoNI kAMcaLI jema rAphaDe paDI rahe, ane sApa tene bahu gaNato nathI,tenI darakAra karato nathI - tema vidvAna zarIrane bahu gaNato nathI.) A zloka bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanA AdhAre racAyo cheH thar yathA - nirvacanI vatnI mRtA pratyastI zIta - vimeveTuM zarIra zaoN - 3thAmArIno mRtaH prALo va...(4.4.8 jema sApanI kAMcaLI rAphaDAmAM mata. pheMkI dIdhelI paDI rahe tema A zarIra paDI rahe che ane A azarIrI prANa amRta che, te brahma ja che). prazna upaniSada (pa. 5) paNa kahe che ke, yathA pAkorasvavI vinicata parva da vai sa pAkhanA vinip: (jema sApa kAMcaLIthI mukta thAya che ema te pApathI mukta thayo). agnie iMdranAM badhAM pApa bALI nAkhyAM che, jaiminIya brAhmaNa (2.134) paNa A rIte jaNAve che ke sa yathAdika - diccharce nirmaceta, kathA muMgAvikA vivRta, vameva sarvamAn pAkhano viramuM (jema sApa kAMcaLI luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 29

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tyajI de ane jema muMjamAMthI ISIkA chUTI paDe, tema te badhAM pApamAMthI mukta thayo)29 be bhinna graMthonAM koI koI vidhAnomAM rUpaka, upamA ke evA alaMkAranA lIdhe prApta thatI samAnatAthI te baMne graMthAMza ke vidhAno vacce kAMI nikaTano saMbaMdha sthApI zakAto nathI (juo horza. pR. 475.). te - dhIra, muni - AtmAmAMthI sarva loka jue che. (sUtrakRtAga 1 12.18. te mArI pAse savano, juo huM 1.3).30 chAMdogya upaniSada pramANe paNa A sarva (jagata AtmA ja che. te (AtmAdraSTA) Ama jotAM Atmarati ane AtmAnaMda thAya che. A rIte jotA tenuM (AtmadraSTAnuM) A sarva (jagata) AtmAmAMthI ja che (...gAtmavet samiti sa vA- parva pa...mAtmata:...mAtmAnaM:..mati. 7.25.2. tI vA hatI pazyataH..3nAtman pave sarvamiti. 7.26.1). sUtrakRtAMga ! A muddAnuM ThekaThekANe punarAvartana kare che, jema ke turaM pAhi saMga(2.3.12. jIvo sAthe AtmarUpe saMyamita thavuM), naM 2 chaMdra 2 vividha viMUM 3 satro mAyAvaM (13.21 karma ane chaMda - icchA/kAmanA pratye nirveda rAkhI sarvatra AtmabhAva keLavavo), attattApu rivvA (u.3.7 = 11.32, Atmatva - sarva kAMI AtmA che tevA bhAva-mATe parivrajaya svIkAravI. vistAra mATe juo bole II pR.115). anyatra bhikSune AtmatatvanI khAtara saMvRta-(iMdriyo saMkelI lIdhI che) kahyo che (sUtrakRtAMga II 2.29. rUda ghaNu mattA saMvuDasa maLa / rasa.), sUtrakRtAMga . AgaLa jaNAve che ke te vidvAna, virata ane Atmagupta che, jiteMdriya che, sadA damanazIla - iMdriyo para kAbU rAkhe-che (..viDa virato nAyare 7.20, 3rAyapura niSphaviNa 11.16, 3Iyamune sayA vaMte 11.24). AcAra brahmacaryanA AtmasamAhita (4.3.141) ke Atmoparata (4.4.146) sAthe sUtrakRtAMga 1 nA AtmaguptanI tulanA thaI zake. AtmasamAhita IhA vagarano che, Atmoparata che, upAdhi vagarano che (brahmacarya 4.3.141, 4.4.146), adhyAtma-saMvRta che, upazAMtarati saMsAra srotamAM sarvatra gupta che (brahmacarya 5.4.165, 5.5.166). jevI rIte svayaM pote (AtmA) che tevI rIte sarva prANIo che, Ama sarva prANIone svayaM tulya mAnIne virata munie dRDhamanathI patrijayA svIkAravI evuM sUtrakRtAMga I. paNa aupaniSada vicAronI jema ja rajU kare che; jemake varaNa madhame6i ne ruM na, tejasa kagvamAyA thA vaM parivya(sUtrakRtAMga 1. 11.33) "viSayavAsanAo - kAmathI virata munie pRthvI upara je koI prANIo che temano AtmA te potAno AtmA che evI tulanAthI (ke tulanA mATe) hiMmata (daDhanizcaya) karI padmijayA svIkAravI. ahIM Iza upaniSadanI (gAthA 1) asara spaSTa thAya che. zAvAmidaM sarva vat &i 2 tyAM nAta, tena tyona muMgIthA mA vRdha: zyavid ghanam - "pRthvI upara je kAMI gatizIla (=rANI) che te izvarathI rahevA lAyaka che (=temAM izvara vasyo che). AthI tuM tyajI dIdhelAthI (bhikSAvRtti, ucha) AhAravihAra kara. tuM koInA dhananI lAlasA na rAkha. ahIM sUtrakRtAMgamAM ane iza upaniSadamAM sarva prANIonAM svayaM pote ja vasI rahyo che evI AtmadaSTi (juo tefi agvamAyA ane zAvAmitre sarva), viSayothI virati (brahmacarya) ke parivrajayA (juo virapu gAma ghauM parivyA ane tene tenA muMnIthI) jevA vicAro tarI Ave che. uparAMta te jaNAve che ke sarva prANIomAM AtmA-iza vasI rahyo che tethI koIpaNa prANInI hiMsA na karavI ke tenA prANa jhUMTavI na levA. phakta svecchAe tyaktathI (bhaikSa ke ucha) jIvana vItAvavuM. sUtrakRtAga 1. 2.3.14 (3che..visuddhamAda), uttarAdhyayana 35.16 (3chefsajA), dazavaikAlika 10.17 (3che ) paNa evI bhikSAvRttinuM varNana kare che, ane koInuM dhana" pacAvI levuM nahIM tema jaNAve che ( ya bhomi ddho re jche maryApaze dazavaikAlika 8.23 ane mA gha ca svit ghanam Iza upaniSada).1 30 ]. [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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sUtrakRtAMga 1 nA AThamAM adhyayanamAM AtmasamAhita ke AtmAparata ke AtmaguptanA ciMtanano mukhya viSaya rahyo che. temAM zarUAtamAM asaMyamI ajJAnIo rAgadveSapUrvaka kAma bhoga ane mAyAmAM lapaTAI pApAcaraNa kare che ane pariNAme janmamaraNanuM duHkha (saMpAya) bAMdhe che (gAthA 1-9) ema jaNAvIne AvAM pApakamonuM zalya paMDito kevI rIte kApI nAkhe - temanAM baMdhano kevI rIte kapAI jAya (gAthA 10) te jaNAvavA AgaLa dharmanA sArabhUta pApakarmono tyAga" karavAnI prakriyA darzAvI che (gAthA 14-21, jaina darzananA gupti-siddhAMtanA Adi-mULanA ahIM darzana thAya che. gAthA 11-13 mAM gAthA 10 mATe sAmAnya vistAra karyo che. te vidvAne hAthapaga (="kAya"), mana-pAMca iMdriyo (="mana"), pApa ane bhASAdoSa ("vacana")-e sarva AtmAmAM sameTI levAM (gAthA 17 sarakhAvo-zIlAMka pR.115 - manovI&yagupta san ane juo dazavaikAlika 10.15 AgaLa). ane mAna, mAyA viSe saMpUrNa jANIne zAMtinA gauravane lakSyamAM rAkhI upazAMta ane spRhA vagara viharavuM (gAthA 18). ahiMsA, asteya ane amRSAvAdanA dharmane vaLagI rahI (gAthA 19) mana ke vacanathI paNa te tenuM ullaMghana na kare ane sarvatra saMvRta (gupta) ane daMta (iMdriyanigraha karI) thaI AdAnane (mAyALa, karmanuM upAdAna) sameTI levuMdUra karavuM (gAthA 20). te vidvAnane kRta, kriyamANa ke bhAvi pApa (karma) saMmata nathI, te Atmagupta ane jiteMdriya che (gAthA ra1). je AvA jJAnI, mahAbhAgyazALI, vIra ane samyakatvadarzI che temanAM AcaraNa-karma zuddha che ane (baMdhanarUpa) pariNAma vagaranAM hoya che (gAthA 23). AvI Atmagupta thavAnI prakriyAne kAcabAnuM dRSTAMta ApIne spaSTa karI che ke nahIM *khe te saMsAruM sa de samAdo, parva pAvADuM medhAvI aApe samadire (gAthA 16: kAcabo jema potAnAM aMgo potAnA dehamAM saMkelI le-potAnA dehathI aMdara kheMcI le-tema medhAvI puruSa adhyAtmathI - iMdriyone aMdara AtmAmAM saMkelI laI - pApakarmo sameTI le - dUra kare). dazavaikAlikamAM (vo 2 strIpatIna puro 8-40 ane strIpuro 8.44) ane bhagavatImAM (myo rUtra dvi mAchIche pIne vi...25.7.801) paNa AvA dRSTAMtanuM punarAvartana thayuM che. adhyAtmasaMvRtanuM AvuM ciMtana brAhmaNa paraMparAmAM paNa maLe che. nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (74) jaNAve che ke pApa-zarTa vRttamanAM nityamAta, suMdiyALa samAhatya jU nava sarvazaH (kAcabo jema aMgo-dehamAM sameTI le-tema vidvAne iMdriyo aMdara sameTI laI hamezAM pAparahita, nItimaya saraLa vartana karavuM. sarakhAvo - phUDanava saMhatya mane | IH niSya ... kAcabAnI jema aMgo - iMdriyo - sameTI laI ane hRdayamAM manano virodha karI...yurikA upaniSada 3; ane yuvA saMdarate vAve DAnIva sarvaza:, kriyAndriyarthagrastI prajJA pratiSThitI. kAcabo sarva rIte jema potAnAM aMgo kheMcI le tema A jyAre iMdriyone iMdriyonA arthamAMthI saMkelI le che tyAre tenI prajJA (jJAna, buddhi) pratiSThita-kahevAya che. gItA 2.58, uparAMta juo saMvRttanikAya 1.7). sUtrakRtAMga 1 mujaba sarva iMdriyothI nivRta-saMvRta ane sarvatra mukta muni lokomAM vihAra kare (10.4) ane saMpUrNa jagata samatvathI pekhIne koInuM priya ane apriya na kare0000 (savaM nAM tU samayApurI piyakharca rUDuM cho nA 10.7 = 13. 22). te jIvana maraNanI AzA rAkhyA vinA ane (AvAgamananAM) vartuLathI mukta vihAra kare to nIvirya no maraNafmaraghI varejha fmaGga vayA vimudde 10.24 = 12.22 = 13.23, juo 2.2.16). rAgadveSathI para thatAM karmano nirlepa (Asakti) raheto nathI, karmanuM baMdhana rahetuM nathI, akarmaka-karmAbhAvanI sthiti rahe che (sarakhAvo zIlAMka pAyAmAvo uha IfmAvastha ramata. pR.41). siddha-mukatAtmA virakata, rAgadveSathI para, alipta ke saMvRta (gupta) hovAthI tenA karmanuM bIja nAza pAmyuM che, te rAgadveSa janmAvatuM nathI, lepAyamAna karatuM nathI, punarjanmanA kAraNarUpa thatuM nathI tema dazAzrutaskaMdha jaNAve che (5.123- nahIM rAI vIyALa na gAyeti puijrA, mUvIpaNuM hatuM ? gAyaMti avaMrA - sarakhAvo aupapAtika $ 115). muktonuM avyAbAdha sukha devo ke manuSyanAM sukhanI apekSAe anaMtagaNuM vadhAre che (sarakhAvo ja vi sthi majutA te sIvavuM viya savvavA, gaM siddhA sauvavuM - luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 31

