Arhat Vachan 2002 10

Author(s): Anupam Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Gyanpith Indore
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/526556/1

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I.S.S.N0971-9024 arhat vacana ARHAT VACANA varSa - 14, aMka - 4 akTUbara-disambara 2002 Vol. -14, Issue-4 Oct.-Dec. 2002 sakkArA (mizra) meM avasthita IsA pUrva 2680-2565 kAlIna eka pratimA (citra paricaya pRSTha 8 para) kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura KUNDAKUNDA JNANAPITHA, INDORE

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kundakunda jJAnapITha nidezaka maMDala (zodha samiti) kI baiThaka, indaura (29.9.02) gosISMEERA PAsa yAmAnAta lavAna.le layA citra meM bAyeM se DaoN. prakAzacaMda jaina (indaura), zrI ajitakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla (koSAdhyakSa, indaura), pro. navIna sI. jaina (pUrva nidezaka, indaura),pro. gaNeza kAvaDiyA (DIna-samAja vijJAna saMkAya, indaura), pro. surezacandra agravAla (adhyakSagaNita vibhAga, meraTha), zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla (adhyakSa-jJAnapITha, indaura), pro. e.e. abbAsI (nidezaka evaM pUrva kulapati, indaura), DaoN. anupama jaina (saciva-jJAnapITha, indaura), pro. pI.ena. mizra (DIna-prabaMdha vijJAna saMkAya, indaura), pro. lalitAmbA (DIna-mAnavikI saMkAya, indaura), pro. esa.ke. baMDI (indaura), zrI sUrajamala bobarA (indaura) kunda jhAlapaTala pAsa thAna rAmAsvAmaya lavacana.zAlaya paratalyA a. jaha isI baiThaka meM carcArata sadasyagaNa

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varSa 14, aMka 4 Volume 14, Issue 4 kundakunda jJAnapITha (devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura dvArA mAnyatA prApta zodha saMsthAna), indaura dvArA prakAzita zodha traimAsikI Quarterly Research Journal of Kundakunda Jnanapitha, INDORE (Recognised by Devi Ahilya University, Indore) I.S.S.N.0971-9024 arhat vacana ARHAT VACANA mAnada - sampAdaka DaoN. anupama jaina DaoN. nemIcanda jaina smRti ahiMsA evaM zAkAhAra' aMka HONY. EDITOR DR. ANUPAM JAIN Department of Mathematics, gaNita vibhAga zAsakIya holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, Govt. Holkar Autonomous Science College, indaura - 452017 bhArata INDORE-452017 INDIA 0731-2787790, 2545421 E.mail: anupamjain3@rediffmail.com akTUbara - disambara 2002 October-December 2002 prakAzaka devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa- kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura 452001 (ma.pra.) PUBLISHER DEOKUMAR SINGH KASLIWAL President - Kundakunda Jnanapitha 584, M.G. Road, Tukoganj, INDORE-452 001 (M.P.) INDIA (0731) 2545744, 2545421 (0) 2434718, 2539081, 2454987 (R)

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sampAdaka maMDala/Editorial Board varSa 2001 evaM 2002 pro. lakSmI candra jaina Prof. Laxmi Chandra Jain sevAnivRtta prAdhyApaka - gaNita evaM prAcArya Retd. Professor-Mathematics & Principal jabalapura - 482002 Jabalpur-482002 pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta Prof. Radha Charan Gupta sampAdaka - gaNita bhAratI, Editor-Ganita Bharati, jhAMsI-284003 Jhansi-284003 pro. pArasamala agavAla Prof. Parasmal Agrawal rasAyana bhautikI samUha, rasAyana zAstra vibhAga Chemical Physics Group, Dept. of Chemistry oklehomA vizvavidyAlaya, Oklehoma State University, sTilavATara OK74078 USA Stillwater OK 74078 USA DaoN. tavAo hAyAzI Dr. Takao Hayashi vijJAna evaM abhiyAMtrikI zAdha saMsthAna, Science & Tech. Research Institute, dozIzA vizvavidyAlaya, Doshisha University, kyoTo..610--03 jApAna Kyoto-610-03 Japan zrI sUrajamala bobarA Shri Surajmal Bobra nidezaka- jJAnodaya bAlezana Director-Jnanodaya Foundation indaura - 452003 Indore-452003 DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'manuja' Dr. Mahendra Kumar Jain 'Manuj' zodhAdhikArI - siri bhUvalaya pariyojanA Research Officer - Siri Bhuvalaya Project indaura -- 452001 Indore-452001 ----- sampAdakIya patrAcAra kA patA DaoN. anupama jaina Dr. Anupam Jain 'jJAna chAyA', 'Gyan Chhaya', DI- 14, sudAmA nagara, D-14, Sudama Nagar, indaura-452009 Indore-452009 phona/phaiksa : 0731-2787790 Ph./Fax : 0731-2787790 sadasyatA zulka / SUBSCRIPTION RATES vyaktigata saMsthAgata videza INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONAL FOREIGN antotan / Annual ru./Rs. 125%D00 ru./Rs. 250=00 U.S.S 25%3D00 10 varSa hetu /10 Years ru./Rs. 1000=00 ru./Rs. 1000%D00 U.S. $ 250 = 00 sahayogI sadasya ru./Rs. 2100=00 ru./Rs. 2100=00 U.S. $ 500 = 00 purAne aMka rAjilda phAIloM meM ru. 500.00/U.S. 50.00 prati varSa kI dara se sImita mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| sadasyatA evaM vijJApana zulka ke ma.A./ceka / DrAphTa kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke nAma deya hI preSita kreN| indaura ke bAhara ke ceka ke sAtha kalekzana cArja ru. 25/- atirikta jor3akara bhejeN| lekhakoM dvArA vyakta vicAroM ke liye ve svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| sampAdaka athavA sampAdaka) maNDala kA unase sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| isa patrikA se koI bhI Alekha punarmudrita karate samaya patrikA ke sambaddha aMka kA ullekha avazya kreN| sAtha hI sambaddha aMka kI eka (prati bhI hameM preSita kreN| samasta vivAdoM kA nipaTArA indaura nyAyAlayIna kSetra meM hI hogaa| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002 arhat vacana / kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaur| ( anukrama / INDEX ahiMsA evaM zAkAhAra ko samarpita vyaktitva - DaoN. nemIcanda jaina - DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina, indaura sampAdakIya : guNAtmakatA - Aja kI AvazyakatA lekha / ARTICLES Environment, Life Ethics and Jain Religion O Dr. N. P. Jain, Indore AtaMkavAda kA manovijJAna evaM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI prAsaMgikatA - DaoN. saroja koThArI, indaura ahiMsA kI vaijJAnika AvazyakatA aura unnati ke upAya - ajita jaina 'jalaja', kakaravAhA kITa hatyA : kAraNa, prabhAva tathA bacAva 0 ajita jaina 'jalaja' kakaravAhA ahiMsA itihAsa ke Aloka meM D rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, gvAliyara jaina saMskRti aura paryAvaraNa 0 DaoN. vinoda kumAra tivArI, rosar3A mAMsAhAra aura Adhunika vijJAna 0 DaoN. jagadIzaprasAda, meraTha The Jaina Hagiography and the Satkhandagama O Dr. Bhuvanendra Kumar, Mississauga, Canada SaTkhaMDAgama aura dhavalA, jayadhavalA, mahAdhavalA Adi TIkAe~ - DaoN. gulAbacanda jaina, vidizA baDoha paThArI ke prAcIna jinAlayoM kA jaina sAMskRtika dharAtala 0 DaoN. gulAbacanda jaina, vidizA jaina darzana kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi 0 rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, gvAliyara jaina paramparA se jur3I mAyA sabhyatA 0 DaoN. je. DI. jaina, jayapura arhata vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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TippaNiyA~ / SHORT NOTES zAkAhAra aura svAsthya rakSA para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza D AryikA RddhizrI, saMghastha dhruvakSetra aMTArkaTikA meM zAkotpAdana evaM zAkAhAra manojakumAra jaina 'nirlipta', alIgar3ha agnihotra kriyA O manmatha pATanI, indaura naI mAMsa yojanA asvIkRta 4 - ciraMjIlAla bagar3A, kolakAtA vismayakArI rahasyamayI krApasarkalsa O manmatha pATanI, indaura azoka stambha kI saMracanA meM jainadharma kA prabhAva - DaoN. zItalakumAra evaM DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina, vArANasI saMgrahAlayoM meM jaina pratIkoM kI bhrAmaka prastutiyA~ DaoN. sneharAnI jaina, sAgara 'jIvana kyA hai ?' para zaMkA samAdhAna AkhyA / REPOTS - DaoN. anilakumAra jaina, ahamadAbAda jaina zrAvakAcAra para rASTrIya vidvat saMgoSThI, lakhanaU, 15 - 16 agasta 2002 O DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina, lakhanaU pustaka samIkSAe~ / BOOK REVIEWS RSikalpa (DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina smRti grantha) O DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura zodha prabandha sArAMza jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma kA svarUpa anupamA chAjer3a, indaura gatividhiyA~ mata- abhimata lekhakoM hetu sandeza General Instructions to Authors mukhapRSTha citra paricaya 85 87 91 94 95 97 99 101 103 104 105 107 113 115 116 8 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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DaoN. nemIcanda jaina janma : 3.12.1927 nidhana : 8.8.2001 dation International

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DaoN. nemIcandajI jaina ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra ke liye samarpita vyaktitva bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI DaoN. nemIcanda jaina ko sAdhAraNata: dekha kara koI nahIM kaha sakatA ki ve kavi, lekhaka, patrakAra, cintaka, zikSaka, bhASA vijJAnI, samAja aura mAnavatA ke sacce sevaka haiN| moTI khAdI kA kurtA-pAjAmA, kiztI numA TopI, kaMdhe para jholA aura jhole meM kucha sAhitya, pairoM meM nAyalona yA kapaDe kI cappala yA jUte dekhakara koI nahIM kaha sakatA ki ve bahumukhI vyaktitva vAle vyakti haiN| isa choTe se Alekha meM unake vyaktitva ko sameTa pAnA duSkara kArya hai, phira bhI thor3A bahuta prakAza DAlate hue maiM unake ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra ke prati samarpaNa ko hI rekhAMkita karane kA prayAsa kara rahA huuN| 'sAdA jIvana ucca vicAra' ke sUtra ko pUrNa rUpeNa AtmasAta karane vAle DaoN. sAhaba kI sAdagI kA saMketa to uparokta paMktiyoM meM mila gayA hogA, aba unake vyaktitva ke pratyeka AyAma meM unake ucca vicAroM kI jhalaka dRSTavya hai| ve kevala peze se hI nahIM, pUrNa samarpita adhyApaka the| zikSA ke kSetra meM rAjanIti ke bar3hate hue hAtha ke ve virodhI the, isa dizA meM unakI saMpAdakIya meM unhoMne kAphI prakAza DAlA hai| eka bhASAvid hote hue bhI ve bhASAI durAgrahoM ke pakSadhara nahIM the| ve likhate haiM 'kevala bhASAI durAgrahoM ke kAraNa sArA vAtAvaraNa hI viSAkta ho gayA hai|' unhoMne rAjenatAoM ko AgAha kiyA hai ki ve bhUgola para apane bhASAI durAgraha ko na thopeM / kisI bhI rAjya kI sImA kA AdhAra bhASA kI apekSA sAMskRtika, prAntIya athavA rASTrIya honA caahiye| eka cintaka hone ke kAraNa ve sAmAjika cintana ke duSprabhAva ko baradAzta nahIM kara pAte the| ve kahate haiM - 'Aja AdamI kA cintana lakavA grasta hai| kahane kA DhaMga lambA caur3A aura lubhAvanA hai para kathya baunA hai|' rAjanItijJoM se ve kahate haiM ki * samAjavAdI samAja racanA kI bAta karate karate hama dinoMdina asAmAjika hote jA rahe haiN|' Aja sattA ke suvidhAbhogI hone para vyaMga karate hue ve kahate haiM ki 'koI bhI rASTra subhItoM se nahIM, saMgharSo se banatA hai|' 'saMyogoM kI anivAryatA ke bhrama ne hamAre sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika yA vaiyaktika jIvana ko pecIdA aura dUSita banA diyA hai|' jaba koI vyakti sevA yA janahita ke kArya karatA hai taba sAdhana svayaM usake caraNa sparza karane pahu~cate haiN| yahI nahIM patrakAra kI bhUmikA ko bhI rekhAMkita karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vaha deza kI tamAma arAjakatAoM para aMkuza bane aura loka caritra kI vastuniSThA niSpakSa, niDara hokara samIkSA kre| ahiMsA ko sabhI dharmoM meM parama dharma mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM to usakI sUkSmatama vyAkhyA karate hue rAgAdi bhAvoM ko bhI hiMsA kahA gayA hai| sabhI ko apane prANa pyAre haiM aura sabhI sukha cAhate haiN| tabhI to hameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'jiyo aura jIne do' kA sUtra diyaa| para Aja vaha mAtra nArA bana kara raha gayA hai| vizva meM cAroM aura hiMsaka tANDava ho rahA hadeM lAMghatI hiMsA hameM jarA bhI vicalita nahIM kara pA rahI hai| yaha ThIka hI kahA hai itanA kahakara hama ghara meM to nahIM baiTha yaha udAsInatA bhI to utanI hI akSamya hai| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 - ki isake liye rAjanIti jimmedAra hai| para skte| hamArI ahiMsA aura karUNA ke prati LO 5

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jIne kA haka saba ko hai, para Aja manuSya ne vizva jijIviSA ko cunautI dI hai| zarIra poSaNa ke nAma para, rasanA kI lolupatA mAMsAhAra ko bar3hAvA mila rahA hai| sarakAra bhI mIDiyA ke mAdhyama se usakA khula kara pracAra kara rahI hai, DAlara kI bhUkha ne use aMdhA banA diyA hai| videzoM ko bar3hate mAMsa ke niryAta se hone vAlI hAni se hamArI sarakAra bekhabara hai| vaha kRSi evaM katlakhAne meM koI antara hI nahIM kara rahI hai, dhar3Adhar3a katlakhAne khula rahe haiN| DaoN. sAhaba ne hamArI A~kheM kholane ke liye 'mAMsa niryAta 100 satya', 'katlakhAne 100 tathya', 'aNDA - jahara hI jahara', aNDA - 100 tathya', 'katlakhAnoM kA narka', 'hiMsA katla krUratA' Adi kaI pustakeM atyanta sarala aura sarasa bhASA meM likhI haiN| yahI nahIM unhoMne katlakhAnoM ko bhUkampa kA kAraNa nirUpita karane vAlI vaijJAnika pustaka bhI likhI hai| pazcimI saMskRti kI nakala se bar3ha rahI phaizana kI dIvAnagI ke liye bhI 'bekasUra prANiyoM ke khUna meM sane hamAre barbara zauka' jaisI kitanI hI mana ko hilAne vAlI pustakeM likhI haiN| - unakA mAnanA hai ki yaha hamArI saMskRti para krUra, barbara, nirmama, badahavAsa hamalA hai| hameM ahiMsA, karUNA aura saha astitva kI puna: pratiSThA karanI pdd'egii| unhoMne zAkAhAra ko ahiMsaka jIvana zailI nirUpita karate hue zAkAhAra kI guNavattA, zAkAhAra blU prinTa, zAkAhAra hI kyoM ?, Adi pustakoM meM vaijJAnika mahatvapUrNa AdhAroM para zAkAhAra kI vakAlata kI hai| ina choTI-choTI pustakoM, romAMcaka dAstAnoM ke mAdhyama se hameM pazu-pakSiyoM, kITa-pataMgoM tathA anya sabhI prANiyoM ke prati karuNA aura sadvyavahAra kI acchI zikSA dI hai| yahI nahIM, 'zAkAhAra krAMti' aura 'tIrthaMkara' mAsika patroM kI sampAdakIya ke mAdhyama se Apane vigata 15 varSoM meM zAkAhAra kI dizA meM pragati ke sAtha sAtha isa abhiyAna meM Aye utAra car3hAva, cunautiyoM Adi kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| zAkAhAra ke itihAsa meM ye dastAvejI pRSTha hameM dizA darzana to deMge hI, sAtha hI zAkAhAra viSayaka sAhitya kI AdhArabhUta sAmagrI bhI pramANita hogii| 'zAkAhAra mAnava sabhyatA kI subaha' zIrSaka unakI kRti to isa viSaya kI pratinidhi pustaka hai| apanI kRtiyoM tathA sampAdakIya meM DAkTara sAhaba ne deza- videza kI patra-patrikAoM ke havAle se cUhoM ke vyaMjanoM kI lokapriyatA, nara zizuoM kA gozta parosane Adi kaI cauMkAne vAle tathya prastuta kiye hai| hameM DaoN. sA. kI kucha sIkhoM kI ora dhyAna denA hogA - ( 1 ) vijJAna ke ImAnadAra lokapriyakaraNa kI gati teja kareM, (2) dharma ko ukhar3ane na deM, (3) aMdhavizvAsoM, hiMsA, krUratA para baMdiza lagAyeM, (4) mAMsAhAra ke liye hone vAlI barbaratAoM aura krUratAoM ko avilamba rokeM, (5) jhUThe vijJApanoM kI anumati na deM, (6) ahiMsA ko sArvajanika jIvana ke antima tala taka pahu~cAyeM, (7) una vyaktiyoM ko, udyogoM, vyavasAyoM, pharmoM, abhikaraNoM Adi ko daNDita kareM jo sArvajanika jIvana meM hiMsA aura krUratA, katla aura raktapAta ko jabarana thopa rahe haiN| yahI unake prati hamArI saccI zraddhAMjali hogii| 6 # DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina sadasya - nidezaka maMDala, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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sampAdakIya ( (kandakanda jJAnapITha, indaura) ( ahet vacana / guNAtmakatA - Aja kI AvazyakatA arhata vacana varSa-14, aMka-4 prastuta karate hue hama harSita haiN| yaha hamAre mAnanIya lekhakoM evaM pAThako ke anavarata sahayoga kA pratiphala hai| varSa-14 kA yaha aMtima aMka ahiMsA, zAkAhAra evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ko apanA jIvana samarpita karane vAle hindI sAhitya evaM jaina darzana ke udbhaTa vidvAna sva. DaoN. nemIcanda jaina ko samarpita hai| DaoN. nemIcanda ne ahiMsA evaM zAkAhAra ke pracAra ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAyA phalata: hama unake mizana ke anurUpa prastuta aMka meM ahiMsA evaM zAkAhAra para vizeSa sAmagrI prakAzita kara rahe hai| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki sva. DaoN. nemIcandajI ke prati yahI saccI zraddhAMjali hai|| 18 akTUbara 1987 ko sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha ne apanI sthApanA ke 15 varSa pUrNa kara liye haiN| 1987 se 1995 taka prathama caraNa meM hamane AdhArabhUta savidhAoM ke vikAsa evaM prAthamika taiyAriyoM para jora diyA, phalata: 1995 meM hameM devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura se kalA evaM vijJAna saMkAya meM zodha kendra kI mAnyatA prApta huii| 1995 se 2002 ke dvitIya caraNa meM hamane apanI gatividhiyoM ko vistAra evaM unheM bahuAyAmI banAne para jora diyaa| aneka yojanAe~ evaM kAryakrama prArambha kiye| aneka saphala evaM kucha asaphala rhe| kucha pariyojanAe~ pUrNa tathA kucha apUrNa rhiiN| kintu pratyeka pariyojanA se hameM navIna jAnakAriyA~, anubhava evaM nayA sIkhane kA avasara prApta huaa| ina sabase hamArI rASTrIya pahacAna bnii| varSa 2003 se hama tRtIya caraNa prArambha karane jA rahe haiN| isa caraNa meM gata anubhavoM kA lAbha lekara hama apane kAryakramoM evaM yojanAoM kI guNAtmakatA para vizeSa jora deNge| isakI zuruAta hama arhata vacana se kara rahe haiN|arht vacana ke vizeSAMka ke prakAzana ke samaya (sitambara -88) se aba paridRzya badala cukA hai| jahA~ zodha patrikAoM kI saMkhyA bar3hI hai, vahI unake raMga - rUpa, sAja-sajjA evaM viSayavastu meM bhI vyApaka parivartana AyA hai| parivartana kI isa prakriyA meM arhata vacana ke yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana hamAre sudhI pAThakoM ko hI karanA hai| varSa 2003 arthAt ahaMta vacana varSa-15 kA prathama aMka janavarI 2003 meM prakAzya hai| isa aMka meM hama gata 14 varSoM meM prakAzita lekhoM kI sUcI evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha kI gata 15 varSoM kI gatividhiyoM kA lekhA - jokhA prastuta kreNge| hama isa aMka meM arhat vacana meM adyatana prakAzita sAmagrI kI vibhinna rItiyoM se vargIkRta adhikAdhika jAnakArI prastuta karane kA prayAsa kara rahe hai| arhat vacana ke gata 14 varSoM ke vibhinna viSayoM ke niSNAta lekhakoM ke pate bhI upalabdhatAnusAra prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| phalata: yaha aMka zodhArthiyoM ke liye eka bahamUlya dastAveja bana sakegA, aisA hameM vizvAsa hai| arhata vacana ke AgAmI aMkoM meM prakAzya sAmagrI kI guNAtmakatA meM vRddhi hetu hama pUrva ghoSita katipaya prAvadhAnoM para eka bAra puna: mAnanIya lekhakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kara rahe haiN| prastuta aMka ke pR 115 evaM 116 para hama hindI evaM aMgrejI meM lekhakoM ke liye anudeza puna: prakAzita kara rahe haiN| bhaviSya meM arhat vacana meM AlekhoM kA prakAzana ina anudezoM kA pAlana karane para hI saMbhava hogaa| isase mAnakIkaraNa karane evaM antarrASTrIya stara para arhata vacana meM prakAzita sAmagrI kI samIkSA (Reviewi saMbhava hogii| hamArA prayAsa isa patrikA ko antarrASTrIya mAnakoM ke anurUpa le jAnA hai| hameM AzA hI nahIM apitu arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki jaina vidyA ke adhyetA zodhakoM kA pUrNa sahayoga hameM prApta hogaa| hama svayaM bhI arhat vacana ke pratyeka aMka ko samaya para prakAzita karane, prakAzanArtha prApta sAmagrI kI mUlyAMkana/samIkSA avadhi kucha mAha taka sImita karane, prakAzana avadhi ko kama karane hetu apanI pratibaddhatA vyakta karate haiN| varSa 2001 evaM 2002 meM prakAzana hetu prApta prakAzanAdhIna / samIkSAdhIna kintu amAnakIkRta sAmagrI hama mAnanIya lekhakoM ko isa Agraha ke sAtha sakheda preSita kara rahe haiM ki ve navIna ghoSita prArUpa meM saMyojita kara 2 pratiyoM meM ise puna: preSita karane kA kaSTa kreN| hama prAthamikatA ke AdhAra para unake prakAzana kA nirNaya kara yathAzIghra sUcanA preSita kreNge| arhat vacana meM prakAzanArtha akAdamika sUcanAyeM, AkhyAe~ saMkSipta rUpa meM yathAsaMbhava sacitra preSita kreN| vigata 14 varSoM meM apanA nispRha sahayoga pradAna karane vAle sampAdaka maMDala ke mAnanIya sadasyoM, di. jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa ke TrasTiyoM, vijJa lekhakoM evaM sudhI pAThakoM ke prati hama kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM evaM AzA karate haiM ki prastAvita parivartanoM ke antargata bhI hameM unakA yatheSTa sahayoga milatA rhegaa| hama vizeSa rUpa se jJAnapITha ke adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla, nidezaka pro. e. e. abbAsI evaM koSAdhyakSa zrI ajitakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla ke prati AbhAra jJApita karate haiM, jinake samarpaNa kA hI pratiphala hai arhat vacana kA niyamita prakAzana / pAThakoM kI pratikriyAoM kA sadaiva svAgata hai| 10.12.02 DaoN. anupama jaina 8 mukhapRSTha citra paricaya sakkarA (mizra) meM 26802565 I.pU. kI yaha baiThI huI pratikRti hamArA dhyAna barabasa AkRSTa karatI hai| bhArata aura mizra ke prAcIna sudRr3ha sandarbhoM ke prakAza meM isa kRti para vicAra kiyA jAnA caahiye| yaha mAnyatA hai ki isa vyakti ne mizra meM lekhana kA sUtrapAta kiyA padmAsana mudrA meM baiThA yaha zilpa bhAratIya avadhAraNAoM ke anusAra hai mUrti kA digambaratva va zarIra va sira kA sIdhApana jaina muniyoM kA pratirUpa najara AtA hai| kisI bhI vaidika aura mizrI avadhAraNA meM namna mudrA kA calana nahIM haiM kintu jaina paramparA meM nagna mudrA prArambha se hI pracalita hai| yadyapi isa zilpa ke sAtha jaina yA bhramaNa zabda kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai, kintu zilpI sandarbha meM ise jaina hI maaneNge| yadi hama zilpa ke banAvaTa (Physiognomical) para bhI dhyAna deM to vaha bhAratIya jaina mudrA ke siddha hote haiN| isI sandarbha meM je. Ara. eMthropolAjI insTITyUTa meM 1927 meM apanI adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM pI. ke. ne kahA 'mizra ke rAjA na kevala anna (gehUM va bArlI) kA AyAta bhArata se karate the varan kuzala zilpiyoM kA bhI AyAta karate the| mizra kI tIsarI pIr3hI ke rAjA josara (Djosar) (2780-2762 I.pU.) ke kAla meM aise AyAtoM ke sandarbha haiN| sandarbha : The Aryan History of Vedic Period, lekhaka K. C. Aryan and S. Aryan, pR. 201203 sUrajamala bobarA sadasya- saMpAdaka maMDala arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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Vol. 14, No. 4, 2002, 9-14 ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda Jnanapitha, Indore Environment, Life Ethics and Jain Religion Dr. N.P. Jain * Historic Opportunity for Revitalising Culture of Life Ethics The Millennium world peace summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders taking place at the United Nations symbolises a historic opportunity for sharing a vibrant culture of peace and justice for all living beings as well as the natural environment. It is time for the input of spiritual vision and respect for ecological equilibrium to permeate our lives and deeds in order to stem the rot created by violent, reckless and exploitative mismanagement of earth's resources for human greed. Mahatma Gandhi, the 20th Century apostle of Non-violence used to say: "The earth has enough for everyone's need But not enough for everyone's greed" The human community needs to take a collective initiative through the fellowship of world's religions and with the support of United Nations to forge an alliance between Science, Development, Preservation of environment and Spiritualism. Human ingenuity must be reinforced by revitalised culture of life - ethics & morality. Total earth environment has to be changed for the better to promote "Socially beneficial, peace fosterning and nature - friendly way of life". Spiritual ecological thinking alone can revitalise the divine web of interdependence not only in relations among human beings of different colour, caste, creed and social moorings pursuing different faiths, ideologies and religions, but also in relations of humanity with its ecological co-partners viz, all other living species and the natural environment of air, water, land and space. Lord Mahavira Preached 2600 Years Ago! "One who disregards the existence of earth, water, fire, air and vegetation disregards one's own existence which is entwined with them" The aim should be to change the inner orientation, value - system and the whole mentality of the people at individual as well as community levels through a commonly agreed inter-faith plan of action inspired by what Jain Philosophy aptly describes as "Purasparopagraho Jivanama" meaningmutually supportive coexistence among all living species. * Former Ambassador & Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs. Res.: E-50, Saket, indore - 452001

