Buddhiprakash 1955 01 Ank 01

Author(s): Nagindas Parekh
Publisher: Gujarat Vidyasabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/522251/1

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C 3 buddhiprakAza saMpAdaka nagInadAsa pArekha pustaka 102 [ ]. jAnyuArI : 1955 [ aMka 1 le itihAsa bhUtakALamAM je sthiti pravartatI hatI tenAM mULane jANavA mATe ApaNe "zuM hatuM ? " e prazna pUchavo paDe, ane ene javAba " khare khara Ama hatuM' ti-i-sAsa e maLe. ApaNA cittanA je khaMDamAM bhUtakALanI kSaNe athavA anubhavo saMcita thayelA hoya che tene smRti kahe che, ane samRti ane anubhava-vartamAna anubhava-vacce bheda ApaNA dezanA dArzanikee sapaSTa karyo hato ApaNA dezanA gavAdI vicArake cittane nadInI upamA ApI che ane enuM varNana karavA 'cittanadI' e zabdaprayoga karyo che. emAM evuM spaSTa sUcana raheluM che ke cittanI vartamAna kSaNa bhUta kSaNa sAthe sAtatya dharAve che, ane e vartamAna kSaNa bhUta kSaNAno saravALo che, ane uparAMta kaMIka vizeSa che. je eka vyakitane lAgu paDe che, te ja, eka rIte jotAM, AkhI prajAne athavA temanA samAjane paNa lAgu paDe che. eTale itihAsane prajAnI smRti kahevAmAM Ave che te ceAgya che. A vartamAnanA bhUtakALa sAthenA saMbaMdhane lIdhe athavA bhUtakALa je rIte vartamAnane vyApI vaLe che tene lIdhe zikSaNamAM itihAsane abhyAsa anivArya banI jAya che. itihAsa e mAnava mananI tarka pradhAna pravRtti che ane tene hetu keI vyakita athavA samudAyanA bhUtakALa vizu satya zodhavAnA che. ApaNA dezanA prAcIna naiyAyike " aitihya 'ne AThe pramANemAMnuM eka gaNatA hatA. - dAdAsAheba mAvaLakara gu 5 bhA je 2 in Education in tamational : a ma dAvo 6 on als

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buddhi ma kA za 102 juM: aMka 1 * vArSika -- Taka 0-8 jAnyuArI 1055 * } * * * [ 1. eun eun euneun 2. anukramaNikA prAsaMgika nibaMdha bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada zabdabhUpe AnaMdajanaka samAcAra hindInI kusevA bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : 17 muM adhivezana svAgata pravacana zrI harasihabhAI diveTiyA uddaghATana pravacana mAnanIya dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara pramukha: DuM. niraMjanaprasAda cakravartI vibhAga 1 le (I. sa. 71 sudhI) vibhAga 2 je (I. sa. 71ra-1206) vibhAga 3 je (I. sa. 1206-1526), vibhAga 4 (I. sa. 1526-1764) vibhAga 5 me arvAcIna bhArata (I. sa. 1765 thI) vibhAga 6 ThTho gujarAtano ItihAsa pradarzana saMvivAda: sipAIonA baLavAnI sAdhanasAmagrI nibaMdha TharAva rAjakIya nedha zrI devavrata nAnubhAI pAThaka itihAsa dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara kendra kathA, rAjyamAM ke samAjamAM?. nIhAraraMjana rAya 29 pUThA upara pUThA pAchaLa sAbhAra svIkAra 1. mahenatanAM gIta; 2. saurASTra darzana; joSI; ka, anaDA buka DIpo-amadAvAda, kiM. 1-8-0. 3. patramA : le. nAthAlAla dave; ba. ka. haMTara 7. zabda ane atha: vyAkhyAtA-bhegIlAla jayacaMda adhyApana maMdira-morabI, kiM. 0-2-0, 0-1-0 ane sAMDesarA; pra. ka. muMbaI yunivarsiTI-muMbaI ki. 2-8-0, 6-8-0. 8. Road to Welfare State : Pub. 8. pratIka : le. priyakAnta maNiyAra pra. . kapileka by the Community Projects Administration, prakAzana-amadAvAda, kiM. 1-0-1. 9. Annual Government of India-elbi. 4. Proceed- Report on the Secretariat Record Office Ings of the Indian History Congress of the year 1953-54 : Pub. by The 15th Session 1952-Gwalior : Prica Government Central Press-Bombay, Price Rs. 15/- 6, samavAyI zikSaNa : le. satIzacaMdra | 0-13-0. prakAzaka: jeThAlAla jI. gAMdhI, Asi. sekreTarI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra, amadAvAda.. - mudrAka maNibhAI mistrI, Aditya mudraNAlaya, rAyakhaDa, amadAvAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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pustaka 102 nuM ] buddhi pra kA za jAnyuArI : 1955 prAsaMgika noMdha bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada gayA mAsanA chellA aThavADiyAmAM amadAvAda sukAme bhAratIya itihAsa pariSadanuM sattaramuM adhivezana maLyuM hatuM. emAM sau kAI hAjara rahI zake evI jogavAi rAkhI hatI e sAruM hatuM. enA TUMkA sArarUpa hevAla A aMkamAM ApavAmAM AvyeA che. A pariSadamAM ApaNA dezanA aneka suprasiddha itihAsavidA AvyA hatA. darareAja kalAka DhADha kalAka mATe emAMnA be traNa vidvAnane phAjala pADI premAbhAI hAlamAM kra TAuna holamAM" temanAM jAhera vyAkhyAnA gAThavI zakAyuM heAta te sAruM thAMta ema lAge che. 15-1-'55 zabdavyUho zabdaracanA harIphAI ee inAmo jAhera karavAnI bAbatamAM mAjhA mUkavA mAMDI che. enI vividha prakAranI asara thatI jovAmAM Ave che. e harIphAI emAM bhAga levAnI lAlaca vadhe che, ane dhAryuM inAma na maLatAM nirAzA paNa eTalI ja bhAre thAya che. pariNAme keTalAkanAM magaja khasI jAya che. hamaNAM hamaNAM vaLA, DiyA, ane unAmAM A kAraNe mANasA gAMDA thaI gayAnA samAcAra chApAMmAM AvI gayA che. e ja rIte zabdaracanA harIphAI ne chaThThuM caDI temAM peAtAnuM badhuM gumAvI beThelA eka AkhA kuTuMbe AtmahatyA karyAnA banAvane madrAsanI dhArAsabhAmAM tyAMnA nA[pradhAne ullekha karyAM hatA, ane e chaMde caDelA leAkeAne e uparathI paDe| levAne guAvyuM hatuM. eka taraphathI ApaNA dezamAM navadhaDataranA puruSAtha` ma`DAyA che, tyAre bIjI tarapha puruSAtha'ne haNanAra ane AyatArAma banAvanAra A karI phAIe phAlI rahI che. moTAM inAmeAnI lAlacathI harIphrAnI saMkhyAmAM krA vadhArA thaI rahyo che, te gujarAtanI eka harIphAie peAtAnA vyUheAmAM bhAga lenAra harIphonI saMkhyAnA hai auMkaDA prasiddha karyo che, te uparathI jANI zakAya che 1,55,001 harIphA 1. 1,54,696 3. 1,84,211 ,, 4. 2,83550 339 5. 4,72,551 39 Ama lagabhaga sADA traNu mAsamAM rIphAnI sakhyA traNa gaNI vadhI che. A AMkaDA kAI paNa samAjahitaciMtakane akaLAvI mUke evA che. khate ApaNA keTalAka prauDha ane pIDha kAryakartApaNu AthI kevA akaLAI gayA che, teneA khyAla bhArata sevaka samAjanI gujarAtanI zAkhAnA maMtrI zrI rAvajIbhAI paTele muni zro saMtabAlajIne lakhelA patra uparathI AvI zake che: 1. For Personal & Private Use Only [ ka! TrA 39 ...bIjI bAju samAja avaLe raste ja vinA paraseve vinA zrame sAdhanasapanna thavAnA prayatnamAM phasAtA naya che. huM amadAvAdamAM tema badheya nAnAM moTAM metamAM jouM chuM ke tyAMnI havA jugAra ane AMkanA saTTAmAM AtaprAta thayelI che, je vartana daza varasa para saramajanaka hatuM te vana hAla pratiSThA pAmatuM jAya che. kSaraNa ke rAdravyUhanI harIphAInA dAvAnaLa evA phAlyA che, je kAyadesara gaNAya che. chatAM mULatattve jIgAramAM ane temAM kAMI phera nathI. nItinI dRSTie vinA zrame ane vinA paraseve khInna pAsethI dhana prApta karavAnI yukti-prayukti ke buddhinA prayAgA, cArI, lUMTa ke jugAranI keATImAM ja mUkI rAkAya. ane have te hada thaI gaI che. gujarAtanA zikSaNazAsrIo gaNAya, sAkSara) gaNAya, sa MskAramUrti gAya

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2 :: buddhiprakAza evA evA narapuMgAe pitAnI zikSaNazAstrInI, sAkSara gujarAta saurASTranA keTalAka kAryakartAo A tarIkenI ane saMskRtinI pratiSThAne cAMdInA TukaDA mATe badInI sAme sakriya pagalAM laI rahyAnA samAcAra vecIne cerI, lUMTa ke jugAranI badI para pratiSThAnI sIla 5NuM vAMcavA maLyA che. unAmAM harIphAI virodhI mArI che. AvuM joyuM tyAra pU. bApujInA zabda yAda Ave maMDaLanI sthApanA thaI che, ane tenA upakrame gaI che ke: "bhAratanA utthAnamAM -rAjakIya, naitika ke Arthika hatyAnamAM-tenA suputra gaNAtA zikSito ja ADA Ava tArIkha 18-12-54 ne roja tyAM saraghasa kADhavAmAM nAra che. A duHkha kone kahevAya? je vADa para velAne AvyuM hatuM, jenI AgevAnI tyAMnI kaeNgreisa samiAdhAra hoya te vADa velAne gaLe te kevI dazA thAya! tinA maMtrIe lIdhI hatI. e pachI gaI tA. 30 dezanI garIba ane ajJAna prajAnI AvI nirAdhAra dazA mIe tyAM "harIphAInA rAkSasanA pUtaLAne bALavAne che. prajAne paNa A zI rIte samajAvAya ? A lokazAhImAM kAryakrama jA hatA ane temAM tyAMnI keMgresa pitAne lAbha thAya tema vartavAne sarvane adhikAra che! samitinA pramukhe AgevAnI lIdhI hatI. e sabhAmAM vartamAnapatro Arthika dRSTie cAle che. eka yA bIjI rIte tene lAbha le che. eTale Ane virodha karI prajAne lagabhaga paNaso mANasoe harIphAImAM bhAga na zA mATe samajAve khare, evuM lakhANa paNa prasiddha zAne levAnI pratijJA lIdhI hatI. A kare? jAlima sanyanA julamathI jeTalI akaLAmaNa nahatI - rAjakoTamAM paNa tyAMnA sAmAjika kAryakaroe tenAthI anekagaNI akaLAmaNuM vartamAnapatranA Arthika rASTrIya zALAmAM bhegA thaIne zabdabhUhanI harIdaSTie thatA saMcAlanathI mArA jevA anekane thaI rahI che. phAInA jugArane nAbUda karavAno TharAva karyo hato. kone kahevuM ? koNa sAMbhaLe ? keNu nyAya Ape? prabhu;. vaLI saurASTranA vepArapradhAne saurASTranI dezanI prajAne hitecchuonI (3) mahattvAkAMkSAthI bacAve ! vidhAnasabhAmAM tA. 20-12-54ne ja jaNAvyuM | gujarAtanA evA ja junA kAryakara ane muMbaI hatuM ke sarakAre A zabdabhUhanI harIphAI vidhAnasabhAnA sabhya zrI kalyANajI vi. mahetAe Saa upara AkhA dezamAM niyaMtraNa mUkate dhAro paNa A saMbaMdhamAM AvA ja AkarA zabdo vAparyA che? che. Aje to jyAM juo tyAM zabdaracanA harIphAInAM tatkALa ghaDI kADhavAnI madhyastha sarakArane vinaMtI patrake najare caDhe che. vidyAthIonA:pustakanA ghaDAomAM, karI che. madrAsanI sarakAre paNa AvI bhalAkacerImAMnA kArakunonA kAmanA kAgaLo vacce ane majUranA maNa karyAnA samAcAra chApAMmAM AvI gayA che. khIsAMomAMthI A patrako maLI Ave che. vadhAre kharAba gujarAtamAM pAdarA tAlukA keMgresa samitie A vAta te e che ke, A harIphAI akhabAromAM sarvavyApaka vize TharAva karIne bhArata sarakArane vinaMtI karI che banI gaI che. A harIphAI hajAre mAnavIonuM satyAnAza ke prajAnI naitika ane Arthika pAyamAlI aTakAvavA sarjAvI rahI che. sthApita akhabAre paNa A jugAranI AvA jugAra baMdha karAvavAne kAyade kare, ane jAherakhabara vagara cAlI zakatAM nathI e khedajanaka che. prajAne paNa emAM bhAga na levAnI apIla karI che. akhabAre te eka sattA samAna che. taMtrI eka rAjavIne aMbADImAMthI utArI nAMkhIne gadheDe besADI zake che. paraMtu cAlu mAsanI bIjI tArIkhe tada mukAme maLelA te A zabdavyaha harIphAI aMge kaMI karato nathI. sthApita prAthamika zikSaka saMghanA adhivezanamAM maMgala pravacana akhabAre paNa A harIphAInI jAhera khabarathI dUra rahI karatAM muMbaInI vidhAna pariSadanA sabhya. uttara 1 gujarAtanA lokasevaka ane jANItA lekhaka zrI gajarAtanA moTA bhAganAM chApAo A badInI ramaNalAla sonIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke jAherAta laIne enA pracAramAM sAdhanarUpa banyAM che zabdabhUha jevAM lokone lobhamAM nAkhI sariyAma e sAce ja khedanI vAta che. tema chatAM keTalAMka lUMTanArA aniSTa sAme paNa zikSaka bahu saphaLatApUrvaka chApa enI viruddha pracAra paNa kare che eTaluM sAruM kAma karI zake. mArI jANamAM eka zikSaka che. teNe evuM che. AmAM muMbaInuM "prajAtaMtra' patra sAro kALa nakkI karyuM che ke mArA gAmamAM A roga nahi. teNe ApI rahyuM che. ekeeka mANasane maLIne potAne muddo samajAvavA mAMDayo. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAsaMgika oMdha : 3 ene takalIpha to paDI, paNa Aje e gAma e rAgathI eka hakIkata lekhe Apane jaNAvavAnuM ke mArA aMtaranA mukta che. samAdhAne khAtara ja lAMbA samaya pahelAM 'janmabhUmigujarAtanI keMgresa samitio, sAmAjika harIphAInI ukelasamitimAMthI rAjInAmuM ApIne haM nivRtta kAryakartAo, vidyAthI maMDaLo, vyAyAma saMgho ane thayelo chuM. - bIjAM taruNataruNIonAM maMDaLa, divase divase AvI bAbatamAM ke bIjI koI paNa bAbatamAM belebala phAlatI jatI. A viSavelanI jaDa ukheDavA kamara karavAnI mane Teva nathI eTale khAsa aMganA mitro sivAya bIjA keIne mArA rAjInAmA vize meM vAta karelI na hatI, , " kase, ane pracaMDa adilina jagADe, e mATe have paNa have jyAre ApanA mAsikamAM mAre ullekha thayo je samaya taddana pAkI gayo che. madhyastha sarakAra A che to ApanI tathA lekhaka zrI. jeTalInI mAhitI khAtara saMbaMdhe je kAyado karavA mAge che, te kevaLa InAmanI A vAta A patrathI Apane jaNAvavAnuM kartavya samajuM chuM, rakamo upara ane pravezapatra upara maryAdA mUkIne bhAIzrI jeTalIne ene to A mAhitI Apaze ane saMtoSa mAne evo saMbhava che eTale zahere zaheramAM bhaviSyamAM A prakaraNamAM mAruM nAma ApanA mAsikamAM ane gAmegAma lokonI sabhA bharIne A badInI na ulekhAya eTaluM jazo te AbhArI thaIza. sadaMtara baMdI karavAnI mAgaNI karatA TharAva pasAra karI bhArata sarakAra para mokalI ApavAnI pravRtti zuM . beTAInA jayahiMda. upADavI joIe. sAthosAtha A harIphAImAM zrI jeTalInA lekhamAMnI e yAdI kaMI saMpUrNa bhAga na levA samajAvavAnuM ane enAthI thatAM nahatI. je nAmo ukelasamitiomAM vAMcelAM khyAlamAM nukasAne lokeAnA khAna upara lAvavAnuM kAma paNa hatAM te nAkhyAM hatAM. zrI beTAIna chUTA thayAnAM je zapUrvaka cAlavuM joIe. vaLI je vidvAne ke samAcAra e chApAmAM ke bIje vAMcavAmAM adhyApaka ukela samitimAM rahIne A jugArane sAtha nahatA eTale A bhUla thavA pAmI che. tema chatAM ajA-: ApI rahyA che, temane e sahakAra baMdha karavAnI thatAM emane thayelA anyAya mATe ame baMne emanI vinatI saMskArarasika kare to tenI asara na thAya kSamA yAcIe chIe. ane sAthe sAthe e yAdImAM jemanI ema lAgatuM nathI. nAme che, temAMthI keIe pAchaLathI rAjInAmuM ApyuM 15-1-'55 hoya te lakhI jaNAvavA vinaMtI karIe chIe, jethI AnaMdajanaka samAcAra, tenI nadhi laI zakAya. jANavA maLyuM che ke amadAvAdanI ApaNuM jANItA kavi ane karva vidyApIThanA komarsa kolejanA AcArya zrI surendra va. desAIe vidyAlayanA adhyApaka zrI suMdarajI ge. beTAI taraphathI tathA adhyApaka zrI saMtaprasAda (esa, Ara.) bhadde nIce patra maLe che, te pragaTa karatAM harSa thAya che? paNa ukelasamitimAMthI rAjInAmAM ApyAM che. A , jANIne ghaNAne AnaMda thaze.' . . muMbaI, 11-1- 15 . taMtrInI buddhiprakAza, amadAvAda, hiMdInI kusevA Disembara 1954 nA "buddhiprakAza'nA aMkamAM "zabda- gujarAta vidyApIThanA graMthAlayanuM makAna khulluM racanA harIphAIo vize pharI vicAra" nAmano prI. jitendra , mUkatI vakhate karelA pravacanamAM zrI javAharalAla jeTalIne lekha pragaTa thayo che, te joye. temAM pR. 399 upara ukelasamitiomAM kAma karatI keTalIka "labdhapratiSa . neharue uttara bhAratamAM hiMdI ane urdU vacce je vyaktionI vIgatavAra yAdI ApelI che. A yAdImAM vaimanasya cAlyA kare che tene ullekha karIne kahyuM hatuM mAruM nAma paNa meM vAMcyuM. A rIte kadAca anyatra paNa ke urdu e sosALa AnA bhAratIya bhASA che e mAruM nAma AvyA karatuM haze te huM tethI ajJAta chuM. bhAratamAM janmI che ane vikasI che, ene lAta mAravI 15-1-55 For Personal & Private Use Only