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fpatAM. adhyAvAdaM 3vAya. aupapAtika 6 180) taittirIya upaniSada (2.8 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.3.32) paNa kahe che ke te je zataM manuSA AnaMdrA te ye viM...zAM vAnAM... - vRddhi kAnaMda) siddhAtmAnuM sukha anupama che - upamA vagaranuM che (zya siddhANaM souM gaLAvamAM sthita movamuM) ema aupapAtika (Du 184) paNa jaNAve che ane maitrAyaNi upaniSada paNa jaNAve che (mAtmA yajuuM nAkhe, na zakyate vayituM ri. 4.2 AtmAmAM je sukha maLe tenuM vANIthI varNana karI zakAtuM nathI). jinoe kahelA A-arthano (Adeza) vicAra karI bhikSue nirmama ane nirahaMkAra thaI viharavuM (yamathuM...nimmo nirdAne ghare mavahU nAdiya sUtrakRtAMga .. 9.6 = sarakhAvo...vati...nirmano nirahaMvara:...gItA 2.71). sUtrakRtAga 1 nAM ane brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM keTalAMka vidhAno sAhityanI ke evI koI dRSTie samAMtara jatAM hoya che, tevAM keTalAMka vidhAnonI ahIM phakta noMdha levAmAM Ave che. sUtrakRtAMga I 4mAM (tathA dazavaikAlika 8.50pa8 mAM) maLatA strIviSayaka keTalAka niyamo ke ullekho mahAupaniSada 3.3pa-pa7 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga I. 1.2.15 mAM mleccha viSeno ullekha (sarakhAvo aupapAtika $ 183, kuMdakuMda-samayasAra gAthA 8, Aryadivacatuzataka 8.19) sAthe viSNudharmottara purANa 4.8 ane mahAbhArata 8.36 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga I 5.1.11 (gAriyuM nAma...3idhuM tame), juo iza upaniSada 3 (sUryA nAma..thena tamarAvRtA, A sAthe sarakhAvo sUtrakRtAMga I 2.3.9 kayA 1989-90 pR.39 mujaba). sUtrakRtAMga I.8.1, .. vIrasya vIra re,. Rgvada viMnuM rUdrI vIryam nI yAda Ape che. A uparAMta sUtrakRtAMga I nI keTalIka gAthAo gItAnA keTalAka zloko sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya, jemake 3.4.3 nAsitte vinne..avAyA -sarakhAvoH sito phevo vyAsaH (20-3) 6.6. aNuttaraM tappai sUrie vA -sarakhAvoH vINAnatAdyutiH (21.27) 6.7. phudeva sevA... -sarakhAvoH devInA...vAsava (20.22) 6.8 mohI vAva 3khaMtapare -sarakhAvoH sarasAma...sA: (20.ra4) 6.11 pudde rame vikR bhUmi phri -sarakhAvoH ghAvAthami ...vyAsak(.20) nabhaHspRzam (21.ra4) 6.18 su...nada sAmanI vA -sarakhAvoH azvattha: sarvavRkSANAm (10.26) 6.19 vaMto va tArIkha -sarakhAvoH nakSatrANA...zazI (0.22) 6.20 nAgesu vA dharaNiMdamAhu -sarakhAvIH nAza...nAnAm (20.22) 6.21 TrasthanuM parAvaLamAThuM -sarakhAvoH parIvataM drAm (10.27) siho migANa -sarakhAvoH mRld 2 mRgendra (10.30) salilANa gaMgA -sarakhAvoH strotasA...nAvI (10.32) pakkhIsu vA garule veNudevo -sarakhAvoH vainateyaa fkSama (10.30) (juo bole IT.1988, pR.157). dharmasUtra ke dharmazAstramAMthI ane rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ke purANomAMthI paNa A pramANenA sUtrakRtAMga 1 nI keTalIka gAthAo sAthe zabdazaH samAMtara jatA vicAro prApta thaI zake. paNa ahIM tethI viSayAMta te vistAra mAgI letA hovAthI temanI noMdha lIdhI nathI. . sUtrakRtAMga 1 nA vicAromAM pAMca mahAvrato ane rAtrI 32 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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bhojana-tyAgano vizeSa mahattva ApyuM che, ane koIka sthaLoe 25 bhAvanAone vaNI lIdhI che; A rIte AcArabrahmacaryanI vicAradhArAno vistAra karyo che; jema ke sUtrakRtAMga I adhyayano 3,9 (bhikSunA niyamo va., uparAMta 1.10.5, 1.15.5.i.). samagra dRSTie sUtrakRtAMga ! mAM jaina sAMpradAyika bhAvanA hajI maMda svarUpe dekhAya che. temAM sAMkhya, bauddha, nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA, cArvAka, vagerenA matonuM vizleSaNa karyuM che (juo sUtrakRtAMga I adhyayano 1,12, tathA zrADara pR.11,14,33,35,41,49- Ti.3, para-53 ane bolle I rR. 53-164)2. amaithuna vrata-brahmacaryavratanI bhAvanAo (SS 2.1). lakSyamAM laI sUtrakRtAMga 1.4 (strIparijJA) racAyuM hoya ema lAge che. A rIte bhojana-pAnanA niyamo (adhyayana 7, 9-10) sAthe paNa bhAvanAo vaNI lIdhI che. sUtrakRtAMga .11 mAM (mArgasAra) AcAra / no (juo ''ahiMsA-samaya'' (1.60) sAra Apyo che. sUtrakRtAMga 1.6 mAM mahAvIranI stuti che. sUtrakRtAMga I nAM adhyayanomAM navI paribhASAnI AsapAsa navI vicAraNA rajU thatI jAya che, jema ke pAMca mahAbhUto (1.1.7), pAMca skaMdha (1.1.17), cAra dhAtu (1.1.18), karma khapAvavAM (2.1.15, 12.15, I.), sAmAyika (2.2.20, 31, 16.4), kRta-kali-tretA-dvApara (2.2.23), anuttarazAnI-anuttaradarzI, anuttarajJAnadarzanadhara (2.3.22, sarakhAvo 9.24), pariSaha-upasargonI prAthamika bhUmikA (3, sarakhAvo 163), strIveda (4.1.20,23, A paribhASA brAhmaNa paraMparAmAMthI udbhavI che, juo bolle II pR. 159), pratyAkhyAta-pApa (8.14), karmI (9.4). samavasaraNa (12), tathyAtathya, poggala (13.15), Asava-saMvaranirjara (12.21, sarakhAvo sa saMA mahAsavA rU.2.23 ane niSkRtap 14.7), mohanIya-karma (mohaLijJeLa DeLa muLA 2.rU.22), darzanAvaraNIya-karma (sarakhAvo - haMsaLAvarAMtaN 1.2), ityAdi. AvA ane bIjA vikasatI koTinA staronA saMketo ahIMthI maLI zake che. (2) uttarAdhyayana-(kula 1-36 adhyayano) vairAgyalakSI kAvya racanAno eka graMtha che. tenA adhyayana 2mAM tathA 16mAM prathama gadya ane pachI gAthAo racAI che, paNa tenuM adhyayana 29muM saMpUrNa gadyamaya che. uttarAdhyayananAM lagabhaga 11 adhyayano (9, 12-14, 18-23, 25) saMvAdamaya kAvyaracanA che. tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM (dA.ta. 7,8,10,32,35) pAMca mahAvrato ane bhAvanAo (SS 2.1) paNa vaNI lIdhI che. uttarAdhyayanamAM AcAra-brahmacaryanA vicAro (jevA keH pApakarma AcaranAra, pApakarmanuM AcaraNa karAvanAra, pApakarmane anumodana ApanAra, I.) paNa maLe che, jema ke, "gupta'" sAthe 6.11, 8.10, 12.3, va., "saMvuDa" ane "tivideza' sAthe 15.12, cha-jIva-nikAyo vikasita arthamAM (4.4, 10.5-13, 35.1-2), pAMca mahAvrato (1.47). uttarAdhyayana 1 ane dazavaikAlika 9, baMnenAM viSayavastu (guruziSya vinaya) sarakhAM che, uparAMta uttarAdhyayana 15 ane dazavaikAlika 10nAM kAvyazIrSaka ane dhruvapaMktio (sa-mizrva) sarakhAM jAya che (juo Alsadorpha Ki.Sch. pR.230-231) 33 uttarAdhyayanamAM navI paribhASA paNa vyakta thAya che. tenA adhyayana 6mAM, bhikSuonA AcAra-niyamomAM apratyAkhyAta-pApa (gAthA 8, sarakhAvo-pratyAkhyAta-pApa, sUtrakRtAMga I 8.14), adhyayana pamAM sAmAyika, aMga (=jaina Agama, gAthA 23, juo 11-26), adhyayana 11mAM zaMkha-cakra-gadA dhAraNa karanAra vAsudeva (gAthA 21, Avo ullekha gupta samayanuM sUcana kare che, juo bolle IT. 1988, pR.154) ityAdi paribhASAo navI che. uttarAdhyayananAM ghaNAM adhyayano (dA.ta. 2,4, 16, 24, 26, 28-31, 33-34, 39) jaina vicAradhArAnI paripakva bhUmikA vyakta kare che. A viSe AgaLa vivaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM cha-jIva nikAyonuM vikasita varNana paNa maLe che (juo 4.4, 10.5-13, 35.1-12). uttarAdhyayana 1.47mAM pAMca mahAvratonuM nidarzana thayuM che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 33

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A 1-36 mAMthI keTalAMka kAvyo prAcIna jAtakakathAomAMthI janma pAmyAM che ane uttarAdhyayanamAM tene jaina vicArono svAMga Apyo che. (juo 7 1.8). samaya jatAM tenI ghaNI gAthAo kSepa-prakSepanA lIdhe vistAra pAmI. uttarAdhyayanamAM prAcIna samayathI cAlI AvatI jaina vicAronI paraMparAnA itihAsanI kAMI rUparekhA paNa maLe che. paraMtu te vizeSa saMvAdamaya graMtha hovAthI temAM tattvavicAraNAnI dRSTie Avazyaka mAhitI bhAgye ja maLI rahe che. ahIM tevI bAbatono kAMI paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. uttarAdhyayana jaNAve che ke jIvano nAza hoto nathI (2.27 - A gAthA zArapenTIyare prakSipta mAnI che), upaniSado paNa jaNAve che ke jIva marato nathI ( gIvo priyate chAMdogya upaniSada 6.12.2) athavA AtmA avinAzI che (vinAzI vAre-sAyamAtmAM bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.5.14). itara vicArasaraNI (AtmA zarIramAM vadhe che, nAza pAme che, paNa raheto nathI...)darzAvatI uttarAdhyayanI 14.18 gAthA spaSTa kare che ke jema araNimAM agni, dUdhamAM ghI ane telamAM tela ""asatu" (amUrta ?) che tema jIvAtmA ''asatu" che, tenA javAbarUpe AgaLa 14.19 gAthA siddhAMta rajU kare che ke AtmA iMdriyagrAhya nathI; amUrtabhAve che, ane amUrtabhAva hovA chatAM ya te nitya che (nahI mI garaNI prasanto Ure thayuM tetramAM tijo...gAthA 18, no reMgni amubhavI purAvA vi homsa gAthA 19). zvetAzvatara upaniSada (1.15) paNa kahe che ke tinnevu tainaM dhanIva sa...garIpu ni:, gvamAtmAtmana pRAte (talamAM tela, dUdhamAM ghI. ane araNimAM agni, ema AtmAmAM potAmAM - AtmAne jANI zakAya - kahI zakAya, sarakhAvo saraLyo dito nAtA ...pata vai tat kaTha upaniSada 2.4.8). AtmA agRhya che (AtmA gRhyo na gRDhate bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.2.4), AtmA aja, nitya ane zAzvata che (mano nitya: zAzvato...kaTha upaniSada 1.2.18). uttarAdhyayana jaNAve che ke jiteMdriya sarvataH mukta (15.16) ane sarva saMgarahita che: te karma-raja vagarano ane siddha che (18.54 : zArapeTIyaranA mate prakSipta). te sarva bhUtomAM ke zatru-mitromAM, lAbha-alAbhamAM, sukhaduHkhamAM, niMdA-prazaMsAmAM, mAna-apamAnamAM samatA rAkhe che (samaya savvapU. satumasu vA 19. 25, tAmAtAe sude tu...sanI niMdrA pasaMsAsu tahAM mAnavamaLo 19.90, sarakhAvo anukrame gItA - sama: zatrI ra mitre 2 12.18, suraSadu: same kRtvA nAmAnAma...2.38, sama:...nAnApamAnajyo: 12.18, tulyanAstutiH 21.19, vaLI juo gItA 14. 24-25). uparAMta te virakate sarva AraMbho tyajI dIdhA che (19.29 sabbAraMparivAjho = sarvAdhiparityAnI gItA 12.16) ane tene mATI, (patthara) ane sonuM sarakhAM che (35.13 - samakuva = samatoSTAzmaiAM vana: gItA 14.24; uttarAdhyayana 35.13 chaMdabhaMga thAya che). uttarAdhyayananA eka saMvAda kAvyamAM tapanA AcaraNane talavAranI dhAra para cAlavA jevuM duSkara jaNAvyuM che (sivAra mAM reva ra3 tavo 19, 37) kaThaupaniSada paNa jaNAve che ke surasya dhArA nizitA phuracA tu pathastatva thI vati (1.3.14 kavio kahe che ke astrAnI tIkSNa dhAra para cAlavAnuM muzkela che, te rasto kheDavo kaThaNa che). vaLI uttarAdhyayana AgaLa jaNAve che ke rAga ane dveSa karmanuM bIja che, karma mohathI upaje che, karma janmamaraNanuM mULa che (32.7). rAga dveSanA nAzathI mokSanuM sukha maLe che (32.2) zArIrika-mAnasika duHkho dUra karavA rAga choDavo jarUrI che ( mArca mAsaya 2 -ivi tanta chaThTha vIyaro 32.22). iMdriyonA arthamAMthI mane dUra karI levuM (32.20, 39, para, 65, 78, 91). virAgIne koI karma lepAyamAna nathI (32.36 sarakhAvo gindriya:...rvatra na tirthate gItA 5.7). pANImAM rahevA chatAM kamaLanuM pAMdaDuM jema pANIthI vepAtuM nathI tema je vyakti rUpa, rasa, ityAdi viSayomAM virakta thaI te saMsAramAM rahe to paNa duHkhonA pUranI paraMparAthI lapAto nathI (sarakhAvo - have viro... nipUNa bhavamatte vi saMto nanne vA povardhvara 34 ] ( [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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patAsaM 32.34, 47, 60, 73, 86, 99). chAMdogya upaniSada (4. 