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supportive coexistence among all living species. Relevance of Jain Philosophy to Contemporary Environmental Crisis In an increasingly environment conscious, tension - ridden and harmony - hungry world, humanity is beginning to realise the significance of adopting as a way of life the three fundamental tenets of Jainism viz. Ahimsa (Non-violence), Anekunta (Non-absolutism) and Aparigraha (Non-possession). In essence Jainism is Ecology and Ecology is Jainism. (1) NON-VIOLENCE (AHIMSA) : There is increasing awareness of the relevance of the Jain concept of "Active Non-violence" for universal sustainability. In Jain scripture, active Non-violence implies that: "A person should not act sinfully towards other living beings, nor cause others to act so, nor allow others to act so". Non-violence is not limited to the stoppage of war and bloodshed. It must also stop human arrogance towards nature. In no other religions have thought action and expression covered together for non-violent behaviour and for evolving and environmental code of ethics that permeates every aspects of Jain Life. Mahatma Gandhi who drew inspiration from Jain Religion has observed : "No religion of the world has explained the principle of non-violence as systematically and comprehensively in its applicability to life as Jainism". Jain Philosophy puts Non-violence at the pedastal of "Supreme Religion" - not simply in terms of an idealised thought process but equally as an action plan for orienting, day-to-day life at the individual, societal, national and international level for promoting harmony, accommodation, tolerance and compassion and eradicating animosity, hatred, intolerance, cruelty and exploitation (2) NON-ABSOLUTISM (ANEKANTA): The culture of relativity in thinking brings about appreciation of multi-dimensional reality and sympathetic understanding of other related interpretations of facts, situations and events. Anekanta stimulates synthesis, open-minded unbiased understanding and harmonisation of different points of view. It strengthens in individuals and societies the fibre of tolerance, accommodation reconciliation and peace. (3) NON POSSESSION (APARIGRAHA) : Aparigraha inculcates the culture of need in place of greed, of avoiding wasteful consumption and unbridled pursuit of materialistic pleasures, and of voluntary self-restraint and discipline in utilising nature's resources. Non-violence is incomplete without voluntary curb on human extravagence. 10 Arhat Vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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The above three tenets form an integrated whole with non-absolutism and non-possession reinforcing non-violence. Non-violence strengthens the autonomy of life of every being, non-absolutism strengthens the autonomy of thoughts of every individual and non-possession strengthens the interdependence of all the existence. The three together go to fortify the foundation of peace and equanimity. Non - Violence : Earth is the only planet endowed with marvellous variety of forms of life and with an atmosphere, soils, forests, rivers and oceans. This splendid heritage can be preserved only through global commitment to the culture of non-violence. Wanton destruction and reckless exploitation of natural resources must cease. Time has come to bid farewell to the cult of violence which threatens to terrorize us all out of our very existence. Jain scripture "Acaranga" describes : "Non-violence is a thing for universal benefit" in inter-faith cooperation for better environment, common ground can and should be identified for initiating practical programmes to increase the practice of non-violence in day-to-day life of human beings at individual, collective, national and global levels. Here are some illustrative steps that need to be taken and multiplied : (1) The Millennium Peace Summit should call for the preamble of U.N. Charter to be amended to include as a basic objective "Promotion of a global culture of Non-violence among all living species and nature". Such a commitment could also be incorporated in the constitutions/policy documents of different countries or special resolutions of their parliaments. This step would make for a stimulating start. (2) World-wide education in the culture of non-violence and training for peace should be organised. All major universities should include it in their syllabi. Education in non-violence in schools, and research at Universities with particular attention paid for educating women and the youth would develop a yearning and a mental make up for reverence of life based on equanimity, tolerance, sobriety and compassion. Inspired by Late Rev. Acarya Tulsi, Jain Vishwa Bharati Institute (deemed University) at Ladnun near Jaipur (India) is running a two year degree course in Non-violence and frequently organises special short term workshops concentrating upon. (a) change of heart, (b) change of attitude, (c) change of life style, (d) change of system and (e) meditation and yoga (Preksa Dhyana). Arhat Vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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International Seminars are also being organised inviting prominent educationists, exponents of non-violence environment, ecology and social reforms. Special training courses on life science culture have been organised for school teachers for all age groups of students. These are becoming very popular and educative for Jains & Non-Jains alike. The courses are secular. spiritual and ethical and there is no religions connotation given to them. 12 Such programme deserve international recognition and encouragement. It would be a good idea if under U.N. auspices an International Conference/Seminar is organised on education and training for Non-violence and its abiding relevance to both inner as well as outer environment. Institutions like the U.N. University for peace at Costa Rica could also usefully include non-violence in their training and teaching programmes. UNESCO could take a lead in publishing series of books in all major languages of the world on folklores and folktales of different countries and mythological stories from different religions depicting love for peace and dedication to the concept of "live and let live". (3) Promotion of vegetarianism can be a very visible and effective form. of practising active non-violence. For Jains it is an intergral element. of the practice of active non-violence. Trend towards vegetarianism is already visible, but encouragement to voluntary enbrace of vegetarianism at this summit may prove extremely helpful. Vegetarianism has distinct spiritual, ethical and environmental connotation. Renowned experts have also testified to the nutritious and health-energising content of vegetarian diet. Unrestrained Non-vegetarianism is anti-environment as it involves merciless killing of innocent, voiceless and defenceless animals and birds at slaughter houses and rearing of animals exclusively to provide food for human consumption as it they are a food crop without any soul, emotions or sentiments. Already it is feared that 25% of earth's total biological diversity is at serious risk of extinction. If this continues, it would lead to a dangerous disturbance for the worse in the ecological balance. We are killing the masterpieces of life on the planet and destroying life support system. Jain Guru Chitrabhanu has converted many Americans to vegetarianism over a period of three decades. Jain Acarya Chandanaji at Virayatana (Rajgiri) (near birth place of Lord Mahavira - Kundalpur) in Bihar State of India has persuaded a large number of tribals to give up eating meat and take to a vegetarian diet. Entire State of Gujarat became vegetarian since 1133 A.D. when the then King Kumarpal developed vegetarian culture under influence of Jain religion. Such programmes can be very usefully multiplied in all the continents. After all John Robinson has rightly observed: Arhat Vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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"A non-violent world has roots in a non-violent diet" Let us remember that among animal lovers and vegetarians have been great philosophers, artists, statesman and mathematicians like pythogoras, Plutarch, Plato, Socrates, Leonardo de Vincy. Leo Tolstoy, George Bernard Shaw, Annie Besant, Albert Schweitzer, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi & Vinoba Bhave. It is time to stop trading in meat-importing or exporting it. It is time to close down slaughter houses. It is time to give up making our stomaches a grave yard of dead animals. Time has come for the United Nations to recognise and protect" the right to life". World campaign for vegetarianism should take the line that vegetarianism makes eating a pure delight and celebration of communion with life and its natural environment. Imagine the waste of resources through feeding animals on vegetables and dead meat in order to provide them as non-vegetarian food for humans, when more rationally humans and animals could all share nature's bounty of fruits and vegetables to survive and grow. A lot of fruits and vegetables is perishing daily unused all over the world. (4) Measures need to gain global momentum to control violence towards nature Earth is rapidly being plundered and forest cover is rapidly disappearing. In U.S.A. alone since 1960 the rate of deforestations as been one acre every second. Central America which had 1,30,000 sq. miles of rain forests in 1960 is now left with hardly 80,000 sq. miles cover. Air and water is getting heavily polluted, march of desert continues, global warming is. affecting agriculture. If we do not judicious conserve and develop our water resources, 21 st Century may well face a global water crisis. What is called for is dynamic sustainable development complementary to preservation of environment. At the same time. environmental movement should not become anti-development particularly in developing countries. In major Jain pilgrimage countries. on hill tops continuous afforestation and development of natural habitat is going on. Worldwide joint community and inter-faith programmes are required to promote reafforestation of denuded lands on hill tops plateaus and plains. (5) Global concern must manifest itself in protecting animal and bird life. Jain Red Temple in New Delhi (India) has for years been running a bird clinic with great impact. Near Jain Temple at Halore (Jamnagar), Gujarat (India), a big cow shelter centre is flourishing which welcomes ailing cows for treatment and nourishment. Many such centres in India enjoy generous support of Jain Philanthropists. Arhat Vacana, 14(4). 2002 13

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Hunting for pleasures is gambling with life and a ban on it at global level would send the right signal for conservation of world's diversity at local community levels. Non-possession: Jain philosophy of "Aparigraha" (attitude and practice of non-possession, non-attachment and voluntary abstinence) encourages the restraint in consumption and limitation of wants. The culture of unrestrained and wasteful consumption in affluent societies is a sinful violence and must be halted. (1) In the Jain way of life, periodic fasting is common. Fasting from one to several days without intake of any food keeps a person physically in control and spiritually more motivated. We should consider calling for community fasting atleast for one day each month as a step towards conservation of earth's limited resources. (2) The world community should encourage voluntary renunciation of such items of daily use as may involve killing of animals and birds. This is in line with growing international campaign against items like wink furs, shantoosh shawls or leather goods. (3) An awareness campaign needs to launched all over the world to ensure that at wedding and other festivities, there is no waste of food and that the individuals develop the culture of not leaving any left overs in their plates. "Waste not want not" should be widely propagated. Mother Teresa used to lay considerable stress on this and she used to collect left overs for distribution to the needy and the hungry. Jain Religion offers the comprehensive concept of "active non-violence" becoming a life force for promoting ethical, aesthetic and biological harmony and ecological equilibrium. This approach and attitude is of immense and urgent relevance to the world at large a world dominated by over 6 billion human species who are rapidly sapping the earth's biological and environmental vitality and resource strength. Robert Muller an ardent globalist echoed Jain Philosophy in his poem. 14 Received: 18.01.02 "Know this planet love this planet care for this planet For you come from Mother earth You are made of her elements You are the earth become conscious of herself Her mind and heart" Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 15 - 24 AtaMkavAda kA manovijJAna evaM ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kI prAsaMgikatA -DaoN. saroja koThArI* sArAMza hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda Aja mAnava samAja ke lie abhizApa bane hue haiN| AtaMkavAda hiMsA ke per3a para lagA phala hai va isakI jar3e krodha, kAmavAsanA, ghRNA, dveSa aura ApasI duzmanI meM haiN| AtaMkavAda zabda sunate hI zarIra meM siharana mahasUsa hone lagatI haiN| isa zabda meM hI bhaya chapA huA hai| Aja AtaMkavAda vizvavyApI samasyA bana cukA haiM, AtaMkavAda sabhI rASTroM kI asmitA ke lie khatarA bana cukA haiN| manovaijJAnikoM ne AtaMkavAda ke manovijJAna ko prastuta kiyA haiN| mastiSka ke kucha bhAga va hArmona kA strAva AkrAmakatA ke liye uttaradAyI haiN| mRtyu mUla pravRtti hI AtaMkavAdiyoM dvArA pradarzita hiMsA kA kAraNa haiN| AkrAmakatA sadaiva kisI kuMThA kA pariNAma hotI haiM aura kuMThA sadaiva AkrAmakatA ko janma detI haiN| AkrAmakatA yA hiMsA sIkhA gayA vyavahAra haiN| jaba koI vyakti svayaM ko vaMcita mahasUsa karatA hai to nirAzAvaza vaha AtmaghAtI AtaMka kI zaraNa meM calA jAtA haiN| AMtakavAdiyoM meM viziSTa vyaktitva guNa maujUda hote haiM inameM vidhvaMsa va niraMkuzatA kI pravRtti prabala hotI haiN| AMtakavAdI samUha va saMgaThana kucha viziSTa vizeSatAoM se yukta hote haiN| saMsAra meM jaba AtaMkavAda kA tAMDava najara A rahA hai taba aisI dazA meM zAMti kI khoja karanA svAbhAvika haiN| manovaijJAnikoM ne ahiMsA ke manovijJAna kA ullekha kiyA haiN| svIkRti prApta karane kI icchA, ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha kI zreSThatA tathA anukaraNa kI prakriyA ke kAraNa hI vyakti ahiMsaka pravidhi ko apanAtA haiN| vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAyA gayA ahiMsA kA siddhAMta prAsaMgika haiN| "jIo aura jIne do" ke saMdeza ko AtmasAta karane para hI hiMsA ke tAMDava ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| hiMsA eka bhAvanAtmaka bImArI hai| vaha mAnava kI mAnasika asvasthatA kA paricAyaka hai| mAnava ko svastha rakhane ke liye Avazyaka hai ahiMsA kA prshikssnn| zAMti mAnava kI naisargika avasthA haiN| mAnava astitva ke tamAma gauravazAlI adhyAya zAMti ke nAma darja hai, yuddha ke nAma nhiiN| manuSya ke zreSThatama gaNa zAMti ke daurAna hI ubharakara Ate haiN| yuddha bhUmi meM laharAte kisI bhI zastra kI camaka se adhika ojasvI hotA hai zAMti ke eka-eka kaNa meM pravAhita prkaash| ata: hiMsaka pravRtti ko tyAgakara ahiMsA kA mArga apanAnA hI vizvazAMti kI dRSTi se zreSTha hai| * sahAyaka prAdhyApaka - manovijJAna, zAskIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, indaura -452017 (ma.pra.) nivAsa - 117, kaMcanabAga, indaura - 452001

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AtaMkavAda - apane uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie hiMsaka, alokatAMtrika, amAnavIya tathA avaidha tarIkoM kA prayoga kara manuSya meM AtaMka phailAnA hI AtaMkavAda haiN| AtaMka kA artha bhaya utpanna karanA haiN| bhaya utpanna karake apane uddezyoM kI pUrti karanA hI AtaMkavAda haiN| vizva ke rAjanaitika - sAmAjika jIvana meM AtaMkavAda naI ghaTanA nahIM hai| sarvocca aura zaktizAlI logoM kA yahI darzana thA "hameM jo cAhiye hama use kisI bhI kImata para, kisI bhI sUrata meM haoNsila karake rhegeN| aura unakI kArya praNAlI thI 'kucha ko aisI sajA do, jo lAkhoM meM Dara vyApta kara de|" inasAiklopIDiyA oNpha sozala sAiMseja meM AtaMkavAda kA ullekha isa prakAra hai - "AtaMkavAda ke dvArA eka saMgaThita samUha yA dala hiMsA ke kramabaddha upayoga dvArA apane sunizcita lakSyoM ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai mRtyu aura vinAza usakI yojanA ke aMga hote haiN|" bhArata ke itihAsa meM hiraNyakazyapa aura kaMsa ne, mugalakAla meM caMgeja khA~, nAdirazAha aura auraMgajeba ne logoM ko AtaMkita karane ke liye AtaMkavAda ko hathiyAra ke rUpa meM apnaayaa| samaya parivartana ke sAtha Aja rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dArzanika vicAradhArAtmaka yA dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie AtaMkavAda prayoga meM lAyA jA rahA haiN| ikkIsavIM sadI meM mAnavatA ke liye abhizApa bane AtaMkavAda ne saMpUrNa vizva ke sAmane kar3I cunautiyA~ khar3I kara dI haiN| Aja AtaMkavAdI na sirpha topoM, baMdUkoM, hathagoloM va bamoM kA prayoga kara rahe haiM apitu aba jaivika yuddha kI AzaMkA bhI balazAlI ho rahI haiN| jaivika yuddha se tAtparya cecaka va plega ke vAyarasa se bane una khataranAka bamoM tathA gaisa se hai, jinake chor3e jAne se atyaMta saMkrAmaka, ghAtaka va jAnalevA roga tIvratA se phailate haiN| Ajakala mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra kA AtaMkavAda dRSTi gocara ho rahA haiM - yuddha AtaMka, damanAtmaka AtaMka, krAMtikArI AtaMka tathA upakrAMtikArI AtaMka (rAjanaitika tathA vaicArika uddezyoM ke liye kiye gaye kRty)| hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda Aja mAnava samAja ke liye abhizApa bane hue haiN| AtaMkavAda zabda sunate se hI siharana mahasUsa hone lagatI haiN| isa zabda meM hI bhaya chupA huA haiN| Aja AtaMkavAda vizvavyApI samasyA bana cukA haiM, AtaMkavAda sabhI rASTroM kI asmitA ke lie khatarA bana cukA haiN| AtaMkavAdI bala prayoga ko divyAstra mAnate haiM, tathA saMhAraka zakti kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| 11 sitambara - 2001 ko amerikA kI bhayAvaha, vIbhatsa tathA jhakajhora dene vAlI trAsadI isa bAta ko rekhAMkita karatI haiM ki tulanAtmaka rUpa se sAdhana vihIna caMda nirakuMza loga saMsAra ke sarvAdhika sampanna tathA sazastra mahAzakti ko asahAya evaM nirUpAya sAbita karane meM kisa saralatA se saphala hue| sArI sainya zakti, sArI takanIka va vijJAna, sAre astra - zastra, sArI guptacara praNAlI yUM hI dharI raha gii| bhArata ne paMjAba meM AtaMkavAda kI pIr3A sahI hai, kazmIra lagAtAra pAka-prAyojita AtaMkavAda kI vedanA sahana kara rahA hai, anya pradezoM meM bhI AtaMkavAda aMkurita, puSpita va pallavita ho rahA haiN| sitambara meM nyUyArka ke varlDa TreDa seMTara tathA peMTAgana sthita rakSA vibhAga para hae hamaloM ke pazcAta bhArata meM saMsada va amerikana seMTara para hae hamale AtaMkavAda kI jItI-jAgatI misAla haiN| 16 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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AtaMkavAda kA manovijJAna - vizva ke pratyeka vyakti ke dimAga meM Aja kaI prazna A rahe haiM Akhira AtaMkavAdI kyA cAhate haiM? bAra - bAra asaphala ho jAne para bhI vaha kauna sI tAkata hai jo unheM phira se AkramaNa ke liye prerita karatI hai? ina logoM meM Apasa meM ekatA kaise banI rahatI haiM? aisA kauna sA Avega yA unmAda haiM jo unake manobala ko U~cA banAye rakhatA haiM? manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra aise tIna pramukha tatva hai jo AtaMkavAda ke liye naitika dharAtala taiyAra karate haiN| isI dharAtala para AtaMkavAda sakriya hokara deza va rASTra ko vikhaMDita karatA haiN| yaha tIna tatva haiM dharma, bhASA aura jaati| AtaMkavAda ko inhIM tIna tatvoM se prANa vAyu milatI hai, aura usakA astitva banA rahatA haiN| AkrAmakatA tathA hiMsA se saMbaMdhita vizvavyApI samasyA "AtaMkavAda'' ke manovijJAna ko jAnatA nitAMta Avazyaka haiN| 1. jaivakIya siddhAMta - AkrAmakatA va hiMsA kA AtaMkavAda se aTTa saMbaMdha haiN| hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda Aja mAnava samAja ke liye abhizApa bane hue haiN| AtaMkavAda hiMsA ke per3a para lagA phala haiM va usakI jar3e krodha, AkrAmakatA, kAmavAsanA, ghRNA, dveSa aura ApasI duzmanI meM haiN| isa dizA meM hue adhyayanoM se yaha sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki AkrAmakatA va hiMsA kA saMbaMdha mastiSka se haiN| breDI va nATA (1953) ke anusAra limbika praNAlI kA AkrAmaka vyavahAra se saMbaMdha hotA haiN|' hesa va ekarTa (1955) ke anusAra hAyapothailemasa kA AkrAmakatA se saMbaMdha haiN| mastiSka ke emigaDAlA kA saMbaMdha AkrAmakatA aura Atma vidhvaMsakArI vyavahAroM se haiN| mekkAvI va jekalina (1980) ke anusAra AkrAmakatA kA saMbaMdha hArmona se hotA haiN| purUSoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA seksa hArmona enDrojana (TesTosTIrAna) hI AkrAmaka vyavahAra ke liye uttaradAyI haiN| jaivakIya siddhAMta ke anusAra AtaMkavAdiyo dvArA AkrAmaka va hiMsaka vyavahAra pradarzita karane kA kAraNa mastiSka ke vizeSa bhAga kA uddIpta honA yA purUSa seksa hArmona kA adhika strAva haiN| 2. mUla pravRtti siddhAMta - zarIra zAstrI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM ki hara iMsAna ke aMdara eka zaitAna aura hara nAyaka ke aMdara eka khalanAyaka chupA hotA haiM, jo agara hAvI ho jAye to natIjA aksara saMhAra meM nikalatA haiN| AtaMkavAdiyoM dvArA pradarzita AkrAmaka va hiMsaka vyavahAra janmajAta hotA haiN| phrAyaDa (1957) ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti meM do taraha kI mUla pravRtti pAI jAtI haiM - jIvana mUla pravRtti (iraoNsa) tathA mRtyu mUla pravRtti (thainettoNs)| jIvana mUla pravRtti se vyakti ko racanAtmaka kArya karane kI preraNA milatI haiM jabaki mRtyu mUla pravRtti se vidhvaMsAtmaka tathA AkrAmaka kArya karane kI preraNA prApta hotI haiN| mRtyu mUla pravRtti kI abhivyakti kI dizA aMtarmukhI yA bahirmukhI ho sakatI haiN| yadi dizA aMtarmukhI hogI to vyakti AtmahatyA kara sakatA haiM tathA yadi dizA bahirmukhI hogI to vyakti dUsaroM ke prati AkrAmaka vyavahAra pradarzita kara sakatA haiN|' apanI jAna kI paravAha kiye bagaira dUsaroM ko tabAha karane vAle AtaMkavAdiyoM meM (AtmAghAtI / mAnavabama) mRtyu mUla pravRtti kI hI pradhAnatA hotI haiN| inheM to jAna kI paravAha arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 17

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hI nahIM hotI haiM ataH inako jAna lene kA khaupha dikhAkara bhI DarAyA nahIM jA sakatA haiN| lorensa (1968) ke anusAra prANI svayaM ke astitva ko banAye rakhane ke lie AkrAmaka / hiMsaka vyavahAra pradarzita karatA haiN| prodyaugikI vikAsa ke kAraNa mAnava kI vidhvaMsAtmaka zakti meM vRddhi ho gayI haiM tathA niSedhAtmaka pravRtti meM kamI A gaI haiN| prANI meM AkrAmaka / hiMsaka pravRtti janmajAta hai, jaise hI vyakti ko bAhya uttejanA milatI hai vaha isa pravRtti ko abhivyakta karatA haiM / " 3. kuMThA AkrAmakatA siddhAMta DolArDa, DUba, milara, mAvarara tathA siyarsa ( 1939) ke anusAra "AkrAmakatA sadaiva kisI kuMThA kA pariNAma hotI hai " aura kuMThA sadaiva AkrAmakatA ko janma detI haiN|" kuMThA se Azaya lakSyonmukha vyavahAra meM bAdhA yA rUkAvaTa pahu~cane se haiN| vyakti tathA lakSya ke bIca bAdhA utpanna hone se vyakti nirAzA anubhava karatA hai| yahI kuMThA kI dazA haiN| lakSya prApti kI icchA prabala ho to bAdhA utpanna hone para kuMThA kI tIvratA bhI bar3ha jAtI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa AkrAmaka vyavahAra meM bhI vRddhi ho jAtI haiM kuMThA se utpanna AkrAmakatA kA pradarzana sIdhe usa vyakti yA vastu ke prati hotA haiM jo kuMThA utpanna karane ke liye uttaradAyI haiN| lekina yadi aisA saMbhava nahIM hai to AkrAmakatA kA visthApana bhI ho jAtA haiM arthAt AkrAmakatA kisI anya vyakti yA vastu ke prati pradarzita hotI haiN| - AtaMkavAdiyoM dvArA hiMsaka yA AkrAmaka vyavahAra pradarzita karane kA kAraNa kuMThA hai jo ki lakSya prApti meM bAdhA utpanna hone ke kAraNa paidA hotI haiN| 4. sAmAjika sIkhanA 18 - - AtaMkavAda ne Aja pUrI duniyA ko hilA kara rakha diyA haiM aura isI AtaMkavAda ne janma diyA haiM mAnava bama ko aisA ghAtaka bama jisakA tor3a Aja kI tArIkha taka nahIM bana payA haiN| mAnava bama ke mAmale meM liTTe duniyA kA sabase khUMkhAra saMgaThana hai|" eka dhamAkA, dila dahalA dene vAlA dhamakA, phira maca jAtI hai cIkha pukAra aura cAroM tarapha bikhare dikhAI dete haiM iMsAnI jisma ke cithar3e cithaDe / mAnava bama banAye jAne kA bhI apanA eka itihAsa hai yaha jApAnI bauddhoM kI dena mAnI jAtI haiM jaba jApAna meM bauddha dharma apane vikAsa ke lie saMgharSarata thA, tabhI dharma ke liye apane ko balidAna karane kA yaha vidhvaMsaka tarIkA apanAyA gyaa| mAnava bama kI asalI zurUAta 20 vIM sadI meM mAnI jAtI haiM jo okonAvA yuddha ke nAma se mazahUra haiN| isakA sabase krUratama rUpa dikhA nyUyArka ke varlDa TreDa seMTara para kiyA gayA havAI hamalA mAnava bama banAne kI prakriyA janma se hI zurU ho jAtI haiM jo mAtA-pitA liTTe ke samarthaka hote haiM ve apanA eka baccA liTTe ko samarpita kara dete haiM unheM bacapana se hI tamiloM para siMhaliyoM ke atyAcAra kI kathAe~ sunA sunAkara napharata ke bIja boye jAte haiN| baccA jaba dasa sAla kA hotA hai to use liTTe ko sauMpa diyA jAtA hai jahAM use pAMca sAla taka zArIrika tathA manovaijJAnika prazikSaNa diyA jAtA haiM usake bAda use do sAla taka zarIra meM visphoTaka bAMdhane kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai yaha duniyA kA sabase kaThora prazikSaNa hai Ajakala kaI jagaha AtaMkavAda kA prazikSaNa dene ke kendra sthApita ho cuke haiN| bAnDurA va vAlTarsa (1963) ke anusAra AkrAmaka / hiMsaka vyavahAra sIkhA gayA vyavahAra haiN| vyakti AkrAmaka vyavahAra ko sIkhatA hai sAtha hI yaha bhI sIkhatA hai ki kina kina arhata vacana, 14 (4), 2002 - -