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4: buddhiprakAza e potAnI dAlatane lAta mAravA jevuM che. urdU ke phArasI yA arIse Aye hai, hiMdIse nikAla bAhara karI evI vastu nathI je hiMdInI chAtI upara caDI bese die jAyaM." ane tene nukasAna pahoMcADe. bIjAne pADIne pote hiMdanI bhinnabhinna bhASAomAM arabI phArasI meTA thavAno vicAra vicitra che. mULanA zabdo dAkhala thayA che, tenA etihAsika Aje hiMdInA keTalAka kadara pakSakAro A kAraNe che. ene Aje miTAvI zakAya ema nathI. saMkucita khyAlamAM eTalA AgaLa vadhyA che ke miTAvavAnI jarUra paNa nathI. e zabdoe paNa hiMdImAM vaparAtA arabI kArasI maLanA zabdono AvIne ApaNI bhASAne samRddha ja karI che. ane paNa tyAga karavAnI vAta karI rahyA che. gayA Aje e zabdo je ApaNI bhASAomAM cAlatA membaranI 6ThI tArIkhe bastI mukAme maLelA uttara hoya to tenuM kAraNa e nathI ke e zabdonA artha pradezIya hiMdI sAhitya saMmelananA pramukha tarIke vyakta karatA zabado saMskRtamAM nathI, paNa game te zrI bAlakRSNa zarmA, 'navIne' je pravacana karyuM hatuM kAraNe e zabda Aje AmajanatAmAM vadhAre temAM temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke pracalita che e che. "zazi-zIkara' ane "nIhAramuktA" koNa samajaze ? "garala"kAlakUTa' 'jagula' bhale hamAre u5ra caha AkSepa lagAyA jA rahA hai ki hama anudAratA barata rahe haiM. hiMdIse urdU zabdake nikAla kezamAM rahyA, paNa Aphatane vakhate gAMdhIne tyAMthI jhera" kara bAhara pheMkanekA prayAsa kara rahe hai. hiMdImeM yaha AMdo lAvIne ja khAvuM paDaze; ane zrI zarmAjI eka vAta lana kyoM ho jabaki anya prAdezika bhASAomeM yaha bhUlI jAya che ke "raMgama'ne sthAne emaNe je AMdolana nahIM cala rahA hai? mujhe, hiMdIbhASI hote zabdone gaMja khaDakyo che, te badhAnA arthamAM bhinna hue bhI usa AMdolanakA patAM nahIM hai. hAM, meM eka che. evI sUma arthacchA batAvavA mATe paNa esA vyakti ke je anAvazyaka urdU zabdajI ThaMsaThAMsako judAjudA zabdo vAparavA paDe che e emanA jevA katripaNa, atpAdu evaM asAdhu mAnatA . merI sAhityanA mANasanA khyAlamAM kema na AvyuM ? sasajhameM nahIM AtA ki mai "jahara' kyAM piye jabaki meM emanAM vacanamAM je tIkhAza che, je dveSanI jhAMjha garava', "viSa', "halAhala', "jAMgula', je cAhuM, pI sakatA che, te bhASAne lagatA praznanI carcAmAM asthAne che. huM? yaha bhI meM nahIM samajha pAtA ki meM "zabanama kyoM thA jabaki mai tuSArakaNa "zizIkara', "nIhAramuktA, emaNe je bhAga lIdho che teno prayoga Aja aura 'osabi pI sakatA i ...meM "gama ke pahelAM marAThImAM zrI sAvarakare ajamAvI joye che. thakara kayo paddha jabaki mujhe "zoka, "kha", "kheda, ane te kAmayAba nIvaDyo nathI. emane paNa nIvaDakaleza", "saMtApa, Ati, yathA", "vedanA', 'avasAda, vAne nathI. eo ema karIne hiMdIne kRtrima, agnitA, "vijhAda', "dAsInya", saba prApta ho sakate pAMgaLI ane babaDI banAvaze. jema arabIphArasI ( 1 aura phira "gunahagAra" hI gale karyo maDhA jaya jabaki zabdonI " ThaMsaThAMsa' deSarUpa che tema avivekapUrNa aparAdhI? doSI", "pAtakI', 'doSagrasta' Adi mera pAchuM vajana paNa eTaluM ja doSapUrNa che. ' hai para hiMdImeM kaI aisA delana abhI calA nahIM che. merI icchA saha avazya hai ki anAvazyaka zabda je 16-1-'55 co For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada 17muM adhivezana : amadAvAda tA. 27, 28, 29 DiseMbara, 154 svAgata pravacana : zrI. harasiddhabhAI diveTiyA gujarAtanI sAhitya, kalA ane itihAsanI Adarza ane vyavahAra, zAMta satyAgraha ane ugra sAdhanAnuM aitihAsika daSTie vihaMgAvalokana karyA laData-evAM Thankone asAdhAraNa samanvaya sAdhyo pachI emaNe jaNAvyuM ke gujarAtanI pratibhA hatA. emanA vahevAra AdarzavAdane saradAra paTelanI kevaLa vepAra ane udyoganA kSetramAM ja maryAdita paDachaMda vastunichAne sAtha maLatAM duniyAnA ItihAsamAM nathI. vepArI sAhasikatA ane bhaktimaya dhama ajoDa raktahIna krAMti sarjAI. ahIM bhegAbhegI rahetA AvyA che. ane tene Aje itihAsa karatAM rAjakAraNa, arthazAstra enA sAhitya ane kaLA upara paNa prabhAva jevA viSayonA abhyAsanuM AkarSaNa vadhAre che. AmAM paDayo che. vaiviSyamAM sumeLa e gujarAtanA kadAca ItihAsanuM zikSaNa ApavAnI paddhati paNa jIvananI pradhAna preraNA rahI che. gujarAte laDAyaka dezapAtra haze; e dizAmAM ghaNuM sudhArAne avakAza ane Akramaka jusso keLa nathI e kharuM. paNa che. ItihAsanuM zikSaNa rasika banAvavuM hoya te tenA badalAmAM bIjA keTalAka lAbho ene maLyA che rAjakIya, sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika vikAsanI pAchaLa rahelAM baLAne dAkhalA ApI samajAvavAM joIe, gujarAtI dhaMdhAno sodo karavAmAM game eTalo naThAra ane anekAneka ghaTanAonA gUMcavAyelA jALAmAMthI haze, paNa bIjAnAM duHkha ane abhAva vize enA enAM mULa zodhI batAvavAM joIe. itihAsano hadayamAM komaLa lAgaNI rahelI che. jenI ahiMsA sAro abhyAsa eTale banAvone abhyAsa nahi, ane vaiSNanI bhaktinI bhAvanA saikAo sudhI paNa e badhA banAve mAraphate pragaTa thatA te te gujarAtanA jIvanamAM eTalAM otaprota thaI gayelAM samAjanA AtmAne abhyAsa. bhUta kALamAM zuM thayuM che ke e vastuo kevaLa apArthiva bhAvanA maTI e eTaluM mahatvanuM nathI, paNa ema zA mATe ane mAnava itihAsamAM mahAnamAM mahAna vyaktirUpe zI rIte banyuM e jANavuM e mahatvanuM che. Ama Mii che. gAMdhIjI ApaNI bhAratIya saMskRtinA sarve ApaNe AkhI mAnavajAtanA itihAsanI philasUphI uttama aMzanI mUrtirUpa hatA, paNa teo gujarAtamAM upara AvIe chIe. eka dezanA itihAsanA abhyAsa jamyA hatA e bhAre sUcaka hakIkata che. ahiMsA uparathI ApaNe tulanAtmaka ItihAsa upara javuM vize emane aTala Agraha, Izvara vizenI emanI joIe ane temAMthI mAnava saMsthAo zI rIte bhavya bahA, A5NuM dezanA vikaTamAM vikaTa praznone vikAsa pAme che tenA niyamonI vicAraNA para javuM emaNe je DahApaNa ane vyavahArakuzaLatAthI hAtha joIe. sArA itihAsakAra thavA mATe khAsa jarUra dharyA che, tathA mAnava svabhAvanuM emanuM sahaja vastuniSTha dRSTinI che. ghaNuM itihAsagraMtho pUrvalagabhaga akaLa kAna-A badhA guNo game tevA moTA grahane kAraNe nakAmA thaI paDe che. e vAta sAcI mANasamAM paNa eka sAthe jovAmAM AvatA nathI. che ke kaI paNa itihAsakAra saMpUrNapaNe aMgata paNa gAMdhIjImAM e keTaleka aMze vArasArUpe UtarI lAgaNIne bAkAta te rAkhI zake ja nahi. tema chatAM banyA hatAM ane keTaleka aMze temaNe puruSArtha ajANatAM apAyelA raMgo e jANI joIne karelA khIte prApta karyA hatA ane e badhAe bhegA thaIne satyanA a5lApa karatAM ochA niMdya che. udaghATana pravacana mAnanIya dAdAsAheba mAvalaMkara - maNe AkhuM jIvana ItihAsanA abhyAsamAM mane svAbhAvika rIte ja kSobha thAya che. ApaNA bharyuM che evA vidvAna AgaLa belavA UbhA thatAM dezanI pragatimAM ItihAsa kaI rIte madadarUpa thaI For Personal & Private Use Only

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6 :: buddhiprakAza zake e Apa mArA jevA prAkata janane samajAvo e zI rIte bane? mane lAge che ke zAMtievI vinaMtI karavA huM Avyo chuM. huM dhAruM chuM bharyo samAja siddha karavA ItihAsa jevuM bIjuM koI ke A mArI vyavahAra daSTi kevaLa satyanI zodha sAdhana nathI. Aje te itihAsa eTale sAmAnyamATenI jJAnanI zuddha upAsanAnI virodhI nathI. paNe rASTronI rAjakIya pravRttio, vyaktioe ke ApaNe jyAre jJAnane khAtara jJAnanI upA- rASTroe bIjI vyaktio ke rASTro upara meLavela sanAnI vAta karIe chIe tyAre tene artha kharuM kabajo, dhananI prApti, sAmrAjyanI sthApanA, eka jotA eTalo hoya che ke jJAnanI prApti ane vRddhi pakSanA parAkrama ane vijaya ane bIjA pakSanI mATe mathatA mANasoe pitAnI e mahenatamAMthI gulAmI ane parAjayanA smArako. Ane kAraNe kaI sIdhA bhautika lAbhanI apekSA na rAkhavI mAnavajAta ahaMkAra ane dveSane bhoga thaI paDI che joIe. temanAmAM evI zraddhA hovI joIe ke ane tenA parasparavirodhI bhAgalA paDI gayA che. jJAnamAtra ane samAjanA kalyANa ane pragatimAM Aje have vizvakuTuMbanI bhAvanA jAgrata karavAne pariNamaze. samaya AvI pahoMcyo che. eTale have itihAsa ApaNe dareka jaNa cheka nAnapaNathI amuka kevaLa rAjakIya ja nahIM paNa jIvananAM sAmAjika, jAtanA ItihAsathI paricita hoIe chIe. purA- Arthika, naitika, dhArmika vagere badhAM ja pasAMonI nI kathAomAM paNa itihAsanA kaNa maLI Ave noMdha levI joIe ane temAMthI jagatanI saMskAritA che. jene ApaNe purANakathA kahIe chIe tene kevaLa taraphanI kUcamAM judI judI prajAoe ke kevo kalpanA gaNIne pheMkI devI na joIe. temAMthI paNa phALe Apyo che tenI eTale ke prajA prajAnA sahakAranI je sAmagrI maLe tene mAnava samAjanA vikAsano noMdha satyapUta rIte lakhavAnI che; jethI samajAya ke ane temanA paraspara milanano itihAsa racavAmAM mAnava pragatimAM badhAno ja ochovatta phALo che. upayoga karI levuM joIe. paNa mukhya prazna e che ke itihAsa eTale zuM? dareka samAjamAM avAranavAra UthalapAthala thAya eno hetu ze ? e kevI rIte lakhAvo joIe? che tema chatAM tenuM sAtatya jaLavAI rahe che. eTale vyaktio ane prajAnA jIvananA banAvo nedhavAthI koI paNa samAjane saMpUrNapaNe samajavA mATe tenA lAbha ze ? A badhA praznone saMtoSakAraka javAba jIvananAM badhAM pAsAMnuM jJAna Avazyaka hoya che. maLe te prAkRtajanene ItihAsanA abhyAsamAM ane ItihAsakAra AmAM madadarUpa thaI paDe che. itihAsa enA saMzodhanamAM tathA duniyAnI badhI ja prajA. e rASTranI ke prajAnI smRtirUpa che. emAM te te ene sAco ItihAsa pharI lakhAya emAM rasa paDe. rASTra ke prajAnA bhUtakALanA saMskAro saMgrahAyelA ApaNe badhA vizvazAMti mATe jhaMkhIe chIe. hoya che, je ene vartamAnamAM paNa vyApelA hoya che, je duniyAnA judAjudA bhAgomAM rahetA mANase ghaNI vAra ApaNuM upara evo AkSepa karavAmAM ekabIjAne barAbara samajatA thAya te ja vizvazAMti Ave che ke ApaNane itihAsanI Indriya ja nathI. sAdhI zakAya evuM mane to lAge che. e mArga lAMbo eka rIte A vAta sAcI che. paNa je ene artha che. paNa amodha che. koI paNa jAtanI saMdhie ke e hoya ke ApaNA lekene bhUtakALanA banAkarAre emAM saphaLa nahi thAya. jagatanAM badhAM mANase mAMthI dhaDe letAM AvaDatuM nahotuM, te e vAta samAna che, eka ja vizvakuTuMbanAM bhAMDuo che, badhAnAM sAva khoTI che. kharuM jotAM te temaNe dhaDa levA hakko ane javAbadArIo sarakhAM che, ane badhAnuM - upara ja eTaluM dhyAna ApyuM hatuM ke te te banAhita paraspara gADha rIte saMkaLAyeluM che, e vAtane tenI temaNe upekSA karI hatI. temane hakIkate karatA saune anubhava thAya te zAMti sthapAya. bedhanI vadhAre paDI hatI. A daSTie mahAbhArata For Personal & Private Use Only

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" emane mana itihAsa hatA. ane prA. TAInakhIe IliyaDa vize je kahyuM che te mahAbhAratane paNa lAgu paDe che: "iliyaDane vize evuM kahevAya che ke je kAI ene itihAsa lekhe vAMcavA jaze tene e kAlpanika vAtAthI bhareluM lAgaze. paNa e ja rIte je ene kAlpanika kathA tarIke vAMcavA jaze tene e itihAsathI bhareluM lAgaze. vaLI teo kahe che ke itihAsa " paurANika kathAmAMthI ja vikaselA che; paurANika kathA vastune samajavAnI ane vyakta karavAnI prAthamika paddhati che ane emAM hakIkata ane kalpanA vaccenI rekhA AMkelI nathI pazu prAcIna purANakathAomAM DhaMkAyelA prAcIna itihAsane itihAsarUpe pragaTa karavA mATe A rekhA AMkavAnI jarUra paDe che, ane e ApaNe yurepiyana vidvAnA pAse zIkhavAnuM che. hatI. " Ama itihAsakAranuM kAma satyazeAdhananuM che; ene sAmagrInA DhagalAmAMthI prastuta mAhitI tAravIne tenA itihAsa racatAM AvaDavuM joI e, Ama hakIteAne nakkI karavAmAM eNe nyAyAdhIzanI jema vartavAnuM che, tema chatAM eNe kalpanA paNa calAvavAnI che. e bhAratIya ItihAsanA abhyAsa, khAsa karIne * prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsanA, chellA traNa dAyakA daramiyAna ghaNA AgaLa vadhyA che. mAhe jo dareza te haDappA jevAM sthaLAnI rodhathI eka bAjU ApaNA jJAnamAM dhaNA umerA thayA che teA bIjI bAju navA prazna upasthita thayA che, jeneA sa`teSakAraka ukela hAla du'bha che. emAMnA keTalAka prazna huM ApanI samakSa rajU karavA mAguM chuM. ahIM huM prANa--itihAsa vize kaMI nahi kahuM. haDappA saMskRtinI khAkhatamAM mese|peTemiyAnAM madha-aitihAMsika nagarA sAthenA enA sapane AdhAre purAtattvajJAe ene samaya I. pU. 23001500 nA akIne enA vinAza AryAMnA AkramaNa sAthe sAMkhyuM che. paraMtu AryaMnA AgamananA samayanA prazna paNA nivAdagrasta che, cekAssAvAkiyAnA bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : : cha vagara e hakIkatanAM hADapiMjarane lAhImAMsanAM satya pUtaLAM nahi banAvI zake, ane te vagara itihAsa vAcakane rasaprada paNa na thAya. pazu eNe satyanI sUkSma rekhAmAMthI caLavAnuM nathI. enI bhASA kavitI rasALa bhASA hoya e Avazyaka che. enuM kAma hakIkatAnA samanvaya sAdhavAnuM ane a ghaTAvavAnuM paNa che. ApaNA dezane Ave! sa saMgrAhaka itihAsa lakhAve hajI bAkI che. ane AveA itihAsa lakhavAnuM kAma kadI pUruM paNa na thAya, kAraNu divase divase navI sAmagrI hAtha lAgatI javAnI ane tene lIdhe tyAM sudhImAM lakhAyelA ItihAsamAM sudhArA vadhArA karavA paDavAnA. eTale itihAsalekhana e te eka satata cAlanArI pravRtti che. emAM dhIraja ane udyamazIlatAnI khUba jarUra paDe che. A pariSadanA jevI sa sthA peAtAnA aneka vidvAnonA sahakArayukta prayAsathI, vaijJAnika abhyAsathI ane sa MzAdhanathI ApaNA dezanA sarvAMsa grAhaka itihAsa ApavA samartha nIvaDaze evI mane khAtarI che. pramukha : DaoN. nirjanaprasAda cakravartI vidvAna hAjanIe evA mata rajU karyAM che ke siMdhu pradezanAM e nagarAnA leAkeA bhArata-yurApIya samudAyanA hatA, pUrva eziyA mAyAra, uttara sIriyA te pazcimAttara meseTemiyAmAMthI AvyA hatA, te emanAM nagarAnA nAza draviDa leAnA AkramaNathI thayA. A mata saMpUrNa satASakAraka na hovA chatAM jarUra dhyAnamAM levA jevA che. divaDAnI bAbatamAM have evuM pratipAdita thayuM che ke emanI bhASA mAtra dakSiNa bhAratamAM nahi, akhila bhAratabharamAM prasarI hatI. keTalAka vidvAno te enI asara irAna, meseApoTemiyA, misara te bhUmadhya pradeza jevA videzAmAMye prasarI hovAnuM sUcave che. ahIM A draviDa bhASA eTale upalabdha tAmila sAhityanI bhASA nahi e spaSTa karavuM joI e, kemake e bhASA Isu pUrve ekAda zatakathI vadhu prAcIna For Personal & Private Use Only