14.3) paNa e ja kahe che ke yathA. puratAza 3 ne tni ganta avamevaMviHi pApa karma na pinnadhyate (kamaLanA pAMdaDA para jema pANI lAgatuM nathI - kamaLanA pAMdaDAne jema pANI bhIMjavatuM nathI - tema AvA - brahma/Atma jJAnIne pApakarma lAgatuM nathI. sarakhAvo Atmavanta na mafNa nivakhaMti...gItA pa.41). uttarAdhyayanamAM AvA vicAro punarAvartana pAmatA rahyA che, jema ke nadI po nanne gAya norvaniuDu vArikhA, parva nitte diM te vaye gUma mahA ra1.27 (pANImAM UgeluM padma pANIthI jema lapAtuM nathI tema je kAmathI alipta che tene ame brAhmaNa kahIe chIe sarakhAvo - uttaUte sa pAuna paISafmavAmA gItA pa. 10 ane pucho vAri yathA niSpati suttanipAta 44.9, juo 44.8). uttarAdhyayananI 9. 14 gAthA - fmahilADumANa 7 ne gurU fhvA (mithilA saLagI rahI che tyAre mAruM kAMI baLatuM nathI). bahu ja prakhyAta che ane te lagabhaga ghaNA graMthomAM maLI Ave che tevuM zArapenTIyare (pR.314) noMdhyuM che (dA.ta. jAtakakathA pa39, saMyuttanikAya 1, mahAvastu 3, mahAbhArata 12.9917 I., juo Alsadophe- KI.Sch. pR.221 : mahAbhArata-jAtakakathAnA AdhAre A gAthA racAI che!). AvA virakata rAgadveSathI para vidvAnane kAMI priya-apriya hotuM nathI. te sarvatra samatAthI varte che (fpavuM vijJa ye fpa vina - uttarAdhyayana 9.15). chAMdogya upaniSada mujaba te mukta azarIrI hotAM tene priya-apriya sparzatAM nathI (zarIra vAva santa priya pRd: 8.12.1). Aje prApta thatA uttarAdhyayanamAM maLI AvatI kSepaka gAthAonI pRSTha bhUmikAmAM mULa prAcIna uttarAdhyayananI vairAgyalakSI kAvyaracanAmAM zarU thato jaina paraMparAno eka prAcIna itihAsa daSTigocara thAya che. Adhunika jaina darzanamAM svIkArelA ghaNA zAstra siddhAnto AjanA uttarAdhyayanamAM maLI rahe che. paraMtu AvI paristhiti ApaNane dazavaikAlikamAM nathI maLatI. 3) dazavaikAlikanAM kula 1-12 adhyayanomAM chellAM be adhyayano (11-12) cUlikA kahevAya che. A badhAM adhyayanomAM AcArAMga-vicAradhArA kaMIka judI rIte rajU thaI che. temAM paNa samadarzI, damanazIlane pApakarma bAMdhatuM nathI ema kahyuM che (juo huM 1.3). bhikSAmAM kAMI maLe ke na maLe to temAM teNe harSa ke zoka na karavo (5.2.30 = AcAra 1 2.5.89 juo huM 1.2). krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha punarbhavanAM muLa siMcanArAM che. (839). kAcabAnAM aMgonI jema vidvAne sarva iMdriyone aMdara (cittamAM) saMkelI levI ane sAMsArika viSayothI gupta rahevuM (8.40, 44, juo upara), dazavaikAlika jiteMdriya ane satyarata tapasvIne mAnArha ane pUjya gaNe che (9.3.13, satyarata mATe juo 7 1.8mAM 3). dazavaikAlika 4, AcAra I: zastraparijJAnI pUrvabhUmikA para racAyuM che. temAM pAMca vratonA vistAra sAthe rAtrI-bhojana-tyAga-pUrvaka bhikSunA niyamo darzAvyA che. temAM AvatA cha-jIvanikA zabdathI pRthvI, pANI, ityAdi cha padArthomAM ke tenI AsapAsa rahetAM prANIonuM varNana che (juo takSiNa - 6.27, 31, 42, 45, 104, ta pa = tAzrita - dazavaikAlika cUrNi pR.103 mujaba jIvanikA = nivAsa juo upara ha7 1.1.1 ane 1.1.2), dazavaikAlika muktAtmAne sarvasaMgarahita (satrasaMva , 10.16) kahe che, te saMvuDa che, damanazIla che (9, 4-10). dazavaikAlike tenAM adhyayanomAM bhAvanAne khUba mahattva ApyuM che (dA.ta. 1.4.1-6, 6.9-26, 8.2-12, - samagra dRSTie jotAM adhyayano 1-3, 5, 8, 10, 12). tema tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM (dA.ta. 4,6) pAMca mahAvrato ane cha-javanikAne anusarI to koIvAra bhAvanAne anusarI (dA.ta. adhyayana 7 - satyavratanI bhAvanAo, ane adhyayana 11) vivecana karyuM che. dazavaikAli 9 ane uttarAdhyayana 1 nAM viSayavastu (guru-ziSya-vinaya) sarakhAM jAya che, tathA dazavaikAlika 10 ane uttarAdhyayana 15, e baMnenAM zIrSaka ane luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ rUpa

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dhruvapaMktio (sa-trivadhU) sarakhI jAya che (juo upara, 2mAM). dazavaikAlikanI mAdhukarIbhikSAvRtti (mahuArasamA...nALA-piMDa-rasyA...sAduLo 1.5 bhamarAnI samAna vividha piMDa - bhikSAtramAM rata sAdhuo) brAhmaNa paraMparAnA munionI mAdhukara-bhaikSa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya (dA.ta. saMnyAsa upaniSada 71 vonmAyurM zaikSa tintRnAvatti mlecchonA kuTuMbamAMthI paNa yati bhamarAnI jema - mAdhukara - bhikSAtra le, ane nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 7 mAdhukaravRtyAhAramAharan mAdhukarI - vRttithI - bhamarAnI jema - AhAra karatAM...) dazavaikAlika 9 nA cAra abhigamo (vinaya-zruta-tapa-AcAra) vaTTakeranA mUlAcAra 5 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga I nI apekSAe dazavaikAlikamAM jaina darzananAM keTalAka tattvonI paripakava bhUmikA vyakta thAya che, jema ke jaina darzananAM jIva-ajIva (4.12-14), pApa-puNya, baMdha-mokSa (4.15-16), saMvara (4.19), jevAM tattvo, tathA jJAna-darzana (4.21-22, 6.1), jaina AgamonA arthamAM zruta-sUtra (1.6, 9.4). kadAca, sUtrakRtAMga I ane dazavaikAlika, ema baMnenI pravRtti ane pracAranI kSetramaryAdA bhinna bhinna paNa hoI zake, athavA dazavaikAlikamAM bIjAM adhyayanonI apekSAe 4thuM adhyayana 'navuM" hoya. dazavaikAlika pa-piDesaNAnA keTalAka niyamo saMnyAsa upaniSada 59-102, nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 5.836 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. uparAMta dazavaikAlika 4.7 duM vare?...huM se?......mAsaMto, sarakhAvo gItA 2.54 tri pramALeta? vimAsIta ? vrakheta vim ? ane dazavaikAlika 9.1.15 nA sau... f...navatta--tArA-rivuDappA, che sopha vimale ama-mu. (nakSatra ane tArA gaNothI gherAyelo caMdra jema vAdaLAM vagaranA vimaLa AkAzamAM zobhI rahe che...), sarakhAvo nAtra-tA-prada-saMtApi khyotiSmatI caMdramaAva rAtri: kAlidAsaraghuvaMza 6.22., vagere, vagere.4 upara NAvyuM te AdhAre spaSTa thAya che ke jaina AgamonA prAcIna staromAM maLI AvatI aneka paribhASAo aupaniSada athavA brAhmaNa vicAradhArA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che; athavA aupaniSada ane jaina (tathA bauddha) vicAradhArAo eka ja paraMparAmAMthI janmI che ema kahI zakAya che. tevI keTalIka viziSTa vicAradhArAonI to ahIM saMkSepamAM noMdha mAtra lIdhI che, te uparAMta thoDIka noMdha ahIM-AgaLa- prastuta karavAmAM Ave che. AcAra-brahmacaryamAM lepa-nirlepa (2.2.74, 2.5.89, 2.6.103) karatAM sakta-asaktanI paribhASA (dA.ta. 1.6.72-sarakhAvoH sUtrakRtAMga II 6.19.27, 3.1.107, 5.2.153,154, 5.6.176, 6.1.178;180, vagere) vizeSa jaNAya che. A sAthe sarakhAvoH chAMdogya upaniSada 4.14.3, 5.10.10, kaTha upaniSada 2.5.15, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.24 tathA 3.8.8, 4.4.6, vagere. vaLI, AcAra-zastraparikSAmAM ''sarvamAM AtmA che"-tevA prakAranA jJAnanA saMdarbhamAM vikasita zabdaprayogo ane lepa-nirlepa ke sakta-asaktanI paribhASA uparAMta vicaratA-viharatA bhikSuo mATe paNa sAMsArika vAtAvaraNanA saMdarbhamAM keTalAka navA zabdaprayogo janma pAmyA; jemake: yata-saMyama, apramatta-pramatta, vita, uparata, upazAMta, samyaktvadarzI, gupta-agupta, vagere. AcAra-brahmacaryamAM hajI aMtaHkaraNanI khAsa koI paribhASAno janma thayo na hato. hAsa- sparza e tvacAno viSaya gaNAyo nathI. iMdriya-zabda paNa AcAra-brahmacaryanA 8mA adhyayanamAM ja Ave che, paNa A adhyayana prAcIna nathI. AcAra brahmacaryanA keTalAka zabdaprayogo (jemake: vAraMvAra AvatA guNa-zabda uparAMta, naTa-zabdaH 5.1.151, ane madhyastha-zabda 8.8.zloka 5, vagere) prAcIna sAMkhya vicAradhArAnI asara sUcave che. yAkobI (45.SBE) ane zuSkIMge (SSSS 10-11) A aMge aneka sUcano karyAM che. ghU dhAtu pApa ke karma-zarIra khaMkherI nAkhavAnA arthamAM jema AcAra-brahmacaryamAM (sUtra= 99, 141, 161, vagere) ke dazavaikAlikamAM (9.3.15) vaparAyo che tema te chAMdogya upaniSada (8.rU.1. viya pApaM, bhUtvA 36 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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zarIrama), kauSItaki upaniSada (1.4 suta-tukta dhUna), maitrAyaNi upaniSada (4.2 nirdUta-mata.), vagere upaniSadomAM paNa vaparAyo che. uttarakAlIna vikAsamAM pApane khaMkherI nAkhavA ke khapAvavA mATe (nirjara) ane pUrvakRta karmonI" kalpanA zarU thaI, jemake dazavaikAlika 6,68, 9.3.15, 10.7 tathA sUtrakRtAMga 1.15.22, uttarAdhyayane 3.20, AcAra II 16.8, vagere. A rIte jainadarzanamAM kALakrame pAMcajJAnano vikAsa thayo tathA naya. saptabhaMgI jevI prakriyAo astitvamAM AvatI gaI. AvA samaya daramiyAna karma-raja, karma-prakRti jevI paribhASAo jaina vicAradhArAmAM janma pAmI. AmAM vikasita dazAnA sAMkhya siddhAMtanI asara spaSTa thAya che. jainadarzanamAM karmanA navA siddhAMtana kAma jevA "yoga"thI jIvamAM karmano Asrava thAya che, pariNAme jIva karma-kaSAyathI kaluSita bane che evA vicAro janmyA. AvA karmanA siddhAMtane lIdhe prAcIna jaina Agama-aMzomAMthI maLI AvatAM jIvanAM svAbhAvika lakSaNo visarAtAM gayAM - aMdhArAmAM osarAtAM gayAM. jIva svabhAve ja asakta, nirlepa gaNAto, te have ghaNA svAbhAvika guNovALo banyo (juo glAsenakha pAnuM 18); jemake jIva svabhAve ja parivartanazIla che, pravRttizIla che ane kaluSita (kaSAyayukta) paNa bane che. tenI judI judI vezyAo paNa hoya che (juo uttarAdhyayana 34 ane Adoryu - AryA pA. 214, vistAra mATe