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avasthAoM meM aisI anukriyA se vAMchita lakSya kI prApti meM madada milegii| bAnDurA ne AkrAmakatA ke tIna strotoM kA ullekha kiyA hai nirdeza prayAsa va bhUla tathA avalokana AkrAmaka vyavahAra ko kuMThita anubhava, nirdeza avalokana tathA protsAhana va puraskAra milane kI AzA se uttejanA milatI haiN| AkrAmaka yA hiMsaka vyavahAra yA to svayaM ko saMtoSa milane ke kAraNa yA bAhya puraskAra anumodana, kaSTa se mukti ke kAraNa balazAlI hotA hai| " AtaMkavAda ko bar3hAvA dene meM janasaMcAra ke mAdhyama jaise samAcAra patra, patrikAoM, philma, dUradarzana va iMTaraneTa kI bhI ahama bhUmikA haiN| 5. vaMcita samUha - mAnava nirmita paristhitiyoM hI AtaMkavAda kA AdhAra hotI haiN| jaba koI bhI mAnava samUha samAja meM adhika zikSA, saMpannatA, zakti yA saMkhyA ke AdhAra para adhika prabhAvazAlI bane samUha dvArA niraMtara pratAr3ita, vaMcita athavA damita hotA haiM, yA aisA mahasUsa karatA hai, jaba use apanI pIr3A kI abhivyakti se vaMcita kara diyA jAtA hai, use vizvAsa meM nahIM liyA jAtA hai evaM use nyAya pAne kI koI ummIda nahIM dikhAI detI haiM to nirUpAya, asahAya ho vaha nirAzAvaza AtmaghAtI AtaMkavAda kI zaraNa meM calA jAtA hai| jIvana yApana ke sAdhana, saMskRti, mAnyatA se balapUrvaka vaMcita hone vAlA samUha apane Apako nirmama atyAcAra kA zikAra mahasUsa karate hue AtaMkavAda kI ora AkarSita hotA hai|" 6. viziSTa vyaktitva AtaMkavAdiyoM meM kucha viziSTa vyaktitva guNa evaM pravRttiyA~ hotI haiN| ve ahaM - pratirakSAtmaka prakSepaNa kA bahutAyata se prayoga karate haiN| ve apanI vyaktigata nyUnatAoM aura akSamatAoM kA kAraNa bAhyajagata yA bAhya vyaktiyoM ko mAnate haiN| ve pratirakSAtmaka mahAnatA pradarzita karate haiM arthAt dUsaroM kI bhAvanAoM kI paravAha na kara svayaM meM hI lIna rahate haiN| inakI vikRta pArivArika pRSThabhUmi hone ke kAraNa yaha mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kI anukriyAe~ karate haiN| prathama, parivAra se pRthakIkaraNa hone ke kAraNa parivAra se saMbaMdhita sabhI ke prati AkrAmaka vyavahAra pradarzita karate haiM dUsarI inameM sthAnApanna parivAra ke liye tIvra icchA utpanna hotI haiM kyoMki saMbaMdhana kI AvazyakatA inameM prabala hotI haiM manovaijJAnika AghAta tathA viziSTa vyaktitva vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa ve samAna vicAra rakhane vAle jo apanI akSamatAoM ke liye vAtAvaraNa ko doSI ThaharAte hoM, kI talAza karate hai| aise logoM se inakI saMbaMdhana kI AvazyakatA pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra AtaMkavAdI samUha kA sadasya banakara vyakti svayaM kI bhagna sAmAjika pahacAna ko punaH jor3ane kA prayAsa karate haiM AtaMkavAdiyoM meM kucha vaicArika AtaMkavAdI hote haiM jaise jarmana reDa ArmI yA iTalI kI reDa brigedds| dUsare prakAra ke AtaMkavAdI "rASTravAdI alagAvavAdI" hote hai jaise philistInI mukti sNgtthn| T duniyA bhara meM AtaMka phailAne vAle saMgaThana (liTTe) mAnava bama ke liye aise logoM kA cayana karate haiM jinake pAsa jIne kA koI makasada nahIM hotA haiM, yA jo garIbI, berojagArI, kI mAra se itane hatAza ho cuke hote hai ki jIvana unake liye bemAnI ho cukA hotA haiM, AtaMkI unameM napharata kA bIja bokara eka makasada taiyAra karate haiN| ye vyakti lakSya para hI dhyAna kendrita karate haiM, netA ke prati samarpaNa kI bhAvanA rakhate haiM, punarjanma meM inakI kaTTara AsthA hotI haiM musIbatoM se chuTakArA pAnA cAhate haiM, bhAvuka va kamajora hote haiM, dharmabhIrU hone ke kAraNa inameM AtmaghAta karane kI icchAzakti jyAdA hotI haiN| yaha vyakti mazInI mAnava (roboTa) kI taraha hote haiM jinakI koI vicArazakti nahIM hotI arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 19

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hai| inameM prema, karUNA aura samAnatA kA bhAva nadArada hotA haiN| "AtaMkavAdI mAnavIya saMbaMdha mahasUsa nahIM karate haiM tathA inama vidhvaMsa va nirakuzatA kI pravRtti prabala hotI haiN| yaha barbara aura Adima AkAMkSA se yukta hote haiN| duniyA ke stara para AtaMkavAda kA vikarAla tAMDava najara A rahA haiN| isake mUla meM haiM Adhipatya ke saMbaMdha, dUsaroM para Adhipatya sthApita karane kI pravRtti, dUsaroM ke saMsAdhana har3apane kI pravRtti, galata va sahI saba tarIke apanAkara dasaroM se Age nikalane kI pravatti apanI sukha-suvidhA para keMdrita hokara dUsaroM ke duHkha darda ko upekSita karane kI prvRtti| 7. AtaMkavAdI samUha kI vizeSatAe~ - AtaMkavAdI samUha kI sadasyatA se vyaktiyoM kI saMbaMdhana kI AvazyakatA saMtuSTa hotI haiM tathA unakI vaiyaktika pahacAna sthApita hotI haiN| sadasya samUha nirNayoM kA anupAlana karane lagate haiM tathA unheM samarUpa vyavahAra karane kI preraNA milatI hai| AtaMkavAdI samUhoM ke saMdeza prabhAvazAlI, nirapekSa, paramavAda se ota-prota tathA keMdrIkaraNa ko protsAhita karane vAle hote haiN| AtaMkavAdI khatare kI AzakA ke kAraNa samAja se alaga rahate haiM kyoki bAhya samUha unako DarAtA-dhamakAtA haiN| isI AdhAra para AtaMkavAda ko 'kalpanA yuddha' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki virodha, bAhya khataroM aura zatruoM ke bAvajUda bhI AtaMkavAdI samUha apane astitva ko banAye rakhanA cAhatA haiM kyoMki yaha apane sadasyoM kI manovaijJAnika AvazyakatAoM kI saMtuSTi ke lie Avazyaka haiN| ata: jaba vAstavika khatarA yA zatra na ho to bhI kAlpanika rUpa meM unako svIkAra kiyA jAtA haiN| yadi AtaMkavAdiyoM kA zaktizAlI pratirodha kiyA jAyegA to kalpanA yuddha vAstavika yuddha meM pariNata ho jaayegaa| yadi AtaMkavAda se mukti pAne ke liye samajhautAvAdI nIti apanAI jAye to use bhI vaha samUha astitva ke liye khataranAka mAnakara asvIkAra kara dete haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa haiM ki AtaMkavAda kA javAba prati - AtaMkavAda nahIM ho sakatA haiN| saMsAra kI sArI zakti bhI AtaMkavAda ko samApta nahIM kara sakatI haiM, surakSA pradAna nahIM kara sakatI haiN| isako samApta karane hetu samasyA ke kAraNoM kI taha taka jAkara, vaMcitoM kI bAta ko samajhakara nirNaya lenA hogaa| 8. AtaMkavAdI saMgaThanoM kI vizeSatAe~ - choTe AtaMkavAdI samUha eka bar3e AtaMkavAdI saMgaThana kA hissA hote haiN| AtaMkavAdI saMgaThanoM meM netRtva kI eka saMracita zrRMkhalA hotI haiN| netRtva saMgaThana kA nirmANa karane vAle samUhoM ke bAhara se hotA haiN| ata: netAoM aura anuyAyiyoM meM dUrI hotI haiN| saMgaThana meM saMcAra vyavasthA acchI nahIM hotI hai kyoMki gopanIyatA rakhanA unake liye atiAvazyaka hotA haiM anyathA unake liye khatarA paidA ho sakatA haiN| isI vajaha se saMgaThana meM AMtarika niyaMtraNa zithila hotA haiN| saMgaThana meM kisI bhI vyakti kI sthiti yA pada usake krAMtikArI kriyAkalApoM tathA tIkSNatA para nirbhara karatA haiN| isaliye vyakti AkrAmaka vyavahAra ke liye prerita hotA haiN| AtaMkavAdI saMgaThana AtaMkavAda ko eka sAdhana mAnate haiM arthAta lakSya prApti ke pazcAta bhI vaha svayaM ke astitva ko banAye rakhate haiN| ahiMsA - bhAratIya darzana aura dharma meM 'dayA', 'karUNA' ko sarvazreSTha mAnavIya guNa mAnA gayA haiN| karUNA aura dayA ahiMsA se saMbaMdhita haiN| ahisA kA vyApaka artha haiM vicAra, vANI aura karma se kisI bhI prANI ko coTa na phuNcaanaa| ahiMsA ko mAnane vAlA Izvara ke 20 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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atirikta kisI se nahIM DaratA haiN| gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsAvAdI pratirodhaka meM sAhasa tathA bahAdurI jaise guNoM ko Avazyaka mAnA haiN| isI AdhAra para ahiMsA ke tIna staroM - bahAdura vyakti kI ahiMsA, kamajora AdamI kI ahiMsA (jo ki vAMchita pariNAma na milane para ahiMsA ko tyAga de) aura bhIrU vyakti kI niSkriyAtmaka ahiMsA kA ullekha kiyA gayA haiN| inameM se prathama guNa hai va zeSa do avgunn| AtaMkavAdI gatividhiyA~ hiMsAtmaka pratirodha se aura bar3hatI haiN| yadi zaktizAlI pratirodha nIti apanAI jAye to ho sakatA hai ki AtaMkavAdI . saMgaThana vivaza hokara kucha samaya ke liye apanI kriyAoM ko roka de lekina usase sthAyI hala nahIM ho paayegaa| AtaMkavAda kA mukhya lakSya logoM meM AtaMka / bhaya utpanna karanA haiN| ata: AtaMkavAda ke prabhAva ko prabhAvahIna karane ke liye Avazyaka haiM ki janatA ko AtaMkavAda ke prabhAvoM ke prati visaMvedanAzIla banAyA jaae| zAsana yadi apanI kriyAoM ko pratirakSAtmaka banAye rakhe tathA AtaMkavAda ke prati udAsInatA yA taTasthatA kA pradarzana kare toM AtaMkavAdI samUha / saMgaThana svata: naSTa ho jaayegaa| AtakavAda ke manovaijJAnika prabhAva kA mUlyAMkana karane hetu AtaMkavAdI saMdezoM ke strota kI manovaijJAnika vizeSatAoM kA vizleSaNa, saMdeza kI viSaya vastu kA vizleSaNa, prabhAvita hone vAle samUha kA vizleSaNa tathA saMdeza saMpreSaNa ke strotoM kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA kA manovijJAna - 1. svIkRti prApta karane kI AvazyakatA -- jaba do vyaktiyoM yA samUhoM ke madhya saMgharSa hotA hai to pratyeka vyakti yA samUha anya vyakti yA samUha kI svIkRti prApta karane kA icchuka hotA haiN| Aja vyakti ke samakSa pramukha samasyA sammAna prApta karane kI va svayaM ko zaktizAlI siddha karane kI haiN| kisI bhI saMgharSa meM apane dezavAsiyoM tathA bAhyarASTro kI svIkRti Avazyaka hotI haiM kyoMki vyakti ko yaha bhaya rahatA hai ki kahIM bar3I galatI ke kAraNa vaha dUsaroM kI dRSTi meM apane sammAna ko na kho deN| jaba do meM se koI eka ahiMsAvAdI tarIkA apanA letA hai to hiMsAvAdI tarIkA apanAne vAle kA prayAsa vyartha jAtA haiM kyoMki ahiMsaka ko mUkadarzakoM kA samarthana sahajatA se prApta ho jAtA hai| 2. ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha kI zreSThatA - ahiMsAtmaka pratirAdha hiMsaka vyakti ke liye dRzyAtmaka sAdhana kA kArya karatA haiN| AkrAmaka vyakti ahiMsAvAdI vyakti kI mUka bhASA (avAcika saMpreSaNa) se prabhAvita hokara usI ke samAna vyavahAra karane lagatA hai, ahisAvAdI kI niSkriyatA hiMsAvAdI ko Azcaryacakita kara detI hai vaha dekhatA hai ki yaha vyakti na to apanI surakSA ke lie kucha kara rahA haiM na hI hiMsA kI pIr3A ko pradarzita kara rahA haiM pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsAvAdI apanA pUrNa dhyAna usa dizA meM keMdrita kara detA hai, ahiMsAtmaka pravidhi kI zreSThatA kI ora AkarSaNa tathA hiMsaka tarIkoM ke prati vikarSaNa kA bhAva utpanna ho jAtA haiN| 'yuddha bhUmi meM laharAte kisI bhI zastra kI camaka se adhika ojasvI hotA haiM zAMti ke eka - eka kaNa se pravAhita prkaash| isa prakAza kI ora pravRtta ho sarAbora ho aura usI meM talAzeM bhvissy|' 3. anukaraNa kI prakriyA - anukaraNAtmaka prakriyAe~ jIvana paryanta jArI rahatI haiN| ahiMsaka vyakti hiMsaka vyakti ke prati bhI prama aura karUNA kA bhAva pradarzita karatA hai| vaha isa bAta kI kAmanA karatA arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 21

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haiM ki dUsaroM ko kisI bhI prakAra kA AghAta na pahu~ce cAhe svayaM ko AghAta laga jaaye| naitika dRr3hatA, prema va karUNA, saMyama, sahanazIlatA, sahAnubhUti, tyAga, kSamA, satya aura ahiMsA Adi se paripUrNa vyakti ko dekhakara hiMsAvAdI vyakti ke bhaya, krodha, ghRNA, IrSyA, ahaMkAra, pratidattaMditA Adi avaguNa lupta ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kI prAsaMgikatA - saMsAra meM sarvatra AtaMkavAda kA tAMDava najara A rahA haiM aisI dazA meM zAMti kI khoja karanA svAbhAvika haiN| zAMti sthApanA hetu prabhAvazAlI saMcAra, AtmasammAna meM vRddhi, anukaraNIya vyavahAra, prabhAvazAlI vaicArika vinimaya / saMpreSaNa tathA samAnAnubhUti Adi manovaijJAnika tarIkoM kI aham bhUmikA hotI haiN| saMsAra meM AtaMka aura hiMsA kI pravRtti bar3ha rahI hai| hama vijJAna aura takanIkI ke yuga meM jI rahe haiM, mAnava ke bhautikatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa jIvana meM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM aura dhArmika vizvAsoM meM kamI AtI jA rahI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye siddhAMta jIvana jIne kI eka aisI zailI haiM jise AtmasAta kara manuSya sukha va zAMti se jIvanayApana kara sakatA haiM tathA dUsaroM ke liye bhI sukha va zAMti se jIne kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA haiN| yaha siddhAMta hai - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha aura brmhcry| ahiMsA - kisI bhI jIva ko mata mAro, mata satAoM, mata hukUmata karo, yaha ahiMsA dharma haiN| satya - mana meM jo ho vahI bhAva pradarzita kroN| krodha, lobha, bhaya mata kroN| acaurya - icchAoM para saMyama rakhoM icchA se rAga-dveSa bar3hatA haiM yahI du:kha kA kAraNa aparigraha - saMgraha karane kI pravRtti se lAlaca bar3hatA haiM jo ki duHkha kA kAraNa haiN| brahmacarya - vANI va dRSTi kA sNym| AtmA kI gaharAIyoM meM rama jaanaa| ahiMsA kA ina sabhI meM sarvopari sthAna haiN| vizvastara para bhI yaha dhAraNA sthApita ho rahI hai ki kisI bhI samasyA kA sthAyI hala hiMsaka tarIke se nahIM balki ahiMsaka DhaMga se hI nikAlA jA sakatA hai| bagaira bhedabhAva ke samasta jIvoM ke prati samabhAva hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke pratyaya ko saMsAra ke sabhI dharmo ne svIkAra kiyA haiN| vedoM meM kahA gayA hai ki "sRSTi ke samasta prANiyoM ko mitra mAnoM' 10, yadI dharma meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI ko mata mAro'' 10, IsAI dharma meM IsAmasIha kA kahanA hai ki "zatru se bhI pyAra karo'' 11, islAma dharma meM khudA kA vizleSaNa rahIma hai arthAt samasta vizva para dayA karane vaalaa| hindU dharma ke anusAra "ahiMsA se bar3hakara koI dharma nahIM hai|' 131 jaina ciMtakoM ke anusAra hiMsA ke 4 prakAra haiM - 1. jAnabUjhakara kI gaI hiMsA (saMkalpI) yA AkrAmaka hiMsA - yaha hiMsA na to AtmarakSA ke liye Avazyaka hai aura na hI jIvana ke liye| ataH sabhI ko isakA tyAga kara denA cAhiye kyoMki isakA saMbaMdha hamArI mAnasika pravRtti se haiN| 2. rakSAtmaka hiMsA - isa prakAra kI hiMsA AtmarakSA, dUsaroM kI rakSA yA saMpatti kI rakSA ke liye arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 22

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kI jAtI hai| isa hiMsA kA uddezya zAMti banAye rakhanA va nyAya prApta karanA haiN| bAhya paristhitiyA~ vyakti ko isa bAta ke liye vivaza kara detI hai ki vaha AtmarakSA yA dUsaroM kI rakSA ke liye hiMsaka tarIkA apnaaye| gRhastha vyakti svayaM ko isa taraha kI hiMsA se pUrNa rUpa se mukta nahIM rakha sakatA haiN| gAMdhIjI ne virodha ke ahiMsaka tarIke ko saphalatApUrvaka apanAyA thaa| lekina pratyeka vyakti ke liye virodha ke ahiMsaka tarIke se saphalatA prApta karanA saMbhava nahIM haiN| sirpha vaha vyakti jo zarIra va bhautika padArthoM ke prati anAsakti rakhatA ho tathA jisakA hRdaya, IrSyA - dveSa se mukta ho vahI apane adhikAroM kI rakSA ahiMsaka tarIke se kara sakatA haiN| jaina dharma ke anusAra rakSAtmaka kriyAoM aura yuddha ke daurAna hone vAlI hiMsA kI mAtrA ko jitanA saMbhava ho sake kama se kama karanA cAhiye tathA nirdoSa vyakti ko to kisI bhI kImata para nahIM mAranA caahiye| jaina vicArakoM ne ahiMsaka yuddha ke tarIkoM kA tathA yuddha meM hiMsA kI mAtrA kama se kama ho kA ullekha kiyA haiN| 3. vyAvasAyika hiMsA - isa prakAra kI hiMsA kRSi tathA udyoga dhaMdhoM meM hotI haiN| jIvikopArjana ke liye tathA zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye jAnabUjhakara kI gaI hiMsA se mukta rahanA asaMbhava haiN| isa hiMsA ko bhI nyUnatama karane kA prayAsa karane kA nirdeza hai| 4. dainika kriyAkalApoM se saMbaMdhita hiMsA - isa prakAra kI hiMsA kA saMbaMdha dainika kriyA kalApoM jaise - nahAnA, bhojana banAnA, ghUmanA Adi se haiN| jaina dharma meM gRhasvAmI dvArA jAnabUjhakara kI gaI hiMsA niSiddha haiM bhale hI vaha jIvana aura vyavasAya ke liye Avazyaka kyoM na ho| hiMsA ke kucha rUpa hamAre jIvana meM avazyaMbhAvI haiM lekina isakA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahI hai ki vartamAna meM ahiMsaka AcaraNa anupayogI hai| jisa prakAra hiMsA jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai usI prakAra ahiMsA mAnava samAja ke astitva ke liye Avazyaka haiN| pRthvI para zAMti sthApita karane tathA samRddhi kI rakSA karane kA eka mAtra tarIkA ahiMsA haiN| ahiMsA duniyA kA sabase zreSTha va zaktizAlI hathiyAra haiM aura isakA mukAbalA koI aNubama bhI nahIM kara sktaa| jaina dharma meM "ahiMsA paramo dharma' mAnA gayA haiN| jaina dharma meM do taraha kI hiMsA ko svIkArA gayA haiM dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiNsaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vizvazAMti sthApita karane ke liye tIna ahiMsaka tarIkoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM - samabhAva 14, prema va maitrI 15, sevAbhAva 16 / bhagavAna mahAvIra jisa dharma kI bAta kahate haiM vaha paraspara pyAra kA dharma hai, sneha sauhArdra kA dharma hai, sadabhAva sadAcAra kA dharma hai, AtmIyatA apanatva kA dharma hai| ahiMsA adhyApana kA viSaya utanA nahIM haiM, jitanA adhyayana aura AcaraNa kaa| nAgarikoM meM ahiMsA cetanA kA vikAsa ho, isake liye samAja vyavasthA ko bhI ahiMsaka banAnA hogaa| manuSya ko vidhAtA ne buddhi aura tArkika zakti dI haiM, jisase vaha hiMsA ko nakAra sakatA hai| isa vyAdhi ko samApta karane ke liye viveka jAgRta karane vAlI zikSA kA prasAra honA caahie| hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, kyoMki usakA vidhivata prazikSaNa hotA haiM, hiMsA kI taraha ahiMsA kA bhI prazikSaNa milatA rahe, to hiMsA ko rokA jA sakatA haiN| rASTra meM sainika akAdamiyA~ to bahata sthApita ho gaI lekina aba zAMti akAdamiyA~ sthApita karanA hogii| vartamAna samaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA (jIo aura jIne do) kA saMdeza atyanta arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002 23

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prAsaMgika haiN| ahiMsA se hI hiMsA kA tAMDava samApta hogaa| mahAvIra, gautama buddha, IsA - masIha, mahAtmA gAMdhI, mArTina lUthara kiMga sabhI ne ahiMsA kA saMdeza diyA haiN| samrATa azoka ne yuddha kI nirarthakatA ko svIkAra kiyA haiN| AtaMkavAda virodhI kAnUna "privenzana oNpha da Tererijma ekTa (poTA) bhI kitanA prabhAvazIla hogA kahanA muzkila haiN| hiMsA eka bhAvanAtmaka bImArI haiM yaha mAnava kI mAnasika asvasthatA kA paricAyaka haiN| mAnava ko svastha rakhane ke liye Avazyaka haiM ahiMsA kA prshikssnn| prazikSaNa kA saMbaMdha upadeza se nahIM apitu AcaraNa se haiN| ahiMsA ko jIvana ke sAtha jor3anA hogA, use AtmasAta karanA hogA tabhI prazikSaNa sArthaka ho pAyegA tathA vizvazAMti sthApita ho paayegii| "AtaMkavAda ke tAMDava ko jar3a se miTAnA haiM, ahiMsA kI patAkA ko vizva meM phaharAnA haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke "jIo aura jIne do' ke saMdeza ko, jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA dAyitva jainiyoM ko nibhAnA haiN|" REFERENCES 1. Brady, J.V. & Nauta. W.J.H. : Subcortical mechanisms in emotional behavior : affective changes following septal forebrain lesions in the albino rat. Journal of comparative and Physiological Psychology (1953). 2. Hess, W.R. & Akert, K.:Experimental data on role of hypothalamus in mechanism of emotional behavior. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (1955). 3. Maccoby E.E. & Jacklin C.N. : Sex differences in aggression. Child Development, 51.964-980 (1980) 4. Freud, S.: Instincts and their vicissitudes. In standard edition. Vol. 14. London : Hogarth Press, (1957) 5. Lorenz, K. :On aggression. New York : Bantom Books. (1968) 6. Dollard, J., Doob, L. Miller, N.E., Mowrer, O.H. & Sears, R.R. : Frustraton and Aggression. New Haven, Conn. Yale University Press. (1939). 7. Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. : Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston (1963). 8. Gurr, T.R.: Why men rebel. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (1970). 9. Adorno. T.W. : The authoritarian personality, New York : Harper. (1950). 10. mahAbhArata (anuzAsana parva), 115/19 11. Bible Old Testaments, Ten Commandments, Sermon on the mont. 12. Bible New Testaments, Sermon on the mount. 13. mahAbhArata (Adiparva), 11/13 14. AcArAMga, 2/3/4 15. Avazyaka sUtra, 4.5.. 16. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 29/43. prApta - 15.11.2002 (saMzodhanoparAMta) 24 arhat vacana, 14 (4). 2002