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: : buddhiprakAza jaSNuAtI nathI. haDappA saMskRtinA prazna enI lipi ukelI zakAtI na hovAthI jaTila rahyo che. atyAra sudhImAM e lipi ukelavAnA aneka prayatna thayA che, paraMtu emAMnA kAI haju sAcA TharyA nathI. lipi te bhASA e aMte ajJAta hAI enA ukela maLavA haju muzkela che. haDappA lipinA mareDa sAteka sadIo sudhI eka sarakhA rahyo che e eka mUMjhavatA prazna che. jemAMnI eka bhASA jANItI hAya evA krAIma vaibhASika lekha paNa haju sudhImAM hAtha lAgyA nathI. vaLI e lipinA je lekha maLyA che te sahu bhrUNA TUMkA che. AthI atyAra sudhInA tamAma tarka kAlpa nika gaNAya. chatAM jema krITanI purAtana lipine have prAcIna grIka lipi sAthe barAbara baMdha besADI zakAI che tema A lipinA paNa ukela vahelAmeADI hAtha lAgaze evI AzA asthAne nathI. khIjuM, haDappA nagaranA nAza AryAnA hAthe thayA e mata tAjetaramAM ThIka pracalita thayA hatA, paraMtu have e matanA AdhAranuM pramANa pAMgaLuM TharyuM che, kemake e AnA gaNAtA vasavATanA je avaroSa haDappAnA upalA zmazAnamAM maLyA che tevA avazeSa sipradezanAM anya sthaLeAe kAMya maLI AvatA nathI. paraMtu I. pU. 500-300 nA arasAnAM kALAM vAsaNAnA tharanI nIce maLI AvatAM kALA raMganI viziSTa bhAtAnAM citarAmaNavALAM rAkhoDiyA raMganAM vAsaNAnA thara Adya ArmInA vasavATanA pradeza sAthe evA baMdha bese che ke e avazeSone AryAM sAthe sAMkaLavA svAbhAvika lAge. satalajane kAMThe AvelA rUpaDamAM tAjetaramAM thayelA khAdakAmamAM AaparAjitanuM sthAna te enA rAjyanA samaya pa vAsaNAnA thara haDappA saMskRtinA tharanI upara nIkaLyA che, paraMtu e e thara vacce cArapAMca sadInA khAlI gALA rahelA jaNAya che. AthI tyAM haju anizcita che. uddedUranA cALAnA itihAsa ceAthIthI navamI sadI sudhI zreNA aspaSTa che. sadham kAla pachInA pAMDatya rAjAenI `zAvaLI haDappA saMskRtinA asta te Aya' saMskRtinA udaya tema ja emanA samaya paNa nizcita nathI. kazasdezanA vacce kaI sIdhA saMbaMdha nIkaLatA nathI. gaMga rAjAonA vatana ne samayanA prazna eTalA ja anizcita che. gaMga ne kakha rAjAo vaccenA sabadhA paNa spaSTatA mAge che, kadA te cAlu aitihAsika yuganA praznomAM kuSANu ArasanA prazna khAsa dhipAtra che. kuSANu enA lekhamAM mitinA ullekha phakta 15 phUTa sudhI ja maLe che. pachInA lekhAmAM zatakanA aMka adhyAhAra rAkhavAmAM AvatA evA eka mata chee UMDA abhyAsa karatAM kharAbara na heAvAnuM mAlUma paDe che. kauzAMkhInA rAjAenA lekhAmAM varSa 21 thI 149 sudhInI mitie maLe che. e nagarInA khAdakAmanAM tAjetaranAM pariNAmeA parathI A rAna enA tema ja kuSANu rAjAonA lekhAnI mitienA saMvatane I. sa. 78mAM zarU thayelA gaNavA vadhu ucita lAge che. maurya kAlanI bAbatamAM paNa ca`drazumanA aMtima nivAsasthAna vize tema ja azakranA samaya pachInA itihAsa vize haju ghaNuM anizcita rahyu che. sAtavAhana rAjya saMbaMdhI emanA mULa vatanane tema ja emanI sattAnI sthApanAnA samayanA prazna haju pUrepUrA UkalyA nathI. dakSiNa bhAratanA itihAsamAM paNava, cALa, pAMDaya, cAlukaya, rASTrakUTa te gaMgA jevA lagabhaga mahattvanA vAnI utpatti tema ja emanA AraMbhika itihAsa haju aMdhArAmAM che. kAlanA rAjA saMskRta ne prAkRta zAsanAnA pallavA ane zilAlekhAnA pallavA vacce haju kAI sIdhA nizcita sabaMdha pratipAdita thayA nathI. na'divA~ pallavamalla pachInA palaveAnA itihAsanI ane ArabhanA ceALa rAjAo sAthenI emanI samakAlInatAnI khAkhatamAM paNa haju aneka mUjhavaNA rahI che. cALAne hAthe thayelA palavasattAnA aMtima hAsanA samaya vize navA prazna upasthita thayA che. palavava'zamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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kathonI sattAnA udaya vize paNa vadhu sazodhananI jarUra che. rASTrakUTAnA tihAsamAM emanA vatanane! mukhya muddo carcAspada che. A uparAMta dantidurganI pahelAMnA rASTrakUTAnA itihAsa, dantiHga'nI sattAnA aMta, gAvida 3jAnuM rAjyarAhaNa jevA bIjA keTalAka prazno paNa aNuUkalyA rahyA che. devagaranA yAdaveAnA ArabhathI bhillama 5 mAnA samaya sudhInA ItihAsa haju aspaSTa rahyo che. AraMbhika kAlanA telugu vanAmAM sAla'kAyanA te viSNuku'DIonI vaMzAvaLI haju carcAspada rahI che. vijayanagarava'zatA itihAsa paNa muzkelIothI sada'tara mukta nathI. vijayanagaranA prathama vaMzanI utpatti tema ja hirahara rAjAnA mRtyu pachI rAjagAdI mATe thayelA AMtaravigrahanI vigate aspaSTa rahI che, tema ja I. sa. 1565 pachInA vijayanagaranA sarvagrAhI itihAsa lakhAvA bAkI che. (pUrva) gaMga savanA Ara'bhakAlanA prazna haju vivAdagrasta che. zaMkarAcAya' te madhvAcAyanA samaya haju nizcita thaye| nathI. madhvAcAya' te emanA ziSyAnI mitionA meLa maLatA nathI. dRSTAntarUpe gametema gaNAvelA A prazno para bhAratanA vidvAna ne itihAsakArA pAtAnuM dhyAna kendrita kare e iSTa che, bhAratanA itihAsanI samucita punaTanA mATe sImAnta pradezanA te paDAzI dezanA itihAsa tapAsavA anivAya che. A pradezonA mahattva aMge huM e dRSTAnta ApuM. eka che gilagita pradezamAMthI maLelA varSa 47tA khaDaka lekha, jemAM 5. ma. 5. paTAladeva zAhi urphe nava surendrAditya nadInA amAtya mArasihe baMdhAvelA nagaranI hakIkata naidhivAmAM AvI che. emAM makarasi hane zijizitA-sAMdha kahevAmAM AvyA che, arthAt miligitanA vA. bhAratIya banelA A IrAnI rAjA vize. rAjataragiNI'mAM AvatA prAsaMgika ullekhA sivAya kaI bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : : 9 ja mAhitI upalabdha naheAtI. khIjo lekha ArAkAnanA prAcIna pATanagara sroDau'ganA eka stha'bha para maLye che. enI pahelI 16 5ktinuM lakhANa surakSita nathI, paNa pachInI 13 paMktimAM alavazanA 13 rAjAonAM nAma ApyAM che, je sarva nAmeAne a Mte candra zabda Ave che. lekhamAM A rAjAonA rAjyAla paNa ApavAmAM AvyA che. e pachI judA vaMzanA nava rAjAonAM nAma ApyAM che, jemAM AnandacandranuM nAma khAsa noMdhapAtra che. eNe aneka bauddha vihAra baMdhAvIne ene vividha dAna dIdhAM hatAM tema ja rIvA ne vaiSNavA mATeya maTha baMdhAvyA hatA. A pradezamAM prAcIna avazeSa| meATI sakhyAmAM maLe che te enA itihAsa vize dhaNuM saMzodhana karavuM bAkI che. purAtattva te bhASAzAstranA saMzodhanane pariNAme have evA samaya AvyeA che ke bhAratIya itihAsa ne saskRtinA abhyAsa arthe mAtra bhAratamAM maLatI sAdhanasAmagrI para ja pUrA AdhAra rAkhI zakAya nahi. jAtienA sthaLAMtaranA tema ja saMskRtinAM vaheNAnA nakakkara jJAna mATe ApaNA paDAzI dezeAnA, khAsa karIne bhUmadhya pradezanA dezAnA, itihAsanA abhyAsa Avazyaka che. have prazna e che ke ApaNA hetu pAra pADavA mATe zuM karavuM joI e viSaya tarIke bhAratIya itihAsa ne sa MskRti ApaNI keTalIka yunivarsiTIAmAM zIkhavAya che. ApaNAmAM keTalAka prathama pa`ktinA vidvAnA che ke jemaNe prazasya kRtio taiyAra karI che. paraMtu je che te pUratuM nathI. bhAratamAM kAI evI saMsthA che ke jyAM bhUmadhya dezanA athavA kharmA, silAna, thAilaeNnDa, malAyA te hiMdeziyA jevA paDAzI dezeAnA prAcIna itihAsanA abhyAsa karI enA para sAdhana karI zakAya ? pUrva ne pazcimanI vividha saMskRtienAM saMgamasthAna jevAM cIna te madhya eziyA sAthenA ApaNA prAcIna saMparkAnA abhyAsa karavA mATe kAI sagavaDa che kharI ? nA. ApaNane bhAratamAM eka khAsa 'zodhana saMsthAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 :: aMddhiprakAza jarUra che, ke jyAM ApaNA uttama abhyAsIo viziSTa viSayeA para nirvighna rIte zeAdhana karI zake, emAM kharcAyelA paiseA UgI nIkaLaze. A dizAmAM AgaLa AvatA abhyAsIenI sakhyAne AMkaDA eTalA mahattvanA nathI. videzamAM evI aneka saMsthAo che ke jyAM adhyayana karanAra karatAM adhyApana karanAranI sakhyA vadhu hoya. yuropanA dhaNAkharA dezamAM vaijJAnika adhyayanamAM paDelA mANusAne peAtAnA khAsa abhyAsa mATe pasada karelA dezAnI mulAkAta levAnI te tyAM rahI amuka samaya sudhI kAma karavAnI sagavaDa maLe che. uparAMta, tee zeAdhakhALa mATe judAM judAM ma`DaLa mAle che. ApaNI AjhAdI pachI keTalAye videzI niSNAta e bhArata tibeTa te nepAlanI mulAkAta lIdhI che, paraMtu evA abhyAsa arthe ApaNA peAtAnA abhyAsIone maghyastha ke rAjya sarakAro taraphathI athavA ApaNI kAI yunavisaTI taraphathI evI kAI sagavaDa maLI hAvAnuM mArI jANamAM nathI. ApaNA adbhuta bhUtakALane jALavI khIjAe samakSa ujjavaLa rIte rajU karatAM na zIkhIe, te enI vAtA karavAnA kaI artha nathI. Aje sarvatra bhArata tarapha zubhecchA varase che, AmAMnA dhaNA dezane ApaNI pAsethI Adhunika vijJAna ke udyoga saMbaMdhI kaI jANavAnuM maLe ema nathI, paraMtu e sahu ApaNA itihAsa ne ApaNI saMskRti vize, ApaNI kalA ne ApaNA sAhitya vize jANavA Atura che. alabatta, ApaNe avAranavAra gheADA divaseA mATe ke bahu te thADAM aThavADiyAM mATe khIjA dezAmAM sAMskRtika ma`DaLA mAkalIe chIe, para`tu e dezA para enI kaI kAyamI asara rahetI nathI. ApaNe briTiza kAunsilanA jevI inDiyana kAunsila kADhIne e dvArA ApaNane ApaNuM je je uttama lAgatuM heAya te bIjA dezo batAvI zakIe. ApanI samakSa eka bIjI bAbata raju karavAnI taka lau. e che deza, rAjyA te jillAnAM gejheTiyarAnuM punaHsaMskaraNu. mane AzA hatI ke AjhAdI pachI thoDA ja vakhatamAM ApaNe ApaNI peAtAnAM gejheTiyara lakhavAnuM hAthamAM laIzuM, pazu haju sudhI bahu ochuM kAma thayuM che. thADAMka rAjyAe A kAma hAthamAM lIdhuM jaNAya che, paraMtu ane kendra taraphathI jarUrI - samanvayane lAbha bhAgye ja maLyA che. mane lAge che ke A kAma mATe kendramAM eka prakhara salAhakAra ma'DaLa heAvuM joIe, je sarakArane eka samanvita yojanA dhaDavAmAM madada kare. agAunAM gaeNjheTiyara lakhAyAM tyAre yeAjanA madhyastha sarakAre ghaDI hatI ne kAma eka ekadhArI yojanA anusAra thayuM hatuM. jo judAMjudAM rAjya judIjudI rIte kAma karAvaze, te vAcakone ghaNA gUMcavADA thaze, A prasaMge huM prAcIna sthaLanAmeAnuM gaeNjheTiyar taiyAra karavAnA mahattva vize ApanuM dhyAna doravA mAcu chuM. ApaNAM sAhityamAM tema ja ApaNA utkINu lekheAmAM AvAM hajArA nAma Ave che. purAtattvakhAtAnI prAcInalekhazAkhAne jarUrI mANasA ApavAmAM Ave teA e A kAma ghaNI sArI rIte hAthamAM laI zake. evI rIte ApaNAM daphatarA (rekorDa'jha) tarapha ApanuM lakSya doravA cAhuM chuM. bhArata sarakAra varganAM rAjyAnAM te agAunI resiDansInAM daphatara peAtAne hastaka laIne ene eka kendra sthAne rAkhavAne badale enA eka hissA bApAla ne bIjo hissA mAunTa Ayu mAkalI rahI che. A kheTI dizAnuM pagalu` che. Ama karavAthI e daphatarAnA lAbha levA mAgatA abhyAsIone agavaDa paDaze eTaluM ja nahi, mAunTa Abu paranA bhAre varasAda te bhejane lIdhe e dastAvejoneya nukasAna pahoMcaze. va vanAM rAjyAmAM A daphatarAnA saMgraha te saMrakSaNanI pragati joIe teTalI jhaDapI nathI. varganAM keTalAMka rAjyAmAM paNa dastAvejonI kAi kAMI sabhALa rAkhatuM nathI. dareka rAjye peAtAnA sekreTariyeTanI bahAranAM mahattvanAM daphatarAnA sArasaMgraha tema ja enI sUcI karAvavI Avazyaka che. agAunI inDiyA AphisanAM daphatarAnI vaheMcaNInuMye zuM thayuM te mArI jANamAM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada:: 11 abhyAsanA hita khAtara AvI tapAsa tAkIde chIe ne havenA kAryanI javAbadArI nAnerAone thavI joIe. zira rahe che. bhAratanI zuddha vikatAne saMgIna pAke amArAmAMnA keTalAka jIvanasaMdhyAe paheo racavA mATe amAre tamArA para AdhAra rAkhavAne che. vibhAga 1 lo : [ I. sa. 711 sudhI ] pramukha : De. metIcaMdra [ muMbaInA prinsa opha va8 ne zurAno artha eka ja hoIne A vizeSa palsa myujhiyama epha vesTana iMDiyAnA saMcAlaka che. saMbhavita lAge che. bhAratIya prAcIna itihAsa ne saMskRtinA prakhara vidvAna che. sAhityamAMthI itihAsane upayogI sAmagrI mahAbhAratanA sabhAparvamAM AvatA upAyana parvanA adhyA keTalA badhA pramANamAM tAravI zakAya e De. vA. ne etihAsika daSTie abhyAsa karI e parvamAM ? jaNAvelAM dezavidezanAM mANaso ne dro parathI emaNe za. agravAlanAM be navAM pustaka parathI spaSTa thayuM reluM e parvanA racanAkAla vizenuM saMzodhana e emanI che. 'inDiyA eNjha nena Tu pANini'mAM emaNe saMzodhana pravRttine eka noMdhapAtra namUno che. bhAratIya I. pU. pAMcamI sadInA bhAratanuM tAdaza citra kAcIna vezabhUSA tema ja sArthavAha vize paNa emaNe AlekhyuM che ne sUrNarita : va Adhyayana mAM emaNe tArI mAhitI rajU karI che.] durbaritanA vigatavAra abhyAsa parathI sAtamI - bhAratIya prAcIna ItihAsa je sAdhanasAmagrI sadInI sAmAjika, dhArmika ne rAjakIya paristhitinuM parathI taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo che tenA pariNAme AbehUba bayAna ApyuM che. AmAM emane bhAratIya be rAjAo, yuddho ne mitionI yAdI je zuSka kalAne sthApatyanA nikaTa paricaye keTalAye zabdone jaNAya che. A bAbatamAM pUratI mAhitI meLavavI artha phuTa karavAmAM madada karI che. muzkela che, paraMtu chellAM pacAsa varSo daramyAna bhAratIya prAcIna itihAsanA abhyAsamAM zi95kRtio ne sAhityakationI je navInavI sAmagrI atihAsika bhUgoLanuM pUruM mahattva haju samajAyuM bahAra AvI che te parathI I. pU. 1500 thI nathI. bhAratIya sAhityamAM A dezanI prAcIna I. sa. 500 sudhInA samAjanI paristhiti para bhUgoLane svataMtra ahevAla maLatuM nathI. paurANika ghaNo prakAza pADyo che bhAvi itihAsakAre have sAhityamAM deze, parvata, nadIo, jAtio vagerenAM jAonI rAjakIya siddhione badale te samayanA nAma muvanorAmAM gametema jaNAvelAM che. AnI sAthe grIka ne cInI tema ja lekho ne sikkAonI sAmagrIne samAjanAM vaheNa para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita karavuM abhyAsa kare joIe. A bhuvana-kezone pATha azuddha hoI enI zuddha prata taiyAra karavI jarUrI, bhAratIya sAdhanasAmagrI aitihAsika draSTie che. bauddha dharmanA pAli, saMskRta ne cInI graMthamAM game teTalI zaMkAspada hoya, paNa emAM e jamAnAne bhAratanI aMdaranA tathA bahAranA pradezonI bhaugolika khaga padho paDe che e niHsaMzaya che. dAkhalA tarIke, mAhitI ApelI che. saMzodhana karanAre A badhA digvinya parvamAM jaNAvelA ajune karelA RSike sAmagrI vaijJAnika paddhatie tapAsavAnI che. A ne parama-RSike paranA vijayamAM madhya eziyAnA bAbatamAM bhASAzAstra ThIka mArgadarzaka che, paraMtu macI lekee karelA bAhalIka deza paranA vijayanuM enAM pariNAmone bIjI sAmagrI vaDe cakAsavA pratibiMba paDe che. evI rIte nakulanA digvijayamAM joIe. pANinie potAnA granthamAM sthaLanAmanuM jaNAvelA madhyamikAnA vATavAna brAhmaNe paranA vargIkaraNa suvidita vyutpatti-paddhati anusAra kareluM vijayamAM yavanee karelA e nagarInA zuMgo paranA che. emAM jaNAveluM gujara sthalanAma have vijayanuM smaraNa raheluM spaSTa thAya che. saMskRtamAM utkIrNamAM maLI Ave che, For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 : : buddhiprakAza likhita ItihAsanA bhAve aitihAsika anuzrutimAM rahelA tathyo paNa lAbha levA joI e. azAkanA pautra sammatine lagatI jaina anuzrutinI vigatA tapAsatAM emAM azokanAM dhama 'zAsanAnu` spaSTa pratibiMba paDatuM jaNAya che. vaLI e anuzrutimAM sammatie tAmila te Andhra deza jItyA hovAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. Andhra dezanA keTalAka bhAga tA azokanI sattA nIceya hatA, paraM'tu tAmila dezane lagatI hakIkata navI che, jene prAcIna tAmi lasAhityamAM AvatA tAmilanADa para thayelA mauya vijayanA ullekhA parathI samarthana maLe che. sAtavAhanAnA itihAsa mATe lekhA, sikkA te purANeAnI sAmagrI pUrepUrI tapAsavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu jaina sAhityanI anuzrutiye lakSyamAM levA jevI che. eka kathAmAM rAjA zAlivAhane peAtAnA senApatine mathurA jItavAnI AjJA karatAM e senApatine rAjA kaI mathurA kahevA mAge che e na samajAtAM eNe uttaranI tema ja dakSiNanI ema ane mathurA chatI evA ullekha Ave che. eka khIjI kathAmAM bharukacchanA nahavAha (arthAt nahapA) te pratiSThAnanA sAlivAhana (arthAt gautamaputra) vaccenI spardhAnA tema ja nahapANe dharmasthAnA pAchaLa vAparelA aDhaLaka dravyanA nirdeza Ave che. dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che. prA. levI yuIzI loko 1lI-ra7 sadImAM dakhkhaNamAM sattA dharAvatA hatA evA mata rajU kare che e Ama asa`bhavita lAge ema che, paraMtu enA khIjA anekavidha purAvA maLatA jAya che. uttara pradezanA madha vaMzanA DaeNA. aLatekare je itihAsa gAThavyeA che. tene rAjabrATamAMthI maLelI mudrAne AdhAre navesara tapAsavAnI jarUra che. A matra lAkA kANu hatA te emane sAtavAhanA sAthe ze sabaMdha hatA e eka jaTila prazna che, jenA para sAtavAhaneAnA uttarakAlIna itihAsa parathI kaMI prakAza paDe che. yajJazrI sAtakInA samaya, pachI sAtavAhana sAmrAjyanI paDatI thatAM enA pazcima te dakSiNanA prAMta cuTu zAkhAnA kabajAmAM te pUrvanA prAMta uttaranA IkSvAkuonA kabajAmAM gayA tyAre zrI zivamaka arthAt zivamadha amarAvatI tajI mahA kaiAzalane mAge kauzAMbI gayA jaNAya che. tyAM eNe I. sa. 155nA arasAmAM navuM rAjaya sthApyuM. enA pachI bhadramadha gAdIe ALye, jene lekha (I. sa. 159) kauzAMkhImAMthI maLyA che. enA pachI kausIputra zivamatra gAdIe AvyA lAge che. enuM rAjya I sa. 185nA arasAmAM pUru thayuM hovuM joIe. guptavaMzanA tihAsane abhyAsalekhA, sikkAo te sAhityanI sAmagrI parathI kharAkhara karavAmAM AvyA che, paNa e kAlanAM leAkajIvana te saMskRti para mahattvaneA prakAza pADe tevI amuka sAmagrInI upekSA karavAmAM AvI che. dAkhalA tarIke vastumAMnI tarIke oLakhAtAM cAra bhANu cheka 1922 zake! te sAtavAhanA vaccenA saMbaMdha nakkI karavA mATe UMDA abhyAsanI jarUra che. jemAM bhakacchanA prasiddha baMdaranA samAveza thatA e aparAta deza zarUAtamAM nahapANe jItelA, enI pAsethI e pradeza gautamIputra jItI lIdhA. ne e pachI pAchAmAM rudradAmAe kabaje karyAM. nAsikanA pradeza paNa napANu pAsethI gautamIputra laI lIdhelA te enA anugAmI vAsiSThIputranA ce hAthamAM rahyo hatA, paraMtu TAlemI ene samAveza vAsiSThIputranA rAjyamAM nahi paNa ujjananA caSTanAM rAjyamAM kare che e neoMdhapAtra che. evI rIte periplasamAM AvatA 'nakhanasa'nAM ullekhamAM nahapANunI hakIkata maLI Ave che e prasiddha thayAM hatAM te e kRtio guptakAlanI hovAnuM pUrepUruM puravAra thaI gayuM che. emAMnA e bhANumAM kumAracukhta mahendrAdityanA gabhita ullekha Ave che. vaLI eka bhANumAM jaNAvelA aparAntanA rAjA indravarmA tema ja dazapuranA rAjA rudravarmA paNa aitihAsika hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. A bhANuMrUpakeAnI kharI majhA tA emAM karelA e samayanA mANasAnA te emanA cAritryanA nirUpaNumAM rahelI For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya ItihAsa pariSada : : 13 che. AmAM AlekheluM bhadrajanone citra ApaNAM jamIna tema ja jaLamArganA sAhasika vepAra kheDavA naitika dhoraNone pasaMda paDe ke na paDe, paraMtu emAM ne dezane Arthika rIte sabaLa banAvyA enuM eka sadaNago ne gaNAthI bharelA lokonuM sAcuM jIvaMta saMkalita citra ApavAne yatna karyo che. bhAratanA pratibiMba jovA maLe che e cokkasa che. vaLI A vepAravaNajanuM citra AlekhavAmAM Aja sudhImAM kRtiomAM ujajayinInI jAhojalAlInuM suMdara nirUpaNa moTe bhAge grIka romana ke cInI sAdhanasAmagrIne maLI Ave che. A nagarInI mahattA meghadUta, mR8- upayoga karavAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu bhAratIya Ti ne #rzvarI uparAMta graMnnapurANa (a. 43-44) sAdhanasAmagrIne pUrato lAbha levAmAM Avyo nathI. mAM ye darzAvavAmAM AvI che. A purANamAM jaNAvelAM kauTilyanA graMthamAM vepAranA mArgo vize ghaNI mAhitI tyAMnAM vikrama svAmI ne govinda svAmInAM vaNava Ave che. emAM jalamArga viruddha sthalamArganI tema ja maMdira anukrame candragupta bIjAe ane enA putra haimavata mArga viruddha dakSiNa bhAganI carcA karavAmAM govindamukhe baMdhAvyAM haze ema che. agravAlanuM AvI che te khAsa noMdhapAtra che. evI rIte madanidesa mAnavuM che. ujajanamAM kauzAMbI pratiSThAna mArgane mAM jaNAvelI prAcIna baMdaronI yAdI ghaNI mahattavanI mathurA-pratiSThAna mAga bhegA thatA ne ujajanane che. emAM hiMdeziyA, malAyA, barmA, bhArata, AphrikA bherukaccha, dantapura ne kAverIpattana sAthe nikaTa ne bhUmadhya pradezanAM aneka baMdarone samAveza thAya saMbaMdha hato e kAraNe tyAM ghaNI vepArI samRddhi che. miTinyupo, samApavaeN ne vasudevadi mAM AvatA khIlI hatI. keTalAka ullekha paNa pUrva ke pazcimanA dezAvaranAM | ItihAsa e samAjane saMkalita citra che ne baMdarone lAgu paDe che. A rIte AraMbhika zatakomAM manuSyanA vikasatA jIvanamAM vepAravaNaje mahattvane bhAratIya vepArIone bhAratanAM tema ja dezAvaranAM bhAga bhajavyo che. sArthavAda mAM meM bhAratanA vepA- baMdaronI mAhitI hovAnI hakIkata spaSTa thAya che. rIoe aneka kaparI muzkelIono sAmano karIne vibhAga 2 [I. sa. 71ra-1ra06]. pramakha : zrI nIhAraraMjana rAya [ kalakattA vizva- sthiti ane vAtAvaraNanI vastuniSTha kramAnusArI vidyAlayanA kalA zilya vibhAganA bAgezvarI adhyApaka. nedha - e vidhAna sAme to huM vAMdho na ja lauM', hamaNAM be varSathI eo brAdezanI sarakAranI mAgaNuthI tema chatAM sAthosAtha huM eTaluM umeryA vagara rahI te dezamAM gayelA che ane tyAM bauddha dharmadarzananA zikSaNa ane saMzodhana mATe AMtararASTriya vidyAlayanI sthApanA zakatuM nathI ke kalpanAzakti ane buddhizaktinI khUba aMge kAma kare che, ane tyAMnI sarakAranA sAMskArika UMcI kakSAe rahIne emAM kalpanA ane arthaghaTana pracAranA salAhakAra che. hamaNuM baMgALa sAhitya pariSada ane itihAsa pariSada aMge traNa aThavADiyAnI rajA jIvana eka akhaMDa vastu che, eTale enA khaMDa upara AvyA hatA. brahmadezanI sarakAre hajI eka vadhu varSa pADIne ane te khaMDone taddana alaga rAkhIne tenuM mATe emanI sevAnI mAgaNI karI che. emaNe baMgALImAM nirIkSaNa ane vicAra karavAmAM Ave che enuM bAMgAlIra ItihAsa khaMDa-1 nAme moTA kadanAM hajAra pAnAMne daLadAra graMtha lakhelo che. uparAMta ravIndranAthanA sAcuM darzana ke artha sAMpaDI zakatAM nathI. itihAsa sAhitya upara pAMcase pAMcaso pAnAMnA be graMtha te koI paNa eka samaya ane dezanA jIvananI samagra "ravIndra sAhitya bhUmikA" nAme lakhelA che, eno trIje prakriyAnI nadhi hAI ene abhyAsa ane arthaghaTana khaMDa hajI pragaTa thavAno che.] alaga alaga khaMDamAM thaI zake ja nahi; balake " kaI paNa kALa ke dezane itihAsa eTale siddha thayelI hakIkatene AdhAre mAnavabuddhi ane tatvataH hakIkatonI nedha-banAve, vicAra, pari, ka95nAnA gajA anusAra eka akhaMDa padArtha tarIke For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 : : buddhiprakAza ja eno abhyAsa ane arthadhaTana thavAM joIe. lAgatuM, kAraNa mArA thaDA anubhava uparathI paNa jIvananAM jahAMjadAM pAsAMono araparasa mane jaNAyuM che ke e samayanA je utkIrNa lekhe saMbaMdha ane temanI ekabIjA sAthenI jIvaMta maLe che, temAM juduM ja jovAmAM Ave che. eTale ekarasatAmAM A akhaMDatA jovA maLe che, kAraNa ApaNe evA lekhane ane te samayanA sAhityane e bhinnabhinna pAsAMonI ekabIjA upara sAdhaka paNa e dRSTie jovuM joIe.' ke bAdhaka asara thAya che. ATaluM je ApaNe e samayanI dhArmika pravRttio ane AdhyAsvIkArI laIe to emAMthI e kalita thavAnuM ja tmika ane sarjanAtmaka puruSArthonuM paNa vigatavAra ke rAjakIya itihAsa eTale kevaLa rAjavaMzonI noMdha citra taiyAra karavAnI khUba jarUra che. nahi, ane ene te samayanI bhautika bhUmikA ane sAmAjika tathA Arthika vicAro ane banAve ane yuropamAM A madhya yugane kALa badhI bAbatamAM khara jotA te ethIye AgaLa jaIne dhArmika ane paDatIne hatuM eTale ApaNA dezanA A kALane AdhyAtmika vicAro ane anubhavo sAthe paNa paNa ApaNe e ja mAnI lIdhe. gupta yugane ' saMbaMdha hovAno ja. suvarNakALa sAtamI sadIne aMte pUre thatAM ApaNe eTale A samayane rAjakIya itihAsa jIvananAM tyAM paNa kalA ane vicAramAM cokaThA pramANe cAlabadhAM pAsAMone lagatI mAhitI uparathI tAraNa vAnuM zarU thayuM, rUDhi ane pramANane anusaravAnuM kAdIne saMpUrNa karavAmAM Ave e Avazyaka che. vadhI gayuM, kriyAkAMDa ane purohitanuM prAbalya vadhatuM A vAta sAmAjika ke Arthika ke sAMskArika ke gayuM, jamInadAronuM jora vadhI gayuM ane jIvananA dhArmika ItihAsane paNa eTalI ja lAgu paDe che. badhA ja - vyAsa ) badhAM ja kSetromAM jaDa rUDhi prabaLa banI beThI eTale kalA, sAhitya ane dharmanI pravRttione ema manAyuM. vicAra karatAM ApaNe te te samayanI sAmAjika, AnA samarthanamAM ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke Arthika ane rAjakIya paristhitine paNa vicAra A jamAnAmAM hiMdanA ke--kaMi nahi te temanA karavuM ja joIe. ApaNe te te samayanI sAmAjika rAjayakartAo-hiMdanI bhaugolika ane sAMskArika ane Arthika sthiti ke dhArmika tathA sAhitya ane ekatAne khyAla bhUlI gayA. eka sArvabhauma rAjayane kalAviSayaka pravRttio vize maLe eTalI mAhitIo badale svataMtra rAjya sthapAyAM. prAdezika lipione bhegI karavA pramatna karIe chIe paNa e badhI uddabhava thayA, prAdezika bolIo ane bhASAe vacce je paraspara saMbaMdha che tenA upara joI e janmI, ane kalA sthApatyamAM paNa prAdezika eTaluM dhyAna ApatA nathI; emAM khUba vivekapUrvaka svarUpa sthira thavA lAgyAM. vaLI ema paNa kahevAya artha ghaTAvavAnI jarUra paDe che. che ke sAhityamAM paNa e vakhate niprANu kavitA e samayanA jamInane lagatA dhArA, jamInanAM ane nATaka lakhAyAM, jemAM sajaka pratibhA karatAM mA5, jamInanI kiMmata, jamIna mahesUla, ene rIti ja pradhAna banI gaI. vicAro ane vidvAna lagatA hake ane javAbadArIo, jamInanuM vargI. paNa maulika sarjana karavAne badale junA graMthanI karaNa, vagere aneka vigate bhegI karavAnI rahe che. TIkATipaNI lakhavAmAM ja paDI gayA. AkhuM jIvana e ja rIte jJAti saMsthA viSe. jJAtine te samayanI baMdhiyAra thaI saDavA lAgyuM. Ane kAraNe pAchaLathI artharacanA ane samAjaracanA sAthe kevo saMbaMdha Akhe deza paradezIonA tAbAmAM jaI paDayo. to e spaSTa nathI. A bAbatamAM kevaLa dharmasUtro A badhI hakIkatanI upekSA thaI zake ema ke dharmazAstro upara AdhAra rAkha mane ThIka nathI nathI. tema chatAM huM ApanuM dhyAna e tarapha doravA For Personal & Private Use Only