juo zUbIMga - huDuM 97-98). te judA judA pradezo paNa dharAve che (juo dazavaikAlika niryukti 136). te kartA paNa che ane bhoktA paNa che. teno ajIva padArtha sAtheno saMbaMdha kalpita nathI, yathArtha che. jIva parimita che, zarIranA parimANa jevaDo che, vagere uttarakAlIna vikasita dazAmAM ane Aje paNa pracalita thayelA jainadarzanamAM sahaja maLI AvatA jIvanA uparyukta svAbhAvika guNonA samarthana mATe saMkSepamAM nIce ApelI gAthAo paryApta udAharaNa pUruM pADe che: jadi suho va asuho na havadi AdA sayaM sahAveNa / saMsAro vi 3 vinnati sancesa nIvayA || (pravacanasAra, 1.46) jo AtmA nijI svabhAvathI ja zubha ke azubha na thato hoya to sarve jIvono saMsAra paNa na hoya ! (juo bhaTTa, ZDMG). sarakhAvoH micchA bhavetu savvatthA je keI pAraloiyA / kattA covabhottA ya jadi jIvo Na vijjaI // (dazavaikAlika, niryukti, 128). upaniSadonI tathA AcAra-zastraparijJAnI prAcIna vicAradhArAmAM karma nahIM, paNa tenAthI thatA rAga-dveSa - Asakti - ja jIvane baMdhanarUpa hatAM, karma gauNa hatuM. paraMtu have ""navA" jainadarzanamAM rAga-dveSAdine mukhya baMdhanarUpa gayA to kharAM, paNa tenA karatAMya karmane vizeSa prAdhAnya ApyuM. rAgadveSAdine kaSAyamAM AvarI laI jaina vicArakoe samagra karma-prakRtino sUkSma vistAra Adaryo. karmano ATha prakAre vibhAga thayo. darekanAM prakRti-sthiti-anubhAvapradeza kalpavAmAM AvyAM. teonAM aNu pradezayukta gaNAyAM. teo pApa-karma ane zubha-karmane, jJAna tathA darzanane, nAma tathA Ayune - saune - sameTI le che. A ane AvA aneka prakAranI navI vikasita prakriyA pAchaLa zuM kAraNa haze? AcAra-zastraparikSAnI tUTaka - veravikhera - gahana vicAradhArAnA UMDA abhyAsanI rahI javA pAmelI paraMparAgata upekSA, ke zastraparijJAnA paryApta jJAnano abhAva paNa tenuM kAraNa hoI zake. athavA to, prAcIna sAMkhya paraMparAmAMthI ja jainadarzanamAM AvI koI navI vikAsa-prakriyA zarU thaI hoya. ane AvAM badhAM kAraNo jainadarzanane prAcIna aupaniSada darzanathI bhinna gaNAvavA kadAca sahAyaka thaI paDayAM hoya.. jainadarzananA ati prAcIna maulika siddhAMto lagabhaga taddana ajJAta luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 37

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aMdhakArapaTamAM rahI javA pAchaLa A sarve kAraNoe eka sAthe vattA ochA aMze mukhya bhAga bhajavyo hoya ema lAge che. upaniSadomAM paNa koI amuka vicAradhArAnI saLaMgasUtratA jaLavAI rahI nathI. temAM paNa kALakrame vikAsa thato gayo che. temAM sAMkhyayoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, vedAMta, vagere uttarakAlIna dArzanika vicArasaraNIonA srota maLe che. A dArzanika vicArasaraNInA AdhAre vikaselA advaita, dvaita, dvaitAdvaita, viziSNadvaita, vagere matamatAMtaro ke zaiva, vaiSNava, vagere prakAranA saMpradAyo-dharmoe upaniSadone to samagradRSTie potapotAnI vicAraNAnA Adi gnotarUpe svIkAryA paNa che. A sarve mato-dharmonA vikAsanI kAMI parAkASThA ApaNane purANomAMthI prApta thAya che, ema kahI zakAya. A starone sUcavavA ahIM ''hiMdu" zabda rUDha thayo. 5 hidu-dharma koI eka viziSTa dharma nathI, paNa te aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAMthI janmelI sarva prakAranI vicArasaraNIono ghAtaka,-sarvane AvarI leto, eka sAmAnya zabda che. A prakAromAM jaina (ane bauddha) mata paNa samAI jAya. paraMtu jaina vicArakoe temanI vicAradhArAne aupaniSada vicAradhArAthI bhinna gaNAvavA koziza karI.36 "zubha ane azubha, jJAna ane ajJAna, nAma ane rUpa,-te badhuM avidyA che, ane jIva mukti na pAme tyAM lagI-baMdhanadazA sudhI ja - te sarvenI jALamAM phasAyelo rahe che'-AvA prakAranAM aupaniSada vicAradhArAnA siddhAMtonuM hArda sUcavatAM vidhAno sAthe jainadarzananA siddhAMtonuM hArda sUcavatAM vidhAno-jevAM ke." zubha ane azubha, jJAna ane darzana, nAma ane gotra, vagere badhuM karmaprakRti ke kaSAyanA lIdhe hoya che, ane jIva mukti na pAme tyAM lagIja te sarvenI jALamAM phasAyelo rahe che"-sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. AvAM baMne prakAranAM vidhAnomAM paribhASA ja bhinna tarI Ave che eTaluM ja; paraMtu te sivAya temAM bhAgye ja koI tAttvika bheda jaNAze. prAcIna vicAradhArAmAM tema ja AcAra-zastraparijJAnI vicAradhArAmAM jIvanAM lakSaNo aneka rIte samAna jatAM, paNa jainadarzanane jainetara-darzanathI bhinna citaravA ke koI evA AzayathI ziSTasamayanA uttarakAlIna (Azare I.sa. 2-3 sadI pachInA) jaina vicArakoe karma-kaSAyanA siddhAMtathI jIvanAM lakSaNonI anyathA punaHvicAraNA karI, te lakSaNomAM pheraphAra karyA ane aMte, teo jIvane saMpUrNa jaina-lakSaNovALo karI mUkIne viramyA. temaNe jIvanA pAyAnAM svabhAvagata lakSaNonA vicAro vahetA mUkanArA zastraparijJAnA maulika siddhAMto para sakhata ""AghAta" karyo. pariNAme, jainadarzananA maulika siddhAMto pAMgare te pahelAM ja te para aMdhakAra-pacheDo paDyo. AcArazastraparijJAnA maulika siddhAMtonuM A prakaraNa prAcIna bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA itihAsamAM hajI paNa taddana ajANyuM ane aMdhakAramaya rahyuM che ! 38 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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* pAdaTIpa0 zeTha bhoLAbhAI je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana (amadAvAda)mAM ''bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAnamALA'nA upakrame meM ApelAM kula cAra saMzodhanAtmaka bhASaNomAMthI, aMgrejImAMnAM pahelAM traNa bhASaNo (viSaya:The Idea ofAhimsa and Asceticismin Ancient Indian Tradition, Recent text. historical analysis of Vedic rituals with special reference to the so-called "Sramanism."tA. 22 thI 24.2.1993) uparAMta, gujarAtI bhASAmAM ApelA (tA. 25.2.1993) cothA bhASaNane ahIM saMzodhanAtmaka lekharUpe prasiddha karavAmAM Ave che. mULa prAcInatA jaina AgamomAM vaidika vicAradhArAnI asara nIce vikasatI jaina vicAradhArA, temaja vaidika vicAradhArAthI viruddha evI Aryetara manAtI zramaNa saMskRtinI nirAdhAratA darzAvavAno A lekhano mukhya uddezya che. AvA ane anya vicArone sAMkaLI leto eka vistArapUrNa saMzodhana-graMtha huM taiyAra karI rahyo chuM. temAMnI thoDI gaNI mAhitI A lekhamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. uparyukta aMgrejI bhASaNo pustakarUpe zeTha bho.je. vidyAbhavana dvArA 1995mAM prakAzita thaI cUkyAM che. - baMsIdhara bhaTTa. 1. juo, yAkobI - 22, pR. 3, Ti. 2 2. vaidika yajJanI paribhASAmAM pazune yajJamAM hiMsA mATe laI javA mAnakhate pakaDI rAkhavAnA arthamAM), mArI nAkhavA saMjJAti (saMmati darzAvyAnA arthamAM) to koIvAra mumata (svargamAM javA mokalavuM, tevA arthamAM), vadha karanArane zamayitA (duHkha zamAvanAra, mukta karanAranA arthamAM) jevA prayogo jovA maLe che. samaya jatAM mAnate mArapate jevo zabda hiMsA mATe ke hisAthe zastra pakaDavAnA arthamAM pracalita thayo. (juo, AcAra niyukti 102-samApada vyApati zIlAMka-TIkA pR.23). AvI paribhASA mATe juo phAnsa eTela- Euphemismin der vedischen Prosa... (vaidika gadyamAM prazaMsArthaka zabda vikalpa...) Sitenen. Bayer. Akad.1942. jaina vicArako ane vaidika yajJa, ityAdi mATe juo Alsado 1961 5.47-49 (pariziSTa 1), hAnsa petara midata - The Origin of Ahimsa Melanges D'Indianisme, Paris 1968 pR.625-655; bhaTTa-1995 prakaraNa 4-5 (juo pR. 5 para TippaNI), mA-rapa mATe juo koyapara "vArapAm 1657 (pR.156 159), 1958 (pR.309-310). 3. A muddAnI vistRta carcA mATe Alsado 1961 pR.570thI AgaLa, bhaTTa-1995 - prakaraNa 4 (pR.1 paranuM TippaNa). 4. gautama dharmasUtra 3.22 nA vivecana mATe : vejhalera 1986 pR.474-475, Ti.78 tathA 1987 pR.111-131; mitahAseinapR.3, Ti,15. sarakhAvo chAMdogya upaniSada da.11.1 AgaLa Ti. 30. jemake RgvadaH thAtuzaraNaM jayate (1.18.5); pagUMtha sthAtRzrayaM vAdi (2.72.6), nAta taduparza (1.115.1 = atharvaveda 13.2.35) gatiH thatumayI (4.63.6), aitareya upaniSada gaMDajJAni 1 nAnAna vaccenA dvijJAti 4...gaM gaM va patri ya thAvaram (rU.3). hyumanA mate ahIM maMDanAnaprakSipta che.-uparAMta, chAMdogya upaniSada (da.3.1) ane cetAzvatara upaniSada (3.18). vadhu mAhitI mATe juo hAnephelDa pR.14-147, mitahAusena pR.61-63,80, ane zubIMga 7 118, zUbIMga.voma.pR.70,Ti.3. 6. vaidika sAhityamAM prANa-AtmA ane prajJA-AtmAnA vivecana mATe vAlera rUbenakRta Die Philosophie der Upanisaden (aupaniSada tattvajJAna) para pAuva hAkeranI vistRta samIkSA (ZDMC-1950 pR.395-398) juo. 7, zubrIge A sUtronA gadyapAThanI amaulikatA viSe vivecana karyuM che (juo zUbIMga.voma.pR17-18,69-72). cha jIva nikAyamAM AvAM nAmo mATe juoH AcAra I.4.2.139, AcAra 1.8.3.211 (agnikAya), dazavaikAlika (anekavAra), 6.27-28, 10.1-5, uttarAdhyayana 12.38-41, bIMga.. . 7104 dazavaikAlika 6.27,31,42mAM "Azrita" ane uttarAdhyayana 12 mAM " "nizcita'' zabdothI spaSTa thAya che ke pRthvI, pANI, vagere padArthomAM jIvo rahe che, paNa te jIvo pRthvIkAya che evo artha dRSTi nathI. nikAya (zarIra) zabda mATe juo. zvetAzvatara upaniSada 3.7.. ithaniyaM sarvabhUteSu jUDham (badhAM prANIonA zarIramAM aMdara raheluM), ahIM niAtha = zarIra (zAMkarabhASya); vadhu mAhitI mATe juo- hAuzilTa, pR17. 8. kIsamasanI yathArtha saMjJA gujarAtImAM nahIM maLatAM ahIM aMgrejI zabda prayoga karyo che. kIesamasa eTale samAnArthI zabda yojanAvALAM be samAMtara vAkyomAMthI bIjAnAM zabdonI kAMIka UlaTI yojanA. TUMkamAM, be vAkyomAM anyonyanA zabdonI UlaTasUlaTa cokaDI (x)jevI goThavaNI; dA.ta. vaidika sAhityamAM - zyAmI ched vpado zavanA naM pa (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.13.1). mastIti vennati tavA nAsta veta.. ane rivara satyamantAbhAve vadina 2 (tejobiMdu upaniSada 5.26, 37)..... zastra parijJAmAM..tya satya samAraMbhamArU Drance te mAmA aparipatA avaMti ~ satyaM masamAraMbhamAsa dRzvete mArA pitA avaMti (2.16, kula cha vAra punarAvartana mATe juo upara), ne to abbhAikkhati se attANaM abbhAikkhati je attANaM abbhAikkhati se logaM abbhAikkhati (3.22, 4.32), je dIhalogassa khettaNNe se asatthassa khettnnnne| je asatthassa khetaNNe se dIhalogassa khettaNNe (4.32), je ajjhatthaM jANati se bahiyA jANati / je bahiyA jANati se ajjhatthaM jANati (7.56), vagere. AvI UlaTasUlaTI zabda racanAvALA kIsamasa sAthe vaitAlIya chaMdaracanA (juo vaitAlIya adhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.1) ane kaMIka anyonya-alaMkAra nI paNa tulanA karI zakAya, sarakhAvo- zazinAM 2 ahIM zastraparijJA sUtra 3.20ane AcAra II.1.2.3.443 sarakhAM che (zulkIMga.voma.pR.29, Ti.1) luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 39