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kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura mahAvIra, ahiMsA aura jainadharma tInoM eka dUsare se itane abhinna rUpa se jur3e hue haiM ki kisI eka ke binA anya kI kalpanA karanA bhI muzkila lagatA hai| ata: jaina dharma kI unnati hetu ahiMsA kI vaijJAnikatA siddha karanA sarvAdhika sAmayika pratIta hotA hai| svAmI vivekAnanda, mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise mahAmanISI bhI dharma aura vijJAna ke prabala pakSadhara rahe haiN| jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA vartamAna vijJAna ke Aloka meM eka ora jahA~ ahiMsaka AhAra se aparAdha, khAdya samasyA, jala samasyA aura rogoM kA nidAna dikhAyI detA hai vahIM dUsarI ora ahiMsA ke dvArA jaiva vividhatA saMrakSaNa evaM kIr3oM kA mahatva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| varSa 14, aMka 4, 2002, 25-30 ahiMsA kI vaijJAnika AvazyakatA aura unnati ke upAya * ajita jaina 'jalaja' * isa prakAra ahiMsA kI jIva vaijJAnika AvazyakatA kA anubhava hone para ahiMsA hetu vibhinna vaijJAnika upAya, vRkSa khetI, RSi - kRSi, samudrI khetI, mazarUma khetI, jantu vicchedana vikalpa, ahiMsaka utpAda vikraya kendra, ityAdi hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| yaha saba dekhane para bhArata ke katipaya vaijJAnikoM ke isa vicAra kI puSTi hotI hai ki Adhunika vijJAna kA AdhAra banAne meM prAcIna bhArata kA amUlya yogadAna rahA hai / ' isake sAtha prasiddha gAMdhIvAdI ciMtaka sva. zrI yazapAla jaina dvArA apane jIvana bhara ke anubhavoM kA nicor3a, mujhako nimnalikhita rUpa meM likhane kA aucitya bhI samajha meM AtA hai ki 'vartamAna yuga kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke samanvaya kI hai|' (a) ahiMsA kA jaina dharma meM mahatva - - jaina dharma meM jIvoM kA vistRta vargIkaraNa kara pratyeka jIva kI surakSA hetu dizA-nirdeza aneka sthAnoM para milate haiN| jaina zAstroM meM mA~sa ke sparza se bhI hiMsA batAyI gaI hai| 2 trasa hiMsA ko to bilkula hI tyAjya batAyA gayA hai| 3 nirarthaka sthAvara hiMsA bhI tyAjya batAI gaI hai| " dharmArtha hiMsA, devatAoM ke liye hiMsA, atithi ke liye hiMsA, choTe jIva ke badale bar3e jIvoM kI hiMsA, pApI ko pApa se bacAne ke liye mAranA, dukhI kI rakSA kA vicAra 12 hiMsA 14, 10 yA sukhI ko mAranA ", eka ke vadha meM aneka hetu guru kA ziraccheda mokSa prApti ke liye saba hiMsAoM ko hiMsA mAnakara inako tyAgane kA nirdeza jinamata sevI kabhI hiMsA nahIM krte| 16 samAdhi meM siddhi bhUkhe ko bhI mA~sadAna 15 ina hai aura spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki inake alAvA ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM kucha anya jinasUtra bhI dRSTavya haiM 'jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki vaha kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nA kare' 17 'sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nahIM isaliye prANa vadha ko bhayAnaka mAnakara nirgrantha usakA varjana karate - haiM' 18 'jIva kA vadha apanA hI vadha hai, jIva kI dayA apanI hI dayA hai' 19, 'ahiMsA 7 ke samAna koI dharma nahIM hai' 201 (A) jIvana ke Aloka meM ahiMsA 1. AhAra aura aparAdha sAtvika bhojana se mastiSka meM saMdamaka taMtrikA saMcAraka (nyUro inahIbITarI TrAMsamITarsa) utpanna hote haiM jinase mastiSka zAMta rahatA hai vahIM asAtvika * adhyApaka, vIra mArga, kakaravAhA jilA TIkamagaDha (ma.pra.) - -

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(proTIna/mA~sa) bhojana se mastiSka meM uttejaka taMtrikA saMcAraka (nyUro eksAiTeTarI TrAMsamITarsa) utpanna hote haiM jisase mastiSka azAMta hotA hai| 21 gAya, bakarI, bher3a Adi zAkAhArI jantuoM meM siroTonina kI adhikatA ke kAraNa hI unameM zAnta pravRttiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, jabaki mAMsAhArI jantuoM jaise zera Adi meM siroTonina ke abhAva se unameM adhika uttejanA, azAMti evaM caMcalatA pAyI jAtI hai| isa pariprekSya meM san 1993 meM jarnala Apha kriminala jasTisa ejUkezana meM phloriDA sTeTa ke aparAdha vijJAnI sI. re. jaimpherI kA vaktavya bhI mahatvapUrNa ho jAtA hai ki vajaha cAhe koI bhI ho, mastiSka meM siroTonina kA stara kama hote hI vyakti AkrAmaka aura krUra ho jAtA hai| abhI hAla meM zikAgo TribyUna meM prakAzita agralekha bhI batAtA hai ki 'mastiSka meM siroTonina kI mAtrA meM girAvaTa Ate hI hiMsaka pravRtti meM uphAna AtA hai' 122 yahA~ yaha batAnA ucita hogA ki mA~sa yA proTIna yukta bhojya padArthoM se, jinameM TripTophena nAmaka emIno amla nahIM hotA hai mastiSka meM siroTonina kI kamI ho jAtI hai evaM uttejaka taMtrikA saMcArakoM kI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| yoropa ke vibhinna unnata dezoM meM nIMda nA Ane kA eka pramukha kAraNa vahA~ ke logoM kA mA~sAhArI honA bhI hai| 23 uparokta siroTonina evaM anya taMtrikA saMcArakoM kI kriyA vidhi para kAma karane para zrI paoNla grIna gArDa ko san 2000 kA nobala puraskAra prApta huA hai| 24 2. AhAra aura khAdyAnna samasyA - vaijJAnikoM kA mAnanA hai ki vizva bhara ke khAdya saMkaTa se nipaTane ke liye agale 25 varSoM meM khAdyAnna upaja ko 50 pratizata bar3hAnA hogaa| 25 isa samasyA kA sundara samAdhAna ahiMsaka AhAra zAkAhAra meM hI saMbhava hai| eka ki.grA. jantu proTIna (mA~sa) hetu lagabhaga 8 ki grA. vanaspati proTIna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sIdhe vanaspati utpAdoM kA upayoga karane para mAMsAhAra kI tulanA meM sAta gunA vyaktiyoM ko poSaNa pradAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 25 kisI khAdya zrRMkhalA meM pratyeka poSaka stara para 90% UrjA kharca hokara mAtra 10% UrjA hI agale poSaka stara taka pahu~ca pAtI hai| pAdapa plavaka, jantu plavaka Adi se hote hote machalI taka Ane meM UrjA kA bar3A bhArI bhAga naSTa ho jAtA hai aura aise meM eka ciMtAjanaka tathya yaha hai ki vizva meM pakar3I jAne vAlI machaliyoM kA eka cauthAI bhAga mA~sa utpAdaka jAnavaroM ko khilA diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vikarAla khAdyAnna samasyA kA eka pramukha kAraNa mA~sAhAra tathA ekamAtra samAdhAna zAkAhAra hI hai| 3. AhAra aura jala samasyA - vizva ke karIba 1.2 araba vyakti sApha pIne yogya pAnI ke abhAva meM haiN| aisA anumAna lagAyA gayA hai varSa 2025 taka vizva kI karIba do tihAI AbAdI pAnI kI samasyA se trasta hogii| vizva ke 80 dezoM meM pAnI kI kamI hai| isa samasyA ke saMdarbha meM "eka kilogrAma gehU~ ke liye jahA~ mAtra 900 lITara jala kharca hotA hai vahIM gomA~sa ke utpAdana meM 1,00,000 lITara jala kharca hotA hai' 27, tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhane para ahiMsaka AhAra zAkAhAra dvArA jala samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI dikhAyI de jAtA hai| 4. AhAra aura bImAriyA~ - vizva svAsthya saMgaThana (W.H.O.) kI buleTina saMkhyA 637 ke anusAra mA~sa khAne se zarIra meM lagabhaga 160 bImAriyA~ praviSTa hotI haiN| 28 zAkAhAra vibhinna vyAdhiyoM se bacAtA hai| adhikAMza auSadhiyA~ vanaspatiyoM se hI 26 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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utpanna hotI haiN| harI sabjiyoM meM upasthita poSaka tatva tathA viTAmina 'I' evaM 'sI' prati AksIkArakoM kI taraha kArya karate haiN| alsahAimara roga se bacAne meM ina prati AksIkArakoM kI hI bhUmikA hotI hai| zarIra se mukta mUlakoM kI saphAI meM prati AksIkAraka apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| mukta mUlaka kaiMsara sahita aneka ghAtaka rogoM ke liye uttaradAyI hote 8129 5. jaiva vividhatA saMrakSaNa aura jIvadayA gata 2000 varSoM meM lagabhaga 160 stanapAyI jIva, 88 pakSI prajAtiyA~ lupta ho cukI haiM aura vaijJAnika anumAna ke 25 varSoM meM eka prajAti prati miniTa kI dara se vilupta ho jaayeNgii| 30 anusAra AgAmI - vibhinna khAdya zrRMkhalAoM ke dvArA samasta jIva jantu evaM vanaspati Apasa meM usa taraha se prAkRtika rUpa se jur3e huye hai ki kisI eka ke zrRMkhalA se haTane yA lupta ho jAne se jo asaMtulana utpanna hotA hai, usakI pUrti kisI anya ke dvArA asaMbhava ho jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha prativarSa hamAre deza meM 10 karoDa meMDhaka mAre jAte haiN| pichale varSa pazcimI dezoM ko niryAta karane ke liye 1000 Tana meMDhaka mAre gye| yadi ye meMDhaka mAre nahIM jAte to pratidina eka hajAra Tana maccharoM aura phasala nAzI jIvoM kA saphAyA krte| 3 31 isa prakAra se prakRti meM hara jIva jantu kA apanA viziSTa jIva vaijJAnika mahatva hai aura manuSya jAti ko svayaM kI rakSA hetu anya jIva jantuoM ko bhI bacAnA hI hogA, ahiMsA kI dhArmika bhAvanA tathA vaijJAnikoM kI salAha isa saMbaMdha meM eka samAna hai| 6. kITanAzaka aura kIr3oM kA mahatva pratyeka jIva kI taraha kIr3oM kA bhI bahuta mahatva hotA hai| duniyA ke bahutere phUloM ke parAgaNa meM kIr3oM kA mukhya yogadAna rahatA hai arthAt per3a paudhoM ke bIja evaM phala banAne meM kIr3e mahatvapUrNa kArya karate haiN| aneka zodhakarttAoM ne yaha pAyA ki jisa kSetra meM kITanAzakoM kA adhika upayoga hotA hai vahA~ parAgaNa karAne vAle kIr3oM kI kamI ho jAtI hai aura phasala kI upaja para isakA pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai | 32 bhArata meM kITa pataMgoM kI 131 prajAtiyA~ saMkaTApanna sthiti meM jI rahI haiN| aise meM kITanAzaka ke bar3hate upayoga aura usake hone vAle duSprabhAvoM se vaijJAnika bhI ciMtita ho baiThe haiN| 33 vizva meM prativarSa 20 lAkha vyakti kITanAzI viSAktatA se grasita ho jAte haiM jinameM se lagabhaga 20 hajAra kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| 34 yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva svAsthya saMgaThana ne 129 rasAyanoM ko pratibandhita ghoSita kara rakhA hai| kITanAzaka jahara jaise hote haiM aura ye khAdya zrRMkhalA meM lagAtAra saMgrahIta hokara bar3hate jAte haiM. isa prakriyA ko jaiva Avardhana (Bio Concentration) kahate haiN| udAharaNa ke liye pratibandhita kITanAzaka DI. DI. TI. kI mAtrA machalI meM apane pariveza ke pAnI kI tulanA meM dasa lAkha gunA adhika ho sakatI hai| aura ina machaliyoM ko khAne vAloM ko svAbhAvika rUpa se atyadhika jahara kI mAtrA nigalanI hI pdd'egii| 35 yahI prakriyA anya mA~sa utpAda ke sAtha bhI lAgU hotI hai khAdyAnna kI tulanA meM khAdyAnna khAne vAle jantuoM ke mA~sa meM kaI gunA kITanAzaka jamA rahegA jo antataH mA~sAhArI ko mAraka siddha hogA / ataeva kIr3oM kA bacAva kITanAzakoM kA upayoga rokanA arthAt ahiMsA kA pAlana vaijJAnika rUpa se bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 27

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7. prAkRtika ApadAyeM aura hiMsA prakRti apane viruddha cala rahe kriyAkalApoM ko eka sImA taka hI sahana karatI hai aura usake bAda apanI prabala pratikriyA ke dvArA cetAvanI de hI detI hai| dillI vizvavidyAlaya meM bhautikI ke tIna prAdhyApakoM DaoN. madana mohana bajAja, DaoN. ibrAhima tathA DaoN. vijayarAja siMha ne spaSTa gaNitIya vaijJAnika gaveSaNAoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki duniyA bhara meM hone vAlI samasta prAkRtika ApadAoM sUkhA, bAr3ha, bhUkampa, cakravAta kA kAraNa hiMsA aura hatyAe~ haiN| (ka) ahiMsA unnati ke vaijJAnika upAya 1. vRkSa khetI aneka vRkSoM ke phala phUloM ke sAtha unake bIja bhI acche khAdya haiN| unakA utpAdana 10-15 Tana prati hekTeyara prativarSa hotA hai jabaki kRSi ausata utpAdana 1.25 Tana prativarSa hI haiN| vRkSa khetI meM kisI prakAra ke urvaraka, siMcAI, kITanAzaka kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| 36 isa taraha se vRkSa khetI ke dvArA khAdyAnna samasyA aura jala samasyA kA aura bhI kAragara samAdhAna to hotA hI hai, yaha vidhi ahiMsA se adhika nikaTatA bhI lAtI hai| - 2. RSi kRSi jApAnI kRSi zAstrI mAsAnobU phyUkuokA ne isa kRSi praNAlI ko janma diyA hai| isameM rAsAyanika urvarakoM, kITanAzakoM ityAdi kA bilkula upayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA yahA~ taka ki bhUmi meM hala bhI nahIM calAyA jAtA hai| bIja yU~ hI bikhera diye jAte haiN| kharapatavAroM ko bhI naSTa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| isa prAkRtika khetI dvArA phyukuokA ne eka ekar3a bhUmi se 5-6 Tana dhAna upajAkara pUrI duniyA ko cakita kara diyA hai| " ahiMsaka khetI ke pravartana para isa jApAnI mahAmanA ko maigasese puraskAra bhI prApta ho cukA hai| prathama jaina tIrthakara AdinAtha dvArA pratipAdita 'kRSi' kI hI isa khoja (Research) ko bar3hAvA denA kyA hama ahiMsaka anuyAiyoM kA karttavya nahIM banatA hai? mahAvIra, ahiMsA athavA AdinAtha kI pAvana smRti meM sthApita koI puraskAra isa RSi tulya jApAnI ko kyA nahIM diyA jAnA cAhiye ? 3. samudrI khetI samudra kI khAdya zrRMkhalA ko dekhane para patA calatA hai ki yahA~ pAdapa plavakoM dvArA saMcita 31080 KJ UrjA, bar3I machalI taka Ate Ate mAtra 126 KJ bacatI hai| 39 aise meM yaha vicAra svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki kyoM nA bhojana ke rUpa meM pAdapa plavakoM kA sIdhe prayoga karake vizAla UrjA kSaya ko to rokA hI jAye, hamArI 38 khAdya samasyA ko bhI saralatA se hala kara liyA jaaye| samudrI zaivAloM kA vizva meM vArSika jala saMvarddhana utpAdana lagabhaga 6.5 x 1,00,00,000 Tana hai| jApAna tathA prAyadvIpoM sahita dUrastha pUrvI dezoM meM isake adhikAMza bhAga kA sabjI ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jAtA hai samudrI ghAsoM meM proTIna kAphI mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI hai isameM pAye jAne vAle emIno amla kI tulanA soyAbIna yA aNDA se kI gaI hai| 39 mere mata se to machalI pAlana ke sthAna para pAdapa plavaka pallavana' se ahiMsA, UrjA evaM dhana tInoM kA saMrakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ( 4 ) mazarUma khetI phaphUMda kI eka kisma mazarUma, prAcIna samaya se khAyI jAtI rahI hai| yadi mazarUma kI khetI ko protsAhita aura pravartita kiyA jAye to yaha aMDoM kA uttama vikalpa bana sakatI hai| cUMki isakA pUrA bhAga khAne yogya hotA hai, adhika bhUmi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, rozanI kI adhika AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, yaha kUr3e karakaTa para uga sakatA hai tathA khanijoM kA khajAnA hotA hai isaliye yaha Ama AdamI kA uttama nAztA arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 28

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ho sakatA hai| mazarUma ke proTIna meM sabhI Avazyaka amIno amla bhI pAye jAte haiM jo ise zreSTha AhAra banAte haiN| (5) ahiMsaka nava nirmANa (ka) blyU kraoNsa oNpha iMDiyA (cennaI) ne kampyu phrAga, kAmpyu raiga zIrSakoM se sAphTaveara vikasita kiye haiM jinake prayoga se deza kI zikSaNa saMsthAoM meM lAkhoM meMDhakoM, cUhoM kI hiMsA ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (kha) byUTI vidAuTa kruyelTI, puNe ne lisTa oNpha Anara ke mAdhyama se ahiMsaka sauMdarya prasAdhanoM kI prAmANika sUcI prastuta kI hai| isa prakAra ke kArya ko aura vyApaka banAnA cAhiye (ga) vibhinna vaijJAnika jaiva praudyogikI dvArA aise bIja taiyAra kara rahe haiM jinase vaha kITa pratirodhI paudhe utpanna kareMge aura isa taraha kITanAzakoM kA prayoga baMda ho skegaa| (gha) videzoM meM ahiMsaka utpAda vikraya kendra baoNDI zApa khole gaye haiN| isa taraha ke kendra hameM apane deza meM nagara nagara, Dagara Dagara kholane caahiye| (r3a) ahiMsA zodha evaM pramANana hetu ahiMsaka prayogazAlAyeM sthApita honI cAhiye / (kha) aMta meM ahiMsA kI vividha kSetroM meM vaijJAnika rUpa se upayogitA, AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate huye yaha tathya spaSTa rUpa se rekhAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja samagra vizva meM vibhinna vaijJAnika pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se ahiMsA ko protsAhita kara rahe haiM aura kara sakate haiN| parantu isa bAta kA ahasAsa svayaM unheM bhI nahIM hai ki ve ahiMsA kA kitanA punIta, dhArmika kArya kara rahe haiN| kitanA acchA ho ki ahiMsA kI pratimUrti jainadharma kI koI pratinidhi saMsthA ahiMsA ke kSetra meM cala rahe vibhinna vaijJAnika kAryoM para najara rakhakara unako saMrakSaNa, samanvaya tathA dizA nirdezana de tathA ina ahiMsaka vIra vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra vibhinna ahiMsaka kArya yojanAyeM, vikalpa saMsAdhana banAye agara hama isa dizA meM kucha bhI kArya kara sakeM to ahiMsA ko zaktizAlI banA sakeMge jisase ki khuzI, saMtulita saMsAra kA sRjana ho skegaa| AbhAra dharma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya ke liye likhe gaye pratyeka lekha ke liye maiM AcArya kanakanandI evaM DaoN. anupama jaina, saciva kundakunda jJAnapITha kA AjIvana AbhArI - AdhAra graMtha 1. zrImad amRtacandra sUri, puruSArtha siddhayupAya, pR. 148, dharmadarzana vijJAna zodha saMsthAna, bar3auta (u.pra.) 2. jinendra varNI, samaNa suttaM, pR. 1276, sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI (u.pra.) 3. Biology (XII) Part II, 1995, N.C.E.R.T., New Delhi P. 7631081 4. Biology (XI) Part II, 1995, N.C.E.R.T. New Delhi 5. mAMsAhAra sau tathya - DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, 65 patrakAra kAlonI, kanADiyA roDa, indaur| 6. AviSkAra ena. Ara. DI. sI. 2022 jamarUdapura kamyuniTI seMTara, kailAza kAlonI eksaTeMzana, naI dillii| 7. Invention Intelligence ena.Ara.DI.sI. 20-22 jamarUdapura kamyuniTI seMTara, kailAza kAlonI eksaTeMzana, naI dillii| * - 8. vijJAna pragati, sI. esa. AI. Ara. DaoN. ke. esa. kRSNana mArga, naI dillii| 9. samyaka vikAsa, ahamadAbAda 380009 10. vaijJAnika bhAbhA paramANu anusaMdhAna kendra, TrAmbe, mumbaI - 400085 arhat vacana 14 (4), 2002 - 29

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sandarbha sthala : 1. vijJAna pragati, pharavarI 2001, pR. 48.. 2. puruSArtha siddhayupAya, pR. 111. 3. vahI, pRSTha 125. 4. vahI, pRSTha 127. 5. vahI, pRSTha 128. 6. vahI, pRSTha 130. 7. vahI, pRSTha 131. 8. vahI, pRSTha 132. 9. vahI, pRSTha 134. 10. vahI, pRSTha 135. 11. vahI, pRSTha 137. 12. vahI, pRSTha 133. 13. vahI, pRSTha 138. 14. vahI, pRSTha 139. 15. vahI, pRSTha 148. 16. vahI, pRSTha 149. 17. samaNa suttam, pR. 47. 18. vahI, pR. 47. 19. vahI, pR. 49. 20. vahI, pR. 51. prApta 30 utpAdaka (per3a paudhe) -- 21. vaijJAnika, jana mArca 91, pR. 55. 22. AviSkAra, agasta 2000, pR. 371. 23. vaijJAnika, jana mArca 91, pR. 55. 24. vijJAna pragati, janavarI 2001, pR. 38. 25. vijJAna pragati, pharavarI 2001, pR. 12. 26.02.2002 26. Invention Intelligence, Feb. 95, P. 73. 27. AviSkAra, jUna 2000, pR. 251. 28. mAMsAhAra - sau tathya, pR. 19. 29. AviSkAra, akTUbara 2000, pR. 478-79. 30. vijJAna pragati, akTUbara 99, pR. 47. 31. AviSkAra, julAI 2000, pR. 322. 32. vijJAna pragati, akTUbara 99, pR. 13. 33. vijJAna pragati, akTUbara 99, pR. 47. 34. AviSkAra, navambara 99, pR. 514. 35. Biology XII, Part II, p. 963. 36. samyak vikAsa, zrI sUrajamala jaina, julAI disambara 2000, pR. 32. 37. vijJAna pragati, pharavarI 2000, pR. 27. sthAvara (ekendriya jIva) evaM trasa (do indriya se paMcendriya jIva) jIva jagata ke lIniyasa vargIkaraNa ke pAdapa jagata evaM jantu jagata ke samatulya 38. Biology XII, Part II, p. 317. 39. vijJAna pragati, julAI 2000, pR. 55 52. pariziSTa // khAdya zrRMkhalA kA prArUpa prAthamika upabhoktA ( zAkAhArI jIva ) III samudrI khAdya zrRMkhalA meM UrjA kA pirAmiDa bar3I machalI 126 KJ/m2/yr. choTI machaliyA~ 1260 KJ/m2/yr. kITa Dimbhaka 1840 KJ/m2/yr. jantu plavaka kRmi 7980KJ/m/yr. pAdaka plavaka 31080KJ /m2 / yr. dvitIya upabhoktA (mA~sAhArI jIva) arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 31-35 ( arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) kITa hatyA : kAraNa, prabhAva tathA bacAva ajita jaina 'jalaja'* Aja jabaki manuSya hisA ke kucakra meM pha~sakara kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho rahA hai taba hiMsaka manovRtti se nivRtti ke upAyoM para cintana manana kI mahatI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai| vaise to pUrA paryAvaraNa vijJAna jaina dharma kI sUkSmatama ahiMsA kA samarthaka hai phira bhI dharma aura vijJAna ke antarsabaMdhoM para samucita anusaMdhAna abhI taka nahIM ho sakA hai| jainadharma meM ahiMsA ko sarvocca sthAna prApta hai parantu yaha dukhada tathya hai ki vartamAna meM ahiMsA ko sarva svIkArya banAne meM ahiMsaka anuyAyiyoM kA yogadAna atyalpa hai| sUkSmatama ahiMsA kA nita prati dhyAna rakhane vAle bhI jAne - anajAne bar3e bar3e jIvoM kI hatyA ke liye uttaradAyI ho rahe haiN| kIDoM kI hatyA eka aisA hI viSaya hai jisase jaina samAja kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga jur3A huA hai| prastuta Alekha meM kITa hatyA nirodha ke lakSya se vaijJAnika tathA dhArmika saMstutiyA~ dI gayI haiM jinake zodha evaM saMvarddhana se ahiMsA mahimA maMDita ho sakatI hai| kITa hatyA ke kAraNa : prakRti meM kIr3oM kA apanA viziSTa mahatva hai aura prakRti meM cher3achAr3a karane se kaI kIr3e hamAre liye hAnikAraka siddha hue haiM jisase unako mArane ke liye nita nUtana kITanAzakoM ke AviSkAra hue haiN| (a) vaijJAnika kAraNa - 1. bahuta se per3a paudhoM ke liye kaI kIr3e bahuta ghAtaka siddha hue haiM ata: phasaloM kI surakSA tathA adhika upaja pAne ke liye kIr3oM ko mArA jAtA hai| 2. kITanAzakoM ke bar3hate duSprabhAvoM ko dekhate hue AnuvAMzika abhiyAMtrikI se aise bIja vikasita kiye jA rahe haiM jinase kIr3oM ko naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| bI. TI. kaoNTana eka aisA hI nayA kapAsa kA bIja hai jisameM eka ghAtaka jIvANu kA jIna DAla diyA gayA hai jisase isake paudhoM meM aisA jahara paidA hotA hai jinheM khAkara kIr3e mara jAte haiN|' 3. macchara, makkhI, tilacaTTA, lUM Adi kIr3e manuSyoM aura pazuoM ke liye dukhadAyI rahe haiM ata: inheM khatma karane ke liye rasAyanoM kA upayoga bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| (a) dhArmika kAraNa - 1. aba adhikAMza jainoM kA mukhya lakSya adhikAdhika artha saMcaya ho gayA hai jisameM sAdhya sAdhana zuddhi, jIvadayA tathA karuNA kA dhyAna vismRta ho gayA hai phalasvarUpa arthopArjana ke liye jaina vyApArI bhI kITanAzako ke vyApAra meM juDa gaye hai| 2. jisa prakAra se paryAvaraNa vaijJAnikoM kI salAha ko anasunA karake vRhad vaijJAnika varga vijJAna kA durupayoga kara nita nUtana jaharIle rasAyanoM dvArA kIr3oM ko khatma karane ke nAma para havA, pAnI meM jahara phailA rahe haiM, usI taraha sacce ahiMsakoM ko dara kinAra kara jaina samAja kA bahusaMkhyaka varga kITa hatyA, pazu hatyA Adi para ekadama mauna baiThA huA * adhyApaka, vIra mArga, kakaravAhA-472010 jilA TIkamagar3ha (ma.pra.)