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mAguM chuM ke upara gaNAvI teja mAtra A kALanI hakIkatA nathI, khIjI paNa che ane te paNa ATalI ja arthavAhI che. jo e samaya baMdhiyAra dazAne DhAya te emAM zakarAcArya jevA sarjaka pratibhA dharAvatA puruSa paNa kevI rIte pAkathA, jemaNe upaniSadmAnA jJAnanI ane prAcIna bhAratIya darzananI lagabhaga maulika kahevAya evI navesarathI vyavasthA karI ? pUrva bhAratamAM vajrayAna, taMtrayAnane, dakSiNa bhAratamAM zaiva ane vaiSNava dhama'mAM bhaktinA ane kAzmIramAM peAtAnA vizeSa zaivamAnA udaya kevI rIte thayA? eja rIte erissA, madhyabhArata, ceALa, cAlukaya, pUrva bhArata ane pazcima bhAratanI mahAna kalA zAkhAonA paNa ze| khulAsA ApavA sthApatyanI qhAbatamAM te| zilpa karatAM paNa UMcI kakSA e kALamAM sadhAI hatI. A badhI siddhie mahAna dhArmiCka pravRttionI preraNA ane gabhIra AdhyAtmika zraddhA vagara sadhAI hoya ema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. e mi"ka pravRttio vize ApaNane pUrA khyAla nathI. prAdezika bhASA ane sAhityanA udaya thayA e ja batAve che ke e vakhate dezamAM jabarI saja ka prakriyA kAma karatI haze. pratihArAe ane rAjapUtAe aDhIsA va^ sudhI Ara ane bIjI islAmI sattAe sAmanA karyAM ane cALAe ane dakSiNanAM khI rAjyAe 'gALanA upasAgaramAM peAtAnuM naukA viSayaka vaCsa jALavI rAkhyuM, eTaluM ja nahi paNa AkhA ane cInAo upara keTaleka a'zuM sarasAI bhogavI, e bhAratIyA e jamAnAmAM keTaluM khaLa, sAhasa ane kauzala dharAvatA hatA te batAvI Ape che. huM Apane e batAvavA mAguM chuM ke A badhAM evA jIvananAM lakSaNo che jene kAI paNa hisAme rUDhigrasta, purohitanA vaca*savALu' paDeluM ane niLa na gaNI zakAya. bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : : 15 huM.eka khIjI kalpanA ApanI gaMbhIra vicAraNA mATe rajU karavA cAhuM chuM, jenA khulAsAmAMthI ApaNane A samayanA itihAsanI keTalIka agabha vizeSatAnA khulAsAne aMge cAvI maLI raheze. e prazna hiMdI kalAnA itihAsakAroe AgaLa ANyA che. lagabhaga 8mI sadInA prArabhathI hi MdanI kalAmAM keTalAMka tattvo pahelAM te avAranavAra paNa pAchaLathI vAraMvAra dekhA devA mAMDe che. citronI ane mUrti enI sudhdhAM rekhAmAM ane vinyAsa (ka`peAsIjhana)mAM, keTalAMka apUrNAM tattvo dAkhala thatAM lAge che ane te ziSTamAnya kALanAM mUlyAMkaneA ane dhAraNAne badalAvavA mathe che. A prakriyA lAMbe samaya cAlyA kare che ane pariNAme navI daSTi ane navI kAryapaddhati pazu dAkhala thAya che. ilArAnAM citro, pazcima bhAratanAM 11mIthI 15mI sadInAM nAnAM citrA, 16-17mI sadInAM rAjasthAnI ane pahADI citronA keTalAka tabakkA, vastrAnA dhATa ane bhAtA, AjanI strIonAM seAnArUpAnAM dhareNAMnI keTalIka nakazI, baMgALa, AsAma ane hiMdanA khIjA bhAgAnA 17-19 mI sadInAM mATI kAma--e badhAM A navI draSTi ane zailInA namUnA che. saurASTra ane rAjapUtAnAnA 10-14 sadInA mUrti'vidhAnamAM pazu e jovA maLe che. raziyana ane jama*na kalAvidya ane purAtattva viSAra e asaranA mULamAM I. sa.nA prAraMbhathI uttaranI rakhaDu jAtie bhAratIya samAjamAM dAkhala thatI rahI tene jue che. zaka, kuSANu, AbhIra, dU gurjara, turkI, ane mAMgAla vagere aneka jAti dhasI AvI. rAjakIya ane lazkarI pIThabaLavALI A badhI jAtienA sadIonA varcasanI ApaNA jIvana upara asara pADyA vagara rahe ja nahi. rA e 'devaneA avatAra che e ApaNI mAnyatA upara zaka ane kuSANAnI bhAre asara paDelI che. e ja rIte ApaNA rAjavahIvaTa ane rAjyataMtra upara paNa e be jAtinA dhaNA prabhAva paDelA che. viSyanI uttaranA bhAratanA paheraveza For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 : : buddhiprakAza ane khorAka upara paNa A videzI jAtionI paNa cAlatI hatI ane tenA paDaghA uttaramAM asara thayelI che. zake ane kuSANee hiMdu paDatA hatA. mUtiomAM sUryanI navI ja ka95nA umerI che, te A uparAMta, dakSiNanAM rAjyo vahANavaTAne kAraNe AbhIree kaNanI kathAmAM gopAlakRSNane umero ArabanA saMparkamAM AvyAM hatAM. baMnene vepArane karyo che. mArA dhAravA pramANe hUNone phALe ghaNe svArtha samAna hatA. AthI ghaNI vAra dakSiNanAM moTo che. madhya bhAratanAM saMkhyAbaMdha gAmanAM nAma rAjayo uttaranAM rAjyo sAme islAmI rAjyanI temanA uparathI paDelAM che, ane e bhAgamAM eka madada letAM hatAM. jAtinuM nAma paNa dUNa che. A asaro vadhAremAM - A badhAne samagrapaNe vicAra karIe te lAge vadhAre evA bhAgomAM jovAmAM Ave che jyAM eka ke AmAMthI navuM maMthana jAgyuM hoya ane jenAM mUlya jAtio TharI ThAma thaIne vasI : rAjasthAna, guja. rUDhio ane dhoraNa navuM rUpa pAmyAM hoya e tadana rAta, madhya bhArata ane paMjAbanA himAlayanI saMbhavita che. ane A samayamAM jovAmAM AvatI taLeTInA pradeze. preraNAnuM joma ane prANazaktino khulAso keTaleka A jAtionI asara zarUAtamAM te supta aMze AmAM maLI rahe che ema mane lAge che. jo rahI, paNa "ziSTamAnya' kalA ane saMskRtinuM joma, thAka ane zramanAM cihA dekhAtA hoya te A gALAnA parimANa ane prANazakti ghaTatAM emaNe je aMtamAM kaMIka dekhAya che. pakaDayuM. A uparAMta A ja arasAmAM kAzmIra, nepAla vadhu tapAsa ane parIkSaNane aMte A khoTuM ane tibeTa jevA himAlayanI taLeTInA pradezamAM mAluma paDe, athavA AMzika rIte kharuM mAluma paDe paNa bhAratanA rAjakAraNa ane jIvanamAM praveza karyo ane choDI dIdhA jevuM lAge che tema karI ApaNe ene pariNAme paNa keTalIka sAmAjika ane koI navA arthanI zodhamAM paDavuM. sAMskRtika bAMdhachoDa karavAnI jarUra paDI. hiMdustAnamAM TheTha gaI kAla sudhI samAjamAM vaLI, sAtamI sadInA madhya sudhI te uttaranA rAjA ke rAjya kendrasthAne hatAM ja nahi. grAma leke dakSiNa upara caDAI laI jatA hatA. pachIthI paMcAyate ja pradhAna hatI. AthI ApaNe A e pravAha UlaTo thayo. dakSiNanA rAjAo uttara samayanA sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika, AdhyAtmika upara caDAI karavA lAgyA. A ja samayamAM ane rAjakIya ema badhA pAsAone abhyAsa dakSiNamAM sthApatyanI ane dharmanI bhAre pravRttio kara joIe. vibhAga 3 : [I. sa. 1ra06-1526 ] pramukhaH zrI. ena. ela. ahamada [ muMbaInI saMskRta, arabI ane phArasInuM jJAna Avazyaka che. elaphinsTana kolejanA AcArya. ] vaLI madhyakALanA satenAM jIvana ane upadezane emaNe pitAnA vyAkhyAnamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke ane lokonA rojiMdA jIvana upara te samaye ane ApaNI sarakAre pUrvanA dezonI bhASA zIkhavAnI Aje enI zI asara thaI hatI tene tathA emaNe sagavaDa UbhI karavI joIe, jethI abhyAsIo te te bhASA ane sAhityane samRddha karavAmAM keTale pazcima eziyAnA dezo upara bhAratanA vicAra ane phALo Apyo hato ane abhyAsa thavAnI jarUra saMskRtinI zI asara paDI che ene aMge saMzodhana che ema jaNAvyuM hatuM. karI zake. arabI ane phArasI bhASA bolanArA jaina bhaMDAromAM madhyakAlIna bhAratanA itihAsane deza sAthenA bhAratanA saMparkanA abhyAsa mATe lagatI kImatI sAmagrI saMgrahAyelI paDI che, jene For Personal & Private Use Only