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9. bhAvArtha: pAMca (iMdriyonA) pravAhanAM jaLavALA...pAMca prakAranA AvartavALA ane pAMca du:kharUpI pUrapravAhanA vegavALA... pAMca duHkhonAM) baMdhano (nadI/srota) ame jANIe chIe (1.5.6); e brahma (saMsAra) cakramAM jIva (haMsa) aTavAyA kare che (1.6), vidvAna sarve pravAho tarI jAya (2.8), guNothI saMkaLAyelAM karmo zarU karIne...( Ama- sarakhAvo--mAma ! 6.4). vistRta mAhitI mATe juo hAuzilTa pR.5-, 12, 282, hyuma.pR.398 sarakhAvoH pataMjalinA yogasUtra (2.15) para vyAsabhASyamAM- du:otA gUna. "duHkhonA pravAhathI dUra ghasaDAI jatA...". tathA chAMdogya upaniSada 4.15, 6:-... v mAnavamAvate nAvartane nAvartane. (teo) A mAnava-AvartamAM pAchA AvatA nathI, pAchA AvatA nathI. Avarta eTase pAchA AvavuM, punarjanma.. nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 9.4-5. strota uparathI jaina darzanamAM Asrava zabda utpanna thayo che. 10. brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM ane AcAra brahmacaryamAM samAMtara cAlI AvatA AvA AdarzanI pAchaLa be muddA spaSTa tarI Ave che, rahasyamaya (mystic) Atmatattva ane tenA jJAnathI jJAnInI rahasyamaya ucca sthiti. parAkASThA. evI sthitinI ahIM prazaMsAmAtra karavAmAM AvI che ke te jJAnI baMdha ane mokSathI, pApa ane puNyathI ke laukika nItiniyamothI taddana para che. AvAM vidhAnone ahIM zabdazaH ke yathArtha ghaTAvavAnAM hotAM nathI. AvI prAcIna jaina vicAradhArAno uttarakAlIna AgamagraMthomAM pheraphAra thayo, dA.ta. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1. 27-29. 11. AvA prayogo mATe juo vAkeranegala I. 1. 6 12-DI, hITanInuM saMskRta vyAkaraNa 6 13.16 sarakhAvo= ApakhaMba dharmasUtra 2.26.20; kaTha upaniSada 5.4; lUDo rozara. Joi 22. 1972, pR.11. 12. sarakhAvo- prabhAta-kSetrajJa-ta"nezaH (zvetAzvatara upaniSada 6.16); uparAMta maitrAyaNi upaniSada 2.5. ane gItA-adhyAya 13; kSetrajJa kSetravidanA vizada varNana mATe juo sarvasAra upaniSada 1.8; ane AvI paribhASA mATe juo vielma rAu- Staat and Gesellschaft in alten indien (prAcIna bhAratamAM rAjaya ane samAja), vasabADana 1957, pR.52. kSetrajJa zabda brAhmaNa graMthomAM pAribhASika zabda rahyo che. 13. AcAra-cUrNi (pR.143) ane tene anusarIne zIlAMka (AcAra-pR.124-125) ahIM nivArano artha "nijhAca= vyavasthAtha' kare che te yathArtha nathI. sUtra4.2.139ne AcAra 2.3.78 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vaLI, A sUtramAMthI (4.2.139) "fk.ti " sudhInI paMkti AcAra 1.6.49mAM prakSipta thaI che (juo upara huM 1.1.2). ahIM, samyakatvamAM ane sUtrakRtAMgamAM (1.1. "samaya" adhyayananA) vicAro samAMtara jatA lAge che. samaya zabda "kALanuM eka sUkSmatama parimANa (kSaNa?)", uparAMta "prasaMga", "yogya paLa" va. arthamAM paNa vaparAya che (juo AlsaTorka-dumapattaya-uttarAdhyayana 10; KI.Sch,pR.228). 14. dA.ta. muni, anagAra - 2.2.71; virAga-3.3.123, parivrAja - 2.5.88, 3.3, 124, 5.5, 166, 5.6.173; brahmacaryA 4.4.143, 5.2.155; tathA sarakhAvo- 2.3.78, 2.6,97, 2.6.101, ityAdi. 15. A vAkyamAM AvatA daMtanuM zabdanA bIjA cAra samAnArthI zabdonI (juo upara huM 1.4 mAM "zabdADaMbaro"- Cliche) yojanA karI bIjAM cAra vAkyono vistAramAtra karyo che. te badhAMno artha upara jaNAvyA mujaba ja thAya che. vaLI, taddA...dhA. pachI AvatA vAkyano (majuveyane akhani = daMtabaMti nAbapatthA.- saMskRtamAM -"manuna-gAmanA ya dantavyama' tina-mapriti"- AtmAe jemake 'haNavuM joIe? 'evuM anusaMvedana - phaLasvarUpa jJAna? - na icchavuM?) artha karavo muzkela che. AvAM badhAM vAkyonA pATha AgamonI vAcanAomAM badalAI gayA lAge che...AvA arthamAM juo dazavaikAlika 6.10( daLe no 3 thAya), suttanipAta 705 (nonezcana pAta, bIMga-AcAra pR.78 parathI), dhammapada 129/203 (naiva hRthya dhAta), udAnavarga 5.19 (naiva cAtra vAta), mahAvastu 3.387.13 (naiva vAta). 16. juo hAjara KI.sch.Topos and Chresis ojasa = vIrya, teja - AcAra 6.5.196 (juo zIlAMka-AcAra pR.171). sUtrakRtAMga I. 4.1.11, 4.2.1, 14.21 mAM zera zabdaprayoga thayo che. temAM sUtrakRtAMga-cUrNie ojasa no artha "rAgadveSa rahita" ke "ekalo, paNa kuTuMbane vazavartI" (pR.134) karyo che (juo yAkobI.45 pR.52 tathA AlsadoryuisthiritrapR.207-11-sI ane pR.211-1e, ane bole-1, pR.151). (gaNitanI paribhASAmAM viSamarAzi mATe ojasa zabdaprayoga thAya che.) lokasAranA A sUtramAM (5.6.179) go sAthe gapratikAra zabda joDAyo che teno arthaH nirAlaMbana - pratiSThAnathI para ke pratiSThAna rahita thAya. kAraNa ke ahIM AtmatattvanuM prakaraNa che. (jaina darzana mujabanA vizvaracanA-vidhAnamAM apratiSThAna nAmanuM eka naraka che, paNa te ahIM mAnya nathI.), AcAra-brahmacaryamAM kSetrajJa zabda sAthe nakArArthaka chaThThI vibhakti ekavacanavALA zabdonA prayoga thayA che, te vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. ahIM A sUtramAM pratiSThAna eTale nirAlaMbana (sarakhAvo AcAra I. 16.804 se dUniArtavamaMTTi... te nirAlaMbana, pratiSThAthI para che!), ojasa ane tejanA saMdarbhamAM sarakhAvo - teja -nisarga ane tapa-teja, samuddhAta, va. (zUchIMga hRha 89, 181). 17. upaniSadomAM saMjJA ane mukta jIvAtmAnA vivaraNa mATe juo yAkobIKI.SchpR.771 ane hAnephelDa. pU.105-109 ityAdi. 18. mahAnizIthasUtra (Abh. J. Konig). Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss...1918), dazavaikAlika (amadAvAda-1932), Studien zum Mahanisitha (mahAnizIthanuM adhyayana) 6-8; hAmanIsAthe; ANIS 1951, 1-5; dabhUsAthe. ANIs 1963; AcAradazA, vyavahAra, nizItha; meDama kayA 40 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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sAthe, ANIs 1966. juo piMDesaNA-, ADelahAIDa meTTa Ak, Wiss. Lit. Mainz 1973.dA.ta. gugamAyA pahANa,dazAzrutaskaMdha 6.150 =..reta...yumAtrAvalIjI 'dhUMsarInA aMtara jeTale dUra joIne vihAra karavo...zAdhyAyanIya upaniSada 18. vistAra mATe juo bhaTTa.1978 pR.76-79. 19. vistAra mATe juo rizArDa hAuzilTaMetische Sticke in der Chandogya Upanisad (chAMdogya upaniSadamAM chaMdabaddha padyapaMktio) Die sprache... vIlabADana 1961, pR.32-63.. 20. juo. kaTha upaniSada 1.2.17; prazna upaniSada 5.5.; muMDaka upaniSada 1.2.6, 2.2.6; chAMdogya upaniSada 4.15.6 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 6.2.15; chAMdogya upaniSada 8.4.3; 8.5.4; 8.12.6; bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3.6.1, 4.3.32-33, 4.4.23. aupaniSada ane prAcIna pAli ke bauddha darzanamAM AvatA brahmalokanA ullekho mATenA horzanA vicAro mATe juo pR.468-429. 21. samrATa azoka (buddhanA nirvANa pachI 218 varSe rAjyAbhiSeka; I.sa. pUrve 3-0 sadI) upara paNa AvA lokadharma ke lokavicAranI asara thaI hatI. maulikadhammapado paNa bauddhamatanI asara rahita che. AnA vistAra mATe juo - Alsadopha: The Akhyana Theory Reconsidered, JOI. 13, 1963-1964, pR.195-207 khAsa pR. 202-203; Bemerkungen zum vessantara Jataka (vesmatara jAtaka para TippaNa), 1957, KI.sch. pR.270-339, khAsa pR.338-339, Zu den Asoka-Inschriften (azokanA zilAlekho vize). 1959-1960, KI.Sch.pR.455-463, 9.90. mahAvIranI (janma-kaMDapuramAM) ane buddhanI (janma kapila vastumAM) samaya maryAdA (mauryavaMzanA prAraMbhamAM) I.sa. pUrve 4thI sadInI AsapAsa, ople SOA IRIE - Die Datieraug des Buddha... ( 24 Asiu), Saeculam 39.1; 1988, Die Lebenszeit des Buddha...(& -t jIvanasamaya), gyoTIMgana 1986, pR. 121-184. 22. I.sa. pUrve Azare bIjI sadImAM magadhamAM jainadarzananI pahelI vAcanA thaI te vakhate AcAra, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana, maulika svarUpathI sudhArAvadhArA sAthe kaMIka vRddhi pAmI cUkyAM hatAM tene zUchIMga "prAcIna Agama" (Senior Canons) kahe che. temane samayanI daSTie kaMIka A rIte kramamAM mUkI zakAya - AcAra 1, AcAra , sUtrakatAMgA,dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana. A samaye temanA adhyayanomAM vibhAgo ane nAmo paNa apAI cUkyAM hatAM. I.sanI chaThThI sadImAM - eTale ke mahAvIranA nirvANane lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa vItyA pachI, gujarAtanA valabhImAM chellI vAcanA thaI, te vakhate jaina Agamo aneka sudhArAvadhArA sAthe kadamAM ane saMkhyAmAM vRddhi pAmI cUkyAM hatAM; ane te rIte temanuM saMkalana thayuM. mahAvIranA jIvanakALa daramiyAna to phakta sAmayika (paheluM "Avazyaka"),--- AcAra-bahmacarya-mAM zastraparijJA, bhikSuonA keTalAka niyamo, vagere ja astitvamAM AvyuM haze. 23. juo bole 1. pR.57, thIma KI.sch. pR.790, sUtrakRtAMga 1.9.1 upara cUrNi pR. 217, ane te para yAkobI-45 nI noMdha. mahAvIranuM kuLanAma jJAta gotranAma kAzyapa, mULanAma vardhamAna ane jaina paraMparAnuM nAma mahAvIra, e nAmo A krame uttarottara vaparAtAM gayAM, sarakhAvo mAlavaNIAno A saMbaMdhamAM lekha. The Synchronism of the Buddha and the Jina Mahavira and the Problem of Chronology in Early Jainism (Symposien...) gyoTIMgana 1991, pR. 132-137. 