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hai jisase subaha zAma ke pUjana pATha ke bIca meM nA jAne kitane nirdoSa prANiyoM kA katla ni:saMkoca ho rahA hai| 3. pratikriyAvAdI, aikAntika, hiMsAtmaka manovRtti pratyeka vikAra ke liye jimmedAra hotI hai| apanI suvidhA ke liye dUsare pazu-pakSiyoM, kIr3oM ko mArane kA kAma sadA se hotA rahA hai| jIva hatyA ko dharma, vijJAna tathA manuSya hita ke nAma para sahI siddha karane kA prayAsa sadiyoM se ho rahA hai aura Aja hiMsA ke kAraNa hI phailI hiMsA kI Aga meM ghirA manuSya yaha nahIM soca pA rahA hai ki krUratA, AtaMkavAda kA mUlabhUta kAraNa katlakhAnoM, kITanAzakoM ityAdi ke dvArA hone vAlA prAkRtika asaMtulana hai| yaha anabhijJatA hI anya mUka prANiyoM tathA kIr3oM ke katla kA kAraNa hai| kITa hatyA ke hAnikAraka prabhAva :(a) vaijJAnika prabhAva - 1. per3a paudhoM kI aisI bahuta sI prajAtiyA~ haiM jo kisI nA kisI rUpa meM kIr3oM kI prajAtiyoM se jaDI haI haiN| eka viziSTa paudhe ke parAgaNa (phUla se phala tathA bIja banAne kA mahatvapUrNa caraNa) meM viziSTa kITa saMlagna rahatA hai| ata: eka vizeSa kITa prajAti kI samApti ke sAtha hI usa paudhe kI prajAti bhI sadA ke liye samApta ho jAtI hai| 2. kITa varga jIvana ke vikAsa kA eka mahatvapUrNa sopAna hai aura vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra isI sopAna se gujarakara hI vibhinna vikasita jAtiyoM, pazuoM aura manuSyoM kA vikAsa huA hai| isake atirikta jaiva vividhatA, prAkRtika saMtulana ke liye pratyeka jIva prajAti kA apanA alaga mahatva hotA hai| ataeva kITa hatyA vaijJAnikoM ke vivecana ke liye to nukasAna deya hI ho jAtI hai, hara jIva tathA manuSya ke liye bhI antataH hAnikara hotI hai| 3. kITanAzaka bahuta jaharIle rasAyana hote haiM tathA inase bahuta se bhayAnaka roga phaila rahe haiN| vAyu, jala, tathA mRdA ko pradUSita kara rahe haiM :(ka) DI.DI.TI. kI thor3I sI mAtrA hI yakRta ke bar3hane kA kAraNa hotI hai tathA mastiSkIya uttejanA utpanna karatI hai| (kha) oNrageno phAsphorasa yaugika - tvacA, zvasana taMtra va pAcana taMtra dvArA bahuta tejI se avazoSita hote haiM jisase eMjAima taMtra prabhAvita hotA hai| taMtrikA taMtra meM esITAila kolIna saMgrahIta hone se mAnasika tanAva evaM avasAda ho jAtA hai jisase manuSya kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| (ga) vizva meM prativarSa 20 lAkha vyakti kITanAzI viSAktatA se grasita ho jAte haiM jinameM se lagabhaga 20 hajAra kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| 4. kITanAzaka - phasaloM, phaloM Adi meM jamA hote rahate haiN| jaivika sAMdratA kI isa prakriyA ke dvArA machalI jaise jIvoM meM to ina jaharIle rasAyanoM kI mAtrA lAkhoM gunA ho jAtI hai| inake duSprabhAvoM ko dekhate hue hI vizva svAsthya saMgaThana ne 129 rasAyanoM para pratibaMdha lagA diyA hai| 5. DI.DI.TI. jaise hAnikAraka kITanAzaka maccharoM kA kabhI saphAyA nahIM kara sake kyoMki prAkRtika cayana ke dvArA bar3I jaldI hI macchara ina rasAyanoM ke pratirodhI ho gye| yahI 32 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002

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bAta pratyeka kITanAzaka tathA kIr3oM ke liye lAgU hotI hai| 6. bI.TI. kaoNTana ke hAnikAraka jIva anya paudhoM meM pahu~cakara jIva jantuoM ko hAni pahu~cAyeMge tathA kucha hI varSoM meM kIr3e ina bIjoM tathA paudhoM ke liye pratirodhI ho jAyeMge jisase yaha takanIka bhI vyartha ho jaayegii| 7 (ba) dhArmika prabhAva - 1. kITanAzakoM ke nirmANa, vikraya, upayoga meM saMlagna jaina dharmAnuyAyI dhArmika, sAmAjika maMcoM para lagAtAra pratiSThA pA rahe haiN| garbhapAta, katlakhAnoM, madyapAna, dhUmrapAna ke saMvardhakoM, saMrakSakoM kI taraha kITa hatyA ke liye uttaradAyI jainiyoM ke bar3hate mAna sammAna se aisI viDambanA banI hai ki buddhijIviyoM ke mana meM jainiyoM ke kriyAkANDI tathA pAkhaNDI hone kI dhAraNA vikasita ho rahI hai| 2. cIMTI ko bhI na mArane vAle ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAne vAle jaina bhI jaba phasala meM kITanAzI, macchara mArakoM, kA~karoMca nAziyoM kA upayoga karate evaM karAte pAye jAte haiM to hamArA yaha AcaraNa deza, samAja evaM dharma ke liye galata saMdeza detA hai| 3. kITa hatyA mAraka manovRtti kA nirmANa kara asahiSNutA, alagAva dvanda aura hiMsA kI AtmaghAtI rAheM banA rahI haiN| kITa hatyA se bacane ke upAya : kIr3oM ke katla ke dvArA hama kIr3oM ke kaSToM se kabhI bhI chuTakArA nahIM pA sakate haiM balki aise bahuta se vaijJAnika upAya haiM jinake upayoga se kITa hatyA se AsAnI se bacA jA sakatA hai 1. eka bar3e kSetra meM eka hI phasala bAra bAra lene se usake Upara nirbhara rahane vAle hAnikAraka kIToM kI saMkhyA lagAtAra bar3hatI jAtI hai ata: inakI saMkhyA ko rokane kA sabase acchA upAya yahI hai ki eka se adhika prakAra kI phasaloM ko pAsa pAsa boyA jAye tathA usa kSetra meM niyamita antarAla se phasaloM ko parivartita kiyA jaaye| phasala cakraNa ke isa upAya se kITa niyaMtraNa ke sAtha hI phasaloM kI paidAvAra bhI adhika hogii| 2. eka se vRkSoM ko bhI eka sAtha nahIM lagAyA jAye kAnhA ke sAla vana meM sAla vRkSoM ke eka sAtha lage hone ke kAraNa vahA~ para eka mahAmArI se lAkhoM per3a naSTa ho cuke haiM ata: phala tathA imAratI vRkSoM kI vibhinna prajAtiyoM ko milA julAkara boyA jAye / 3. prakRti hamezA prAkRtika rUpa se adhika sakSama pratirodhI prajAtiyA~ paidA karatI hI rahatI hai ataH aisI prajAtiyoM ke bIjoM kA hI adhikAdhika upayoga kiyA jaaye| 4. prayogazAlAoM meM saMkaraNa ke dvArA yA phira jaiva praudyogikI ke dvArA bhI aise bIjoM kA vikAsa kiyA jA rahA hai jo ki prAkRtika rUpa se adhika sakSama evaM kITa pratirodhI hoM parantu aise paudhe kIr3oM ko mArane vAle nahIM balki kIr3oM se baca jAne vAle honA cAhiye / 5. bahuta pahale se hama nIma jaise vanaspati utpAdoM kA prayoga karate rahe haiM jinake dvArA kIr3oM se bacAva hotA rahA hai Aja bhI hama aise kITa virodhI nirApada utpAdoM kA anusaMdhAna kara sakate haiM jo ki anya jIva jantuoM tathA kIr3oM se bacAva ke liye sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| nIMbU ghAsa, piparameMTa, tulasI vaca, kAlI mirca, poMgAmiyA Adi paudhoM se prApta rasAyanoM arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 33

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meM kITa bhagAne ke guNa vibhinna zodhoM dvArA pramANita ho cuke haiN| 6. saMgrahIta khAdyAnoM meM se kIr3oM ko dUra bhagAne kI vaijJAnika vidhiyA~ haiM jinake prayoga se hama apanA lakSya ahiMsaka rIti se pA sakate haiN| 10 7. prabhAvita paudhoM se kIr3oM ko pakar3ane kI aisI vaijJAnika vidhiyA~ haiM jinake dvArA binA kIr3oM ko mAre unheM pakar3A jA sakatA hai| ina vidhiyoM ke dvArA kIr3oM ko pakar3a kara alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai| 11 8. kisI bhI jIva kI janasaMkhyA ke niyaMtraNa ke liye baMdhyAkaraNa, eka krUratA rahita upAya hai| kITa baMdhyAkaraNa ke liye bhI varSoM pUrva eka vaijJAnika kAryakrama zurU huA thA use saphalIbhUta karane para kIr3oM kA hAnirahita niyaMtraNa saMbhava hai| 12 9. maccharoM. kAkaroMcoM, makkhI Adi gaMdagI kI paidAiza hai| agara ghara, muhalle meM samucita saphAI rahatI hai to inakA utpAta nahIM hogaa| isake alAvA maccharadAnI ke prayoga se bhI maccharoM se saralatApUrvaka bacA jA sakatA hai| 10. kITa hatyA ke krUra kRtya ko jAnakara agara ahiMsaka anuyAyI kITanAzakoM kA bahiSkAra kara deM to bhI kITa hatyA se bacAva saMbhava hai| inake alAvA kIr3oM se bacAva ke anya upAyoM para saMgaThita zodhakArya karane se sAmUhika kITa hatyA tathA kITanAzakoM, donoM kalaMkoM se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai| isa prakAra kITa hatyA ke kAraNoM, prabhAvoM tathA bacAva ke vistRta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki agara isa dizA meM ahiMsaka zaktiyA~ vijJAna ke sAtha milakara zodhaparaka kArya kara sakeM to svaccha paryAvaraNa, ahiMsaka samRddhi, prAkRtika saMtulana tathA jaivika sahiSNutA saba kucha pAyA jA sakatA hai| AdhAra grantha evaM ptrikaaeN| 1. Biology (XI & XII) 1995, N.C.E.R.T., New Delhi. 2. Invention Intelligence, N.R.D.C., New Delhi. 3. AviSkAra mAsika, N.R.D.C., New Delhi. 4. vijJAna pragati, C.S.I.R.. New Delhi. 5. WWF Newsletter, New Delhi. saMdarbha sthala - 1. Invention Intelligence, Jan-Feb. 2001, p. 6, The Cotton Corporation has been alfered by biotechnology to incorporate Bt gene from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.) Boll worms and other lepidopteran insects when teed on this toxic protein of cotton plant meet their end and pest population remains checked. Adoption for Bt toxin protien in pests can also evolve and if super resistant strain of pestsdevelops then worse condition in agriculture will be repeated. 2. vijJAna pragati, akTUbara - 99, pR. 13, jisa kSetra meM kITanAzakoM kA prayoga adhika hotA hai vahA~ parAgaNa karAne vAle kIr3oM kI kamI ho jAtI hai aura phasala kI upaja para isakA pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai| 3. vijJAna pragati, akTU. 99, pR. 47, bhArata meM kITa pataMgoM kI 131 prajAtiyA~ saMkaTApanna sthiti meM jI rahI haiN| 4. vijJAna pragati, jUna 99. 34 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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5. vahI. 6. AviSkAra, navambara 99, pR. 514. Invention Intelligence, Jan-Feb. 2002, p. 8, Adaptation for Bt toxin proteins in pests can also evolve and if super resistant strain of pests develops, then worse condition in agriculture will be reported. 8. WWF Newsletter, June 1998, p. 11. 9. vijJAna pragati, jUna 99. 10. Investigation Intelligence, July-Aug. 2001, p. 181, New technique to repell insects from stored food grains. 17 Investigation Intelligence, July-Aug. 2001, p. 184. The trap was used without the accessories, there was hardly 0.8 to 2.1% survival of the insects while it was 100% survival when the accessories were fitted. 12. vijJAna pragati, sita. - akTU. 1980, pR. 317, baMdhyAkaraNa kITa niyaMtraNa kI acUka saMzodhanoparAMta prApta 20.06.2002 kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra zrI digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, indaura dvArA jaina sAhitya ke sRjana, adhyayana, anusaMdhAna ko protsAhita karane ke uddezya se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke antargata rupaye 25,000 = 00 kA kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra prativarSa dene kA nirNaya 1992 meM liyA gayA thaa| isake antargata nagada rAzi ke atirikta lekhaka ko prazasti patra, smRti cihna, zAla, zrIphala bheMTa kara sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| 1993 se 1999 ke madhya saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI (indaura), pro. lakSmIcandra jaina (jabalapura), pro. bhAgacandra 'bhAskara' (nAgapura), DaoN. udayacandra jaina (udayapura), AcArya gopIlAla 'amara' (naI dillI), pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta (jhAMsI) evaM DaoN. prakAzacandra jaina (indaura) ko kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai| varSa 2000 evaM 2001 hetu prApta praviSTiyoM kA mUlyAMkana kArya pragati para hai varSa 2002 hetu jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana se sambaddha kisI bhI vidhA para likhI hindI / aMgrejI, maulika, prakAzita / aprakAzita kRti para prastAva 31 janavarI 03 taka sAdara AmaMtrita haiN| nirdhArita prastAva patra evaM niyamAvalI kundakunda jJAnapITha kAryAlaya meM upalabdha hai| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa arhat vacana, 14 (4) 2002 vidhi / 30.11.2002 DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva 35

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AcArya kundakunda dvisahasrAbdi mahotsava varSa ke sandarbha meM 1987 meM sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha ne eka mahatvapUrNa prakalpa ke rUpa meM bhAratIya vidyAoM, vizeSataH jaina vidyAoM, ke adhyetAoM kI suvidhA hetu deza ke madhya meM avasthita indaura nagara meM eka sarvAgapUrNa sandarbha granthAlaya kI sthApanA kA nizcaya kiyA / hamArI yojanA hai ki Adhunika rIti se dAzamika paddhati se vargIkRta kiye gaye isa pustakAlaya meM jaina vidyA ke kisI bhI kSetra meM kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ko sabhI sambaddha grantha / zodha patra eka hI sthala para upalabdha ho jaayeN| hama yahA~ jaina vidyAoM se sambaddha vibhinna viSayoM para hone vAle zodha ke sandarbha meM samasta sUcanAe~ adyatana upalabdha karAnA cAhate haiN| isase jaina vidyAoM ke zodha meM rUci rakhane vAloM ko prathama caraNa meM hI hatotsAhita hone evaM punarAvRtti ko rokA jA skegaa| kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura kA prakalpa sandarbha granthAlaya kevala itanA hI nahIM, hamArI yojanA durlabha pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja, mUla athavA usakI chAyA pratiyoM / mAikro philmoM ke saMkalana kI bhI hai| ina vicAroM ko mUrtarUpa dene hetu digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura para navIna pustakAlaya bhavana kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| 30 navambara 2002 taka pustakAlaya meM 9750 mahatvapUrNa grantha evaM 1167 pAMDulipiyoM kA saMkalana ho cukA hai| jisameM aneka durlabha granthoM kI phoTo pratiyA~ bhI sammilita haiN| aba upalabdha pustakoM kI samasta jAnakArI kampyUTara para bhI upalabdha hai| phalataH kisI bhI pustaka ko kSaNa mAtra meM hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| hamAre pustakAlaya meM lagabhaga 350 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita rUpa se AtI haiM, jo anyatra durlabha hai| saMsthAoM se : lekhakoM se : Apase anurodha hai ki 36 1. 2. adhyakSa 3. digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama parisara meM hI amara granthAlaya ke antargata pustaka vikraya kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| sandarbha granthAlaya meM prApta hone vAlI kRtiyoM kA prakAzakoM ke anurodha para bikrI kendra para bikrI kI jAne vAlI pustakoM kI namUnA prati ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jA skegaa| AvazyakatAnusAra namUnA prati ke AdhAra para adhika pratiyoM ke ArDara diye jaayeNge| apanI saMsthA ke prakAzanoM kI 11 prati pustakAlaya ko preSita kreN| apanI kRtiyoM (pustakoM / lekhoM) kI sUcI preSita kareM, jisase unako pustakAlaya meM upalabdha kiyA jA ske| jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM hone vAlI navInatama zodhoM kI sUcanAe~ preSita kreN| prakAzita jaina sAhitya ke sUcIkaraNa kI pariyojanA bhI yahIM saMcAlita hone ke kAraNa pAThakoM ko bahuta sI sUcanAe~ yahA~ sahaja upalabdha haiN| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, apane zatru ke prANa hI karttavya ho sakatA hai ahiMsA kA zaurya haiM ve ahiMsaka bneN| yaha nizcita tathya hai|' haMtA ke prati bhI prema karanA eka mahAna ahiMsaka vIra kA vahI use mApha kara sakatA hai| yaha hai ahiMsA kI mahAnatA, jo mAnava ko amara banA detA hai ataH jo amara jIvana cAhate ahiMsA meM amaratA hai aura hiMsA meM maraNa / ahiMsA jayati sarvathA / - af-14, 3-4, 2002, 37-40 ahiMsA itihAsa ke Aloka meM rAmajIta jaina* - prAgaitihAsika kAla ke itivRtta ko jAnane ke liye do sAdhana haiM 1. dharma zAstra aura 2. purAtatva, aura donoM se hI yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki AdikAla kA mAnava ahiMsaka thaa| dharmazAstroM ke anusAra to manuSya hI nahIM pazu bhI ahiMsaka thaa| mAnava aura pazu sAtha- sAtha rahate the| jainiyoM ke mahApurANa, bauddhoM ke suttanipAta aura brAhmaNoM ke rAmAyaNa se yahI patA calatA hai evaM iMjIla aura kurAna meM bhI Adama aura havvA kA varNana yahI batAtA hai| cIna ke kanaphyUzaMsa ne bhI yahI kahA hai| dharmazAstroM kA yaha mata spaSTa hai ki AdimAnava ahiMsaka thA, nirAmiSa bhojI thaa| bAda meM ahaMkAra ke kAraNa usakA patana huA, aura vaha hiMsaka bnaa| purAtatva kI sAkSI purAtatva se prApta sAmagrI bhI AdikAlIna mAnava ko ahiMsaka siddha karatI hai| mohanajodar3oM kI khudAI meM sarvaprAcIna stara para kevala anna aura phasala kATane ke haMsie mile| usase bhI prAcIna kAla ke cinha mesopoTAmiyoM ke kreTe (Crete) nAmaka sthAna kI khudAI meM mile haiM, unase bhI AdikAla meM mAnava kI ahiMsaka vRtti kA samarthana hotA hai vahA~ se prApta aura nA hI nagara kI surakSA hetu prAcIra meM mile haiN| isalie purAtattvavid iliyaTa "jaba taka mAnava ne khetI aura sicAI prAcIna stara para koI bhI ghAtaka astra nahIM milA banAne ke cinha mile haiN| aise cinha parivartI kAla smitha (Eliat Smith) ne nirdhArita kiyA hai ki karanA nahIM sIkhA thA taba taka vizva meM sukha aura zAnti kA svarNa yuga thaa| 2 usa ahiMsaka yuga meM mAnava bhaya aura kAyaratA ko jAnatA hI na thA / kailAza ke uttuMga zaila se ahiMsA kA ninAda sAre loka meM phailA aura usane eka dIrghakAla taka mAnava hRdayoM para apanA prabhAva banAye rkhaa| kintu bhagavAna rAmacandra ke samaya se jaba bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvratanAtha kA avataraNa hone vAlA thA, taba bhArata meM kucha asura loga A ghuse unakI pAzavika vRtti thI, jAdU Tone ke dhanI the aura surAsundarI ke sevk| unhoMne bhAratIya brAhmaNoM meM se kucha ko bahakA liyA vedoM kI RcAoM ke mUla artha ko badalakara unhoMne pazu bali prathA ko janma diyA tIrthakaroM ne isakA ghora virodha kiyaa| bhagavAna rAma ne ahiMsA ko bddh'aayaa| lekina usa samaya se bhaya aura AtaMka kA bAhulya ho gyaa| manuSya kAyara bnaa| apane sAthiyoM se lar3ane jhagar3ane lgaa| bhayagrasta huA / kAyara manuSya to ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| vaha to apane zarIra ke moha aura svArtha meM aMdhA ho rahA hotA hai| isake viparIta ahiMsaka samarasI vIra zeroM se khelate hue bhI nahIM ddrtaa| duSyanta zakuntalA kA putra zera ke baccoM ke sAtha khelatA thaa| yaha thA prAgaitihAsika kAla meM ahiMsA kA prabhAva / tIrthaMkaroM ne ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyA, * eDavokeTa, TakasAla galI, dAnAolI, gvAliyara (ma.pra.)

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pazu yajJoM kA virodha kiyaa| bhagavAna rAma ne ahiMsA ko bddh'aayaa| jaba zaurIpura meM bAisaveM tIrthakara ariSTanemi kA janma huA, jo nArAyaNa kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the, usa samaya bhArata meM AmiSabhojiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3ha rahI thii| godhana para saMkaTa AyA huA thaa| taba ariSTanemi ne zAkAhAra athavA phalAhAra kA pracAra karake ahiMsaka bhAva ko janatA ke hRdaya meM jgaayaa| nArAyaNa kRSNa ne godhana bar3hAne ke liye logoM ko protsAhana diyA isakA prasAra gujarAta meM dvArikA taka ho gyaa| bhagavAna nemi kI ahiMsA kA prabhAva gujarAta meM dekhA jA sakatA hai yahAM kI sAdhAraNa janatA nirAmiSa AhArI hai, bar3I dayAlu hai| vahAM kI ahiMsA ke pariNAma svarUpa hI bhArata ko mahAtmA gAMdhI jaisA mahAtmA milA, jinakI mAtA jainI aura pitA vaiSNavI the| jaina kavi zrImad rAyacanda se jinhoMne ahiMsA kA pATha par3hA aura ahiMsA kI zakti ko duniyA meM camakA diyA / aitihAsika kAla ke Adi meM - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya se bhArata meM aitihAsika kAla kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / yadyapi mohanajodaDoM aura haDappAdi kA purAtatva bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ko IsvI pUrva 4000 varSa taka le jAtA hai| pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM vaidika sampradAya meM putreSaNA, lokeSaNA aura vitteSaNA ke liye hiMsAmUlaka yajJa kiye gaye tathA zarIra ko kevala kaSTa dene ko hI tapa mAnA jAtA thaa| pArzvanAtha ne hiMsA, asteya, corI aura parigraha kA tyAga karanA sikhaayaa| isakA unhoMne bhAratabhara meM pracAra kiyaa| itane prAcInakAla meM ahiMsA ko itanA suvyavasthita rUpa dene kA yaha sarvaprathama udAharaNa hai| IsvI san se ATha zatAbdI pUrva jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne upadeza diyA thA vaha kAla atyanta prAcIna hai aura vaha upaniSada kAla, se bhI prAcIna ThaharatA hai| 3 mahAbhArata ke yuddha ke pariNAma svarUpa bhArata anaikya, aura ahaMkAra kI hiMsaka bhaTTI meM jala rahA thA / balivediyA~ niraparAdha pazuoM ke rakta se raMjita thI, itanI nRzaMsatA hI nahIM, balki mAnavoM meM U~ca-nIca kA aisA AtaMka chAyA huA thA ki zUdra aura strI ke vaiyaktika jIvana kA kucha mUlya hI nahIM thaa| aise hiMsaka samaya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne janma liyaa| unhoMne ahiMsA dharma kA vijJAna siddha pATha mAnavoM ko par3hAyA "jio aura jIne do, sabase prema karo aura sevA dharma kA pAlana kro|" usI samaya meM bhagavAna gautama buddha ne ahiMsA kA pakSa liyaa| pariNAmataH bhArata meM ekatA kA bhAva jAgA / sabhI choTe choTe rAjya magadha ke zAsana ke aMtargata A gae aura saMgaThita hue| aneka rAjyoM ke zAsakagaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ananya bhakta ho gye| unhoMne ahiMsA darzana ko apane jIvana meM utaaraa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda - I. pUrva 527 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvApura (bihAra) meM ho gayA unake anuyAyI AcAryo, muniyoM, ArthikAoM aura zrAvakoM ne sAre bhArata meM evaM bhArata ke bAhara aphagAnistAna, araba IrAna evaM yUnAna taka ahiMsA saMdeza phailAyA jainAcArya jAnate the ki mAnava jIvana meM zAsana sattA kA vizeSa mahatva hai, ataH unhoMne sadA hI yaha prayatna kiyA ki ve zAsana ko ahiMsA tatva se prabhAvita kreN| tadanusAra jainAcAryoM ke prabhAva meM naMda aura maurya vaMza ke aneka rAjA jaise nandivardhana, mahApadma, candragupta maurya rahe candragupta aura mahApadma to svayaM jaina muni hokara loka kalyANa meM lage the 'mudrArAkSasa nATaka' se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya jaina muniyoM kA jana jIvana meM bar3A prabhAva thA / ve sAdhAraNa kuTiyoM se lekara rAjaprAsAda taka ahiMsA kA upadeza dete hue vicarate the| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 38