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abhyAsa - thAya to phArasI itihAsa'thAmAM je vidhAne thayelAM che, tene sudhAravAmAM ke tenuM samarthana karavAmAM upayegI thaI paDe evuM ghaNuM vastu maLI Ave. vaLI e aneka rAsAe ane prabaMdhamAMthI vibhAga 4thA : [I. sa. 1526-1764] pramukha : DaoN. vI. jI. DIdhe megala samaya daramyAna eka khAjue rAja darabAramAM bhAre ThAThamATha ane bIjI bAjue prajAmAM kAramI garIbI sAtheAsAtha cAlatAM hatAM. mAgala taMtra A yuganA itihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrImAM aitihAsika dastAvejo ne daphatare. sahuthI vadhu mahuttvanuM sthAna dharAve che. AmAM pezvAonAM daphatarA para sAruM saMzAdhana thayuM che. evI rIte mughala e mayUrAsana jevuM bhabhakabharyuM hatuM, paNu ene khAjokhAdazAheAnA adhikArIonAM lakhANAneA talasparzI prajA sahI zake ema nahetuM. ane temane enA upara kAbu paNa nahatA. Ama enA pAyA vizALa nahotA lAka-sasthAomAM nahAtA eTale enuM astitva sadA DAmADoLa rahyuM. ane jyAre keAI rAjA marI jatA tyAre mAMhomAMhenA jhaDA ane aMdhAdhUMdhI phelAtAM. AvI sthitimAM Arthika unnati ke samAjanA judAjudA varganA vikAsa tA thAya ja kathAMthI ? abhyAsa karavAnI jarUra che. marAThA samayanAM brAM lakhANe marAThI uparAMta phArasImAM lakhelAM che. A yuganAM phArasI daphatarAno tema ja phArasI sAhityane U'De| abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave, tA e yuganA jIvananAM keTalAMka paribaLA vize dhA prakAza paDavAnA saMbhava che. khAsa karIne e kAlanA rAjyata MtranI asara teA pachInA kAla para vattAeNe UbhA karelA samAja daivanA AzA laInechA aMze Aja sudhI cAlu rahI rahI che. evI rIte e kAlanAM phArasI bhASA te sAhityanA abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave, te enI vyApaka asara vize vizeSa mAhitI maLaze. phArasI bhASA te sAhityanA kheDANamAM ahIMnA hiMdu adhikArIe te lekhakAe keTalA badhA phALA ApyA hatA enIye pratIti thaze. samAdhAna meLavatA, ane jyAre e sAmrAjyanA ata AvyA tyAre e samAja hatAza ane AdhyAtmika rIte bhUkhe maratA jevA hatA. kalA ne sthApatyanA kSetramAM mulAnA phALA nAnAsto nathI. citrakalAmAM teA phArasI asara nIce mutralakAlanI eka navI zailI dhaDAI hatI. hastalikhita pratAmAM maLatAM nAnAM nAnAM citromAM A zailInI prabaLa asara jovAmAM Ave che. A yuga daramiyAna thayelA zilpakaLAnA vikAsanI bAbatamAM khIju noMdhapAtra e che ke e kALa daramiyAna ahIM aneka meATA dukALa paDayA hatA te e dukALA daramiyAna bAMdhakAmanI pravRttine dhaNA vega maLyA hatA. yuropIya pravAsIonA ahevAlAmAM A kALanI prajAnI garIbAi nA dhaNA ullekha nIkaLe che. vaLI temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke bhArata sarakAre Ama chatAM megala samrATAe ApaNA dezane azAka pachI pahelI ja vAra zAMti ane rAjakIya ekatAnA anubhava karAvyeA. rAjakIya ekatAne lIdhe pachI vahIvaTI taMtranI ekatA, rAjabhASAnI ekatA ane calaNunI ekatA paNa AvI. bauddhika kSetramAM joIe teA phArasInA abhyAsane lIdhe islAmanA uttameAttama naitika khyAlo zikSita hiMduomAM pracalita thayA ane temanI pAsethI AkhA samAjamAM phelAyA. te samayanA jIvana vize bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : : 17 sAmAjika, sAMskArika ane rAjakIya khUba mAhitI maLavAnA saMbhava che. jUnI gujarAtI jANlRnAr abhyAsIo mATe A kAma musla nathI. hiMMdu samAja haMmezAM judAMjudAM devadevIone eka zvaranAM bhinnabhinna svarUpA tarIke jotA AvyA hatA, ane islAmanA saMparka'ne lIdhe temane A eka IzvaranA khyAla vadhAre dRDha thayA ane pariNAme jJAtisaMsthAnuM baLa theDuM ochuM thayuM, 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 : : buddhiprakAza itihAsakArAne jUnA hastalikhita graMthonI mULa prattA athavA tenI mArke philma nakala maLI rahe ema karavuM joIe, jethI teo je itihAsa lakhe te kevaLa amuka vyaktinA caritra jevA ke rAjakIya ghaTanAnA vaNuna jevA na khanI jatAM samAja ane vicAranA vikAsanI vaidhi rUpa banI zake. ApaNA dezanI nezanala mArkAIvyuM ane eTalAM mULa daphatarA, vahIvaTI cApaDA, patra, pustakA vagere bhegAM karavAM joIe ane itihAsakArAne upalabhya rAkhavAM joIe. AvI sAmagrInA abhAve A saikAmAM itihAsalekhana rUMdhAI jevuM vibhAga 5 mA : arvAcIna pramukha : esa. ena. dAsagupta [ lakhanau yunivarsiTImAM itihAsanA adhyApaka, emanA khAsa viSaya AMtararASTrIya itihAsa che ne chellAM gheADAM varSAthI te agni eziyAne lagatA viSayamAM sa'zAdhana karI rahyA che.] itihAsa e prajAnA bhUtakALa mATenA gauravanA AvirbhAva che. chatAM tihAsaneA abhyAsa mAtra prAcInatAnA abhyAsa na hovA ghaTe. enuM kharuM dhyeya tA banAvAnAM vaLAMka ne vaheNAne vizALa te tAttvika daSTie samajavAnI zakti vikasAvavAnuM hAvuM joI e. AjanA dareka ciMtaka nara ne nArIne sahuthI mUMjhavatA prazna e che ke ApaNe ApaNI mAtRbhUmi tarapha uttama sneha dharAvIne vizvanA nAgarika thavAmAM keTalA saphaLa thaI zakIe. AMtararASTrIya samajUtI mATe itihAsanuM zikSaNu ghaNuM upayAgI che, kemake prajAe vacce zubhecchAnI abhivRddhi embIjAnI saMskRti ne itihAsa samajavAthI jhaTa karI zakAya che. vizvanA judAjudA kheMDAne samajavAnA prazna paratve AMtararASTrIya itihAsanA abhyAsI sahuthI vadhu sajja hoya che, kemake e sa'skRtinI samIkSA samagratAnI dRSTie karI zake che te cAlu banAvAnA vaheNune aitihAsika jJAnanI nakkara bhUmikA vaDe cA samajI zake che. gayuM che. sAmAnya mANasane tA mAnava sasthAe mAnyatAo, TevA ane pUrvagraheA kevI rIte udbha e jANavAnA rasa hoya che, ane A mATe vividha mAhitI upalabhya hoya e khUba jarUranuM che. ApaNAM ghaNAM kharAM rAjyA pAtAnAM daphatara kevaLa kArakunI dRSTie rAkhe che. eTale pazuAM kImatI kAgaLiyAM najara bahAra ja rahI jAya che, ane ghaNI vAra teA rAjarAjanA vahIvaTa aMge have enI jarUra nathI ema mAnIne kADhI nAkhavAmAM Ave che. eka mAtra muMbaI rAjyamAM pahelAMnAM dezI rAjyona daphatara barAbara sacavAyAM che. bhArata [ I. sa. 1965 thI] briTiza leAkA ahIM AvyA tyAre bhAratamAM prajAkIya rAyasa'gaThana jevuM kaMI nahetuM. saMyeAgavazAt bhArata yure|pIya rAjakAraNamAM dhasaDAyuM ne bhAratanI nIti yuropanI paristhitinI jarUriyAta mujaba nakkI thavA te baDAvA lAgI. uSNakaTibaMdhanA deza sAthenA vepAre te e vepAra mATenA vigraha e greTabriTananI prajAnA jIvana para mahattvanA pratyAdhAta pADayA. sUtara udyoge leMkezAyarane palaTAvI dIdhuM. A dezAmAMthI AyAta thatA kAcA padmAe IMgleMDanA udyogAne vikasAvavAmAM dhaNA mATA phALA ApyA. 1840nA arasAmAM bhArata briTananA Arthika taMtranuM kendra banI gayuM hatuM. briTiza itihAsanuM A eka mahattvanuM prakaraNa che. paraMtu briTiza sarakAra kadI dezanI khatI nahi, hamezAM jANI jhIne videzI ja rahI. munnala sattA briTiza sattA vacce A pharaka che. mudhalA ahIM AvI ahIMnA banyA hatA, tethI emanA itihAsa e bhAratIya itihAsane bhAga che, jayAre briTiza yugane apAyeluM mahattva e mAtra briTiza pracArakAryanA avazeSarUpa che. IMgleMDanI IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIe bhAratamAM meLavelI sAva bhauma sattAne arvAcIna itihAsakAra AzcaryakAraka lekhatA nathI. kaMpanInI sthApanA vepArI akAraNanA pravata mAna siddhAMta anusAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya ItihAsa pariSada : : 19 thaI hatI ne zAsakoe pitAnI sattA TakAvavAne baMgALanA judAjudA jillAonAM aNusparyA ene jarUrI dhArA ghaDayA hatA. 1763nA arasAmAM daphatarAnA kArAgAramAM daTAI rahI che. yuropanI dariyAI sattAoe bhAratamAM IMglaMDanI baMgALamAM briTiza rAjasattAne vikAsa kAI harIphAI karavI cheDI dIdhI. 6oe mAtRbhUmi amaka samaye ekAeka thayo nahe. e dhIrI kramika sAthenA saMbaMdha surakSita rAkhavAnI jarUra pichAnI prakriyA hatI ne e moTe bhAge yuropanI rAjakIya nahi, jayAre igleMDanI kaMpanInA hita sAthe tyAnI ghaTanAo pramANe ghaDAtI hatI. je bhAratanA prajAnA vizALa samudAyanuM hita saMkaLAyeluM hatuM. itihAsane eka samagra ekama gaNIne enA varta. - IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInA kAmakAjamAM pArlAme- mAnane bhUtakALamAMthI atihAsika rIte phalita thayela nTane vacce pADavAnI agatya 176nA arasAmAM mAnavo hoya, te enA A "yuga'ne ekabIjAthI UbhI thaI hatI. alaga pADavA na joIe. dAkhalA tarIke, kaMpanInI 177rathI bhAratanA banAvo pArlAmenTanAM baMne jamIna mahesUlanI nIti muvala paddhatinA pAyAmAM grahonI satata vicAraNAmAM rahetA. 1784nI rahelA siddhAnta jANyA vinA kevI rIte samajAya cUMTaNI thatAM piTTanA bile itihAsanA cAlu bhArate bhUtakAla sAthe saMparka kyAreya gumAvyA yugano aMta ANyo. nahato. yuropIya pratispardhAe ilaMDane bhAratanA pradeza briTiza bhAratIya itihAsanA saMzodhananI sAmagrI jItavAnI ne khAlasA karavAnI pharaja pADI. 1823 aDhaLaka ne akhUTa che. jAhera, khAnagI ne sthAnika mAM samasta bhArata sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte briTiza sAdhanasAmagrIne jALavavAne sarvottama mArga ene kAbU nIce AvI gayuM hatuM. 1813nA dhArAthI chApI devAno che. A bAbatamAM rAye vadhu Arthika kaMpanIne ijAre nAbuda thatAM leMkezAyaranA sutarAu madada karIne itihAsakAronI mahenatane Teke Apa mAlanA vikAsane mArga mokaLo banyo ne bhAratanA joIe. hAthavaNATanA udyogane nAza notarAye. igleMDanA audyogika mUDIvAdane vijaya pUro thaye. kaMpanInuM iMglaMDane je saMjogoe rAtA samudrane suejhanA kAmakAja 186mAM briTiza sarakAre potAnA mAge bhAratane raste khelIne arabI samudra ne hAthamAM laI lIdhuM. pUrvanA samudramAM pitAnI lAgavaga jamAvavAnA bhAratamAM briTiza rAjyanA itihAsane punaH . mahattvanuM bhAna karAvyuM te saMjogone jhINavaTathI saMskaraNa karavuM hoya, te briTiza sattAnA udaya, abhyAsa karavA jevo che. bhAratamAM sthapAyelI vikAsa ne saMgaThananI sAthe bhAratamAM upasthita briTiza rAjasattAnAM kharAM bIja emAM jaDI Avaze. thayelA vividha ne aTapaTA praznone chuTa karavA e daphatarI saMzodhananAM bhayasthAnothI ApaNe hamezAM ApaNI pharaja che. sAvadha rahevAnuM che. upalabdha thatI sAmagrInA - 1765 daramiyAna uttara bhAratanI sattAo khajAnAmAMthI satya tAravavAnI muzkelI hamezAM ghaNI briTiza sattAne vaza thaI cUkI hatI ne kalAlate meTI rahevAnI. baMgALamAM "chUpI" sarakAra racavA ravAnA karavAmAM bhAratIya itihAsanA abhyAsamAM sthira rIte bhAvyA hatA. mughala zahenazAha ne baMgALane navAba vadhate jato rasa e AjanuM eka ghaNuM AzAbharyuM A cAlabAjImAM sapaDAyA, paNa sarahada paranA cihna che. mArA sahakAryakaroe saMzodhanane lagatAM ardhasvataMtra saradArane vaza karatAM aMgrejone keTaloka aneka prakAzana bahAra pADyAM che. paraMtu itihAsanA vakhata lAgyo hato. A samayanI hakIkato haja abhyAsamAM pahelethI saMzodhananI paddhati khAvI For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 :: buddhiprakAza joIe. AnarsanA vidyAthIomAM upAdhi prApta ApaNA sarva prayatna nirarthaka che. karatA pahelAM kAcI sAdhanasAmagrI-tapAsI enuM ati- sukhazAMti khAtara bhArate svataMtrAno bhoga hAsika pRthakkaraNa karavAnI dRSTi khIlavavI joIe. Apyo hato, paraMtu anubhave jaNAyuM ke prabaLa haja ghaNuM ghaNuM karavAnuM rahe che. ItihAsakAranuM saMgaThita sarakAra salAmatI apAvI zake. ItikAya jIvananI hIlacAla darzAvavAnuM che. eNe pote hAsanA bodhapAThane ApaNo sAmudAyika anubhava je jamAnAnI vAta karatA hoya te jamAnAnuM ApaNe UgatI peDhIne ApIe. bhAratamAMnA briTivAtAvaraNa khaDuM karavAnuM che. ItihAsanuM kSetra mAnava zanI sarvagrAhI tasavIrane samagrapaNe khyAlamAM jAtinA pitAnA kSetra jeTaluM vizALa che. samAjanI laIe. jamAnAne bhAva e koI vyaktinA bhAva sapATInI aMdara UMDA UtarIne janatAnuM citra khaDuM karatAM vadhu prabaLa ne vadhu zAzvata hoya che. na karIe, te itihAsanA saMzodhana ne anveSaNanA vibhAga 6 H gujarAtano itihAsa pramukha che. kezavalAla hiM. kAmadAra (viThThala- karelo. A bacAvathI gUjarAta, mALavA, ane bhAI paTela keleja, vallabhavidyAnagara) mahArASTra, e pradeze muslimonA hAthamAM jatA vIsamI sadInA ApaNA dezanI ItihAsanI nava ghaNAM varSo sudhI bacI gayA. bharUcane eka nAgara ghaTanA karavAmAM gujarAte amUlya sevA karI che. brAhmaNe mahArASTramAM gayo hato, tyAM teNe mahAnubhAva gAMdhIjIe ApaNane svarAjya ane sarvodaya, e be saMpradAya sthApyA. e saMpradAya kAbula sudhI gayo maMtra ApyA, jyAre saradAra ApaNane akhaMDa hatA. bhAratane maMtra ApI gayA. gujarAte te pahelA paNa I. sa. 1941mAM aMdherI mukAme gujarAtI bhAratanA ItihAsamAM sArI nAmanA meLavI hatI. sAhitya pariSada thaI tyAre meM gujarAtanA tamAma laMkA, jAvA, vagere dezAvara mukAme ghaNA prAcIna ItihAsane sAta graMthomAM lakhavA mATe eka yojanA samayathI gujarAtanA rAjavaMzIo ane gujarAtanA pariSada samakSa mUkI hatI. gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLa vepArIo vasavA gayA hatA. saurASTranA rAjavaMzoe te yAjanAne dhoraNasara apanAvI lIdhI hatI. te mahArASTramAM, karNATakamAM ane tAmilanADamAM gAdIo yojanA haju ema ne ema rahI che. mAtra zrI sthApI che. giranAra, prabhAsapATaNa, somanAtha, kanaiyAlAla munazIe prAcIna gujarAtane ItipAlItANuM, e tIrtho prAcIna samayathI AkhA hAsane anulakSIne be pustake saMpAdita karyA che; te bhAratamAM jANItA che. valabhI rAjavaMzIoe tAmila- sAhitya paNa adhUruM che. nADamAM saurASTranI paraMparA jALavI rAkhelI hatI ApaNA lekhake ItihAsa lakhatI veLA vaidika e karNATaka tAmilanADa vagere pradezomAM maLI AvatA samayathI zarU karatA; te have pharI gayuM che. zrI kanalekho uparathI ApaNane khabara paDe che. eka valabhI- yAlAla munazIe upara sUcita karAyelA granthanA rAja kanAjanI gAdIe Avele. bahAdurazAha prathama vibhAgamAM gujarAtane sumera sAthe sAMkaLI sulatAnane Isa. 1526mAM dilhInI saltanata dIdhuM chepaNa te mAtra anumAna che, temAM aitiupara AvavA nimaMtraNa maLeluM. gUrjara valabhI hAsika tathya nathI. te ja mALAnA trIjA pustakamAM ane cAlukya rAjavaMze Araba sAme ghaNu varSe zrI munazIe je vidhAne pratipAdita karyA che, sudhI laDelA. selaMkI rAjAoe ghaNAM varSo sudhI temane nirAsa durgAzaMkara zAstrIe karyo che. e gujarAtane araba sAme ane turko sAme bacAva trIjA prasthamAM temaNe atizayoktibharelI vAto karI For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya ItihAsa pariSada : : 21 che, khAsa karIne temaNe gujarAtanA solaMkI samayanA sulatAna sAhityasaMgIta jyotiSa vagerene zokhIna jaina AgevAnone gUjarAtanA viSama anubhavo mATe hato. tenA amala daramiyAna ane pachI hinduo javAbadAra gayA che, paNa te aitihAsika purAvAothI uparane trAsa nAbUda thaI gayA hoya ema jaNAya che. viraha che. hamaNAM ja bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe vastu- pAlItANAnA AdinAthanA maMdirane uddhAra bahAdurapALa ane tenA ziSyamaMDaLa viSe uttama grantha prasiddha zAhanA vakhatamAM thayo tyAre je prazasti lakhAI che karyo che. temAM temaNe puravAra karyuM che ke te sama- te uparathI lekene devadarzana karatAM keTale trAsa yanA jaina ane brAhmaNo vacce ApaNe dhArIe paDatuM haze te jaNAI Ave che. prazastikAra lakhe chIe evuM kaI vaimanasya nahotuM. muslimone hAthe che ke devadarzana karanAra yAtrALune eka zata mehamUdI gujarAtane parAjaya thayo te mATenI javAbadArI bharavI paDatI, ane eka kSaNanuM darzana thaI gayuM jenonA zira upara nAkhI zakAya nahi. ApaNuM eTale tene cAlyA javuM paDatuM; je devanuM darzana abhyAsIo je saMpAdananuM kAma karI rahyA che karavAmAM AvatuM te deva-AdinAthanI pratimA nIcenA temaNe potAnA kAryavAha mATe pUrogAmI saMpAdaka, bhAgamAM te khaMDita thayelI ja hatI. gujarAtanA jemake Denisana rasa, le, bivarija, mlecamena sulatAnee navA baMdaro bAMdhyAM, kAThIno sAra baMdavagereno Adarza rAkhavuM joIe, sAlavArI, sthaLo, basta karyo ane phiraMgIone vasatA thoDAM varSo vyaktio. zabdo vagerenI mAhitI cokasAIthI mATe te aTakAvyA. teo turkI vagere muslima rAjyo ApavI joIe. sAthe saMparka dharAvatA hatA. salatanatanA ItihAsanuM sahatanatanA ItihAsane hamaNAM prasiddha thayela lekhana navIna saMskaraNa mAge che. tenA vahIvaTa che. kamizeriaTa grantha uttama kaTine kahI zakAya; daramiyAna gUjarAtane asalI saMskAra nirAbAdha cAlyo Avato hato. sulatAnee phArasI arabI paNa temAM saMskRta prAkRta sAdhanono upayoga kara lekhakane uttejana ApyuM hatuM paNa gujarAtanA vAmAM Avyo nathI. uparAMta gUjarAtane A samayane ItihAsa lakhatI veLA lekhake rAjasthAna, mALavA, saMskAritvane temaNe uttejana ApyAna khAsa purA mahArASTra, sindha, saurASTra, dilhI vagere rAjyanA maLatA nathI. gujarAtanA sulatAna trIjA mehamUdanA itihAsa sAthe potAnI vastune barobara ghaTAvavI vakhatamAM AsaphakhAM nAmanA vajhIre auraMgajhebI joIe. A kAma hajI karavAnuM rahe che. gujarAtamAM pharamAne kADhavyAM hatAM. jethI hinduo ane rajapUto ghaNA kAyara thaI gayA hatA. A sulatAno gUjadilhInA sulatAnane amala I. sa. 1290thI I.sa. 1407 sudhI rahyo, jo ke te salatanatanI sAme IDara, rAta mATe kudaratI sarahada TharAvI zakyA hatA. temanAM lazkaramAM paradezI sipAhIonI moTI saMkhyA hatI; nadioda, haLavada, junAgaDha, pAvAgaDha vagerenA rajapUta ane arabI lekhakanA lakhavA pramANe to mahArAjAo haMmezAM thatA AvatA hatA. mehamUda begaDAe pAvAgaDhane ane junAgaDhane sara karyA, sula rASTranA mahAra lekone paNa temanAM lazkaramAM levAmAM AvyA hatA. tAe vAMTAnuM dhoraNa dAkhala karyuM hatuM te gUjarAtanA asalI dhoraNanuM anukaraNa heya ema gujarAtamAM mogalAInI sthApanA thaI tyAre jaNAya che. janAgaDhanA rA'ne ane IDaranA rAvane gujarAtane navI iMpha AvI. akabare hinduo virurAjasthAnanI madada hatI. sulatAnane amala hinduo dvanA tamAma verAo rada karyA. maMdirano uddhAra thayo, mATe ghaNe kaDaka hate. keTalAka jaina lakSAdhIzonI navI maMdiranI sthApanA thaIakabaranA ane madadathI jena leke pitAnAM janAM maMdirono uddhAra jahAMgIranA darabAramAM jaina sAdhuo moTI vaga karAvI zakayA hatA A sulatAne paikI sujhapharazAha dharAvatA hatA. e be pAdazAhaoe vaiSNane For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 :: buddhiprakAza mahArAjone dAna ApelAM, ene lagatuM sAhitya have upayoga karelo. vAgheronA be uparanuM temanuM lakhANa prasiddha thayuM che. zAMtidAsa zeTha amadAvAdanA nagara- vAMcavA yogya che. zeThanA pada upara sthApita thayA. A kAraNathI raNachoDajI dIvAna muMbaInA gavarnara lorDa elagujarAtanI prajAmAM mogalAI mATe bhaktibhAva utpanna phinsTanane I. sa. 1822 mAM baMdara ghadhA mukAme thayo. e bhaktibhAva auraMgajhebanA amala sudhI maLelA. te vakhate gavarnare saurASTravAsIone abhaya Takayo. auraMgajhebane vicAra jAmanagara, haLavada, vacana ApyuM. AkhA hindustAna mATe briTiza iDara vagere rahyAMsahyA rajapUta rAjyone nAbUda sarakAranI A nIti hatI. rAjAo, dIvAne, karavAne hate. adhikArIo, vepArIo vagere sahakAra ApatA mirAta-e-sikandarInuM sAdhana adhUruM che. thayA. I. sa. 1857nA baMDathI A dharaNumAM kaMI mirAte-ahamadI mogalAInA samaya mATe pramANabhUta khAsa pheraphAra thayo nahi. eka bAbata ahIM tevI gaNAya che. paNa te grantha have pUrata kahI zakAya joIe. e baLavAmAM gujarAtanA keTalAka vepArInahi. marAThI riyAsata viSe ApaNe have vadhAre e ane pUrve gujarAtamAM vasatA bhIla tathA nAIsAdhane meLavI zakIe chIe. yuropiyanonAM daphataro kaDA lekee tAtiyA Topene madada karI hatI. A te mATe haju aNakheDyAM rahyAM che. marAThI yuga ane baMDakhera ane briTiza phoja vacce choTAudepura gAmanI briTiza yuga mATenA sAdhano have vipula banyAM che. bajAranI jagyAe laDAI thaI ' bajAranI jagyAe laDAI thaI hatI, temAM tAtiyA ApaNe temano upayoga karavo joIe. Topene parAjaya thayo hato. vepArI baMDakhoronI mogalAIne teDI gujarAta saurASTramAM marA AgevAnI nyAlacaMda jhaverI nAmanA mANase lIdhI hatI. teo pakaDAI jatAM briTiza sarakAre temane ThAoe potAnI sattA jamAvI. prathama te marAThI dehAMtadaMDa Apyo hato. aMgreja amaladAre lakhI sattA luTAru hatI; paNa dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanA gayA che ke A lekae e dehAMtadaMDanI sajA hasate samayathI te sattA saMskArI rUpa dhAratI gaI gAyakavADe e maMdirone uddhAra karAvyA, vala dalapatarAma DAhyAbhAIe briTiza amalana gIta sADa, navasArI, velaNa, bIlImorA jevAM baMdarano gAyAM, te namade vIrasiMhanuM kAvya lakhI gUjarAtI vikAsa karyo, khetI ane vepAra sArAM thAya te mATe prajAne janmasiddha hakka-svataMtratA meLavavAnI hAkala ThI sthApI, gharaghaththu kArIgarIne utejana ApyuM, karI vIrasiMha kAvyamAM jamasiha hakka zabdAne nAtajAtanAM taDAM sAme niyamo karyA, svAmInArAyaNa narmade I. sa. 1862-67 mAM upayoga karyo che. te vagere saMpradAyone Azraya Ape, vyAsAsano svataMtratAnI pravRttine prathama kavi ane lekhaka hatA. calAvyAM, ane pitAnA rAjyanI AbAdI vadhAravA mahArASTramAM phaDakenAM tophAno thayAM tethI tene AghAta prayatno karyA. A vRttAMta ApaNe gAyakavADI data thayA, ane teNe pitAnI bAjI saMkelI lIdhI. romAMthI meLavI zakIe chIe. narmada I. sa. 1886mAM gujarI gayA. tyAra pachI ogaNIsamI sadImAM soraThane phArasI ItihAsa 11 varSe govardhanarAme gUjarAtane "sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM lakhanAra raNuchoDajI dIvAna thaI gayA. temanuM lakhANa navuM rAjakAraNa zIkhavyuM. e ja samaye gAMdhIjIe keTaleka aMze sAro vRttAMta pUro pADe che. saurATrane svarAjya satyAgraha ane sarvodaya e viSaya upara ane gujarAtane gujarAtI bhASAmAM zAstrIya rIte gujarAtI bhASAmAM navIna uhApoha ApaNI samakSa itihAsa lakhanAra bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma chatrapati raju karyo.. nAgaDhanA brahmakSatriya hatA; temaNe bhAudAjI, bhagaH gujarAta mATe koI ne ItihAsa hoI zake vAnalAla IndrajI vageree karelAM saMzodhanane sAre nahi. gujarAtane itihAsa hindanA ItihAsanuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya ItihAsa pariSada : : 23 pratIka ja hoI zake. bhAratane saMskAra e ja abhyAsane zAstrIya banAva hoya to ApaNe gujarAtane saMskAra hoI zake. bhAratanI koI paNa rAjyazAstra ane samAjazAstra, emane Trake paNa prajA mAtra potAnI kAryavAhIthI malakAI jAya nahi. zAstrIya abhyAsa karavo joIe. prAdezika ItihAsanA abhyAsathI ApaNe mithyA- gujarAtanA ItihAsanA saMgIna abhyAsa mATe abhimAnI thaI zakIe nahi. ApaNe AvI samagra buddhi rAkhavI joIe. zrImada sAlavArI, purAtattva vagere ItihAsanA abhyAsanA bhAgavatanI eka kaDI TAMkI A saMkSipta sAra ApaNe sAdhane che, tethI pUre ItihAsa samajAya nahi. pUro karIe. svataMtratA hoya tyAM ja itihAsa pariName che. mAnavI je ahIM lakSmIne zAzvata vAsa che to ahIM pitAno pUrvavRttAMta bhUlI zake nahi. itihAsanA bhAratI vidyAne paNa zAzvata vAsa rahevo joIe. pradarzana A prasaMga para gujarAtanA itihAsa ne purA- kudaratI rIte laya pAmatI gaI ne enI jagyAe tatvane lagatuM eka nAnuM chata rasika pradarzana judI raheNIkaraNI dharAvatA navA mAnavasamUha yojavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A pradarzanamAM gujarAta- AvI vasavATa karyo. pariNAme nIcalA tharomAM saurASTranI aneka saMzodhana-saMsthAone sahakAra nIkaLatAM mATInA vAsaNonA avazeSa haDappA saMskRsAdhavAmAM Avyo hato, pradarzanamAM sAbaramatI, mahI tinAM nagaronAM mATInAM vAsaNonA prakAranA jaNya ne narmadA nadInI khINamAMthI maLI AvelAM prAcIna che, jyAre upalA tharomAM maLI AvatAM mATInAM pASANa yuganA sUma pASANu ojArenA tema ja vAsaNanA namUnA haDappA saMskRtinAM vAsaNo karatAM madhya pASANa yuganAM sUkSma pASANu ejAra judI jAtanAM ne enA pachInA samayanAM mAluma paDe (microliths) nA vividha namUnA raju karavAmAM che. A rIte A sthaLe be judI judI saMskRtinA AvyA hatA. saurASTramAM raMgapura pAse hAtha lAgelI vasavATa maLI Ave che ne AthI enA khaMDeromAM tAmra-kAMsya yuganI purAtana saMskRtinA avazeSone pUrvakAlIna saMskRtinA avazeSa haDappA saMskRtinA vibhAga e A pradarzanane eka viziSTa vibhAga samayanA ane uttarakAlIna saMskRtinA avazeSa e hato. raMgapura pAse maLI AvatA mATIkAmanA pachInA samayanA hoI A khaMDeronA avazeSonA avazeSa hApA-mohe je darAmAM maLelI hApA samayanirNaya vizenA baMne mata sAcA Thare che ne e saMskRtinA gaNAya e chellAM keTalAye varSothI vivAda- baMne vacce pUrvakAlIna-uttarakAlIna saMbaMdha paNa grasta hatuM. sAMkaLI zakAya che. A saMzodhananA saMcAlaka zrI. raMgapura esa. Ara. rAve raMgapuranA khodakAma vize lenTane zo sAthe je vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM temAM emaNe A purAtattva khAtAnA pazcima vala taraphathI tAjetaramAM thayelA khedakAma parathI e saMzodhananA muddA vigatavAra spaSTa karyA hatA. vaLI e vyAsaMcAlakone have evuM mAlUma paDayuM che ke A sthAna khyAnamAM emaNe raju karelI be navI bAbata khAsa ghaNuM purAtana che. tyAM prathama vasavATa pASANa yuganA nedhapAtra che. eka te e ke haDappA saMskRtinA je mAnae kareluM. e pachI A sthAne thoDA vakhata thara paMjAbamAM haDapA pAse ne siMdhamAM mohe ja daromAM verAna rahyuM, pachI tyAM haDappA saMskRti dharAvatA maLI AvyA che, temAM e saMskRtine ekAeka katrima vinAza thayo jaNAya che, jayAre raMgapura pAsenA mAnavasamUhe vasavATa karyo. tyAM emanI vastI ghaNo lAMbe vakhata TakI. samaya jatAM e saMskRti dhIme dhIme 5 khaMDeromAM saMskRti kramazaH kudaratI rIte laya pAmI For Personal & Private Use Only