24. juo epha eDarTananA The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy (1965) paranI pAula hokaranI samIkSA (Ilj. 11, 1968, pR. 38- . 40); ta AtmatattvanA arthamAM vaparAtuM, sarakhAvo - AcAra 4.4.146 para zIlAMka paNa satyane Rta kahe che (pR.130) ! vaLI juo dazavaikAlika 9.3.13:...niki savAra sapuno... 25. AcAra brahmacaryamAMthI upara nirdezelA ullekhomAM vecavI zabda para cUrNi ane zIlAMkaH(1) AcAra 3.1.107 upara cUrNi (pR.106) - tijaH nena sau vero, te yatIti kevI (jenAthI jJAna thAya che te veda, je tenuM jJAna Ape che te vedavida = tIrthakara ke gaNadhara). zIlAMka (pR.103) vedate nIvArisvarUpa-neti re - AvA/dAma:, te verIti vevita... . (2) AcAra 4.4.145 upara cUrNi (pR.152) - veDhe geLa to vero - sutta, te niti, veDhavI - (jenAthI jaNAve che te veda - sUtra, veda (sUtra), je jaNAve che te vedavida = sUtravida). zIlAMka (pR.130) ve-Anarta reti vevata - sarvajJopavezavartItyartha (3) AcAra 5.4.163 upara cUrNi (pR.185)- suvAto vA pravate vero, saMje veta ja vecatI (veda eTale bAra aMgo ke pravacana, teje jaNAve che te vedavida = tIrthakara, gaNadhAra). zIlAMka (pR.145) vevata-tIrtho ...vA mAnavatTrSa:, caturdazapUrvavid vA. (4) ...bAphavaSe vimA kveirevI - AcAra 6.5.196 (..vedavida kahe, vizleSaNa kare, vakhANa) upara cUrNi (pR.237)- tibbar3a gaLeLa veto, veniMtti vero, jIvAhitye velAtIti kevI (jenAthI jJAna thAyate veda, je jaNAve che te veda, jIvAdi padArthonuM je jJAna Ape che te vedavida = tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, i.) zIlAMka (pR. 171) veva6 - mAnava-ti. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 41

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AcAra-niryukti 11mAM (pR.4) "brahmacaryanAM nava adhyayanovALo veda" jevA zabdothI vedanI pratiSThA jeTalI AcArAMganI pratiSThA jaNAvI che. (AcAra-niyukti 11 prakSipta gAthA che. mULe te nizItha bhASya gAthA.1 che, ahIM AcAramAM tenuM punarAvartana thayuM che. juo zUbIMga chedasUtra pR.92, pAdarI naM.18 upara ane bhaTTa 1997-88 pR.101). AcArAMgamAM AvatA vedavida zabdanA saMdarbhamAM paM. mAlavaNIAnA keTalAMka vidhAnonI saMkSipta samIkSA ahIM anivArya thaI paDe che, jema ke: "...commentaries such as Niryukti and Curni betray fascination for the Vedas... But the Acaranga Curni (p. 185)...says that the twelve angas are the Veda. This shows the prestige of the Veda amongst the public in those days. This is why the Jainas were ready to call their canonical literature "Veda"- (Beginnings of Jaina Philosophy in the Acaranga 1 4. E4244 mAlavaNImAno lekha, pR.151 juo pariziSTa 1) 5. mAlavaNIA ahIM jaNAve che ke jaina TIkAkArone - niryukti, cUrNi - va.ne veda pratye ahobhAva hato-vedanI pratiSThAthI teo AkarSAyA hatA. paraMtu, uparyukta AcAra-cUrNinA adhyayana uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke jo te TIkAkArone - cUrNi ke zIlAMkane-veda pratye sAcesAca ahobhAva hota ke teo vedanI pratiSThAthI AkarSAyA hota to teo veda ke vedavida jevA zabdono sAMpradAyika artha ghaTAvavA koziza na karata. teoe veda ke vedavida zabdano paraMparAgata artha (juo upara ) to mAnya rAkhyo ja nathI ! 5. mAlavaNIAe te lekhamAM AgaLa jatAM vaLI bIjuM eka maMtavya vyakta karyuM che ke AcArAMgamAM (upara nirdezelAM pAMca sthAnomAM) to jaina dharmanA praNetAne paNa vedavida kahyo che (sarakhAvo "Not only this, the leader of the Jaina: is designated as vedavi ... pR.151). paraMtu upara nirdezelAM pAMceya avataraNomAMthI spaSTa thAya che ke paM. mAlavaNIA AcArAMganuM svataMtra parIkSaNa karyA vinA phakta cUrNine (ke zIlAMkane) ja anusarIne AvuM maMtavya darzAve che, je taddana bhUlabhareluM che. AcAra brahmacaryamAM to vedavida zabda brahmavida, Atmavida, ke dharmavidanI jema sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAyo che. sAcesAca to cUrNie ane zIlAMke ja sau prathama veda zabdano artha badalI kADhIne vedavida zabdano artha tIrthaMkara ke mahAvIra sAthe joDavA prayAsa karyo che! vaLI. jainonAM cha Avazyaka sUtronA AdhAre vikaselAM naMdIsUtra ane anuyogadvArasUtra jevA uttarakAlIna (I.sa. Azare pamI ke 6ThThI sadI) AgamomAM cAra vedane mithyAzruta (naMdI 72) ke laukikahyuta (anuyogadvAra 49) tarIke gaNAvI temanI avagaNanA karI che ane samagra jaina Agamone samya-zruta ke lokottarazruta (naMdI 71) gaNAvI temanI prazaMsA karI che. jaina sAMpradAyika bhAvanAnI AvI spaSTa paristhitinI sAthe "jaino potAnA Agama sAhityane veda tarIke bIradAvavA Atura hatA" evI matalabanuM paM. mAlavaNIAnuM vidhAna visaMvAda sarajAve che (juo upara... the Jains were ready.veda)! paM. mAlavaNIAnAM AvAM vidhAno aspaSTa ane bhramajanaka che. 26. dA.ta. yastu sarvALi bhUtAnyAtmajovAnuNyati...tato na vi nute (Iza upaniSada 6 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.23 = kaTha upaniSada 4.5, juo upara 6 1.3) sarakhAvo suttanipAta 30.23 co sattanAttAnuM nAnupati...yo vA tAmevaM velApahatya pamAnamatte sva to je pratiti... (kena upaniSada 4.34. je A pratiSThA A pramANe jANe che te pApa dUra karI aMte uttama svargalokamAM pratiSThA pAme che) ...tamAthe veDanupata thI teSAM zAntiH zAzvatI netAma (kaTha upaniSada 2.5.13 - je dhIra puruSa potAmAM rahelA tene jue che temane zAzvata zAMti che, anya koIne nahIM) ...:...paraM purumamaNyAyIta...sa pAmanA vinimw:..52 tyAM...puruSamIkSati (prazna upaniSada 5.5-je parama puruSanuM dhyAna dhare che te pApathI mukta thayelo, parathI paNa para evA puruSane jue che) ...kSIne vAstha maffkha tasmina daI parIvara (muMDaka upaniSada 2.2.8- "para ane avaramAM-ucca, nIca, sarvatra rahelA tene jotAM enAM karmo nAza pAme che)...pUi 8 vAva ne tati vikama sAdhu nA ravam, mirda pApamaravati (taittirIya upaniSada 2.9.= bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.22 meM kema sAruM kAma na karyuM? meM kema pApakarma karyuM?" ema ene tApa-du:kha thatuM nathI...??) ...viDhi pApaM na uttarNa (chAMdogya upaniSada 4.14.3-ema jANanArane pApa karma lAgatuM nathI) ...35tatikSa..sarvAtmAnaM pati nainaM mA tati, sarva pApAnaM tarata (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.23 - te uparata ane titikSu sarva AtmA jue che. ene pApa tarI jatuM nathI, te pote badhAM pApa tarI jAya che). 27. pI.Teko (Sanskrit-a-mred- "to repeat". JAOS73, 1953, P. 80) mujaba prAcIna dhAtu 6 bhU.kR- tu; tenA sthAne tRtta ke kutta, temAMthI prAkRtamAM tadda thayuM hoya. te uparathI AgaLa nAmadhAtu tarIke prAkRtamAM tuti jevo prayoga thayo. jayAre 6 dhAtumAMthI saMskRtamAM godati jevo prayoga pANininA samayathI zarU thayo. (juo bolle pR. 54. Ti.8). zani zabda mATe juo bole II.pR.39. 28. ahIMnI jema bIje paNa pApa-karmavAthI mukta thavA sApanI kAMcaLInuM dabaMta ApyuM che. jema ke AcAra IT. 16.801 (gAthA 1439 tathA muiAre nutiyaM nahIM vimuttva tuna mATa), uttarAdhyayana 14.34 (gAya. artho mioLa hinna patte mutto) tathA 19.86 (mamAM chidaI tAhe mahAnAgo ja kaMcuya). 29. uparAMta juo mahAbhArata 5.32.14; 5.40.2; 13.6 1.66; manusmRti 11.227; suttanipAta 1.17..ahIM sarvatra pApa-ityAdi dUra karavA sApa-kAMcaLInuM dAMta ApyuM che. (bole II pR.46, Ti.3 nA AdhAre), tathA bole 1990 pR.37-38..jaiiminIya brAhmaNa 2.134- yathA maMgAriNI vivRta = paMgaNA rUpIchAM vAre...dIghanikAya II. 77 (dITara glIMgalopha Saeculum 36.4 (1985), Ti.48 uparathI). 42 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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30. sUtrakRtAMga nI A 19-18 gAthAonI pada paMktiono artha spaSTa karavA tenA anuvAdamAM TheraThera kasamAM keTalAye zabdonI pUrti karavI paDe che (juo phUbIMga.vo.ma. pR.152). A gAthAonI padapaMktio astavyasta thaI gaI hoya ema lAge che. 17mI gAthAnI bIjI paMktimAM viUvaMtinI jagAe vipUchavaMti no pATha hovo joIe, ane 18: padanA sthAne 17 ane 7cnA sthAne 18 no pheraphAra karavAthI artha sugama thaI paDe che ane tevo krama A gAthAomAM susaMbaddha paNa lAge che. 31. (sUtrakRtAMga 1. 11.13) ne huM tAruM nA ya uMgha na tyAM (Iza upaniSada 1). nA sAtamI vibhakti nati athavA satyA (juo pizela huM 386), sarakhAvo - mAM nAtI..nA sUtrakRtAMgA. 2.1.4). TI = prANIo (zIlAMka pR.37, 107, 137 ane zUchIMga.vo.ma.pR.130, bole II pR.30). 1 II zabda Iza upaniSada 1 nA nAta sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. gIta eTale svAbhAvika rIte jaMgama''; vRkSa, vanaspati jevAM "sthAvara"thI bhinna. paraMtu ahIM ''nAt' mAM vRkSa, vanaspati, ityAdi paNa samAI jAya che. kAraNa ke vRkSa, vanaspatio paNa jIvaMta che ema upaniSado (dA.ta. chAMdogya upaniSada 6.11.1. mA...vRkSaNa yo..gacA dIvastrave... A vRkSanA - mULamAM ke kayAMya - je koI chede to te jIvatuM hoI sUve...) jaNAve che. dharmasUtromAM (dA.ta. gautama dharmasUtra 3. 20) vRkSa ke vanaspatinAM pAna ke DALI toDavAM nahi tema jaNAvyuM che. (vistAramAM juo thIma. 1965 pR.89-990; ucha mATe zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra4.11.13 ane pI.TeDeko. | JAOS 1957, pR.193..)...pAli sAhityamAM mathaSma zabda maithuna sAthe saMkaLAyelo che-juo zUbIMga AcAra pR.77 ane bole | pR.66, sarakhAvo satyAnaM1 na saMtoSa grAmyathA achata - suzruta saMhitA, uttarataMtra, 38.15-prAgadha maithuna vanaspatijIva mATe juo upara 6 1.1.1....dazavaikAlika 10.17mAM maryApi = a-- 3ra = muMgo, bolyA vagara. 32. vaLI juo sUtrakRtAga 1 6.47 - pravruttaruvaM puri mahaMta, sAtai gyamavayaM ca savvasu pUlu vi sabUta che. sarakhAvo - zvetAzvatara upaniSada vaidrAtiM puruSa mahAnta..(rU.8), tamagyyaMpurva mahA..(rU.26, vo Tuva: sarvapUteSu Dha:..