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sikandara mahAna to apane sAtha muni kalyANa ko apane deza yUnAna le gayA jinako yUnAnI jinosUphisTa kahate haiN| sikandara ne apanI dAnavIya digvijaya kI nRzaMsatA para pazcAtApa kiyA aura marate samaya kaphana se bAhara donoM hAtha bAhara rakhane kA Adeza dekara duniyA~ ko batA gayA ki hiMsA se duniyA~ ko har3apane kI durnIti dAnavatA hai - mAnava ko usase kucha hAtha nahIM aataa| ata: saccA zaurya to ahiMsaka vIra loka banane meM hai| samrATa azoka isaliye mahAna nahIM hue ki unhoMne kaliGga kA dAnavI yuddha jItA, balki unhoMne ahiMsA kA saMdeza sAre bhArata meM aura bhArata ke bAhara par3osI dezoM meM bhejakara jaga ke hRdaya ko jItA, isa kAraNa azoka mahAna bne| IrAnI bAdazAha dArA ne bhI asi ke pracAra ke liye zAhI pharamAnoM ko patthara para azoka aura samprati kI taraha likhvaayaa| ahiMsA ke kAraNa hI ve mahAna vIra jAte haiN| ahiMsA vIratA kA abhedya durga hai| uparAnta jaba bhArata kI phUTa ko dekhakara iMDogrIka vijetA bhArata meM mathurA se Age taka ghusa Ae the taba bhI bhArata ko unake AtaMka se mukta karane ke lie kaliGga ke samrATa ela khAravela Age bar3he the| phala yaha huA ki damatrayasa (Demetrius) mathurA chor3akara bhAga gyaa| yaha samrATa khAravela parama ahiMsaka jaina zrAvaka thaa| ahiMsA kA zaurya itihAsa kI svarNagAthA hai| iMDogrIka aura kuSANa logoM kA prAbalya mathurA meM vizeSa rahA jo jaina dharma kA kendra thaa| jainAcAryoM ne aneka yavanoM - grIka, pArthiyana Adi ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura asi kA upAsaka bnaayaa| unhoMne aneka maMdira aura mUrtiyA~ banavAe the, jo kaMkAlI TIlA kI khudAI meM mile| videziyoM ke sAtha gaMdhI, mAlI, naTa, gaNikA Adi nimna varga ke logoM ko bhI jainAcAryoM ne saMgha meM AdaraNIya sthAna diyA thaa| unake dvArA pratiSThA karAI gaI mUrtiyA~ bhI mathurA meM milI haiN| isa sAkSI se spaSTa hai ki kuSANa kAla meM jaina dharma janatA kA jItA jAgatA dharma thA - usake anuyAyI samAja ke sabhI varga ke loga the| jaina guruoM ne ahiMsA saMskRti ke raMga meM sabhI varga ke logoM ko sammilita kiyA thA jisase samAja kA naitika stara U~cA uThA thaa| gupta kAla - gapta vaMza ke rAjAoM ne yadyapi paurANika vaidika dharma ko prazraya dekara use Age bar3hAyA, to bhI jaina dharma ne jana mana para adhikAra jamAe rkhaa| gupta rAjavaMza meM usakI gati thii| prasiddha itihAsakAra haivala kA likhanA hai ki - "I. kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka prAya: sabhI rAjakIya athavA janasAdhAraNa ke dAna jaina aura bauddha saMsthAnoM ko diye jAte the| yadyapi navIna vaidika dharma kA isa samaya utkarSa haA, phira bhI janasAdhAraNa meM jaina aura bauddha dharma kI pradhAnatA akSuNNa rahI thii| jaina maMdiroM, maThoM meM ucca koTi kI zikSA pradAna karane kA prabaMdha thaa| ina tInoM dharmoM ke vidvAnoM meM dArzanika vAda bhI haA karatA thaa| saMskRta bhASA kA mahatIya utkarSa huA thaa|'' 4 muslima kAla - ahiMsA dharma bhIrU nahIM banAtI, dharma vIra banAtI hai| guptakAla aura rAjapUta kAla meM jaina aura bauddha ahiMsA kA sthAna paurANika hindU dharma ne le liyaa| rAjapUtoM kA ahaMkAra itanA bar3ha gayA ki ve Apasa meM lar3ane lge| kadAcita jayacanda dezadroha na karatA to vIravara pRthvIrAja musalamAnoM ke hAtha na pdd'te| abhimAna ke jhUThe bhAva ne bhAratIyoM ko bhIrU banA diyA aura muslima zAsana ko janma diyaa| jaba saiyyada sAlArajaMga avadha ko jItane ke arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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liye gAyoM ke jhunDa ko Age rakhakara bar3hatA huA zrAvastI (baharAica) pahu~cA to usa samaya vahAM jaina rAjA suheladevarAya zAsanAdhikArI the| unhoMne ahiMsA kA tAtvika rUpa smjhaa| ata: unhoMne gAyoM ko titara - bitara karake sAlArajaMga ko mAra bhgaayaa| bAdazAha akabara isaliye mahAna mAnA gayA ki usane ahiMsaka jIvana apnaayaa| pazu-pakSiyoM taka ko abhayadAna diyA thaa| akabara se pahale samrATa amoghavarSa, kumAra pAla aura mahArAjA rAjasiMha ne bhI ahiMsA dhvaja ko U~cA kiyA thaa| pariNAmata: tatkAlIna bhArata loka meM sukha samRddhi aura zaurya ke liye prasiddha rahA thaa| rAjapUtoM kA zaurya jahAM pArasparika spardhA - hiMsA ke kAraNa kuNThita rahA, vahA~ bhI ahiMsA ke kAraNa vaha zaurya sone meM sugandha kI ukti ko bhI caritArtha karatA rhaa| pannA dhAya kA tyAga isI koTi kA thaa| yaha nispRha, nirmoha bhAva hI mahAna hai| pannA ne sAhasapUrvaka zizu rANA ko bacAyA aura usa rANA zizu ko lekara saradAra rAjapUtoM ke dvAroM para alakha jagAyA, parantu kisI ko Azraya dene kA sAhasa nahIM huaa| Akhira pannA kamalamera durga ke zAsaka AzAzAha ke pAsa pahu~catI hai, jo jaina dharmopAsaka ahiMsaka vIra thaa| usane ni:zaGka hokara zizurANA ko durga meM Azraya diyaa| ise kahate haiM saccA, jo ahiMsA kA jItA jAgatA prabhAva thaa| eka ahiMsaka hRdaya meM hI nirmamatA aura nirmoha kA vAsa ho sakatA hai| vahI jIva rakSA ke liye apane prANoM kI Ahuti de sakatA hai| bhArata ke satyAgraha yuddha meM ahiMsaka satyAgrahiyoM ne chAtI para goliyA~ khAI, parantu U~galI taka na uThAI ? isa ahiMsaka zaurya ne bhArata ko mukta kraayaa| aura vartamAna meM bhI ahiMsA kI amodha zakti kA prabhAva videzoM meM phaila rahA hai| niSkarSa - jaba yaha nitAnta satya hai ki ahiMsA jIvana kA maulika tatva hai - vaha hamArA Atmika rUpa hai, taba hama use bhUlAkara jIvana meM saphala nahIM ho skte| kyoMki ahiMsA ke zAsana meM manuSya apane liye nahIM jItA - apane svArtha ko Age rakhakara vaha jIvana meM Age nahIM bddh'taa| balki jIo aura jIne do ke siddhAnta ko mUrtamAna banAkara eka vizAla samAja ko janma detA hai jisameM sarvatra samatA, sukha aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya hotA hai| mahAvIroM kA dharma hI ahiMsA hotA hai - aura ve sacce lokajayI hote hai - yugoM yugoM kI janatA yugoM yugoM taka hI nahIM sarvadA ahiMsaka mahAvIroM ke Age natamastaka hotI sandarbha 1. eka haMgeriyana kavitA kA hindI rUpAntara. 2. The Evolution of Man. p. 13. 3. DaoN. haramana jaikobI, pariziSTa parva, pR. 6. 4. History of Aryan Ruie in India, p. 147-156. prApta - 15.10.2000 40 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002

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arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 41 - 43 jaina saMskRti aura paryAvaraNa - DA. vinoda kumAra tivArI * ikkIsavIM sadI ke mAnava ke samakSa apanI dainika mUlabhUta samasyAoM ke alAvA jo sabase bhayaMkara aura anivArya samasyA uTha khar3I huI hai, vaha hai paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa kI smsyaa| prakRti kI vastuoM ke prati mAnava samudAya kI upekSA saikar3oM varSoM se anavarata rUpa se calatI A rahI thI aura vartamAna kAla meM aba isakI vikarAlatA spaSTa rUpa se dikhalAI par3ane lagI hai| vizva ke logoM ne apane tuccha svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie prakRti kA bharapUra dohana kiyA hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki Aja sampUrNa vizva ko praduSaNa kI vikarAla samasyA se jUjhanA par3a rahA hai| pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM hue vaijJAnika, audyogika krAnti kI hor3a, bhautika Ananda, tejI se bar3hatI AbAdI, jaMgaloM kI lagAtAra kaTAI, khetoM meM jarUrata se adhika paidAvAra bar3hAne ke prayatna aura nirIha prANiyoM kI nirmama hatyA ne prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ko chinna-bhinna kara ise dUSita banA diyA hai, jisase prAkRtika saMtulana DagamagAne lagA hai| Aja vikAsa ke nAma para bhUmi, jala aura vAyu pradUSita kiye jA rahe haiM tathA antarikSa taka meM pradUSaNa phailAyA jA rahA hai| isa paristhiti meM Aja prANI jagata ke saMpUrNa astitva para sIdhA saMkaTa upasthita ho gayA hai| yadyapi bIsavIM sadI meM pazcima ke vaijJAnikoM aura vicArakoM ne prakRti saMrakSaNa aura paryAvaraNa para dhyAna diyA tathA isake lie kacha upAya bhI batalAe~, para pichale kaI meM upabhoktA saMskRti aura bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA kA jisa tejI se vikAsa huA hai, usase vizva ke prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA hAsa hotA gayA aura Aja mAnava usake bhayAvaha pariNAmoM ke bhuktabhogI ho rahe haiN| aba isase bacane ke upAya vizva ke dUsare dezoM ke pAsa nahIM haiM, para yadi hama bhAratIya saMskRti kA adhyayana kareM, to jaina aura bauddha sAhitya isa taraha kI preraNA dete haiM jisase hama vizva ke samakSa utpanna isa trAsadI kA sAmanA karate hue usase baca skeN| aba sabhI isa bAta kI gaMbhIratA ko samajhane lage haiM ki paryAvaraNa aura prakRti kI surakSA ke lie dhArmika evaM naitika vizvAsoM tathA AsthAoM para gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| jahAM vaidika dharma meM prakRti ke aMgoM, kramaza: kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana aura samIra kI bAta kahakara isake prati AsthA utpanna kI gaI hai, vahIM bauddha dharma meM logoM ko prakRti ke prati udAra rahane kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai| para jaina dharma evaM isameM varNita jIvana zailI para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki isane prAkRtika vastuoM ke saMrakSaNa para sabase adhika dhyAna diyA hai tathA isake lie tathyaparaka mArgoM ke anusaraNa karane kI bAta bhI vistAra se batalAI hai| jaina dharma mUla rUpa se pAMca siddhAMtoM para AdhArita hai - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha tathA brhmcry| inhIM mArgoM para calakara bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika rUpa se prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kI surakSA kI jA sakatI hai| isake alAvA jaina tIrthakaroM evaM zramaNoM ne svayaM eka aisA Adarza jIvana prastuta kiyA hai, jo unake dayA bhAva evaM prakRti prema ko darzAtA hai| jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ko sabase adhika mahatva dete hue prakRti ke sUkSma se sUkSma jIvoM kI rakSA karane kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai| isa mata meM jIva ke pAMca prakAra nirdhArita kiye * rIDara evaM adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, yU.Ara. kaoNleja, rosar3A - 848210 (samastIpura) bihaar|

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gaye haiM pRthvIkAya, apakAya (jalakAya), teukAya (agni yA teja), vAyukAya tathA vanaspatikAya / ye sthAvara jIva haiM, jabaki trasa jIva ke cAra prakAra batalAye gae haiM - dIndriya (do indriya), trIndriya caturindriya tathA paMcendriya usI prakAra jaina dharma meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspati meM devatva kI nahIM, balki jIvatva kI avadhAraNA kI bAta kahI gayI hai| uparyukta jIva sthira haiM aura jIvatva se saMpUrNa brahmANDa otaprota hai| jainiyoM ke anusAra pRthvI sajIva hai aura isakI hiMsA nahIM honI caahie| isake chattIsa tatva batalAye gaye haiM jaise miTTI, AlU, lohA, tAMbA, sonA aura koyalA vagairaha ina sabhI prAkRtika sampattiyoM kA atyadhika dohana zoSaNa nahIM honA caahie| isa prakAra jalakAyika jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA nahIM honI caahie| sAhityoM meM jala ko dUSita nahIM karane tathA anAvazyaka rUpa se usakI barabAdI na karane kI salAha bhI dI gaI hai| pradUSita jala se mAnava aura jala meM rahane vAle jIvoM kA astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| jaina siddhAMtoM meM vanaspati ko jIvAtvA mAnA gayA hai tathA usameM cetanA kI bAta svIkAra kI gaI hai| yahAM vanaspati, prANI, bhUtatva aura vAyu ke Apasa meM gahare saMbaMdha haiM, yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vaijJAnika zodha bhI ise svIkArate hue yaha batalAtI haiM ki pAristhitika rUpa se paudhe, jIva aura jAnavara taka eka dUsare se jur3e hue haiM kisI bhI samUha meM hastakSepa se dUsare varga para usakA kuprabhAva par3a sakatA hai vanaspati se jahAM hama karate haiM, vahIM ve hameM zuddha prANavAyu AksIjana grahaNa phUla phala pradAna karate haiM tathA varSA ko lAne meM sahAyaka banate haiM vRkSa se bhUmi aura vAyu kA avazoSaNa hotA hai| vanaspati kI upekSA hama nahIM kara sakate hamAre cAroM ora kI harI bharI bhUmi havA tathA pAnI hamArA paryAvaraNa hai| apane svArtha meM hama jahAM unheM naSTa kara rahe haiM, vahIM prakRti ke avibhAjya I aMga pazu pakSiyoM kI bhI nirmama hatyA kI jA rahI hai jaina sAhitya meM pazu pakSiyoM tathA peDa-paudhoM ke sAtha durvyavahAra kI niMdA evaM unake prati hiMsA kI bhAvanA kA virodha kiyA gayA hai jina kIr3e makor3oM ko hama bekAra samajhate haiM, jaise keMcue, meMDhaka aura sAMpa vagairaha, ve bhI hamArI phasala ke lie upayogI haiN| udhara jaMgaloM kI betahAzA kaTAI se dina pratidina varSA kI kamI mahasUsa kI jA rahI hai| isase eka tarapha to havA meM dhUla aura jahara kA praveza ho rahA hai, to dUsarI tarapha cAyumaMDala kA tApamAna bar3hatA jA rahA hai| paudhoM ko kATakara jahAM hama anAvazyaka hiMsA bar3hA rahe haiM, vahIM isase pradUSaNa kI vRddhi bhI hotI jA rahI hai| jaina dharma meM hajAroM varSa pahale hI per3a paudhoM ke sAtha tRNa taka meM jIva ke astitva kI bAta svIkAra kara lI gaI thii| Aja hamAre lobha ke kAraNa vana sampadA tejI se ghaTa rahI hai, jisase prAkRtika saMtulana aura paryAvaraNa bigar3a rahA hai| jaina darzana meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi kisI jIva ke dravya yA prANa ko mana, vacana yA karma se kaSTa pahuMcAyA jAtA hai, to yaha hiMsA hai ahiMsA ke antargata mAtra jIva hiMsA kA tyAga hI nahIM AtA, balki unake prati prema kA bhAva bhI vyakta karanA dhArmika kRtya mAnA gayA hai| yahAM ahiMsA se tAtparya mAnava saMyama aura viveka se hai| prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie vyakti ko rAga-dveSa aura kaTuvacana kA tyAga karanA cAhie / viveka ahiMsA ko janma detI hai, jabaki hiMsA se pratihiMsA hotI hai| mAnava kI hiMsaka bhAvanA se prakRti kA saMtulana bigar3a jAtA hai| jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM evaM unake AcAra vicAra ke alAvA hameM tIrthakaroM tathA jaina muniyoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM se bhI unake prakRti ke prati lagAva va prema kI jhalaka dikhalAI par3atI hai una logoM ne hajAroM varSa pahale se hI svayaM apane ko prakRti ke adhika arhat vacana, 14 (2-3), 2002 42 -

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se adhika karIba rakhA tathA janamAnasa ko usI ke anurUpa jIvana jIne kI aisI paddhati batalAI, jisameM vyakti svastha va prasanna raha ske| tIrthaMkaroM ke janma ke pUrva unakI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM meM prAkRtika vastuoM yA ghaTanAoM kA honA prAkRtika jagata se sambaddha maMgala yA kSema ke pratIka haiN| vanaspati jagata ko kalpavRkSa kahakara prakRti kA sammAna kiyA jAtA rahA hai| mahAvIra tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ne kisI na kisI vRkSa ke nIce rahakara hI jJAna kI prApti kI hai| pIpala, vaTa tathA azoka ke vRkSa hamAre dhArmika jIvana se lagAtAra jur3e haiN| prAcIna kAla meM RSi - muni svayaM jaMgaloM meM rahakara prakRti kI surakSA karate the| jaina vicArakoM ne svayaM sadaiva jIva jantu tathA vanaspati ke prati saMvedanA kA bhAva rakhane kA saMdeza diyaa| Aja saMpUrNa vizva meM prakRti ke asaMtulana kA saMkaTa paidA ho gayA hai| logoM ne bhautikavAda aura upabhoktA saMskRti kI cakAcauMdha meM prakRti ke mahatva ko bhulA diyA hai| aba to vizva ke vaijJAnika yahAM taka AzaMkA pragaTa kara rahe haiM ki Ane vAle kucha dazAbdiyoM meM pRthvI kA eka bahuta bar3A harA-bharA bhAga registAna meM parivartita ho jAyegA tathA kaI kSetroM meM itanI teja garamI par3ane lagegI ki saMbhavata: vahAM jIvana samApta hone kA khatarA paidA ho jaaye| isa gaMbhIra saMkaTa se trANa pAne ke lie hameM prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti evaM dharma meM prayukta una saMdezoM kA pracAra - prasAra karanA par3egA, jisase loga prakRti ke mahatva ko acchI taraha samajheM tathA unake prati apanI niSThara bhAvanA kA parityAga kara skeN| saMpUrNa jaina dhArmika sAhitya meM ahiMsA para sabase adhika dhyAna diyA gayA hai aura isake sUkSmatama svarUpa kI vizad vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, tAki loga sUkSma se sUkSma prAkRtika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka bana skeN| yadi hama vizva meM bar3ha rahe pradUSaNa, aparAdha, hiMsA evaM prANaghAtaka rogoM para niyaMtraNa karanA cAhate haiM, to hameM svayaM ko prakRti ke adhika se adhika karIba le jAnA pdd'egaa| Aja prakRti saMrakSaNa sabase bar3I mAnavIya AvazyakatA hai, jisameM hara stara para hara vyakti ko sahabhAgI honA pdd'egaa| isa tejI se bar3hate vaijJAnika yuga meM Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama apane atIta se prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kI rakSA karane ke upAyoM ko khojeM tathA unake mahatva ko samajheM, tAki mAnavatA para Aye prAkRtika asaMtulana ke gahare khatare ko TAlA jA ske| prApta - 14.2.2002 akhila bhAratavarSIya jaina patrakAra samkelana paramapUjya upAdhyAyaratna 108 zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha evaM prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujjaphpharanagara ke saMyukta tatvAvadhAna meM mArca - apraila 2003 meM eka akhila bhAratIya patrakAra sammelana prastAvita hai| isa sammelana meM nimnalikhita binduoM para vicAra - vimarza hetu patrakAroM se sujhAva AmaMtrita haiN| kucha vicAraNIya bindu nimnavat haiM - 1. jaina patrakAritA kA svarUpa evaM uddezya 2. jaina patra - patrikAoM kI samAjotthAna meM bhUmikA 3. jaina patra-patrikAoM ko vAchita samAja kA sahayoga 4. jaina patra - patrikAoM kI samasyAe~ aura unakA samAdhAna sammelana sthala evaM tithiyoM kI ghoSaNA bAda meM kI jaayegii| . kulabhUSaNa jaina, saMyojaka sampAdaka - jaina pradIpa, devabanda (sahAranapura) arhat vacana, 14 (2 - 3), 2002 43

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jJAnodaya itihAsa puraskAra zrImatI zAMtidevI ratanalAlajI bobarA kI smRti meM zrI sUrajamalajI bobarA, indaura dvArA sthApita jJAnodaya phAuNDezana ke saujanya se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura ke mAdhyama se jJAnodaya puraskAra kI sthApanA 1998 meM kI gaI hai| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki darzana evaM sAhitya kI apekSA itihAsa evaM purAtattva ke kSetra meM maulika zodha kI mAtrA alpa rahatI hai| phalata: yaha puraskAra jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM maulika zodha ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata puraskAra rAzi meM vRddhi karate hue varSa 2000 se prativarSa jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM sarvazreSTha zodha patra / pustaka prastuta karane vAle vidvAn ko rupaye 11000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla evaM zrIphala se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 1998 kA puraskAra rAmakathA saMgrahAlaya, phaijAbAda ke pUrva nidezaka DaoN. zailendra rastogI ko unakI kRti 'jaina dharma kalA prANa RSabhadeva aura unake abhilekhIya sAkSya' para 29.3.2000 ko samarpita kiyA gyaa| isa kRti kA jJAnodaya phAuNDezana ke Arthika sahayoga se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| varSa 1999 kA puraskAra pro. hampA nAgarAjaiyyA (Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiyah) ko unakI kRti 'A History of the Rastrakutas of Malkhed and Jainism para pradAna kiyA gyaa| varSa 2000 kA puraskAra DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina (gvAliyara) ko unakI kRti 'jaina stUpa paramparA' para ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| yaha zIghra hI samarpita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 2001 ke puraskAra ke cayana hetu prakriyA gatimAna hai, isakI ghoSaNA agale aMka meM kiyA jAnA saMbhAvita hai| varSa 2002 se cayana kI prakriyA meM parivartana kiyA jA rahA hai| aba koI bhI vyakti puraskAra hetu kisI lekha yA pustaka ke lekhaka ke nAma kA prastAva sAmagrI sahita preSita kara sakatA hai| cayanita kRti ke lekhaka ko aba ru. 11000/- kI rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti pradAna kI jaayegii| sAtha hI cayanita kati ke pastAvaka ko bhI ru 1000/- kI rAzi se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| varSa 2002 ke puraskAra hetu prastAva sAde kAgaja para evaM sambaddha kRti/Alekha ke lekhaka tathA prastAvaka ke samparka ke pate, phona naM. sahita 31 janavarI 2003 taka mAnada saciva, kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452001 ke pate para prApta ho jAnA caahiye| jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana/anusaMdhAna meM ruci rakhane vAle sabhI vidvAnoM/samAjaseviyoM se Agraha hai ki ve vigata 5 varSoM meM prakAza meM Aye jaina itihAsa/purAtattva viSayaka maulika zodha kAryoM ke saMkalana, mUlyAMkana evaM sammAnita karane meM hameM apanA sahayoga pradAna kreN| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla DaoN. anupama jaina adhyakSa mAnada saciva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 45 - 47 mAMsAhAra aura Adhunika vijJAna -DaoN. jagadIzaprasAda* mAnavIya AhAra pratyeka prANI ko jIvata rahane ke liye kisI na kisI prakAra ke bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| Adi sRSTi meM Izvara ne jaba mAnava ko utpanna kiyA, usase pUrva hI usane usake liye aneka phala - phUla Adi utpanna kara diye the, jinheM khAkara vaha vikasita huaa| bAda meM, phala - phUla ke sAtha zAka - sabjI (vaijITebala), anAja aura go- dugdha ko bhojana meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| jaba janasaMkhyA vRddhi ke sAtha mAnava (Arya) svarga (kazmIra) se pRthvI ke anya bhAgoM meM jAkara basA, jahA~ phala - phUla Adi paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha nahIM the, to usane kucha pazu-pakSiyoM ko mAMsa khAte dekhakara, pahale kaccA phira bhunA huA aura bAda meM ubalA huA mAMsa khAnA prArambha kara diyaa| isase vaha rUgNa huaa| buddhi ke vikAsa ke sAtha vijJAna kA vikAsa huaa| saMsAra meM rUgNatA - azAnti Adi ke mUla kAraNoM para vicAra karane kI dRSTi se mAMsAhAra ko vijJAna kI prayogazAlA meM parakhA jAne lgaa| isa dizA meM gata eka zatAbdI meM iMglaiNDa, amerikA Adi meM sarAhanIya zodha kArya kiyA gayA hai| isa kArya se nikale kucha niSkarSoM ko prastuta karanA vartamAna lekha kA uddezya svabhAvata: manuSya zAkAhArI prANI hai| usake dA~toM, nAkhUnoM, A~ta, lAra, AmAzayarasa, svabhAva, Adi mAMsAhArI pazuoM se bhinna hai| AhAra - nidrA - bhaya - maithuna to pazu aura mAnava donoM meM samAna haiN| mAnavayoni pAkara bhI yadi sArA jIvana inhIM cAra ke liye vyatIta kara diyA to mAnava yoni kI zreSThatA kyA huI? ina cAra ke atibhoga se to mAnava azarapha - ula - makhalUkAta (saMsAra kI sarvazreSTha kRti) nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ata: mAnava jIvana ke uddezya kI prApti ke liye aura zAnti prApta karane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki vaha vaijJAnika tathyoM ko jIvana - vyavahAra meM svIkAra kreN| mAMsAhAra se aneka roga laMdana ke DaoN. alaikjainDara hega ne apane zarIra para aneka prayoga karake 'yUrika esiDa aija e phekTara ina di koz2ezana oNpha DijIz2a' nAmaka eka grantha likhaa| isa grantha meM unhoMne likhA hai ki unakA varSoM purAnA siradarda kisI auSadhi se ThIka nahIM huA jaba taka ki unhoMne aNDA, mA~sa tathA machalI khAnA pUrNata: na chor3a diyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki mUtra meM yUrika amla ke do srota haiN| pahalA nAiTrojana yukta bhojana dvArA zarIra meM utpanna yUrika amla tathA dusarA mA~sa, mA~sa sUpa, mA~sa niSkarSa, cAya, kAphI Adi dvArA zarIra meM pahu~cAyA huA yUrika aml| ina vastuoM ke sevana se zarIra para hAnikAraka prabhAva par3atA hai aura anta meM mAIgrena tathA anya sambandhita roga utpanna hote haiN| mAMsAhAra se raktadAba vRddhi kA roga ho jAtA hai| mAMsAhAra se kolesTerola kI mAtrA asAmAnya rUpa se bar3ha jAtI hai, jo antatogatvA hRdaya roga kA kAraNa banatI hai, jisase hRdayAghAta kI sambhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai| unhoMne eka pacAsa varSIya mAMsAhArI vyakti kA udAharaNa diyA hai jise jIvana bhara mirgI ke daure par3ate the| mAMsAhAra ke sthAna para zAkAhAra lene se usake ye daure samApta ho gaye aura zeSa paccIsa varSa ke jIvana bhara vaha ThIka rhaa| * sevAnivRtta rIDara - rasAyana zAstra, 15, kRSNApurI, meraTha - 250002