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24:: buddhiprakAza hevAnI nizAnIo maLe che. bIju e ke saurASTranA jovAlAyaka hatA. aitihAsika kAlanI saMskRtionA jadA judA vibhAgomAM thayelA anveSaNa ne prAyogika A avazeSomAM judA judA samayanI mATInAM vAsaNonA. ukhanana parathI evuM mAluma paDe che ke raMgapura e judAjudA prakAra e dRSTie khAsa lakSamAM levA. haDappA saMskRtinuM saurASTramAM AveluM eka ekalavAyuM jevA hatA. emAM khAsa karIne takSazilAnA mauryakendra nathI, paraMtu e saMskRti vastutaH samasta kAlIna tharomAM maLe che tevAM uttaranAM pAliSTha aurASTramAM prasarI hatI te hAlAramAM enAM eTalAM vAsaNanA prAcIna prakArano samAveza thato hato. sthAna maLI Ave che ke saMskRti A pradezamAM A kAlanA pradarzita avazeSomAM mATInAM vAsaNa pazcima samudranA mA pravezI hoya evuM mAnavAnuM uparAMta vividha maNukAo, mudrAo, sikkAo, mana thAya. ojAro vagere bIjA aneka prakAranA avazeSa paNa ameTA ne vaDanagara rajU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. etihAsika kAlanAM nagaranA avazeSomAM akoTA sikkAo ne vaDanagara pAse tAjetaramAM thayelA khedakAmamAM maLI gujarAta vidyAsabhA tema ja saurASTra sarakAranA AvelA prAcIna avazeSonA namUnA e pradarzanane purAtatva khAtA taraphathI gujarAtanA sikkAonA eka bIje viziSTa vibhAga gaNAya. hAlanuM vaDodarA namUnA pradarzita karavAmAM AvyA hatA. jUnAmAM agAu aMkADhaka nAme nagaranuM paDyuM hatuM e hakIkata junA sikkA prAkR-kSatrapAlanA mAta (punchlATanA rAphaTa rAjA suvarNamaya karkarAjanA zaka marked) sikkA che, jenA para sikkA pADanAra saMvata 734 (I. sa. 812)ne dAnAsana parathI saMsthAnA amuka cihna lagAvelAM hoya che. AvA ItihAsakAronI jANamAM hatI. paraMtu vaDodarAnI sikkAone ullekha mahAbhAratamAM Ave che. A pazcime AvelA e nagaranA hAla akeTA nAme cihnone artha samajavAne ghaNI koziSa karavAmAM oLakhAtA avazeSa tarapha vaDodarAnI ma. sa. yuni- AvI che, paraMtu hajI ene saMpUrNa ukela hAtha varsiTInA purAtatva khAtAe vizeSa dhyAna ApI lAgyo nathI. e pachInA sikkAo yavana zAsana tyAM khodakAma karAvIne enA prAcIna tharane prakAzamAM kAlanA che. sikaMdara karatAM AgekUca karIne pUrva ANyA tyAre emAMthI cheka kSetrapAlanA AraMbha madhya tema ja pazcima bhArata para yavanenI sattA sudhInA prAcIna samayanA avazeSa maLI AvyA. jamAvavAmAM bAlIka dezanA yavana rAjA dimitrane emAM khAsa karIne IsunI AraMbhika sadIo minandara (milinda) ne apaladatanI moTI madada maLI daramiyAna cAlato romana sAmrAjya sAthe saMparka hatI. dimitranA mRtyu pachI A senAnIo e darzAvatI e saMskRtinI spaSTa asaravALA je be pradeza para rAjaya karatA hatA ne AthI emanA traNa avazeSa pradarzita karavAmAM AvyA hatA e sikkA gujarAtamAMya ghaNuM lAMbA vakhata lagI khAsa dhyAna kheMce evA hatA. evI rIte e khAtAe cAlatA hatA. minandaranA sikkA gujarAtamAM saMkhyAbaMdha hAlanA vaDanagaranA zarmiSThA taLAva pAse karelA maLI Ave che. emAM eka bAjue rAjAnuM mukha thoDA khodakAmamAM tyAMnA prAcIna Anartapura- ne enI AsapAsa grIka lipimAM rAjAnAM nAma ne AnaMdapuranA kSetrapAlathI mAMDIne solaMkIkAla tema ja biradane grIka lekha ketaravAmAM Ave ne bIjI. IslAmakAla sudhInA je judAjudA thara maLI AvyA bAja grIka devatAnI AkRti ne enI AsapAsa tenA avazeSonA namUnA paNa A pradarzanamAM raju kharoSThI lipimAM e arthonuM prAkRta lakhANa karavAmAM AvyA hatA. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM TiMbaravA kotaravAmAM AvatuM. pachInA kALanA kSatrapa rAjAonA mukAme maLelA purAtana avazeSonA namUnA paNa sikkA gujarAta-saurASTramAM ghaNuM meTI saMkhyAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya itihAsa pariSada : : 25 maLI Ave che. e sikkA moTe bhAge yavana sikkA- tAmrazAsana enA jevA ja hoya che, paraMtu enI pAchalI bAju tAmrapatra para kotarelAM dAnazAsananA keTalAka para parvata nadI sUrya tArA vagere zAzvata tanuM : namUnA raju karavAmAM AvyA hatA temAM maitraka ne eka saMyojita pratIka hoya che ne enI AsapAsa sendhava vaMzanAM tAmrazAsana vadhu prAcIna hatAM. solakI brAhmI lipimAM rAjAnAM ne enA pitAnAM nAma- kAlanAM traNeya tAmrazAsana navAM maLelAM che. pALiyAdabirudone prAkRta lekha hoya che tema ja AgalI bAjU mAMthI tAjetaramAM maLelA tAmrazAsanamAM mahArAjApara sikkA pADavAnI sAlanA AMkaDA hoya che. A dhirAja bhImadeva 1lAe vi. saM. 111ramAM ApelA parathI kSatrapa rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI tema ja emanA bhUmidAnanI nedha che, lADolamAMthI maLelA eka zAsanakAlanA AMkaDA baMdha besADavAnI ghaNI sAmagrI tAmrazAsanamAM 5. ma. 5. karNadeve vi. saM. 1140mAM maLI che. gupta samrATonA zAsana daramiyAna A karelA bhUmidAnanI nadhi che ne e ja sthaLethI maLelA pradeza mATe cAMdInA sikkAonA A prakAra cAlu bIjA tAmrazAsanamAM 5. ma. 5. jayasiMhadeve vi. saM. rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. gujarAta-saurASTramAM have 1156mAM karelA bhUmidAnanI nadhi che. A traNeya kumAragupta ne skandagupta uparAMta caMdragupta vikramA- dAnazAsanamAM jaNAvelAM dAna jaina derAsarone ApelAM dityanAthe sikkAo maLI AvyA che e khAsa che e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. AmAMnAM lADalavALAM be noMdhapAtra che. maitrakakAlanA sikkAonI sAmagrI haju dAnazAsana agAu "buddhiprakAza'mAM prasiddha thayAM che; ghaNI aspaSTa che. solaMkIkAlanI bIjI ghaNI prALiyAdavALuM dAnazAsana saurASTranA purAtatva khAtA sAdhanasAmagrI upalabdha hovA chatAM e kAlanA taraphathI jaladI prasiddha thAya evI AzA rAkhIe. sikkAo maLatA nathI. paraMtu vallabha vidyAnagarane evI rIte tAjetaramAM zrI amRta paMDayAne kacchamAMthI zromajayasiMhanuM nAma katarelA gajalakanavALA bhImadeva 1lAna eka dAnazAsana maLyuM che, e paNa cAMdInA nAnA sikkA hAtha lAgyA che tenA mATe vigate prasiddha thAya e ISTa che. keTogrApha ahIM rajU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. gujarAtanA hastalikhita patro ne khatapatra sulatAnanA samayanA tema ja mughala bAdazAhanA samayanA judIjudI jAtanA sikkAo paNa pradarzita - gujarAta vidyAsabhA taraphathI sacitra hastalikhita thayA hatA. hAlAra ne kacchanA arvAcIna kAlanA pratAnA tema ja khatapatronA thoDAka namUnA raju sikkAonA namUnA sukAyA hatA. karavAmAM AvyA hatA. gujarAtamAM A prakAranI ripo sAdhanasAmagrI vipula pramANamAM upalabdha che ne gaI chUTAchavAyA maLelA purAtana avazeSamAM sikkAo sAla akhila bhAratIya prAya vidyApariSadanA uparAMta zilpa, tAmrazAsana, hastalikhita prato ne adhivezana prasaMge enuM moTuM viziSTa pradarzana khatapatro vigate jovA jevAM hatAM. rAjakoTanA bharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ethI enI vigatemAM UtaravAnI voTasana myujhiyama taraphathI AvelI dazAvatAranI have jarUra nathI. pUrNa varAha svarUpanI pratimA e avatArane lagatAM phoTogrAze zimAM virala gaNAya che. carotaramAMthI, uttara pazcima vasula taraphathI tema ja saurASTra purAtatva gujarAtamAMthI tema ja saurASTramAMthI maLelAM anya khAtA taraphathI gujarAta saurASTranAM prAcIna smAraka, zilpAnA keTalAka namUnA paNa zilpakalAnI utama jevAM ke gopanuM maMdira, moDherAnuM sUryamaMdira, pATaNanuM kationA sUcaka hatA. munizrI puNyavijayajI tema ja sahastraliMga taLAva, kapaDavaMjanuM tAraNuM, ghumalInAM yazovijayajI taraphathI maLelA jaina zilpanA nasanA maMdire, somanAtha pATaNanAM zi95 ityAdi prasiddha paNa darzanIya hatA. zi95kRtionA moTA suMdara phoTogrApha raju karavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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26: : buddhiprakAza AvyA hatA ne e pradarzananI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi khAsa noMdhapAtra che. emAMnA ekama solaMkI rAjyanA karatA hatA. rAjyataMtrIya vibhAgone lagate khyAla ApavAmAM Alekha-nakazAo Avyo hato ne bIjAmAM gujarAtanAM prAcIna kAlanA A uparAMta gujarAtanAM prAcIna sthAnanA meda- sthaLanAmonAM anta padenA sthaLavistArano abhyAsa kAmane lagatA Alekhe, mATInAM vAsaNonA vividha rajU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. prakArone lagatA tulanAtmaka Alekha ne gujarAtanI pradarzana mAtra adhivezananA divaso pUratuM maryAprAcIna saMskRtionA paraspara kAlAnukramane lagatA dita hatuM ne zaherathI ghaNuM dUra paDatuM hatuM. chatAM Alekha ItihAsa ne purAtatvanA abhyAsanI daSTie enA pramANamAM pariSadanA pratinidhio uparAMta ghaNA upayogI hatA. pUnAnI Dekkana kaeNlejanI zaheranI keTalIye saMsthAo ne vyaktioe eve saMzodhana saMsthA taraphathI raju thayela be nakazAo ThIka lAbha lIdho hato. saMvivAda: sipAIonA baLavAnI sAdhanasAmagrI sipAIonA baLavAnI sAdhanasAmagrInA viSaya evuM hAthamAM lIdhuM hatuM ke e baLavAnI ghaNI vAte para tA. 28 mIe sAMjanA eka carcA yojavAmAM emane pUrI pADatuM. vaLI Indora ne gvAliyaranA AvI hatI. upapramukha De. esa. ena. senanA vaimanasyamAM e hamezAM IMderane pakSa letuM ne gvAliyara adhyakSapade maLelI A sabhAmAM Do. 2. ca. majumadAre tema ja jhAMsInA banAvonI nedha ghaNI vikRta rIte carcAnI zarUAta karatAM jaNAvyuM ke A viSaya para letuM. tyArabAda bihAranA De. dAse 1857nA baLavAnI je vipula sAmagrI maLe che te parathI traNa muddAonI bhUmikA rUpe agAunA baLavAeAnAM vaheNu dhyAnamAM spaSTatA karavAnI prApta thAya che? levAnI jarUra jaNAvI hatI. pachI AsAmanA zrI.. (1) baLavAnAM kAraNa, (2) emAM janatAe veNudhara varmAe potAnA pradezamAM vyApelI baLavAnI lIdhelo bhAga ne (3) baLavAnuM svarUpe. A uparAMta asarane khyAla ApyA hatA. chevaTe jhAMsInI rANInA e baLavAnI niSphaLatAnA prajAjIvana para zA pratyA- bhatrIjA vayevRddha zrI tAMbee baLavAnA ItihAsa ghAna paDavyA te paNa tapAsavuM jarUrI che. emAMye mATe madhya bhAratamAM Avela dAMtiyA ne orA A baLa mAtra lazkara parate maryAdita hato ke e rAjayanAM daphataronI sAmagrIne ulekha karI e AjhAdI mATenuM prajAnuM adilina hatuM e khAsa mAhitI vigatavAra prasiddha karavAnI jarUra samajAvI nakkI karavAnuM che. hatI. carcAne upasaMhAra karatAM pramukhe jaNAvyuM ke pachI rAjasthAnanA prophesara baDagyAe 'e baLavAne dabAvI devAmAM AvyA bAda A5NuM leke baLavAmAM rAjasthAnanA itihAsakAra sUryamale pitAnAM svAthI hitenuM jatana karavA mATe aMgrejo jamInadArone sAtha sAdhavA karelI hAkalane ulekha taraphanI pitAnI vaphAdArI sAbita karavA macI paDathA karI emAM rAjAo ne jAgIradAro uparAMta Ama- hatA ne AthI baLavA aMgenI ghaNI sAdhanasAmagrI janoe paNa ThIka bhAga lIdho hovAnuM pratipAdita aMgrejonA pakSanI maLyA kare che. tethI A pUrvakaryuM. tyArabAda bhopAlanA 8 zrIvAstava je A grahabharI mAhitIthI geraraste doravAtA pahelAM ApaNe viSaya para dasa varSathI kAma kare che temaNe briTiza e mAhitIne pUrepUrI cakAsavI joIe. Ama A myujhiyamamAM tema ja pALa rAjyanA daphatarakhAnAmAM carcA parathI bhAratanI prajAnA dRSTikrANuvALI rahelAM daphataronA abhyAsa parathI evI mAhitI ApI sAmagrInuM vizeSa saMzodhana karavAnI jarUra phalita hatI ke aMgrejoe e baLavAmAM bhopALa rAjyane thatI hatI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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nibaMdha bhAratIya ItihAsa pariSadaH : 27 asakarIe mughalayuganA bhArata-IrAnI rAjakIya tA. 28 ne 29 daramiyAna judAjudA vibhAgomAM saMbaMdho vize ne zrI. mathure puSkaramAM AvelI judAjudA viSayanA nibaMdha, vAMcavAmAM AvyA hatA saMtAjInI kahevAtI chatrI vize mananIya nibaMdha raja ne emAM keyalIka vAra raja thayelA carcAspada mudAo karyA hatA. pAMcamA vibhAgamAM De. ghoSAlane Agapara carcA karavAmAM AvI hatI. NIsamI sadInA AraMbhanA bhArata-porTugIjha vepArI cha vibhAgomAM ekaMdare se uparAMta nibaMdha saMbaMdha vizene, De. esa. pI. senane suratanI phrenca keThI vize, zrImatI Arati dAsaguptane bhArata AvyA hatA. pahelA vibhAganA nibaMdhomAM DaoN. 2. caM. majamudArane gaMga saMvatanA AraMbhakAla para sarakAranI 1813 thI 1836 sudhInI zaikSaNika nIti vizene, mi. severIna silavAne sTro-jarmana nibaMdha, DaoN. di. caM. sarakArane "nagarazreNI parano nibaMdha, Do. rAmarAvane gautamIputra zAtakanI IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI vizene ne zrI. jezIne saMvaMtavADInAM durgAbAI bhesale vize nibaMdha daMDayAtrAo para nibaMdha, Do. u. pra. zAhane udAharaNaya gaNAya. gujarAtanA sthAnika ItihAsane vikramasUtA vasuMdharA para nibaMdha Do. sudhAkara lagatA vibhAgamAM paMdareka nibaMdha AvyA hatA. emAM caTTopAdhyAyane puSyamitra zRMganA samaya para nibaMdha zrI. 2. nA. mahetAe vAlamanA purAtana avazeSo para, ne zrI. a. nA. lAhiDIne dimitre karelA bhArata Da. ha. gaM. zAstrIe gujarAtamAM rASTrakUTa sattAnA paranA AkramaNanA samaya vizeno nibaMdha vadhu mahattvanA udaya para, zrI. davee kadamba rAjyanA sthApakanA mULa gaNAya. bIjA vibhAgamAM ma. ma. pro. mirAzIe rASTrakaTa nannarAjanA indragaDha zilAlekha vize, De. vatana vize, prA. davee dakSiNa bhAratanA saurASTrIo para, paM. gAMdhIe AzAvalInA etihAsika ullekha sarakAre mahIpAla 1lAnA amadapura pratimAlekho vize. para, De. rAya caudharIe somanAthanA vividha devatAo zrI. ga. ha, kharee traNa navAM tAmrazAsane vize, para, zro. amRta paMDayAe kacchamAMthI tema ja zrI. che. ji. nA. baeNnajIe elIphanTAnI kahevAtI nANAvaTIe saurASTramAMthI navA maLelA bhImadeva trimUrtinA sAcA paricaya vize ne Do. rAyacaudharIe 1lAnA dAnazAsana para, Do. sAMDesarAe kavi gaMgadhararASTrakuTa sAmrAjyanA patana vize rajU karelA nibaMdha kata vAsaMtApavidyAra nAme etihAsika nATaka para noMdhapAtra che. trIjA vibhAgamAM theDA nibaMdha AvyA che. u. . zAhe vadhavanniza nAme vyAkaraNagranya hatA, jemAM zrI rAdhAkRSNa caudharIne "kIrtilatA'mAM para, Do. naM. 2. majamudAre hemacandrakRta mAnaAvatA jainapuranA varNana vizena, Do. dazaratha zarmAno nAmAvarI nI gujarAtI zailI para temaja amArine nAminandananorijhavadha mAM nirUpelAM alAuddIna lagatA vi. saM. 1848 mAM thayelA eka karAranAmA khalajInAM parAkramo vizene, saiyada akabaraalIno para, zrI. rAThoDe kacachanA purAtana avazeSo para, zrI. tArIkha-I-salatana-I-gujarAta'mAM ApelA guja mithe mujhaphapharazAhane eNe karelI mALavA paranI rAtanA itihAsa (I. sa. 1411-1554) vizene caDAI para, zrI. desAIe mujhaphapharazAhI vaMzanA itine che. jI. esa. dAsane orissAmAM maLelA vo hAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI para, janAba kAjIe murilama jani nAme aprasiddha vyAkaraNagraMtha vize nibaMdha yuga daramiyAnanA noMdhaNIkhAtAnA vahIvaTa para temaja lakSamAM levA je gaNAya. cothA vibhAganA nibaMdhonI 13mIthI 16mI sadI sudhImAM thayelA gujarAtanA saMkhyA paNa pramANamAM nAnI hatI. emAM che. jI. keTalAka saMte para ane Do. trivedIe gujarAta ne ena. zarmAe mevADI citrazailI vize, zrI rAmamUtie . mALavA vaccenA sAMskArika saMparka para nibaMdha raja abula hasana kutuba zAha vize, zrI. mahAjane varA- caeN hatA. tamAM maLelA I. sa. 1756nA tAmrazAsana vize, pro. For Personal & Private Use Only