(6.22), ane gItA 11.18 - tvabhavyayaH...sanAtanastvaM puruSo mato me. 33. AzaidorTe tenA vidvattApUrNalekhomAM uttarAdhyayananAM keTalAMya kAvyonAM samIkSApUrvaka aitihAsika vizleSaNa karyA che. te lekhomAM uttarAdhyayananAM nIce jaNAvelAM adhyayano samAI jAya che. Alsadoryu-AryAmAM -adhyayano 24 (pR. 1608-162), 26 (pR. 179-20) 28pR. 200209), 30(pR.209-214), 33(pR.178-179), 36(pR.163-176); ane 19, 20, 34 (pR. 158-159-saMkSepamAM noMdha), uparAMta AlsadorDa- KI.Sc. mAM adhyayano 9 (pR.215-224), 10 (pR.225-230), 12,25 (pR.243-251), 13 (pR.186192), 15(pR.230-243), 22 (pR. 178-185). zArapenTIyare paNa tenI uttarAdhyayananI AvRttinI prastAvanAmAM (pR.35 thI AgaLa) uttarAdhyayanamAM keTalAMka prakaraNonI samIkSA karI che. vAcakavargane uttarAdhyayananA talasparzI saMzodhanAtmaka abhyAsa mATe A sarva kAMI joI levA vinaMtI che. uparAMta juo ke.Ara. normanaH uttarAdhyayana adhyayano 8 (Mahavira and His Teachings, muMbaI pR.9.19), 4 (paM. kailAzacaMdra abhinaMdanagraMtha, rIvA 1980, pR.564-572), 14 (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNIA abhinaMdana graMtha 1986 ?), 1 (Delea Feli Vol- Tokiyo 1993, pR.375-394), meDama keyA = uttarAdhyayana 5 (7th World Skt. Cont, 1987, pR.81-95). uttarAdhyayana 11 (bole IT.1988, pR.14pa-162). 34. Ama, brAhmaNa graMtho ane jaina graMthomAMthI samAMtara jatAM vidhAno ekaThAM karI zakAya, dA.ta. Avazyaka niyukti 100 nadI ravaro caMdranamAravAdI bhArassa bhAgI na huM caMdaNassa, evaM khu nANI...na hu soggaie yathA kharazcaMdana bhAravAhI bhArasya vettA na tu caMdanasya, evaM hi zAstrANi bahUnyadhItya cArtheSu mUThA: ravaravalvasti, suzrutasaMhitA 4.4, sarakhAvo uttarAdhyayana 12.15: tumetya mo, mArA upara baTuM nanAda mahinA veNa .. ane nirukta 1.18 ....ane anuyogadvAra 27-janaMti - homa - nakha - 3Turu - kuru ke - namola ...sarakhAvo pAzupatasUtra 1.8 TuMkuMjAra nimAra natha+3pahAra... 35. siMdhunadInA vistAra mATe ''hiMdustAna" ane tyAMnA loko mATe 'hiMdu" jevA zabdo mULe phArasI bhASAmAMthI pracalita thayA. tevA zabdo saMskRta bhASAmAM to lagabhaga 18mI sadI pachI praveza pAmyA. dA.ta. merutaMtranA (lagabhaga 18mI sadI) 23 mA prakaraNamAM pArasya" (pArasI/phArasI), 'phiTiMga" (phiraMgI/porTugIjha) ane "Ireja" (aMgreja; vaLI juo- 'laMDraja"=laMDana zahera) jevI sattAo sAthe 'hiMdu" zabdanI vyutpatti sAMkaLI lIdhI che, 36. A mATe juo upara pATi. naM.25. vaLI AnI sAthe sAthe zastraparijJAnA custa himAyatI ane pracAraka anuyAyI vidvAno . | (brAhmaNo ?) viruddha paNa eka prakArano aNagamo vyakta thato gayo (1) zvetAMbara paraMparA jaNAve che ke mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI, 12 varSe (digaMbara paraMparA mujaba 20 varSa) mahAvIranA prathama ziSya gautamanuM nirvANa thayuM (jo ke mahAvIra-nirvANa pachI 20 varSe mahAvIranA anya ziSya sudharmAnuM nirvANa thayuM chatAM zvetAMbaro to gautamane nahIM, paNa sudharmAne jaina saMghano uparI mAne che.) tethI jaina paraMparA sudharmAthI cAlu rahI. rUDhicusta paraMparAnA (vikalpI?) digaMbaro ema mAne che ke jaina paraMparA gautamathI cAlu rahI ! brAhmaNakuLanA gautama niHzaMka mahAvIranI (zastraparijJAnI) vicAradhArAnA custa himAyatI (sthavirakalpI ?) rahyA haze. zvetAMbaro (jinakalpI ?) " "sudhArAvAdI" (riphormisTa) rahyA hatA. (2) jaina bhikSusaMghamAM (I.sa. pUrva 3jI sadI) bhadrabAhu (sthavirakalpI) ane sUlabhadra (jinakalpI) vacce cAlyA AvatA paraMparAgata vivAdomAM bhAvi zvetAMbara-digaMbara jevA be bhinna matonA saMketa maLe che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 43

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(zvetAMbaro sthUlabhadranI tarapheNamAM ane digaMbaro bhadrabAhunI tarapheNamAM rahyA che. vaLI vidvAna brAhmaNa bhadrabAhu maurya vaMzanA prathama caMdraguptanA samakAlIna-kadAca pakSadhArI-hatA, sthUlabhadra chellA naMda rAjAnA koI eka kSatriya (?) pradhAnanA putra hatA. caMdragupta chellA naMda rAjane harAvyo hato). vistAra mATe juo laoNyamAnanuM "yuberasiddha", pAnuM 269, ane zubIMga 26 (3) brAhmaNakuLanAM devAnaMdA ane RSabhadeva mahAvIranAM mAtApitA hatAM (bhagavatI 9.33), paNa zvetAMbara jaina paraMparA mujaba tIrthakaro kSatriya kuTuMbamAM ja janma le che, brAhmaNa kuTuMbamAM nahIM. tethI devoe hari-negamesi dvArA mahAvIrano garbha devAnaMdAnA udaramAMthI laI kSatriyANI trizalAnA udaramAM mukAvyo (=garbhAharaNa). AvA garbhAharaNa ane hari-negamesinA prasaMgone digaMbara paraMparAmAM koI paNa sthAna ApyuM nathI. mahAvIre to devAnaMdAne potAnI sagI mA tarIke svIkAra paNa kyo che !...digaMbara paraMparA ema mAne che ke sarve jaina Agamo "lupta" thayA che, ane hAla maLI AvatA zvetAMbara Agamo maulika rahyA nathI. LR saMdarbha-graMtha sUci noMdhaH phakta mukhya saMdarbha-graMtho ja A sUcimAM AvarI lIdhA che. temanI mAhitI paNa saMkSepamAM samAvI che. (1) aMgrejI saMketa-sUciHABORI : Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. ALB : The Adyar Library Bulletin, Madras. (="brahmavighA"), ANIS : Alt- und Neu- Indische Studien... Seminar f.Kult. u. Geschichte Indiens. Uni. Hamburg. ASS : Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, Poona. CD : Chintaman Dikshit's edition. IU : Indo-Iranian Journal, Holland. IT : Indologica Taurinensis, Torino (Italy). JAOS : Journal of the American Oriental Society, USA : Journal of Indian Philosophy, Holland. JOI : Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda. KL. Sch : Kleine Schriften, Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaben. MB : Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. RKSS : Sri Rsabhadevaji Kesarimalaji Svetambara Samstha, Ratlam. SBE The Sacred Books of the East Series (ed. F. Max Muller, Oxford). Reprint: MB. UP. : =Upanisads. ZDMG : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden. ZII Zeitschrift fur Indologie and Iranistik, Reinbek (Germany). (2) mukhya saMdarbha-graMthoH saMketa sUci anuyogadvAra : Nandi...and Anuogaddara..., ed. muni Punyavijayaji, Pt. D. Malvaniya, Pt. A. M. Bhojak. Jaina Agama Series 1. Bombay, 1968. AcAra ' Acara..., ed. muni Jambuvijayaji. Jaina Agama Series 2.1. Bombay 1977. (Our references are from this Edition.) AcAra-cUrNi * Acara-Curni, ed. RKSS 1941. AcAra-niryukti : juo "zIlAMka".' AcAra-zIlAMka : juo "zIlAMka". ApauMba-dharmasUtra Apastamba-Dharmasutra, ed. G.Buhler. Bombay Sanskrit Series 44,50. Poona, 1932. Adiva : juo "catu zataka". A@do-AryA : L. Alsdorf: The Arya Stanzas of the Uttarajjhaya. Akad. Wiss. Lit. 2, 1966, pp. 153-220. Mainz. Abhado-iFiparitrA : L. Alsdorf. Itthiparinna. 112,1958, pp.249-270, KI.sch. 1974, pp. 193-214. : APP 44] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '5-jUna, 1995

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Alsado 1961 Avazyaka-cUrNi Avazyaka-niryukti uttarAdhyayana upa. udAnavarga Rgvada aitareya-brAhmaNa oTela aupapAtika kayA kuMdakuMda kovela gItA ' gautama-dharmasUtra glAsanappa dhATage catuHzataka jAtakakathA jaiminIya-brAhmaNa taittirIya-AraNyaka taittirIya-brAhmaNa thIme-1 thIme-2 dazavaikAlika : L. Alsdorf: Beitrage zur Geschichte ... Vegetarismus ... in Indien. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, 1961. : Avasyaka-Curni. Cumi on mostly the Avasyaka-Niryukti. RKSS, 1928. Avasyaka-Niryukti with the Avasyaka-Sutra and Haribhadra's comm. Agamodaya Samiti, Bombay, 1961-17. : The Uttaradhyayana-sutra, ed. with notes, etc. J. Charpentier, Uppsala, 1922. : upaniSado. juoH (3) upaniSado = saMketa-sUci. : Udanavarga, ed. F. Bernhard, Vol.1, Goffingen, 1965 : Rgveda, ed. Th. Aufrecht. Wiesbaden, 1955. : Aitareya-Brahmana, ed. ASS. 32, 1930-31. : Jaiminiya-Up-Brahmana, ed. with notes, etc. H. Oertel JAOS, 16., pp. 79-260. : Das Aupapatika Sutra, with notes, etc. Erst Leumann Abhandl. Kund. Morgenl. 8.2, Leipzig 1883. Reprint 1966. : C.Caillat: Ardhamagadhi aya-danda., Bull.d'Et. Ind. 78, Paris 1989-90, pp.17-45. : juo "samayasara", "pravacanasAra" : Kausitaki-brahmana-Up....with notes, etc. E,B.Cowell. Bibli. Indi. Calcutta, 1861. The Bhagavadgita, ...with notes, etc. R.C.Zaehner. The Clarenden Press, Oxford, 1972. : Gautama-Dharamsutra, ed. U.C.Pandey. The Kashi Skt. Series 172, Banaras, 1966. H. von Glasenapp : Die Lehre vom Karman in der Phil. der Jainas. Leipzig, 1915. A.M.Ghatage: A Few Parallels in Jaina and Buddhist works. ABORT 17.4, 1935, pp. 340350. Catuh-sataka of Aryadeva, ed. Pt. Vidhushekhar Bhattacharya, Calcutta, 1931. : The Jatakas with comm., ed. V.Fausboll, London, 1877-97. : Jaiminiya-Brahmana, ed. Sarasvati Vihara Series 31, Nagpur, 1954. : Taittiriya-Aranyaka, ed. ASS 36, 1926-27. : Taittiriya-Brahmana, ed. ASS 37, 1934-38. : P.Thieme: Der Weg ...der Kausitaki-Up....with notes, etc. : P. Thieme: Isopanisad with notes, etc. JAOS 85, 1965, pp. 89-99. Kl.Sch. 1971, pp.228-238. : Dasavaikalika, ed. w. Schubring, with notes, etc. The Managers: Sheth Anandji Kalianji, Ahmedabad 1932. KI.Sch.1977, pp.l11-248. Dasavaikalika and Niryukti with Haribhadra's comm. Dev.Lal. Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund No.47, Bombay 1918. Also: Ernst Leumann, ZDMG 46, 1892, pp.581-663. : K. K. Dixit : Early Jainsim. L.D.Series 64, Ahmedabad, 1978. : Digha-nikaya, ed. N.K.Bhagwat, Bombay, 1936. Dhammapada, ed. S.Radhakrishnana, Madras, 1966. Hajime Nakamura: Genshi Bukkyo no. Seiritsu, Tokyo, 1969. Hajime Nakamuar: Common Elements in Early Jain and Buddhist Literature. IT 1983, pp. 303-330. The Nirukta (of Yaska), ed. Hannes Skold, Leipzig, 1926. One Hundred and Eight Up., ed. Wasudev Laxman Shastri Pansikar. Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay, 1932. : Nisitha with Bhasya...vols. 1-4. The Agama Sahitya Ratnamala 3-6. Sanmati Jnanapitha, Agra, 1957-60. Pasupata-sutra, ed. Trivandrum Skt. Series 143, Trivandrum, 1941. : R.Pischel: Gramm. der Pkt.-Sprachen, Strassburg 1890. Eng. Tr.: S.Jha, Comparative Gramm. of the Pkt. Languages, MB 2nd ed. 1965. dazavaikAlika-niryukti dIkSita dIghanikAya dhammapada nAkAmurA-1 nokAmurA-2 : makA nirukta nirNayasAgara - nizItha-bhASya pAzupatasUtra pizela luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 45 Jain Educationa Interational For Personal and Private Use Only