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DaoN. hega kA kathana hai ki zarIra kI mA~sapeziyoM kI aiMThana tathA vAtonmAda mUrchA kA mukhya kAraNa mAMsAhAra hai| unakA mata hai ki mAMsAhAra ko chor3akara cAya yA kAphI Arambha karane se bhI zarIra kI aiMThana yA mUrchA ho jaayegii| unake anusAra mAMsAhAra se manuSya kI svArthaparatA Adi mAnasika truTiyA~ bar3hane se vyakti pAgala taka ho sakatA hai| unake prekSaNa kI puSTi karate hue DaoN. lAMge ne kahA hai ki mAMsAhAra se mAnasika zaktihInatA roga ho jAtA hai| mAMsa aura madirA kA colI-dAmana kA sAtha hai| mAMsa ke khAne ke pazcAt madirA kI icchA ko rokanA sambhava nahIM aura madirApAna ke pazcAt mAMsa khAne kI pravRtti ko rokanA asambhava hai| phrAMsa ke DaoN. jIna nuzaboM kA bhI yahI mata hai| DaoN. hega ke anusAra kisI ko jaba eka bAra mAMsAhAra kA caskA laga jAtA hai to cAya, kAphI, sigareTa kI bhA~ti vaha adhika uttejaka kI kAmanA karatA calA jAtA hai, kyoMki mAMsAhAra bhojana (nyUTrIzana) ke rUpa meM nahIM, balki uttejaka ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai| bhaviSya ke svAsthya ko giravI rakhane ke mUlya para vaha vartamAna meM jihvA kA svAda letA hai| DaoN. hega ne likhA hai ki mAMsAhAra se koSThabaddhatA bar3ha jAtI hai, jabaki phalAhAra se yaha dUra hotI hai| DaoN. viliyama rAbarTsa ne apane eka prasiddha bhASaNa 'DAyabeTiksa eNDa DispepsiyA' meM kahA hai ki mAMsAhAra meM jor3oM kI sUjana tathA sandhivAta gaThiyA nAmaka bhayaMkara roga ho jAte haiN| pazuoM ko vadha karate samaya, unameM rahe yUrika amla viSa, mauta ke bhaya se utpanna eDarInAlina nAmaka viSa anya tyAjya tathA rakta kA nissAra padArtha Adi mA~sa meM mila jAte haiN| inase yukta mA~sa khAne vAle ko gurdoM kI patharI ke roga kI sambhAvanA bahuta adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| 5 DaoN. hega kA mata hai ki machalI aura mAMsa meM yUrika amla viSa kI mAtrA bahuta adhika pAI jAtI hai| isa viSa ke rakta meM milane se kSaya (TI.bI.), yakRta kI bImArI, zvAsaroga, raktAlpatA, gaThiyA, sustI, atinidrA, ajIrNa, aneka prakAra ke siradarda, inphluenjA tathA aneka prakAra ke jvara utpanna hote haiN|" - DaoN. vAcamaina evaM DaoN. bansTAina kI sammati ke anusAra, jina vyaktiyoM kI asthiyA~ mAMsAhAra Adi ke kAraNa durbala ho gaI haiM, unheM vizeSa rUpa se adhika phaloM ke proTIna tathA gAya ke dUdha kA sevana karanA cAhiye aura mAMsa bilkula chor3a denA caahiye| AsTreliyA ke DaoN. DI. ke. DaoNna ne 'vaijITerienijma di besTa DAyaTa meM gambhIra cetAvanI dI hai ki mA~sa khAne vAloM ke peTa meM aTThAraha mITara lambA kIr3A pAyA gayA hai, ataH mAMsAhAra se bacanA caahiye| 7 46 - 'rAiTa phUDa' meM DaoN. tAlbo (iMglaiNDa) kA kathana hai ki mAMsAhAra to kevala nIca, asabhya athavA mUrkhoM kA hI bhojana ho sakatA hai mAMsa khAnA to apane peTa ko kabristAna banAnA hai| MIT (yU.esa.e.) ke 'senTara phaoNra brena sAinsez2a eNDa meTAbolijma' vibhAga dvArA zAkAhAra aura mAMsAhAra para kiye gaye tulanAtmaka adhyayanoM se jJAta huA hai ki mAMsAhAra manuSya ke zarIra kI phijiyolaoNjI ke anukUla nahIM hai zarIra ke antargata savita hone vAle vibhinna prakAra ke haoNramonoM tathA ainjAimoM para mAMsAhAra pratikUla prabhAva DAlatA hai, jo antataH aneka rogoM kA nimitta kAraNa siddha hotA hai| phileDelphiyA vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. varTamana evaM sahayogiyoM ne 1974 I. meM aneka prayogoM ke pazcAt niSkarSa nikAlA ki AhAra kI prakRti mastiSka ke jaiva rAsAyanika tatvoM tathA soroTina, DopAmina, nAraepiniphrina, esiTAila arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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kolina, hisTAmina tathA glAsana ke saMzleSaNa ko bar3e paimAne para prabhAvita karatI hai| gAyoM kA mAMsa bar3hAne ke liye iMglaiNDa meM gAyoM ko cAre ke sAtha aprAkRtika bhojana machalI kA mAMsa khilAne se 'kAUDijIz2a' nAmaka asAdhya bImArI ho gii| mAMsAhAra vyaktiyoM meM unIMdApana lAtA hai| kailiphorniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke zodha- vaijJAnika harTamaina ne san / meM tathA hArvarDa meDikala skUla ke mAikala yogamaina ne bhI isI tathya kI puSTi kI hai| 10 sTeTa yUnivarsiTI oNpha nyUyArka dvArA baphailoM meM kI gaI zodha se yaha prakAza meM AyA hai ki amerikA meM 47,000 se bhI adhika bacce aise janma lete haiM, jinheM mAtA - pitA ke mAMsAhArI hone ke kAraNa kaI bImAriyA~ janma se hI lagI hotI haiN| 11 svAsthya vibhAga ke anusAra, mAMsAhAra meM pAye jAne vAle lisTenA nAmaka viSa se dimAga kI jhillI meM sUjana (meniMgajAiTisa) jaisI bImArI ho jAtI hai| 12 pazcima meM phephar3oM ke pazcAt sarvAdhika kainsara roga bar3I A~ta meM hotA hai| phephar3oM ke kainsara kA bar3A kAraNa sigareTa hai| bar3I A~ta ke kainsara kA bar3A kAraNa hai - pazcima meM mA~sa - majjA kA adhika prayoga aura zAkAhAra kI kamI 13, jisake kAraNa ye loga zauca pratidina yA dina meM do bAra ke sthAna para saptAha meM do-tIna bAra (kucha vyakti to saptAha meM kevala eka bAra aura vaha bhI koI recaka auSadhi lekara) hI jAte haiN| mAMsAhAra hI Aja vizva meM azAnti kA kAraNa hai| 14 niSkarSa bhojana ke proTIna, kArbohAiDreTa, vasA, viTAmina tathA khanija Adi avayavoM kI dRSTi se mAMsAhAra kI tulanA meM zAkAhAra sastA, susvAda, svAsthyavarddhaka tathA hitakara hai| ata: manuSya ko mAMsAhAra nahIM, zAkAhAra hI lenA caahiye| sandarbha 1 DaoN. sudhA guptA, 'mAnavIya AhAra', eka prakAzita grantha, pRSTha 2, 45. 2. DaoN. jagadIzaprasAda, 'vRkSoM meM AtmA ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya darzana zAstroM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana', 1996, DI.liT, (saMskRta) zodha prabandha, caudharI caraNasiMha vizvavidyAlaya, meraTha, pR. 302. 3. DaoN. satyaprakAza, 'hyUmeniTeriyana DAyaTa', pR. 43 - 60 tathA 72 - 76. 4, dekheM sandarbha 2 evaM DaoN. nIlama jaina, 'zAkAhAra - eka jIvana paddhati', 1997, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.), pR. 26. 5. dekheM sandarbha 3. 6 vahI 7. vahI 8. vahI 9. dekheM sandarbha 2. 10 dekheM sandarbha 3. 11. dekheM sandarbha 4. 12. vahI 13. hemacandra jaina evaM narendrakumAra jaina, 'jIvana kI AvazyakatA : zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra', 1996, zrI varddhamAna jaina sevaka maMDala, dillI, pR. 15. 14. subhASacandra jaina, 'zAkAhAra kI vijaya', 1997, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mUjaphpharanagara (u.pra.), pR. 58. arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita sAhitya pustaka kA nAma lekhaka I.S.B.N. kramAka mUlya *1. jainadharma kA sarala paricaya paM. balabhadra jaina 81-86933-00-X200.00 2. bAlabodha jainadharma, pahalA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-01-8 1.50 saMzodhita 3. bAlabodha jainadharma, dusarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-02-6 1.50 4. bAlabodha jainadharma, tIsarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-03-4 3.00 5. bAlabodha jainadharma, cauthA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-04- 2 4.00 6. naitika zikSA, prathama bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 -05-0 4.00 7. naitika zikSA, dUsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-06-9 4.00 8. naitika zikSA, tIsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 -07-7 4.00 9. naitika zikSA, cauthA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-08-5 6.00 10. naitika zikSA, pAMcavAM bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-09-3 6.00 11. naitika zikSA, chaThA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 10-7 6.00 12. naitika zikSA, sAtavA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 11-5 6.00 13. The Jaina Sanctuaries of Dr. T.V.G. Shastri 81-86933 - 12 - 3 500.00 the Fortress of Gwalior 14. jaina dharma - vizva dharma paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 81-86933 - 13-1 10.00 15. mUlasaMdha aura usakA prAcIna paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933 - 14-X 70.00 sAhitya 16. Jain Dharma Pt. Nathuram 81-86933 - 15-8 20.00 Vishwa Dharma Dongariya Jain *17. amara granthAlaya meM saMgrahIta saMpA. - DaoN. anupama jaina 81-86933 - 16-6 200.00 ___pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI evaM anya *18, AcArya kundakunda zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho saMpA- DaoN. anupama jaina 81-86933 - 17-4 200.00 meM saMgrahIta pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI evaM anya 19. madhyapradeza kA jaina zilpa zrI narezakumAra pAThaka 81-86933 - 18 - 2 300.00 *20. bhaTTAraka yazakIrti diga. jaina sarasvatI saMpA- DaoN. anupama jaina 81-86933 - 19-0200.00 bhaNDAra, RSabhadeva meM saMgrahIta evaM anya pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI 21. jainAcAra vijJAna muni sunIlasAgara 81-86933 - 20 -4 20.00 22. samIcIna sArvadharma sopAna paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 81-86933-21-2 20.00 23. An Introduction to Jainism Pt. Balbhadra Jain 81-86933-22 - 0 100.00 & Its Culture 24. Ahimsa : The Ultimate Winner Dr. N.P. Jain 81-86933-23-9 100.00 25. jIvana kyA hai? DaoN. anila kumAra jaina 81-86933 - 24-7 50.00 * anupalabdha noTa : pUrva ke sabhI sUcI patra radda kiye jAte haiN| mUlya parivartanIya haiN| prApti samparka : kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura - 452 001 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002 48

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Vol. 14, No. 4, 2002, 49-60 ARHAT VACANA Kuntakunta Jhanapitha. Inachon THE JAINA HAGIOGRAPHY AND THE SATKHANDAGAMA Dr. Bhuvanendra Kumar * According to the Jaina records, the origin of the Jaina religion can be traced back many millennia to Rsabha, the first Tirthankara, also known by the term Jina. Since his time, there have been a total of twenty-four such Jinas, the last being Mahavira. Thus the envolvement of Jainism occuring over many millennia in subcontinent India will furnish a Jaina hagiography for an historic perspective. 1. Early Jaina Hagiography - Primarilly, there are two main narrative structures for early Jaina hagiographies : those about the Tirth ankars who made doctrinal assertions and postulated theories on various philosophical perspectives, and the ganadharas, the immediate principal disciples of the Tirthankaras. These hagiographies furnish a total of twenty-four names of the T'irthankaras, who have taken birth over many millennia. While all Tirthankaras reaffirmed the fundamental beliefs of Jaina religion during different socio-cultural eras and civilizations, they often introduced additional philosophical pronouncements which better reflected existing social and societal schema. That is, upon enlightenment, each Jina had gathered a set of disciples, known as ganadharas who, after receving philosophical postulates directly from their respective Tirthankaras, elucidated and elaborated the meaning and essence of various doctrines of their Master into tenets of ethical morals for the larger benefit of human kind. 1.1 The Tirthankaras The lives and times of twenty-four Tirthankaras living in different eras of subcontinent India have been classified into three periods - proto - historic, pre-historic and histroic. According to tradition, the first two Tirthankaras, Rsabha and Ajitanatha, should be assigned to the proto - historic period, circa 6800 - 7000 B.C.E. Prof. P.M. Joseph, based on the Jaina text Mahapurana, has provided the picture of the socio-anthropological aspects of the times of Rsabha. It was that of proto - historic Indian life where there existed a particular fusion of cultural, social and societal order which was governed by fourteen successive Kulakaras Nabhiraja was the last Kulakara. He was followed by his son, Rsabha. * Editor - Jinamanjari, 4665 Moccasin Trail, Mississauga, ON, Canada L4Z2w5.

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Ajitanatha, the son of King Jitasatru and Queen Vijaya of the kingdom known as Vinita, succeeded Rsabha. These two Tirthankaras were said to have lived somewhere between the proto- and early pre-historic periods.' The pre-historic period witnessed a flourishing Indus Valley Civilization, and the birth of Sambhavanatha, the third Tirthankara. In the succeeding periods, the births of seven Tirthankaras from Abhinandana to Sitalanatha have been reported. According to scholars the time of Sitalanatha saw the rise of the Aryans. In the subsequent eras of Tirthankara Sreyanisa to that of Munisubrata, the full growth of the Vedic culture occurred. Munisubrata was a contemporary of Dasaratha and Rama, who were said to be responsible for bringing about reconciliation between the Jainistic (Sramanic) and Vedic systems. The historic period of sub-continent India begins with Tirthankara Naminatha whose date has been assigned to circa 1400-1200 B.C.E., a period considered as the formative years of the Upanisads. The next Tirthankara Aristanemi has been assigned to circa 1200-1000 B.C.E. This era has also been considered as the period of the middle or later Upanisads, Parsvanatha lived from 877-777 B.C.E., and Mahavira lived from 599-527 B.C.E. 1.2 The Ganadharas and Systemization of Scriptural Knowledge The Sacred Scriptures of the Jainas are called the Agamas. Tradition attributes their origin to the times of Rsabha, and states that the Agamic knowledge had been continuously developed up to the times of Mahavira and that teaching of the Tirthankars were formalized into doctrional theories by the ganadharas. That the ancient Agamic literature existed prior to the times of Mahavira is supported. According to scholars, ancient Jaina records reveal that the ganadharas of Parsvanatha and Mahavira had systemized the doctrinal theories of their Masters with a structural scheme and a definite form to the Agamas by importing and systemizing the Agamas by means of stringing them into suttas (Prakrit, SK. sutras.)". One of the names of the ganadharas, Prabhara, disciple of Mahavira, has been reported from an archaeological site excavated at Vaddamanu in the southern state of Andhra. The inscription occurred in the archaeological stratum dating to circa 300 B.C.E. It mentions the name of one Prabhara. The hagiographic record reports that Prabhara was one of the eleven disciples of Mahavira. According to Dr. T.V.G. Sastri, Prabhasa (573-533 B.C.E.) name occuring at Vaddamanu has been Sanskritized to 'Prabhara as found in the posterior caves of Udayagiri on Orissa. To date this is the first archacological evidence supporting the hagiographic data of the names of the ganadharas of Mahavira. 50 Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002

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It is an established fact that Agamic knowledge was passed on by the ganadharas to their disciples. The question is, in what media was this knowledge passed on? Was it oral medium, or written texts? A number of internal evidences are found in ancient Jaina texts, such as the Dasavaikulika of Pontiff Svayambhava (491 - 429 B.C.E.) in circa 452, and Brhatkalpa, Vyavahara and Nisitha works of Pontiff Bhadrabahu - 1 (360 B.C.E.)Which point out that Agamic knowledge was passed on to the successive generations by means of written material. They furnish quite a few internal evidence to the fact that they were contemporary works. Also, the earliest Jaina inscription, Barli fragmentary stone record from Rajashtan, belonging to fourth or fifth B.C.E. throws light on the existence of writing and Prakrit literature in India. This inscription, which is at Ajmer Museum, was found in the temple of Bhilot Mata, about 1.5. kms from Barli village, situated about 54 kms southeast of Ajmer. The stone is a part of the hexagonal pillar and contains four lines, wrillen in Prakrit mixed with Sanskrit. The first line refers to 'Vira Bhagavana (Mahavira). According to Halder, the second line refers to a period (84th year) to the reckoned from the nirvana of Mahavira, which corresponds to 528-27 B.C.E.". According, K.P. Sharma views the date of the inscription would be equivalent to 528 - 84 = 444 or 443 B.C.E. The fourth line contains the name Majhimika, a Prakrit version of Madhyamika, a place now known as Nagari near Chittorgarh. On palaeographical grounds, scholars like K.P. Jayaswal, G.H. Ojha and R.R. Halder are of the view that the Barli inscription is anterior to Asoka, and therefore assigned it to fourth or fifth B.C.E.' Coupled with the Barli record and the internal evidences of ancient Jaina texts, it may be easily said that at least from the times of Pontiff Svayambhava (491 -429 B.C.E.), there were written works available for the diffusion of Jaina philosophy. Based on the Barli record and the internal evidences that occur in ancient Jaina texts, it can be assumed that Agamic knowledge and its diffusion took place through written works. In light of this, a subjective approach and research on archaic writing system in Indian continent would furnish valuable data on the writing itself and certainly would shed light on the nature, growth and diffusion of Agamic thought and its associated literature. In the predominent Indian view, both the concept of antiquity and the art of writing in India has little attention as the Vedas were said to have been transmitted orally, with no claim of authorship, other than the vedas were the words of God. There is a body of scholarly opinion that Jainaism is the oldest living religion of Indian subcontinent, tracing its birth to the indigenous Dravidian Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 51

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culture. In view of this, the origin of its Agama knowledge can be attributed. undeniably to the Tirthankaras and the authorship of the Agamas to the ganadharas. This leads to one conclusion that succesive Pontiffs passed on Agama knowledge, from generation to generation, via written texts and not just by oral tradition. Other records also indicate that there were attempts to commit the Agams into writing. For example, the First Jaina Synod of Pataliputra was convened in circa 358 B.C.E. by Sthulabhadra (407-308 B.C.E.), the son of Sakatala. the Premier of Nanda King IX. Sthulabhadra at the time had assumed the position of cheif Pontiff in absence of Bhadrabahu-I who has travelled south in anticipation of the great famine that would take place in the North." The committing of the Agams though took place at the time, it was not universaly convened by Cedi emperor Kharavela of Kalinga, in his 13th regnal year, circa 172 B.C.E. The council was held on the top of Udayagiri hill near present Bhuv..neswar, capital of modern Orissa. The site was a quadrilateral consisting of stone plateform, situated adjacent to the shrine commissioned by Queen Sindhul. In accordance with the samavasarana description, a pale red quadrilateral pillar was laid with beryl in front of the Assembly Hall, apparently to serve as manastambha." Mirji Annarao, a noted scholar of Jainism in Marathi and Kannada, has estimated that this Council was well attended. Jinakalpi and sthavirakalpl monks, 200 each in number. Some of the names of the representatives of the first group were Ballistha, Bhodhalinga. Devicarya and Dharmasenacarya and was led by Sustitha. The latter group was headed by Syamacarya. There was the arjika (Arvika) order, 700 strong. Their chief was Payiniye. There was also another 300 other monks, as well as kings, heads of merchant guilds, and laity. The Council presided over by Acarya Sustitha, was established to redact the Agama scripture.12 1.3 Mulasangha and the Southern Council - According to Professor Jyoti Prasad Jain, records reveal that the genealogy of Southern Milasangha began from the time of Bhadrabhu-11 (37-14 B.C.E.). He was followed by Kundakunda (41 B.C.E. to 44 C.E.) and Lohacarya (4 B.CE. to 38 C.E.) Arhadhali was the next Pontiff of the Southern milasangha. It was during his time that Arhadbali convened the Council of Sothern. Monks, and later, at the request of Dharasena of Girnar in Gujrat, he dispatched his disciples Puspadanta (c. 50 to 80 CE) and Bhitabali (c. 26 to 90 C.E.) to Gujrat to study the part of the old scripture which would have become non-existent if not for Dharasena. The Monk, Bhitabali, has been identified with Nahapana, the Saka King Ksaharata of Saurastra by Prof. Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 52

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Jain. King Nahapana was said to have ascended the throne in C.E. 26, and after his defeat at the hands of Gautamiputra Satakarni, he abdicated the throne and became a Jaina monk.' The Jaina text Tiloyapannatti, which was originally, written in C.E. 176, reports the above account. According to this next, the first Saka chief, Ksaharata, waged war on Ujjain in 66 B.C.E., and was a predecessor of Nahapana. It also potes that Nahapana was rivaled by the Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarni of Paithan. Nahapana was defeated in the war at Bhrgukaccha by Gautamiputra Satakarni. The Avasyaka and Chrni texts also give some accounts of Nahapana. Following the defeat at the battle, Nahapana abdicated the throne and was initiated to Jaina monkhood. Later, he was given the ascetic name of Bhutabali. The later Sakas - Gasomatika and Castana - who were in the service of Nahapana. again rose to power in Ujjaini. Dr. T.V.G. Sastri, who discovered Saka chiefs' names from Jaina archaeological site, Vaddamanu in Andhara Predesh, has assigned the discovery to the times of Nahapana. Further, he has noted that the inscription about Dhamuti and his family at Vaddamanu clearly indicates that Dhamuti was a resident of Vaddamanu, and the name, according to Jaina texts, was that of the father of Castana. The finds from Vaddamanu thus corroborate the royal origin of Acarya Bhutabali, the Southern Jaina Cowicil of Mahimonagari, and the composition of the Satkhandagama Accordingly, the Jaina Council of Southern Monks at Mahimanagari on the river bank of Krishnavena was convened in 66 C.E. by Arhadbali.'5 This has been supported and confirmed by the recent archaeological discovery of a Bramhi inscription of about First C.E. found in one of the caves at Akkanna - Maddanna in the Bezawada area of Andhra statel This group consequently produced the procanonical work known as the Satkhandagama. It was a work of two Jainaacaryas - Puspadanta and Bhutabali. The work was completed between the years 66 - 75 C.E." Its Hindi edition with commentory Dhavata has been published in 16 Volumes, 2. The Satkhandagama (Scripture in Six Parts) This post - canonical Prakrit text of the Jainas system is a work clearly cherished by the Digambaras. The name of the text not only referenced in many texts but also appears in the Bijolia lithic record of the Chuhamana King Somesvara (CE 1169) of Rajashtan. The word Satkhandagama has been mentioned in this record in verse 41, and according to Dr. Gopal Krishna Sharma, the term Satkhandagama has been used to refer to the Agams. The Jaina Saint Dharasena (circa 156 C.E.) taught it to Puspadanata and Bhutabali and it was they who committed it to writing between the years Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 53

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87 to 156 C.E. Soon thereafter, Saint Gunabhadra, drawing on the same source of Dharasena, complied a second work "called Kasayaprabhrta. Both these early texts deal with Jaina theories of bondage of the soul. In medieval times, these texts were venerated as siddhanta in the South and one who mastered it was honoured with the title of siddhanta cakravarfi, as is known in the case of famous author Nemicandra (C.E. 950) It has been observed that Satkhandagama resembles the Prajnapana )(explanations) text authored by monk Arya Syama who flourished in circa 79 B.C.E. The resemblance is found in both style and content." The Satkhandagama contains about six thousand long or short aphorisms in Saurasent dominant Prakrit, and is influenced by Ardhamagadhi, Maharastri and other native dialects. It is said to have originated from the treatise of Mahakarma Prakrti Prabhrta on Agguayani (Sk. Agriyant), the second text of the extinct Purva Anga. The sub-text has 24 anuyogadvaras (disquisition doors) and from them that the Satkhandagama was developed. The work deals with the Jainas philosophical system and its various components as applied to living beings in terms of life, the activity thereof by way of mattergy and the final strands of karma bondage. The technicalities and experience processes are the subject matter which the work deals in six parts under the following headings (1) Jivatthaname (Prakrit. Sk. is jivasthana, stations of the living heings). (2) Ksudraka Bandha (karmic bondage). (3) Bandha-svamitva (Specifics of Karma Bondage) (4) Vedana (karma experiencing) (5) Vargana (variforms of mattergy and karma) and (6) Mahabandha (Great bondage) with eighteen sub-text. 2.1 Commentaries on Satkhandagama - Indranandi (C.E. 930) in his work Srutavatara has mentioned six commentaries. Accordingly. Samantabhadra composed a commentary in Sanskrit, and Padmanandi of Tamilnadu wrote Parikarma on three parts of the Satkhandagama, Virasena composed the Dhavala. Later, Samkundacarya wrote a commentary, using a mix of Prakrit, Sanskrit and Kannada languages, on five parts less the Mahabandha. Tambultracarya of the village of Tumbalure in Karnataka composed Cudamani in Kannada, Bappadeva also wrote a commentary on five parts excluding Mahabandha, and on Kasaya Prabhrta in Prakrit. 3. The Jaina University at Vatana and The Dhavala - Ancient Vatana is identified with Vani, a village situated 40 kms northeast of Nasik Highway in Maharastra. During the reign of Subhatunga Indra, the second king of the Rastrakuta empire, he commissioned a Jaina Shrine at Vatana, which later became the seat of the university. The small 54 Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002

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range of Candor hills have a series of caves known as the Cambharlen caves, which were used by Jaina monks as their retreat. The monks, according to Prof. Jyoti Prasad Jaina, belonged to the Past casttipanvaya line, which in later years came to be known in Deccan India as Senagana. The history of Pan cassapanvaya begins at Varanasi. Acarya Gunanandi of the line moved from Varanasi in the fifth century to Pahadpur (in modern Bangladesh), where the disciples founded a Jaina center, which in due course of time, became famous as Batgohali shrine. In the following century, one Rsabhanandi from Batgohali shrine traveled south, where Jainism was accorded both large patronage and adherents from the ruling families. Srisena, a pupil of Rsabhanandi from Batagonali, also travelled south. During the first part of eight century, Candrasenacarya, a disciple of Srisena, became the head of the monastic order, which had come down from Batagohali and had firmly established Senagana. It was Candrasenacarya who founded the Jaina university at Vatana. The university was said to have flourished for about 150 years. Nayanandi (C.E. 1042), the author of Sudarsena Carite, has also referrd to this university. In light of this, Prof. J.P. Jaina has observed that it suggests that the author himself not only had heard but had scen it." The Dhavala Acarya Virasena, the celebrated saint and scholar of medieval India, was said to have royal descent. Prof. J.P. Jain has observed that Virasena was possibly of Royal descent being an illegitimate son of King Dhavalappadeva of Citogadh in Rajasthan. He was a student at Vatana University and later had become a teacher at the university. As well he was said to have been sent by Aryanandi, the Rector of the University, to Citogadh to study canonical works under Elacarya, one of the great canonical scholars of the times. After his return from Citogadh. Virasena was entrusted with the study of the Satkhandagama. His study team consisted of six members - Jayasena, his colleague and his pupils Dasarataguru, Sripala, Vinayasena, Padmasena and Jinasena - II. The study, which was initiated in the year 792 C.E., was the high period of the Rastrakuta empire. During the reign of Jagatunga Govinda - III, who had the title of Tribhuvana Dhavla, Acarya Virasena finished 20,000 verses on the 8th of October 816, and in honour of his king Govinda, he named his work as Dhavala. Jinasena - II. a pupil of Virasena, completed the unfinished part of the work in C.E. 837-38, and his part of the work was called Jaya Dhavala in honour of his royal disciple Amonghavarsva, who bore the title of atisaya Dhavala." Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 55