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TharAva 28:: buddhiprakAza hato. vaLI prAcIna lekhomAM AvatAM sthalanAme tA. 28 mIe sAMjanA gujarAta yunivarsiTInA kesa taiyAra karAvavA bhArata sarakArane vinaMtI karavI upa-kulapati taraphathI mahemAnane gArDana-pATI e TharAva paNa nadhipAtra che. dilhI khAte bhArata ApavAmAM AvI hatI. vidyAnI madhyastha saMsthA kholavAnI bhArata sarakArane karela vinaMtI paNa mahattavanI gaNAya. A uparAMta chelle divase pariSadanuM aMtima adhivezana bharAyuM deza, prAMta ne jillAonA gejheTiyaranuM ekasarakhA hatuM. zarUAtamAM muMbaInA zrI. 2. gha. jJAnInA tema ja dhoraNe punaHsaMskaraNa karavA mATe sarakAre tAkIde paTaNAnA De. suvimalacaMdra sarakAranA avasAnanA pagalAM levA joIe evaye TharAva karavAmAM Avyo khedanA TharAva karyA bAda gaI sAlanA kAmakAjane hato. aitihAsika daphatare jyanI AbohavA ahevAla tathA hisAba rajU karavAmAM Avyo hato. AmAM itihAsagrantha prakAzananI yojanAmAM hAla anukULa na hoya tevAM smaLAe na khaseDavA sarakArane vinaMtI karavAno TharAva paNa karavAmAM Avyo hate. ene bIjo grantha (maurya-sAtavAhana yuga) bahAra paDavAnI taiyArImAM hovAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM adhivezananI pUrNAhuti karatAM pramukhasthAnethI ne bAkInA keTalAka granthanA lakhANa saMbaMdhI thayelI De. cakravatI e gujarAta yunivarsiTI, gujarAta pragatine ahevAla ApavAmAM Avyo hato. rAja vidyAsabhA ne amadAvAda ejyukezana sosAyaTIne tema ja sthAnika kAryakarone AbhAra mAnyo hato. sthAnanAM daphataronA prakAzana mATe jayapura narezanI saMmati meLavavA vadhu saMgIna koziza karavAnI aMtamAM svAgata samitinA pramukha zrI harasihabhAI dIveTiyAe adhivezanamAM AvelA pratinidhio bhalAmaNa karavAmAM AvI hatI. AvatA adhivezana tema ja adhivezanamAM madada karanAra saMsthAo, kAryaaMge kalakattA yunivarsiTIe ApelA AmaMtraNane karo, maMtrIo ne svayaMsevaka AbhAra mAnyo hato. svIkAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA tema ja e adhivezana aMgenA pramukha tathA vibhAgIya pramukhanI varaNI , | bAda sAMjanA pratinidhione amadAvAdanAM jovAlAyaka sthaLonI mulAkAte laI javAmAM AvyA karavAmAM AvI hatI. kArobArI taraphathI rajU thayelI baMdhAraNanA sudhArAvadhArAnI keTalIka darakhAsto karavAmAM AvI hatI, jemAM pratinidhionA lavA- mAre jana jamane dara vadhAravA tema ja hAlanA pAMca vibhAgane manoraMjananA kAryakramomAM tA. 27mIe garabA, sthAne traNa vibhAgo rAkhavAne sudhAre mahattvane rAsa, gIta, nRtya vagere uparAMta "makhIcusa" gaNAya. laMDana khAtenI inDiyA oNphisanA makAna nATakane saMkSipta prayoga raju karavAmAM Avyo ane emAMnI vastuono bhAratane hisso meLavavA hate. tA. 28 mIe gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA naTamATe tAkIda karavAno TharAva thayo hato. atihAsika maMDaLa taraphathI menA gujarI'nuM nATaka bhajavavAmAM . daphatarane vikherI nAkhavAne badale rASTriya daphatara- AvyuM hatuM. tA. 29mIe rAte keTalIka dastAvejI khAnAmAM ekatra karavA vizene TharAva paNa mahatvano phimo batAvavAmAM AvI hatI. hatA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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rAjakIya neMdha devavrata nAnubhAI pAThaka bogAra pariSada lazkarI karAra pachI A matabhedo ugra banyA che. 1946nA mArcamAM navI dilhI khAte pahelI saMyukta rASTrasaMdhamAM tema ja temanI paradezanItimAM eziyAI pariSad maLelI. te vakhate naMkhAyelAM banne vacce mULabhUta taphAvata Ubho thayo che. laMkA bIja Aje pAMgarI rahyAM che. bAgora pariSada ane ane hinda vacce paNa hamaNAM ja meLa thaye che. bAnDaga khAte maLanArI eziyAI-Aphrikana pariSada mAtra brahmadeza ane inDoneziyA pAse ApaNe kaMIka tenAM ja saMtAno che. eziyAI-Aphrikana pariSadane cokkasa valaNanI AzA rAkhI zakIe. A matabheda vicAra InDoneziyAmAM uddabhavyA ane tene kelo chatAM mAtra traNa divasanA TUMkA gALAmAM bAgAra sattAoe joIta ke Ape. pariSadano vicAra pariSada tenuM mukhya kAma ATopI laI zakI che ane inDoneziyAmAM Ave temAM navAI nathI. 1948mAM lagabhaga trIsa eziyAI ane Aphrikana dezane jyAre Daca lekee inDoneziyA uparanuM temanuM AmaMtraNa apAyAM che. kAmanA A jhaDapI nikAlane Adhipatya TakAvI rAkhavA hala karyo tyAre paMDita cheDe yaza neharune phALe jAya che. bhegAM thayelAM pAMceya neharue bIjI eziyAI pariSada bolAvelI. ezi- rASTrono vicAra AgAmI pariSadane jeTalI vizALa yAI saMgaThana ane tenI pAchaLanI prabaLa bhAvanAne e banAvI zakAya teTalI banAvavAnuM hatuM. pariNAme bIjo agatyane tabakko. e divasathI InDoneziyA eziyA tathA AphrikAnAM moTA bhAganAM rASTrone hindanuM haMmezanuM RNI rahyuM che. hindI ane i-De- AmaMtraNa apAyAM. A AmaMtraNa ApavAmAM neziyA vaccenuM vicArasAmya paNa A ItihAsane begAra pariSade koI eka siddhAMta svIkAryo hoya te AbhArI che. te dezanI svataMtra sthitine. A siddhAnta anu. gayA eprilamAM kolaomAM pariSada maLelI te saravAmAM paMDita neharue jaNAvyuM che tema be ja pachI barAbara ATha mahine bogAramAM pariSada maLI. apavAdo svIkAravAmAM AvyA che, eka sUdAna ane kolao pariSad maLe te arasAmAM ja hindI cIna bIje gohaDa kosTa aMgene. A baMne dezo atyAre aMge vicAra karavA jInIvAmAM pariSada maLelI. saMpUrNa svataMtra nathI te chatAM temanI paristhitimAM hindI-cIna aMge eziyAne avAja raju karavAmAM thoDA vakhatamAM pheraphAra thavAne saMbhava che ane tyAMnI kelo pariSade moTo bhAga bhajavyo. hindI- sarakAro tyAMnA lekamatane pratinidhitva ApI zake zAnti sthApavAmAM jInivA pariSada saphaLa tevI che. AvA kaMIka vicArathI prerAIne sudAna nIvaDI temAM kolao pariSadane dorIsaMcAra hato. tathA golDa kAsTane AmaMtraNa apAya che. ijharAte divasathI A pAMca sattAo-hinda, pAkistAna, yalane jANIbujhIne ja AmaMtraNa apAyuM nathI. tenA bahmadeza, laMkA tathA InDoneziyA-kela sattAo mobhA vize koIne zaka nathI paraMtu bAgora pari tarIke varNavAI che. padane Araba deze ane ijharAyala vacce pasaMdagI bagoranI pariSadamAM A pAMca sattAoe eka karavAnI hatI Araba dezoe jaNAveluM ke jo pagaluM AgaLa bharyuM che ane samagra eziyA tathA ijharAyalane AmaMtraNa apAze te teo AgAmI AphrikAnA badhA ja svataMtra dezanI eka pariSada pariSadamAM hAjarI Apaze nahi, Araba lIganA eprilamAM bolAvI che. bAgora pariSadanI sauthI moTI badhA ja sabhyadezana-Ijipta, IrAka, siriyA, khUbI e che ke temAM dekhAtA visaMvAdamAMthI paNa lebenona, jorDana, sAudI arebiyA tathA yamanasaMvAdI sara nIkaLe che. pAkistAna ane hinda A rIte AmaMtraNa apAyuM jyAre ijharAyelane vaccenA matabheda jANItA che. pAka-amerikana bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. cIna aMge sArA For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 :: buddhiprakAza nasIbe kazI ja aDacaNa naDI nahi, kAraNa ke A keTalAkanA mata pramANe pUrva ane pazcima uparAMta pAMceya rAToe cInanI navI sarakArane mAnya rAkhI eka trIjo moraco Ubho karavAno A eka prayatna che. phormosA vize prazno pUchAyA tyAre laMkAnA vaDA che. keTalAka nirAzAvAdIone tene vize bilakula pradhAne sacoTa javAba Apelo ke ame mAtra cInanI AzA nathI, kAraNa ke temAM hAjarI ApanAra rASTro eka ja sarakArane-navI sarakArane-mAnya rAkhI che. vacce koI samAna dhoraNa nathI. temanI atirika te ja pramANe koriyAnI acokkasa paristhitine kAraNe ane videzanItimAM ghaNuM ochuM sAmya che ane tene AmaMtraNa apAyuM nathI. hindI cInanI zAMti temanI sthitimAM ghaNo taphAvata rahelo che. lAvavAmAM kalAo sattAoe AgaLa paDato bhAga A aTakaLomAM bahu vajUda nathI. hA, temAM bhajavyo che. A kAraNathI hindI-cInanA badhA ja pazcimane na ruce tevI eka vAta che. eziyA ane dezane AmaMtraNa apAya che. AphrikAnA dezo have temanuM pitAnuM bhAvi temanI bAga khAte maLanArI pariSadanI kAryavAhImAM potAnI munasaphI upara dhAvA mAge che. temane pazcimane carcAspada viSayone dUra rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. kAraNa sIdhI ke ADakataro hastakSepa have mAnya nathI. ke temAM hAjarI ApanAra rASTro judI judI nIti saMsthAnavAda eziyAmAMthI Athame che agara te anasarI rahyAM che. dA. ta., temAM cIna tathA jApAne AthamI rahyo che. AphrikA paNa te ja raste jaI bane AvanAra che. temAM adyAnistAna che te sAthe rahyuM che. bAnDagamAM maLanArA sarve dezanuM koI eka pAkistAna paNa che. hindI-cInanAM cAra rAja samAna lakSaNa hoya te te A che. temanAmAM svAzrayI judIjudI nItine varelAM che. thAIlenDa ane banavAne umaMga che, navA svAtaMtryanI tAjagI che philipInsano samAveza karavAnuM hoya te temAM ane navI duniyA sajavAno utsAha che. bAnuga carcAspada viSaye na ja rAkhI zakAya te dekhItuM che. pariSada eziyA ane AphrikAnI jAgRtinuM pratIka che. vaLI temAM cInanI navI sarakAranA pratinidhio temanAmAM trIjo morace Ubho karavA jeTalI zakti hAjarI ApanAra che. A hakIkata lakSyamAM rAkhIne nathI. paNa temanuM vajana-je kaMI hoya te-teo pariSade binacarcAspada viSaye sUcavyA che. temAMne zAtinA pallAmAM nAkhavA mAge che. pariSada tene prathama che. anyonyane madada ane vadhu gADha saMbaMdha. dhyeyamAM keTale aMze saphaLa thaze te vize pazcimanA Ane viSe koIne virodha hoI zake nahi. bIjA nirIkSakoe atyArathI ja tarkavitarko zarU karI dIdhA vaiSayamAM te pariSadamAM bhAga lenArA rASTranI che. paNa sArA nasIbe pariSade tenuM dhyeya sIdhuM sAdu Arthika sthitimAM sudhAro karavAnI vAta che. A rAkhyuM che. pariSadane pariNAme sabhya deze ekabIjAnI rAnI kudaratI saMpatti vize tapAsa hAtha dharavAne vadhAre najIka Ave. paraspara vicAronI Apale . paNa nirdeza karAyo che. paNa kadAca sauthI vadhu karavA mATe kaMIka vadhu cokkasa taMtra UbhuM karI zake A agatyanI vAta to e che ke A pariSaddamAM bhAga ane avAranavAra maLavAnuM nakkI kare che te ochuM lenAra rASTra tenAthI kaI rIte baMdhAtuM nathI. nathI. ATalAthI zarUAtamAM suteSa mAnavA jeTalI - AmaMtraNa ApanAra pAMca rAjyoe A bAbatanI mutsaddIgIrI kAlao rAjyamAM che te to sau koI pUrI cokhavaTa karI che chatAM philipInse A Ama kabUla rAkhI zake tema che. bAnyuga pariSadane eziyA traNane asvIkAra karyo che. thAIlenDanuM paNa cokkasa ane AphrikAnA moTA bhAganA lokone roke che, te kahI zakAya tema nathI. niSphaLa nIvaDe tema nathI. AgAmI eziyAI-Aphrikana pariSada vize tareha amerikAnA vimAnIe tirehanI aTakaLa thaI rahI che. pazcimanA nirIkSakone temAM gorI prajA sAme baLa' dekhAya che. agiyAra jeTalA amerikAnA vimAnIone For Personal Private Use Only

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rAjakIya neMdha : : 31 jAsUsI kAma karavAnA Aropasara cIne keda karyA yuddhakedIo gaNavA joIe ane yuddhakedIone A che. amerikAnI sarakAre cInanA A pagalAne virodha rIte rokI zakAya nahi. A sAme cIne jaNAvyuM karyo che ane javAbamAM amerikAmAM abhyAsa karatA che ke cIna tathA u. koriyAnA hajAro yuddhakedIone cInanA pAMtrIsa vidyAthIone rokI rAkhyA che: taTastha paMcanA Agraha chatAM amerikAe choDI A prazna saMyukta rASTrasaMgha samakSa amerikA taraphathI mUkelA. e samaye cIna taraphathI AMtararASTrIya [ AvatAM temAM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM ke saMyukta kAyadAno ullekha karavAmAM Avele paNa amerikAne rASTasaMdhanA sAmAnya maMtrI DAga hemarzAlDane A te mAnya nahotuM. cInanI dalIla che ke je amerikA vize maMtraNuM karavA mATe pekiMga mokalavA. A cAMga kAI zekanI bhAMgI paDelI sarakArane Teko ApatuM maMtraNAo jAnyuArInI 6, 7, 8 ane 10 heAya ane tenI sAthe lazkarI karAra karatuM hoya te tArIkhoe calAvavAmAM AvI. maMtraNAomAM bane cInanI bhUmi upara jAsUsI nahi karatuM hoya tenI pakSoe pitAnAM dRSTibinduo raju karyA che. ame- zI khAtarI ? cInanI navI sarakAra ane cAMga rikAnuM kahevuM ema che ke A vimAnIe jyAre vaccenA saMbaMdhe te cInanI AMtarika bAbata che pakaDAyA tyAre temanA lazkarI gaNavezamAM hatA. ane temAM eka pakSane madada karIne amerikAe AMtararASTrIya kAyadA pramANe gaNavezamAM pharatA cInanA AMtarika praznomAM mAthuM mAryuM che. agiyAra, sainikane A rIte keda pakaDI zakAya nahi. teo vimAnIe aMgenI DAga hemazaMDa sAthenI carcAmAM, jAsUsInA kAma mATe AvelA tema paNa amerikA paNa cAu ena lAIe A dRSTibindu lIdhuM kabUla rAkhatuM nathI. amerikAnA mata pramANe cInanI hevAnuM kahevAya che. cInanI navI sarakArane saMyukta vartaNUka gerakAyadesara che. rASTrasaMghamAM dAkhala nahi thavA devAnI nIti paNa amerikAe apanAvI che. vimAnIone prazna, A cInanI sarakAra mAne che ke A vimAnIe jAsusI kAma mATe ja AvelA. A aMgenA temanA daSTie kaI ekAkI prazna nathI. tenI sAthe bIjA purAvAo temaNe jAhera janatA samakSa mUkyA che ghaNA prazno gUMcavAyelA che. cIne rASTrasaMdhamAM ane paMDita neharu upara paNa ravAnA karyA che. mAtra dAkhala thAya ane amerikA ane cInanA saMbaMdho, kAyado jovA jaIe te cInanA valaNane Teko ApI sudhare te A praznone ukela zodhavo muzkela nathI.. zakAya nahi. paNa cIna ane amerikAnA saMbaMdha kAnsa ane jarmanInuM lazkarIkaraNa eTalI vicitra paristhitimAMthI pasAra thaI rahyA che 287 viruddha 36 0 mate chevaTe phrAnsanI dhArAsabhAke A praznane naryA kAyadAnI daSTie je te e jarmanInA lazkarIkaraNane bahAlI ApI che. anyAya karavA barAbara che. paMDita neharue A vize A bahAlI mAtra 27 mate ja maLI che e hakIkata co mata uccAryo nathI, paNa temanI sahAnubhUti tarapha durlakSya karI zakAya tema nathI. mata levAyA cIna pratye che temAM kaMI zaka nathI. temanA mata te pahelAM dhArAsabhAe vAvRddha rAjakIya netA pramANe A praznane saMyukta rASTrasaMdha samakSa mUkIne heriTane sAMbhaLelA. temanA kahevA pramANe A amerikAe tene vadhAre gUMcavaNabharyo banAvyo che. gaMbhIra prazna upara mata ApatAM phrAnse pUrate vicAra temAMye jyAre cInanI navI sarakAranI pAse te karavo joIe. phrAnsa ekamArgI rasto laI rahyuM che aMge saMyukta rASTrasaMdhamAM bacAva karavAnuM kaMI jemAMthI pAchA pharavuM saheluM nathI. daMgale paNa Aja sAdhana na hoya te veLAe A paddhati akhatyAra mata lIdhelo. chevaTe menDesa phrAnse jaNAvyuM ke karIne amerikAe cInane roSa vahorI lIdho che. dhArAsabhA bahAlI Apaze te te raziyA sAthe amerikAno Agraha che ke A vimAnIone samajatI karavAno prayatna karaze. phrAnsanI dhArAsabhAe For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 : : buddhiprakAza bahAlI ApI paNa tenI eka akha raziyA tarapha paMcazIlanA siddhAntane Teko ApavAmAM yugoslAniyA, maMDAyelI hatI. chellA be varSa daramiyAna phrAnsanA paheluM ja yuropIya rASTra che ema kahI jAya, lokamatane cekasa lAgyuM che ke turatamAM vizvayuddha. alabatta briTananA majura pakSanA netA eTalI kATI nIkaLe tevo saMbhava nathI. bIju e ke raziyA temanI cInanI mulAkAta pachI zAMtimaya sahajIvanane sAthe maMtraNAo karIne yuropamAM zAntinuM sAmrAjya Teke Ape che. paNa eTalI satA upara nathI sthApavuM pahelAM jeTaluM muzkela lAgatuM hatuM teTaluM have jyAre hITa tenA dezanA vatI bolI zake tema che, lAgatuM nathI; chevaTe aNanuM yuddha yuropane paMcazIlane A Teke maLyA pachI zAntinuM kSetra sarvanAza tarapha ghasaDI jaze tenI saMpUrNa pratIti vadhu bahoLuM thayuM che ane laDAInA kALA oLA phrAnsane thaI gaI che. eTalA pramANamAM pAchA haThayA che. TITanI A phAnsanI jarmanI taraphanI bIka tadana zamI mulAkAta pachI samAcAra maLe che ke cIna tathA yugoslAviyA temanA rAjakIya saMbaMdho bAMdhavA nathI; kadAca te kadi nahi zame. amerikAne phAnsa taraphano vartAva paNa phrAnsanA svamAnI mAnasane taiyAra thayAM che. khuda raziyA paNa have yugoslAviyA cato nathI. phrAnsane yuropIya saMrakSaNamAM bhAga sAthe punaH saMbaMdha bAMdhavA taiyAra thayuM che. ane levo che paNa jarmanI vizenI bIka tadana dUra thAya vacce vepArI karAra karavAmAM AvyA che ane to chevaTanA samAcAra pramANe menDesa phAse cAra pUrvavata saMbaMdhe zarU thavAnAM cihno dekhAya che. mahAsattAo vaccenI pariSadane pharIne nirdeza karyo zAti taraphanA A pagaraNamAM hinda tene bhAga che. e sivAya teo phrAnsanA mAnasane saMtoSa A bhajavI rahyuM che e pratyeka hindI mATe gauravane viSaya che. thoDA divaso pahelAM bolatAM uttara pradezanA ApI zake tema nathI. gavarnara zrI kanaiyAlAla munzIe jaNAveluM ke 1954 kITanI mulAkAta nuM varSa te "nehanuM varSa che. koriyA ane hindI yugoslAviyAnA pramukha mArzala TITonI hindI -cInamAM ApaNe bhajavelo bhAga, kelio ane mulAkAta hindanI paradezanItino eka moTo vijaya eziyAI-Aphrikana pariSada, cAu ena lAI tathA gaNavo joIe. mArzala TITe sAmyavAdI che paNa TInI mulAkAta-A badhAnI pAchaLa neharunuM raziyA ane yugoslAviyA vacce matabheda paDyA preraNAdAyI vyaktitva najare paDe che. pachI teoe pazcimanA dezo sAthe hAtha milAvelA hinda, cIna tathA brahmadeza taraphathI je paMcazIlane briTananA majura pakSanA agraNI enAyarIna Teke ApavAmAM Avela te siddhAntone mArzala bevAne jaNAvyuM che ke pazcime svIkArelA zastrIkaraNane TITAe Teko Apyo che. hindanI mulAkAta bAda kAryakrama nirarthaka che e puravAra thaI cUkyuM che. pazcime temaNe bahAdezanI mulAkAta lIdhI che ane tyAM paNa have raziyA sAthe vATAghATa zarU karavI joIe ane e ja rIte paMcazIla ane khAsa karIne zAtimaya te mATe cAra mahAsattAoe bhegA maLavuM joIe. sahajIvananA siddhAntane temaNe vadhAvI lIdhuM che. 12-1-'55 For Personal & Private Use Only