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pravacanasAra phrAuvAlvara buIrenana bole-1 bole-2 blotaliMgDa-1 botiliMgTa-2 brahmacarya" brahmasUtra bhagavatI bhaTTa-1978 : : : : : : : bhaTTa-1987 : bhaTTa-1987-88 bhaTTa-1989 : : Pravacanasara of Kundakunda, ed. with notes, etc. A.N. Upadhye. Sivaraj Jaina Granthamala 5, Sholapur, 1964. Erich Frauwallner: Geschichte der Ind. phil. Vol.1, Salburg, 1953. The Maitrayaniya-Up. ed. with notes, etc. J.A.B.Buitenen. The Hague, 1962. W.B.Bollee: Studien zum Suyagada vol.l. Sud-asiaen-Inst.Uni. Heidelberg 24, 1977. W.B.Bollee: Studien zum suyagada Vol.2. Sud-asien-Inst. Uni.Heidelberg 31, 1988. Bhadaranyaka-Up. ed. O.Bohtlingk. St. Petesburg, 1889. Chandogya-Up. ed. O. Bohtlingk, Leipzig, 1889. AcAra-baMbhacera, = AcAra I. Brahmasutra with Sankara's comm. ed. A.K.Sastri. Bombay, 1938. Bhagavati with Abhayadeva's comm. Agamodaya Samiti 12-14 Bombay, 1918-2i. B.Bhatt: The Canonical Niksepa...E.J.Brill, Leiden 1978. Ind.Ed. Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, Delhi, 1991. B. Bhatt : Mahaparinna. The Lost Ch. in the Acara. 32nd AIOC, Proceedings BORI, Poona 1987, pp.353-357. B. Bhatt : Acara-Culas and -Niryukti: Studies 1. IT 1987-88, pp.95-116. B. Bhatt : The Concept of Self and Liberation in Early Jaina Agamas, in: Self and Consc. Indian Interpretation. Centre for Ind. and Inter-rel. Studies, Rome 1989, pp. 132-172 B. Bhatt: Acara-Culas and Niryukti:Studies 2 (Maha. Biog.) Jaina Studies in Honour of Deleu, Tokyo, 1993, pp.85-121. B.Bhatt: The Idea of Ahimsa...B.J.Res.Inst. Ahmedabad, 1995. Manusmrti, ed. V. S. Pansikar, Bombay, 1933. Mahabharata, critical ed. V.S.Sukthankar, Poona, 1933-40. Mahabhasya of Patanjali on Panini's Astadhyayi, ed. F. Kielhom. Reprint: Osnabruck 1970. Ind.Ed. K. V.Abhyankar, Poona, 1962-65. Mahavastu, ed. E.Senart, Tokyo 1977: Reprint Pt. D. Malvaniya: Beginnings of Jain Phil. in the Acara... Stud.zum Jainismus u.Buddhismus. ANTS 23, 1981, pp. 151-153. Mandukya-Up.: Karika, ed. T.E.Wood. Honolulu, 1990. Mulacara of Vattakera with comm. ed. Manik. Dig. Jaina Granthamala 18,23. Bombay 1980. Merutantra, ed. Laxmi-Venkateshvara Press, Bombay, 1908 H.Jacobi: Acara and Kalpasutra, SBE 22, 1884. Reprint: MB 1964, Dover Publ. New York, bhaTTa-1993 bhaTTa-1995 manusmRti mahAbhArata mahAbhASya : : : : : mahAvastu mAlavaNIA : mAMDUkaya-upakArikA mUlAcAra merutaMtra yAkobI-22 1968 yAkobI-45 yAjImAM : . thAka yuberasiddha yogasUtra : H.Jacobi: Sutrakrta and Uttaradhyayana, SBE 45, 1895. Reprint: MB 1964, Dover Publ. New York, 1968. M. Yajima: A Note on Ayaranga...1.2.6.3. Sambodhi 9,1-4, L.D.Inst., Ahmedabad 1980-81, pp.69-75. juo ''nirukta". ubersicht uber die Avasyaka Lit. by E. Leumann, ed. W. Schubring. ANIS 4, 1934. Yogasutra of Patanjali with Vyasa's comm. ed. B.D.Basu Sacred Books of the Hindus 4, Allahabad 1912. Reprint: AMS, New York, 1974. The Twelve Principal Up. Vols. 1-3, ed. E.Roer. ALB 1931-32. Ernst Leumann: Beziehugen der Jaina-Lit. zu anderen Lit.-Kreisen Indiens, Orientalisten Congress 6, Leiden, 1883. juo "mUlAcAra" M.Witzel: Tracing the Vedic Dialects. Publ.De L'Inst.Civil. Ind. 8.55, Paris 1989, pp.97-265. Visnudharinottara-Purana, ed. Bombay, 1969. roera loyamAna vikla viSNudharmottarapurANa : : 46 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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venkalera-1986 velera-1987 velarI vyAsa(bhAga). zatapathabrAhmaNa zastraparijJA zArapenTIara zAstrI-1 zAstrI-2 zAMka-bhAgya zAkhAna-gRhyasUtra zIlAMka : A.Wezler: Cattle, Field and Barley. ALB 50, 1968, pp.431-477. A.Wezler: on the Term antah-samjna. ABORT 1987, pp.111-131. : F.Weller: Versuch einer Kritik der Kathopanisad. Berlin, 1953. : juo "yogasUtra". Satapatha-Brahmana, ed. W.Caland, Delhi 1983 (Kanva), 1989 (Madhyandini). : AcAra I.. : juo ""uttarAdhyayana'. : Pt. A. Mahadev Sastri, ed. The Yoga Ups. ALB, 1920. ; Pt. A. Mahadev Sastri, ed. The Samanya Ups. ALB, 1921. : juo "brahmasUtra'. : Sankhayana-Grhyasutra, ed. S.R.Sehgal, Delhi, 1960. Acara, Sutraksta, Acara-Niryukti, Sutrakrta-Niryukti together with Skt.-prose comm. by Silanka, ed. muni Jambuvijayaji, MB, 1978. W.Schubring: Lehre d.Jainas ..Eng. Tr.: The Doctrines of the Jainas...by W.Beurlen. MB, 1962. Acaranga I, criti. ed. by W. Schubring. Abhand. Kunde. Morgen. 12.4, Leipzig 1910. Reprint:Nandeln, 1966. : W. Schubring: Worte Mahaviras. Quelle der Religi-gesch. 14.7.ix, Gottingen 1926. : L. Schmithausen: The Problems of Sentience of Plants in Earliest Busshism. Stud. Phil. Buddh. Monog. Series 6, Tokyo, 1991. : F. O. Schrader: uber den Stand der Ind. Phil. zur Zeit Mahaviras and Buddhas. Strassburg, zujhIMga zUchIMga-AcAra brIMganyo.ma. zmita hAusana zrADara 1902. zrADara-upa samayasAra, samavAya saMyuttanikAya sAmaveda suttanipAta suzrutasaMhitA sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAMga-cUrNi sUtrakRtAMga-niryukti selomana haribhadra hAImAna : F. O. Schrader, ed. Minor Ups. ALB 1012. i Samayasara of Kundakunda, ed. Chakravarti A., Bharatiya Jnanapitha, Delhi, 1971. Samavaya with Abhayadeva's comm., Ahmedabad, 1938. : Samyutta-nikaya, ed. Pali Text Society, London, 1960. : Samaveda, ed. Th. Benfey, Leipzig 1848. Reprint, 1969. Sutta-nipata, ed. The Sacred Books of the Buddhists 15, London, 1947. Susruta-samhita, ed. Kaviraj Ambikadutta, Varanasi, 1959. : juo ''zIlAMka". : Sutrakrta-Curni, ed. RKSS, 1941. : juo "zIlAMka". : R Salomon: A Linguistic Analysis of the Mundaka-Up., Wiener Zeitschrift 25, Vienna, 1981, pp.91-105. juo 'Avazyaka-niryukti', Betty Heimann: Varuna-Rta-Karma. Betrag. zur Lit.-wiss. and Geist.-gesch. Indi., Bonn, 1926, pp.201-214. : R. Hauschild: ed. Die Svetasvatara-Up. with notes, etc. Abhand. F. d. Kunde. Morgen. 173. Kraus Reprint, Nandeln, 1966. : E. Hanefeld: Philosophische Haupttexte der alt.-Up. Wiesbaden, 1976. Mundaka-Up., ed. J.Hertel with notes, etc., Leipzig, 1924. : J. C. Heesterman: Non-violence and Sacrifice. IT 12, 1984, pp. 119-127. : J. C. Heesterman: The Return of the Veda-Scholar (Samavartana). E B. J. Kuiper Fel. Vol., The Hague, 1968, pp. 436-447. P. Horsch: Buddhismus and Upanisaden. F. B. J. Kuiper Fel. Vol. The Hague 1968, pp. 462 471. * R E. Hume: The Thirteen Principal Ups., Oxford Uni. Press, Oxford, 1962. hAuziSTa hAnephelDa herTala hasTaramAna hasTaramAna-(samAvartana) horza hyuma luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 47.

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(3) upaniSado = saMketa-sUci. Iza= Aga aitareya= kaTha kena= kaupIki= kauSItaka-brAhmaNa rikA garbha= chAMdogya jAbAla= jaiminIya upa-prANa tejobiMdu= taittirIya= nAradaparivrAjaka= 48 ] Jain Educationa International juo. ''thIme-2'. juo ''zrADara-upa''. juo ''roera'. juo ''belara''. juo vIe. juo ''dhIme-1''. juo ''kovela'. juo '"nirNayasAgara". juno 'zAstrI 2'. juo 'byotaliMgyuM-2'. juo ''zrADara-upa'", juo ''orTela''. juo ''zAstrI-1''. juo ''roera'. juo ''zrADara-upa", paramahaMsa paramahaMsaparivrAjaka= prazna= bRhadAsyaka= bhikSuka= mahA= maitrAyaNa yogazikhA= varAha= zATayAyanIya= zvetAzvatara= sarvasAra saMnyAsa= juo '"ghADara-upa", juo '"zrADara-upa'". For Personal and Private Use Only juo "roera". juo '"potarligna-1" juo ''zrADara-upa". juo 'nibaMdhasAgara". juo ''horTela'. juo ''buITenana'', juo ''nirNayasAgara". juo ''nirNayasAgara'". juo 'brADara-upa juo 'hArDaziSTa juo.''zAstrI 2". juo "0", [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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Addenda* umero te (pa.7 pachI - sarakhAvo : manusmRti, 6.57). ... sarakhAvI zakAya pachI - (vaLI sarakhAvo : bauddha pAribhASika "dharma" zabda : AcAra I 1.5.45). ... noMdha pR. 97 pachI - tathA morTana - smitha, pAnuM 160, noMdha 8). te ja artha-pachI-mAM Arya zabda... .. paryAyavAcI pachI - ke samAna paNa bhinna varga tarIke. (juo upara) pachI - brAhmaNa ane zramaNamAM lAkSaNika samAnatA che, jema ke brAhmaNa = vimamAM vim dhAtu upathI te kalpI zakAya che evuM keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAno mAne che. ... Rgvada pachI - sUktonA Ape che pachI - (juo aitareya brAhmaNa 5.2 @ 1 vIfNa pravo.). 6.8 nava diva 6.18 vaLe, vA naMbamAdu meTuM. .pA. TI. 3ra mAM chelle - vaLI juo yAkobI-45 (pAnuM 418) ane zrADara (pAnuM 41 tathA noMdha 1). (pA. TI. 36) sUlabhadra-vAMco sthUlabhadra merutaMtra' pachI umero - Hiert Re: R. Morton Smith: The Early Heresies in the Developinent of Indian Religion, I. T. 2, 1994, pp. 149-198 * ahIM darzAvela umerA pustaka chapAyA pachI lekhaka taraphathI maLyA hovAthI alaga rajU karyA che.

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