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buddhi , ka za : vArSika sUci varSa 101 muM]. [ 1954 lekha sUci kaliMga pAritoSika narasiMha mu. zAha 298 aNuboMba pheMka anivArya hato ana. yazavaMta dezI 160 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mo phArasI- bhAgIlAla ja. sAMDesarA aNarahasya-aNuzaktino upayoga , abI mULanA rASTra- } ane ane AITemsa girIza. vi desAI 325 prayoge ) nalInakAnta che, paMDyA 194 -AlphA, bITA ane kuMbhAriyAnAM kalAmaMdira kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave 347 gAmA kiraNo 227 keLavaNuM kyAre sudhare ? AcArya kRpAlAnI 35 --brahmAMDa kiraNo 259 garIba dezo ane amerikA rAmu paMDita 320 -sAyakalona 295 gAMdhIjI sAthe eka praznottarI jJAnezvara uddhava mAMDhare 7 amerikAnI hAlanI paradezanIti sumanta mahetA 252 gujarAtanA keTalAka zilpagra kAMti semapurA 218 amerikAmAM hiMdI vidyAthIo? ronAlDa I. vulsalI 165 gujarAtanA bhIlo DAhyAbhAI jI. nAyaka 78 arvAcIna kavitA eka preraka gujarAtIne khaseDavA hindI viSNuprasAda trivedI 128 prAga: "prAcInA" hasita bUca 72 geDa kAsTa cazavaMta dezI 211 ajoSa ratilAla mohanalAla trivedI 276 cAMcaDa surendra kApaDiyA 392 AjanA yuganA traNa jarUrI guNe vinebA 26 cokhAno khorAka ane ApaNAM paMcAgono prazna harihara prA bhaTTa 290 - prajanana zakti esa. raMganAthana 170 ApaNe kyAM jaI e chIe? AcArya kRpAlAnI 69 carcApatra tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI hemANI 402 ApaNo madhyamavarga ane sarvodaya dilakhuza ba.dIvAnajI 224 chelI re AcArya kRpAlAnI 317 tejasvI garIbAI ramAkAMta nA. dave ApaNe keLavaNIne koyaDa : 25 jamiyatarAma paMDyA 379 dUdhano udyoga - saMkalita 358 inDiyana sTAnDarDajha IsTiTacazana narasiMha mU. zAha 090 dhammapada anu. hasita bUca 23 uccazikSaNanI bodhabhASA : dharmAraNya mAnya nuM mahatta hariprasAda zAstrI (13 eka praznottarI kAkA kAlelakara 107 gaTubhAI dhru naTamaMDaLane abhivAdana rasikalAla cho. parIkha 150 navA pAyAnI keLavaNI kAkA kAlelakara 39 jhINAbhAI ra. desAI 110 nAnA udyoga 256 naraharibhAI kA. parIkha 117 nAnAbhAI bhaTTa pIkiMganuM rAjamahela myujhiyama umAzaMkara joSI 121 zrI. ba, junnarakara 110 prajAghaDatarane eka akhatare sumanta mahetA 180 Do. bI. bI. ye dha prAcIna hiMdamAM nATayagRhonuM bhAIlAlabhAI paTela 115 sthApatyavidhAna kAnti somapurA maganabhAI desAI Do. maganabhAI paTela 112 akhila bhAratIya saMmelana na 337 Do. rAmanAthana 126 adhyApaka ane zabdabUhane jugAra na0 305 rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka 118 ' aniSTa pAchuM pase che na aMka 8 zAradAbahena mahetA 127 paMThA pAna 2 santaprasAda bhaTTa 122 abhinaMdana paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI 127 abhinaMdana na aMka 6 Do. sumanta mahetA 124 pUMThA pAna 3 surendra vaikuMThabhAI desAI 113 zrI. amRtalAla zeTha na aMka 8 eka Adhunika kavitAnuM mULa hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyA 22 5ThA pAna-2 eka jJAti samAjanuM parivartana sumanta mahetA 50 A aMka vize 10 * 97 ekeDemI opha sAyansIjha - AkAzavANuM taraphathI nATayaharIphAI na0 20 19 muM adhivezana na, meM zAha AnaMdanI vAta na 261 okhAharaNanI 'upekSitA" jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA 187 AvakAra na aMka 7 ogaNIsamI zatAbdInuM gujarAta muni kAntisAgara 264 pUThA pAna-3, 12 prAsaMgika noMdha For Personal & Private Use Only

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2 : ; buddhiprakAza ucca zikSaNanuM mAdhyama eka DagaluM AgaLa dArUbaMdhI viro dArUbaMdhI ane pravAsIe gacha mALavA zALAo kArobArInuM mahattvanuM mArTUna kaoNlejanA vidyAthI onI dazA gujarAtI acApakAnA sAMdha gujarAta yunivarsiTI eMkaDhamAM sudhArA na na nava gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya bhavananuM uddhATana na. cAkhavaTa thavI ghaTe na. navA abhyAsakrama navo cIlo pA prAthamika cAthA dhAraNanA itihAsa rITa-vAcana mATe inAmA paDatA kSamArAvanuM avasAna e samAcAra bhAlatA AMkaDA mahAmaMtrInI cAkhavaDha mAdhyama aMge stutya niya mAdhyamane lagatA be TharAvA mAdhyamanA prazna karI kahevAya che. vanaspati' ane sarakAra vidyApaSido ane lAsa pa vizvavidyAlayanI mAgaNI veLAsara cAkhavaTa thavI ghaTe zaktimALA sevaka zabdavyUhane jugAra rAkhtavyUho vize vadhu candravyUha vize lAsanAmAM carcA zoLAnA makAnanA oraDA na nAgI pracArathI sanmAnI hIrA jayaMtI na padmavIdAna samAraMbha parabhASAnA mAdhyamanI asara paribhASAnI taiyArI pAThyapustA pAThaSapustaka ane sarakAra mATA joIe zikSaNanA mAdhyama viro zrI 'hana zAkano mAtmA vadhAranA mo. DhabasmAInI varaNI zrI. ramaNalAla desAInuM avasAna zrI. rAmana amadAvAdamAM salAhakAra maDaLanI bhalAmA sAhityakAranI AtmIyatA ta sTAipenDanA sarakAra pharI vicAravA jevA prazna na na na na eun na na na nava na na na na navuM na na nava na na nava na nava na. na. na na na na. na. na na 5 336 na 27 242 307 148 Ev 99 Ta 34 3 bagasAI mahetA 38 na. 177 34 338 305 2 4deg 203 178 306 10 241 274 6 149 201 203 109 145 209 177 274 273 67 hRda 33 17 have AgaLa vadhIe hiMdInA AkramaNanA bhaya hiMdInA sthAna viro cAkhavA hiMdustAnI prathAsamAne kAya pAMDavAnA niya premanI dhIraja be mahattvanA TharAvA briTiza gyAnA bhAratamAM daLavaNI jAtIya itihAsa pariSadanuM bharAnAruM abalabhAI mahetA 307 amadAvAdamAM adhivezana bhUdAna AMdolana ane satyAgrahI samAjavAda mane prabhAvita karanArAM pustako madhya ane dakSiNa amerikA mAdhyama ta| svabhASA ja hoya ra 66 147 vidyAthI o ane vizvavidyA 337 layAnA saMcAlakA vizvavidyAlaya vize svIndranAmanA vicAraza vijJAnanI dhamAdhA amanI pratiSThA zikSaNanuM mAdhyama samAjavAda ane gAMdhIvAda samALAnA bhAratIya tattvajJAna pariSada - jitendra jeTalI bhASAntarakalA nagInadAsa pArekha mRtyujayane jaya mRtyujaya ravIndranAya cIndranAtha senagupa rAjakIya noMdha vidyAya Apa vidyAsabhA samAcAra ma ma e hariprasAda zAo vinAbhA vahelA ekalo jAne re khetarane kheALe bhA. 1-2 tAvida For Personal & Private Use Only 0 ' dhUma pAnaka 351 374 ta dharAvata dozI, nikriyA bahu 40 338 cArA navA 55 248 kAkA kAlelakara sumanta mahetA 343 103 svIndranAtha ThAkura 62 243 kSitimohana sena nagInadAsa pArekha devavrata nAnubhAI pAThaka 28, 375 na 5, 92, 138, 173, 200, 232, 367, 299,339, 362, 396. pati sukhalAla cha 152 aMka 9 pUThA pAna 3 sumanta mahetA ApaNI ciMtA samuddhi ApaNI saMskRtinAM lAMka 147 177 DA. kAMtilAla zAha vinobA jitendra jeTalI jayaprakAza nArAyaNa ma 300 . 309 aMka 10 pUThA pAna 3 369 na cazavaMta zukala vi. sa. 312 279 133 padma 88 5 303 ra 235 235 402

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401 304 235 218 0. e 203 401 na.. vArSika sUci : 3 graMthaparicaya lekhaka sUci jenijhama Ina gujarAta bhe AcArya kRpAlAnI ApaNe kyAM jaIe chIe 69 naladavadaMtI rAsa anaMtarAya ma. rAvaLa 329 keLavaNI kyAre sudhare? 35 dhI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA chelI relI 317 trimAsika-dI. ba. kR. me. umAzaMkara joSI pIkiMganuM rAjamahela myujhiyama 167 jhaverI vizeSa abhinaMdana aMkana esa. raMganAthana cokhAne khorAka ane prajanana zakti bAlakAMDa yazavaMta zukala 235 170 bhAvi hiMdanuM darzana kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave kuMbhAriyAnAM kalAmaMdire 347 mahAbhArata ane uttarAdhyayana kAkA kAlelakara | ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA : sUtra 143 eka praznottarI 107 liTararI sarkala opha mahA navA pAyAnI keLavaNI 339 mane prabhAvita karanArA pustako 248 mAtya vastupAla enDa ITasa konTribyuzana Tu gujarAtanA keTalAka zilpagraMtho saMrakata liTarecara ne.. kAntilAla somapurA prAcIna hiMdamAM nATayagRhonuM vinIta joDaNI koza na sthApatya vidhAna vedAdhyayana ke cune hue kula vi. paM. semapurA salATanI pArasI 394 sata saMdeza-zakti aMka 10 204 kAntilAla zAha De. vijJAnanI bhASA 133 samAjanA ziremaNi carAvata zukala 225 gaTubhAI dhu ucca zikSaNanI bodhabhASA : saMsmaraNo paMDita sukhalAlajI 399 eka praznottarI sApa 204 girIza vi desAI aNurahasya-azaktine upayoga saMta vinobAM ane AisoTopsa 325 suMdarapuranI zALAne pahele -AlphA, bITA ane kalAka 204 gAma kiraNe 227 -- brahmAMDa kiraNa 259 eka vidyAthIne -sAyakoTrAna 295 "aitihAsika prasthAna" viSNuprasAda ra. trivedI 205 jamiyatarAma paMDayA ApaNe keLavaNIne keyaDe 379 dirdhAyu mATe Do. ena. yu. TreTara 175 jayaprakAza nArAyaNa samAjavAda ane gAMdhIvAda nAnA khetare vize na.. 176 jayaMtIlAla trivedIDe. sUryazakti 184 bela pAritoSika-vijetA jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA okhAharaNanI 'upekSitA" 187 anesTa hemiMge normana simatha 366 jitendra jeTalI bhAratIya tattvajJAna pariSada 8 prakAzanAM kiraNo 240 zabdaracanA harIphAI e vize bIDI ane kensara 271 pharI vicAra 385 bIDI pInArA vicAre nava 27 zikSaNanuM mAdhyama bhASAvAra janasaMkhyA na.. 271 jhINAbhAI desAI uccazikSaNanI bedhabhASA : mATI jIvana che phenDa sAIkasa 272 eka praznottarI 110, rAjyanI bhASAvAra vastI na 63 DAhyAbhAI jI. nAyaka gujarAtanA bhIlo vidyAthIone gAMdhIjI lpa tribhuvana vIrajIbhAI hemANI carcApatra 402 zikSakanI cAra saMpattio 26 dilakhuza ba. dIvAnajI ApaNe madhyavarga ane sarvodaya 224 zikSaNamAM sudhArA , 336 devavratanAnubhAI pAThaka sajakIya nedha 28, 19, 2, 38, zabdaracanA harIphAIo vize 172, 200, 232, pharI vicAra jitendra jeTalI 385 267, 299, 39, sevA-dharmane sAco vAra zaMkaralAla dvA. parIkha 238 363, 396, suryazakti De. jayaMtIlAla trivedI nagInadAsa pArekha nAnA udyogo somapura sAlanI pArasI kAMtilAla semapurA 394 bhASAntara kalA harijana ane AdivAsI yatIndranAtha senagupta 375 enI AjanI sthiti sumanta mahetA vizvavidyAlaya vize ravIndrahindI mAdhyamane anartha yazavanta zukala 130 nAthanA vicAre 279 sArasaMcaya 206 256 30 186 For Personal & Private Use Only

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10. 358 122 35 29 * 23. 4:: buddhiprakAza narasiMha ma. zAha ekeDemI opha sAyasijha- prajA ghaDatarane eka akhatare 180 19muM adhivezana 12 madhya ane dakSiNa amerikA 343 kaliMga pAritoSika 298 vidyArthIo ane vizvavidyA- * InDiyana sTAnDarDajhaisTiTayUzana 390 lonA saMcAlako 32 narahari dvArA parIkha ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA : harijana ane AdivAsIonI eka praznottarI 117 AjanI sthiti 286 nAnAbhAI bhaTTa 121 surendra kApaDiyA cAMcaDa 392 ba. junnarakara bI. bI. dha surendra ke ThabhAI desAI ucca zikSaNanI bodhabhASA : 125 eka praznottarI 107 'bhAIlAlabhAI paTela 115 bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA saMkalita dUdhane udyoga saMtaprasAda bhaTTa ane nalInakAnta. hariprasAda zAstrI dhamaLyuM-mArganuM mahatva che. paMDyA kAnhaDadeprabaMdhamAM phArasI 13 arabI mULanA zabdaprayogo 194 pAMDeno digvijaya samAlocanA 401 harihara prA. bhaTTa ApaNuM paMcAMgone prazna maganabhAI desAI ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA : hasita bUca arvAcIna kavitAne eka preraka eka praznottarI 112 prAga : "prAthanA" maganabhAI paTela dhammapada. hIrAlAla rasikalAla muni kAtisAgara ogaNIsamI zatAbdInuM gujarAta 264 kApaDiyA eka Adhunika kavitAnuM mULa 22 yazavaMta dezI azudhdhabapheMkavo anivArya hatA? 160 kSitimohana sena mRtyuMjaya ravIndranAtha 243 golDa kosTa 211 briTiza gyAnA 40 jJAnezvara uddhava mAMDhare gAMdhIjI sAthe eka praznottarI 7 yazavaMta zukala hindI mAdhyamane anartha 130 pUThA paranA lekho ratilAla mohanalAla trivedI azvaghoSa amRtanuM dAna vinobA 2-4 ramAkAMta nA. dave tejasvI garIbAI 25 kAma meLavavAno haka gAMdhIjI 1-1 ravIndranAtha ThAkura mRtyu jaya jaya keLavaNI gAMdhIjI 11-1 rasikalAla cho. parIkha naTamaDaLane abhivAdana 150 duniyAnI daSTi rAmanAthana che. ucca zikSaNanI. bodhabhASA : dezanI zobhA 9-1 eka praznottarI 126 naItAlIma ane krAMti dhIrendra majumadAra 12-4 rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka 118 , * hayahuyA. pavitratA 10-1 rAmu paMDita garIba deze ane amerikA 320 vinobA paheluM te vaheluM rinAlDa i. vulI amerikAmAM hiMdI vidyAthIo 165 javAharalAla neharu prabaLa lokamatanI jarUra AnaMdazaMkara dhruva 12-1 AjanA yuganA traNa jarUrI guNa 26 vinobA bhASAne doSa na deze javAharalAla neharu premanI dhIraja 374 yuddha TALyuM * na0 zramanI pratiSThA 56 rasa ane manana ravIndranAtha ThAkura 7-4 samAlocanA rAjadharma na 5-1 viSNuprasAda ra. trivedI gujarAtIne khaseDavA hindI ? 128 rAjA ke bahAravaTiye ' na zuM. da. jAvaDekara bhUdAna AMdolana ane satyAgrahI vacanapAlana 10. 3-1 . AcArya samAjavAda - 155 vANIne samaya arebiyana vijhaDama 9-4 zAradAbahena mahetA ucca zikSaNanI badhabhASA : vizvasAhityano yuga Ave che geTe eka praznottarI 127 vaijJAnika AgaLano naitika prazna Alkasa hakaste sukhalAlajI saMghavI 5. ucca zikSaNanI bodhabhASA : zaMkA paDe tyAre me. ka, gAMdhI 2-1 eka praznottarI 127 zikSaNanuM ekamAtra mAdhyama eca. Ana, bresapharDa 6-1 vidAya AzIrvAda 152 samAlocanA sahajIvana javAharalAla neharu 11-4 sumanta mahetA amerikAnI hAlanI paradezanIti 252 subhASita muslima mahAtmAomAMthI ucca zikSaNanI bodhabhASA : 10-4 eka praznottarI 124 svata tratA svAmI vivekAnaMda 8-1 eka jJAtisamAjanuM parivartana 50 svabhASAne svAbhAvika haka navalarAma paMDyA 4-6, 276 26 2 4-4 401 399 For Personal & Private Use Only

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raji0 . bI. pa734 kendra yAM, rAjyamAM ke samAjamAM ? bahu ja tAjo kALa bAda karIe to bhAratanA samAjamAM bhAgye ja rAjAne ke rAjyane kendravatI' sthAna maLyuM hatuM. e samAja haMmezAM nirapavAda rIte grAma ane nagarana! samAne kendramAM rAkhate AvyA che, ane rAjA ane tenuM rAjyataMtre to kevaLa enA eka ghaTakarUpa rahyAM che. ApaNAM arthazAstra ane daMDanItio ane ApaNA arthacitake ane temaNe karelI rAjAzAhInI ane keTalIka vAra to kaDaka rIte kendrita karazAhInI sudhAM himAyata chatAM paNa ApaNu ke dezanuM valaNa jene saMkucita arthamAM rAjakIya kahe che tenA karatAM sAmAjika vadhAre hatuM e cekTasa che, ane jo ke rAjA rakSaka ane pAlaka hatA tema chatAM, sAmAjika dhoraNe, kAyadAo, vicAre, Adarzo ane saMsthAonA ghaDataramAM teno kazo phALo nahoto, bhAratavAsIone te sadA grAma ane nagaranI samAjonI ja paDI hatI ane tene mATe ja teo kAma karatA hatA nahi ke rAjA ane rAjya mATe; jo ke teoe kadI rAjAne tene ghaTatAM mAna Adara ane kara ApavAmAM kacavATa anubhavyA nathI. kauTilya jevA ekakendra rAjAzAhInA himAyatInuM paNa valaNa ane dRSTi jene saMkucita artha mAM rAjakIya kahe che tenA karatAM sAmAjika-Arthika vadhAre hatI, emAM zaMkA nathI. | bhUtakALanA bhAratane mAnavI te have sAmAjika jIva, ane nahi ke eka grIka phisUphe (pleTae?) kahyuM hatuM tema rAjakIya jIva, ane jo ApaNe saikAonA gALA daramyAna bhAratavAsIoe kheDelI yAtrAne barAbara samajavI hoya te bhAratanI sAmAjika vicArasaraNInI dRSTie e bAbatano vicAra karavA joIe. - noharaMjana rAya For Personal Power Only