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The genesis and popularity of the Dhavala commentary have solid connection to the Rustrakutas in the Deccan and their branch at Hastikundi, as well was the Chahamana in Western India. In the Western India branch of the Imperial Rastrakutas, the Hastikundi Rastrakutas not only commissioned the Rsabha Jina temple at Hastikundi, and gave grants, but also named one of the kings as Dhavala. "The Bijapur inscription (C.E. 940) preserved in the Ajmer Museum furnishes the information as to his name and his many endowments to Jaina establishments. As noted already, the appearance of the name of pro-canonical Satkhandagama in the Bijoloa lithic record of Chuhamana king Somesvara, (C.E. 1169) attests to the fact that both works - Satkhandagama and its commentary the Dhavala were held in high in esteem by kings and ordinary people, from the south to the western part of India. In this contexts, the adjective Dhavala stands for bright, white, luminescence, and probably it is an appropriate term for it synthesizes accumulate knowledge and introspection of saint scholars Dharasena, Puspavanta and Bhutabali. 4. The Hindi Edition of Satkhandagama There appears to be two principle people who worked on the Hindi edition of the Satkhandagama. One was Pandit Hiralal Jain, a reputed Siddhanta Sastri and Nyayatirtha, and Prof. Hiralal Jain, the General Editor of the whole 16 volumes of the Satkhandagama works, based on the Dhavala commentary. 4.1 The Dhavala Manuscript The Dhavata palin - leaves manuscript preserved now at Mudabidri in the western part of Karnataka, based on palaeography evidences, belongs the time of Billivardhana, the Hoysala king, and his queen, Santala. The manuscript is dated CE 1113. The records also show that at the time of the Later Ganga monarchy, which ruled mandali - 1000 - nadu in the Tunga and Bhadra river region of Shimoga district of modern Karnataka, the Dhavala was copied twice. During the reign of Bhujabala Garga, the copy of Dhavata was cominissioned by Devamati, mother-in-law of the king. It was given to Subhacandradeva (C.E. 1119), the chief preceptor of caityalaya at Bannikere, commissioned by Bacaladevi, queen of Bhujabala Ganga. In the beginning of the twelth century, Mallikabbe, queen consort of Sunusenaraja, also commissioned the copying work of the Dhavala, and gave it to her preceptor. Maghanandi. The Jaina copyists who were well versed in Prakrit. Sanskrit and Kannada had used a specially prepared ink instead of an iron - style so that the work would last longer 56 Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002

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The Dhavala script is in old Kannada, scribed on palm leaves. It was scribed at Sravanabelgola, about 200 miles east of Mudabidre, and was preserved in the Siddhanta basadi complex. Sometimes after 1600 C.E., the collection of the manuscripts was moved to Mudabidre. The content mostly on Prakrit is scribed on 592 strips of leaves which measure 27 inches wide by 3 inches long. The manuscript was rediscovered by Pandit Todarmal (1740-1767 C.E.). who was a scholar of Prakrit, Sanskrit, Hindi and Kannada, which he had taught himself. He had set a plan in motion to collect the Dhavala manuscript such that it could be published. Unfortunately, the project never materialized."7 In the next several decades. Manikchand of Solapur (Maharastra) saw the manuscript in 1883. and through his efforts from 1896 to 1922 - the contents of the manuscript were hand scribed by six scholars to repute. one of whom was Lokanatha Sastri. Copies were made on 1500 sheets of paper measuring 14 by 6 inches in Hindi script and 2800 sheets in Kannada. However, the trustees of the place did not agree to part with the scribed copies. It was with the effort of concealed scribing by the wife of the Kannada scriber, that the Kannada copy of the manuscript found its way out to Saharanpur in north India. There in 1926. it was read by Gajpati Sastri and scribed in Hindi by Sitaram Sastri. Later a dozen copies of the material reached Jain temples around the country." 4.2 The Reconstruction of Hindi of Satkhandagama - At the 1935 Convention of Jain Mahasabha at Itarsi, the Jain community of India launched the Dhavala project, with specific objectives and guidelines. The monumental project was thus begun. deciphering the Dhavala contents and integrating it with other commentaries. A team consisting of three scholars Pandit Hiralal Sastri, Prof. Hiralal Jain and Pandit Phoolchandra Jain was entrusted with the project. Pandit Hiralal Sastri with his deep knowledge of nyaya syllogism gained through the study of Prameya Ratnamala of Anantavira had brought inside into the reconstruction work, through the practical usage of Prakrit, Nyaya syllogism in conjunction with anekanta and its structural elaboration in Jaina thought, therefore, has simplified for the team a larger understanding of Jaina philosophical postulations. particularly of this pro-canonical work.29 5. The Satprarupana Sutra Sat has Prakrit roots and it refers to the intrinsic distillate of reality, whereas sacch (Prakrit, satya in Sanskrit) - truth applies to a statement. The term prarupana (enunciation) is not a miripana (insight based opinion). Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 57

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The syllogistic roots of pra lie in the prameya, pramana and parikcha processes of Jaina view for validation, but not necessarily with a specific objective or hetu. 30 The first one hundred seventy seven suttas (Prakrit, sutras in Sanskrit) from the first volume known as the Satprarupana. It elaborates in the subject of living and non-living entities in terms of the physical concepts of space and time in the realm of the human condition and activity. The first twenty-three suttas of the Satprarupana provide a remarkable guide to the deeper issues of the human condition. They bring out the Agamic thought of world-view, and asserts that the world in knowable through human efforts to create verified knowledge. The Satprarupana text as a whole conceptulizes the physiognomical system of living heing based on the Jaina scriptural reading, and classifies them into fourteen stages, under fourteen margana (investigation) categories and through eight anuyogadvaras (disquisition doors). This is explained in three sub-texts, namely: (a) Enunciation of Existence (b) Numeration of Living Beings, based on Dravyapramananugama (one of the disquisition doors (c) Eutikas (nine appendices) in three sub-texts. Outsides of the suttas, the subject matter is treated and explained by adopting 'ogha' (generalization) and 'adesa (specialization) descriptional methodology. The contents thus may be summarized by sutta numbers in the following presentation: Mangalacarana (Bendedictory Prologue, s.1). Marganas (Methods of Investigations, s.2). Anuyogadvaras (Disquisition Doors, s.5). Ogha and Adesa (Descriptional Categories, s. 8-9), Gati (Destinity, s. 24), Indriya (Senses, S. 33). Kaya (Embodiment, s. 39), Yoga (Activities, s. 47), Veda (Libido, s. 101), Kasayas (Passions, s. 111), Jana (Knowledge, s. 115), Darsana (Conation, s. 123), Samyama (Restraint, s. 131), Lesya (Colouration. Aureola. s. 136), Bhavyatva (Liberatablity, s. 141), Samyaktva (Righteousness, s. 144). Sanji (Instinctive, s. 172) and Ahara (Food intake, s. 175-177). From this, it can be noted that eight out of the fourteen characteristics like destinity, senses activity, embodiments, libido, instincts, intake and colourations deal with physically living beings; and the rest relate to the psychology of human beings, in terms of passsions, knowledge, conations, righteousness, liberatbility and restraint. Thus, the text takes into consideration both the physical and psychological aspects of living beings. The Satprarupana therefore is considered as one of the earliest text in India that deals with such subjects. as the biology and psychology of living beings in a structurally systematized 58 Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002

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presentation. As such, the Satprarupana is an important source for the study of early history of sciences In India. 6. The Completion of Hindi Edition of Satkhandagama The maiden edition of Satprarupana in 410 pages was published on the 7th of November 1939. Credits for the authorship of the edition were made in this order: Prof. Hiralal Jain, editor - with Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Indexes : Pandit Phoolchandra Siddhanta Sastri and Pandit Hiralal Siddhanta Sastri Nyayatirtha were creditied as co-editors: Pandit Devakinandan Siddhanta Sastri and Dr. A.N. Upadhye, M.A., D. Litt. were credited for research." A second volume was followed within the year, and by 1942, the next three volumes were published. This team produced the first five volumes of Satkhandagama. Prof. Hiralal Jain had provided the input for the historical context in the European academic format: Pandit Phoolchandra had grammatical and linguistic expertise, and Pandit Hiralal Siddhanta Sastri Nyayatirtha had Prakrit etymology and nyaya based perspective for inference and validation. Secondary intelectual assistance had also came from many, notably Nathuram Premi. Devaki Nandan and Dr. A.N. Upadhye. By 1958, rest of the eleven volumes of the Satkhandagama, for a total of sixteen volumes, were published. REFERENCES - 1. Dr. Bhuvanendra Kumar, Jainism in America, pp. 42-53, Jain Humanities Press, Canada and USA 1966 2. Dr. P.M. Joseph, Jinaman jari, oct. 1992. 3. Jainism in America, pp. 45-46. 4. Ibid., pp.50; 52-53 5. Ibid. pp. 54-60 6. Ibid., p. 68 7. Dr. T.V.G. Sastri, Vaddamanu Excavations, p. 138. Hydrabad, BACRI, 1992 8. Dr.P.S. Jaini, Jaina Path of Purification, p. 62. University of California, Berkeley, USA 9. Dr. Krishna Gopal Sharma, Early Jaina Inscriptions of Rajasthan, pp. 1-3:6-9 Navrang Publication, New Delhi, 1993 10. Dr. Shashi Kant. The Huthigwmpha Inscriptions of Kharavela and the Bhabru Edict as Asoka, pp. 62 - 63. Prints India, Delhi, India, 1971 11. Ibid. 12. Prof. Mirji Annaraya, Jaina Dharma, p. 164. D.V.K. Murthy Publication, Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002 59

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Mysore. India 1969. 1.3. Jainism in America, p. 82 14. Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain, History of Ancient India from Jaina Sources. pp. 10 - 1:2 15. ibid., p. 268 16. B.S.L., Hanumata Rao. Religion in Andhra, p. 165. Archaeological Dept. of Andhra, Hydrabad, 1993 17. Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain, p. 268 18. Satpraruipana, Hindi, p.7, ed. of Varni Publication. Varanasi, 1971 19. Ibid., pp. 10-11 20. Jinaman jari, Vol.21. April 2000 21. Ibid. 22. Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain, p. 188 23. Jaina Art and Architecture, Vol. II, pp. 385-386, Bharatiya Jnanpith, Delhi. 24. Early Jaina Inscriptions of Rajasthan, pp. 17-19, 92-93 25. Jaina Art and Architecture. 26. Dr. Nagarajiah ilampa, The Later Ganas : Mandali Thousand, pp. 86-88. Ankita Pustaka, Bangalore, India, 1999 27. Satish K. Jain, Progressive Jains of India, pp. 11 - 12. New Delhi, 1975 28. Dr. Mahendra Kumar Jain, Professor at University of Delaware, USA kindly furnished the information from the handwritten notes of his father Siddhanta Sustri and Nyayatirtha Pandit Hiralal. 29. Ibid. 30. From the Forth coming English edition. Satprarupana of Acarya Puspadanta, Jain Humanities Press, Canada and USA 31. Hiralal Jain. Prameya Ratnamala of Anantavira, Caukambha Vidyabhavan. Varanasi, 1964. 32. See 1939 Hindi edition of Satprarapana. Received : 9.4.2002 60 Arhat Vacana, 14(4). 2002

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varSa-14, aMka-4, 2002, 61-68 arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura SaTkhaMDAgama aura dhavalA, jayadhavalA, mahAdhavalA Adi usakI TIkAe~ - DaoN. gulAbacanda jaina* AtmazraddhAna, AtmajJAna evaM AtmaramaNatApUrvaka mana, vacana, kAya ke samyaka nirodha tathA kaThina tapazcaraNa ke pazcAt tIrthakara prakRti kI pUrNatA svarUpa kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai tathA kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt tIrthakaroM kA sarvajana hitAya dharmacakra pravartana prArambha hotA hai| dharmacakra pravartana ke pUrva indrAdika devatAoM dvArA samavazaraNa kI racanA kI jAtI hai| samavazaraNa meM virAjamAna tIrthakara bhagavaMtoM kI vANI zravaNa karane hetu muni-AryikA, deva-deviyA~, nara - nArI, pazu-pakSI Adi sabhI samavazaraNa sthala para ekatrita hokara bhagavAna kI oMkAra rUpa nirakSarI vANI ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM saralatApUrvaka samajha kara Atma kalyANa karate haiN| tIrthakaroM kI vANI meM arthAgama kI pradhAnatA hotI hai jise kuzAgra buddhi gaNadhara zabda zarIra pradAna karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacanoM meM karaNAnuyoga, dravyacarcA, cAritranirUpaNa evaM sAtvika vivecana Adi sabhI siddhAntoM para carcA hotI hai| gaNadhara una sarvadharmAtmaka pravacanoM meM se cAritra viSayaka vArtAoM ko AcArAMga meM, kathAMza ko jJAtRdharma kathA evaM upAsakAdhyayanAMga meM tathA praznottara ko vyAkhyA - prajJapti evaM prazna vyAkaraNa Adi aMzoM meM samAhita kara Agama kI racanA karate haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAna kI vANI se ni:sata mUlagAthAoM evaM vAkyAMza tathA gaNadharoM dvArA unakI bhASA meM prastuta bhASya va artha ko Agama yA mUla siddhAnta kahA jAtA hai| AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta prAmANika hone para bhI Agama kI zreNI meM nahIM Ate haiM, unheM siddhAnta hI kahA jAtA hai| Agama - zruta yA siddhAnta aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| bhAva kI apekSA zruta anAdi nidhana hai - vaha na kabhI utpanna hotA hai aura na kabhI usakA vinAza hotA hai| jabaki dravyazruta kAlAzrita hai| yogya dravya, kSetra, kAla meM jJAnI, nigraMtha, vItarAgI AcAryoM dvArA prakRSTa jJAna ke rUpa meM isakI utpatti hotI hai tathA isase viparIta avasthAoM meM bAhya vighna bAdhAoM ke kAraNa isakA vinAza, abhAva bhI ho jAtA hai| rAjagRha nagarI ke vipulAcala parvata para raudra muhUrta meM, candramA ke abhijita nakSatra meM rahate tInoM lokoM meM pUjya bhagavAna varddhamAna svAmI dvArA dharma tIrtha pravartaka divya upadeza - bhAvazruta prasArita haA thA jise cAroM vedoM meM pAraMgata evaM SaDaMga vidyAoM meM nipuNa saccaritra zreSTha brAhmaNa kulotpanna indrabhUti gautama ne bAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrva ke rUpa - zrutaparyAya meM pariNita kiyaa| ata: dravyazruta ke kartA gautama gaNadhara haiN| ziSyoM ko vistRta rUpa se samajhAne ke liye manISI AcAryoM dvArA dazavaizAlika evaM uttarAdhyayana ke rUpa meM racita dvAdazAMga zruta ko aMgapraviSTa zruta tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI kI mUla bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa artha rUpa meM racita zruta ko aMgabAhya zruta kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa aMtara hone para bhI, tIrthakaroM ke pravacanakAla meM upasthita buddhi evaM RddhidhArI kevalI tathA zrutakevalI gaNadharoM dvArA nibaddha kiye jAne ke kAraNa donoM hI zruta prAmANika haiN| aMgapraviSTa zruta AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyA - prajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadaza, aMta:kRtadaza, anuttaropAdika daza, prazna - vyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra tathA dRSTipravAda rUpa bAraha agoM meM vibhAjita hai| * Co. rAjakamala sTorsa, vidizA (mapra)

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viSaya evaM pada saMkhyA ke anusAra - 1. AcArAMga meM aSTa zuddhi, tIna gupti evaM pA~ca samiti rUpa muniyoM ke caraNa Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| isakI padasaMkhyA 18,000 hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM jJAna, vinaya, prajJApana, kalyANakalpa, chedopasthApanA tathA vyavahAra dharmaparaka jJAna evaM dhArmika rItiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 36,000 sthAnAMga meM eka va aneka bhedarUpa jIva va pudagalAdi kA varNana hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 42,000 hai| samavAyAMga meM dravyAdi kI apekSA eka dUsare ke sahayoga kA varNana hai| isameM 1,64,000 pada haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti - isa aMga meM jIva hai yA nahIM hai, ityAdi kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| isameM chaha hajAra praznoM ke uttara bhI diye gaye haiN| isakI pada saMkhyA 2,28,000 jJAtRdharmakathAMga meM jIvAdi tatvoM ke svabhAva, ratnatraya va dazalakSaNa rUpa dharma kA svarUpa tathA bhavya, jJAnI sAMsArika mahApuruSoM se sambandhita kathAoM kA nirUpaNa evaM saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 5,56,000 pada haiN| upAsakAdhyayanAMga meM gRhastha zrAvakoM ke caritra dharma kA AkhyAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 11,70,000 hai| aMta:kRtadazAMga meM pratyeka tIrthakara ke kAla meM ghora upasarga sahana kara aMta: kRtakevalI hone vAle dasa-dasa muniyoM ke cAritra kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM 23,28,000 pada haiN| 9. anuttaropapAdikadazAMga meM pratyeka tIrthakara ke kAla meM upasarga sahanakara anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hone vAle dasa -- dasa sAdhuoM kI kathA ullikhita hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 92,44,000 hai| 10. praznavyAkaraNAMga meM trikAla evaM trailokya saMbaMdhI aneka praznoM ke uttara tathA loka evaM zAstroM meM pracalita zabdoM ke artha diye gaye haiN| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 93,16,000 11. vipAkasUtrAMga meM karmabandha tathA karmaphaloM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 18,40,000 hai| 12. dRSTipravAdAMga meM 363 matoM kA ullekha va unakA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA 10,68,56,005 hai| isa prakAra bAraha aMgoM ke kula padoM kI saMkhyA 1,12,83,58,005 hai| aMtima aMga dRSTipravAda zruta ke pA~ca bheda haiM - parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata evaM cuulikaa| pUrvagatazruta bhI utpAda pUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryAnupravAda, astinAsti pravAda. jJAnapravAda, satya pravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnupravAda, kalyANapravAda, prANavAya, kriyAvizAla tathA loka bindusAra - ina caudaha bhedoM meM vibhAjita hai| pUrvagata zruta ke ina caudaha bhedoM ko hI caudaha pUrva kahA jAtA hai| caudaha pUrvo kI viSayavastu evaM padasaMkhyA nimna prakAra hai - 1. utpAda pUrva meM jIva, kAla va pudgala dravya ke utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya Adi ke svarUpa _kA varNana hai| isakI padasaMkhyA eka karor3a hai| 2. agrAyaNI pUrva meM sAta sau naya va durnayoM tathA chaha dravya, nau padArtha va pA~ca astikAyoM kA kathana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA chiyAnnave lAkha hai| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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3. vIryAnupravAda meM chadmastha kevaliyoM ke vIrya, surendra va daityapatiyoM kI RddhiyA~, narendra cakravartI va baladevoM kI zakti evaM dravyoM ke samyak lakSaNa varNita haiN| isakI pada saMkhyA sattara lAkha hai| 4. astinAsti pravAda meM pA~ca astikAya va nayoM kA vibhinna paryAyoM ke mAdhyama se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI pada saMkhyA sATha lAkha hai| 5. jJAnapravAda meM pA~coM jJAnoM kI utpatti ke kAraNa, jJAnI, ajJAnI va indriyoM kA vizeSa kathana hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA eka kama eka karor3a hai jJAnapravAda pUrva ke bhI bArahavastu adhikAra haiM tathA pratyeka adhikAra bIsa-bIsa prAbhRta adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai| inameM se dasaveM vastu ke 'samaya' nAmaka prAbhRta ke mUla sUtroM kA zabdaza: jJAna prAcIna AcAryoM ko thaa| AcArya paripATI ke anusAra usake artha kA jJAna zrI kundakundAcArya ko bhI thA jo unake dvArA racita 'samaya prAbhRta' ke paribhASA sUtroM meM parilakSita hotA hai| 6. 7. satyapravAda meM vacana gupti va vacana saMskAra ke kAraNa bhUta kaMTha Adi ATha aMgoM, bhASA ke bAraha prakAra, vaktA tathA satya va asatya vacanoM ke bhedoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA eka karor3a chaha hai| 9. AtmapravAda meM AtmA ke astitva, nAstitva, nityatva, anityatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva Adi dharma tathA SaTkAyika jIvoM ke bhedoM kA yuktipUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai| isake padoM kI saMkhyA chabbIsa karor3a hai| 8. karmapravAda meM karmoM ke baMdha, udaya, upazama, nirjarA, anubhava pradeza baMdha tathA karmoM kI jaghanya madhyama evaM utkRSTa sthitiyoM kA varNana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA eka karor3a assI lAkha hai| pratyAkhyAnapravAda meM munipada ke kAraNa mUla vrata, niyama, pratikramaNa, pratilekhana, tapa, kalpa, upasarga, AcAra, pratimA virAdhanA va ArAdhanA evaM vizuddhi ke upakrama tathA sImita va asImita dravya evaM bhAvoM ke tyAga Adi kA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakI pada saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha hai| 10. vidyAnupravAda meM samasta vidyAoM, ATha mahAnimitta rajjurAzividhi, loka kA AkAra evaM samuddhAta Adi kA varNana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA dasa lAkha hai| 11. kalyANapravAda meM sUrya, candra graha, nakSatra va tArAgaNoM kI gati va usakA phala, zakuna vicAra tathA arhanta, baladeva, cakravartI ke garbhAvatAra Adi kA kathana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA chabbIsa karor3a hai| 12. prANavAya meM Ayurveda kI aSTAMga cikitsA, bhUti karma, nAMguli va prANAyAma Adi kA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai isakI pada saMkhyA eka karor3a chappana lAkha hai| 13. kriyAvizAla meM bahattara kalA, striyoM ke causaTha guNa, zilpa, kAvya ke guNa-doSa tathA chanda racanA Adi kA varNana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA nau karoDa hai| varga, 14. loka bindusAra meM ATha prakAra ke vyavahAra, cAra bIja, parikarma, vyavahAra, rajjurAzi, bIjagaNita, kalAsavarNa ( bhinnoM se sambandhita gaNita kA eka prakAra), guNA, bhAga, ghanatva evaM mokSa svarUpa kA varNana hai| isakI pada saMkhyA sAr3he bAraha karor3a hai| jaina paramparA meM dRSTibAda aMga evaM pUrvo kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pUrvo meM AtmA, karma, jJAna, tyAga Adi ke sAtha sAtha maMtra taMtra, jyotiSa, Ayurveda va kalA Adi kA vizeSa evaM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra tIrthakara kI vANI ko gaNadhara apane apane pravartana kAla meM sarvaprathama, pUrva gata sUtroM ke rUpa meM hI nibaddha karate arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 63

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haiN| sarvaprathama pUrva meM race jAne ke kAraNa hI inheM pUrva kahA jAtA hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra rUpa himAcala se prArambha zrutajJAna gaMgA pravAha kevali riddhidhArI gaNadharoM - gautama, lohArya va jambUsvAmI tathA pA~ca zrutakevalI - viSNu, naMdimitra, aparAjita, govardhana va bhadrabAhu dvArA pravAhita hotA rhaa| pazcAt isa jJAnadhArA ko gyAraha aMga va dasa pUrvo ke jJAtA gyAraha vidvAna AcAryoM - vizAkhAcArya, proSThila, kSatriya, jayAcArya, nAgAcArya, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva tathA dharmasena, pA~ca ekAdaza aMgadhArI - nakSatrAcArya - jayapAla, pANDusvAmI, dhruvasena tathA kaMsAcArya tathA AcArAMgadhArI- subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu va lohArya Adi AcAryoM ne pravAhita rkhaa| AcArAMga va zeSa zruta ke eka deza ke jJAtA AcArya dharasena isa zrRMkhalA ke aMtima AcArya the| AcArya dharasena aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI vidvAna the| 'graMtharAja dhavalA' meM ullikhita kAlagaNanA ke anusAra tIrthakara mahAvIra ke pazcAta 62 varSoM meM tIna kevalI, 100 varSoM meM pAMca zrutakevalI, 183 varSoM meM 11 dazapUrvI, 220 varSoM meM pAMca ekAdaza aMgadhArI tathA 118 varSoM meM cAra ekAMgadhArI AcArya hue the| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa pazcAta AcArya dharasena kA avirbhAva huA thaa| jaina dharma siddhAMtoM ke prakANDa vidvAna tathA aMga evaM pUrvo ke jJAtA AcArya dharasena saurASTra deza ke giranAra pattana ke samIpa Urjayatagiri kI caMdraguphA meM dhyAna adhyayana meM lIna rahate the| apane jIvana ke aMtima kAla meM zruta viccheda kI AzaMkA se unhoMne mahimA nagarI sthita munisaMgha ke AcArya ko, dharma siddhAMtoM ko grahaNa evaM dhAraNa karane meM samartha - do sAdhakoM ko giranAra bhejane hetu nivedana preSita kiyaa| AcArya dharasena kI icchA ke anurUpa munisaMgha ne samasta kalAoM meM pAraMgata vinayavibhUSita, zIlavAna tathA deza, kAla jAti se zuddha do muniyoM ko unake pAsa bhejaa| ina donoM muniyoM ke Ane ke pUrva dharasenAcArya ne svapna meM do zubhradhavala vRSabhoM ko apane caraNoM meM namana karate dekha jAna liyA ki zruta ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha do ziSyoM kA sAnnidhya zIghra prApta hone vAlA hai| munisaMgha se Agata donoM vidvAnoM kI parIkSA lene hetu unhoMne eka sAdhaka ko adhikAkSarI va dUsare ko hInAkSarI maMtra de use SaSTopavAsa vidhi se siddha karane kA Adeza diyaa| maMtrAkSaroM meM hInAdhikatA ke kAraNa do vikRta deviyAM - eka bar3e dAMtoM vAlI tathA dUsarI eka AMkha vAlI prakaTa huii| maMtroM ke isa kupariNAma para vicAra kara maMtra - vyAkaraNa meM nipuNa una sAdhakoM ne maMtrAkSaroM meM Avazyaka parivartana kara puna: sAdhanA kI jisake phalasvarUpa donoM deviyAM apane saumya rUpa meM upasthita huii| donoM sAdhakoM ko svakArya hetu upayukta svIkAra kara AcArya zrI ne unheM manoyoga pUrvaka krama se sampUrNa zruta siddhAMta mahAkarma prakRtiprAbhRta kI vistRta zikSA dii| zikSA pUrNa hone para harSita bhUtavyaMtaroM ne zaMkhAdi kI dhvanipUrvaka puSpamAlAoM se donoM sAdhakoM kA satkAra kiyaa| bhUtoM dvArA satkAra kie jAne ke kAraNa AcAryazrI ne eka sAdhaka ko bhUtabali va dUsare ko usakI dantAvali ke anurUpa puSpadaMta nAma pradAna kiyaa| Ayu meM bhUtabali puSpadaMta se choTe the| zikSApUrti ke pazcAta donoM sAdhu AcAryazrI kI AjJAnusAra vihAra karate hae aMkalezvara Ae tathA varSAkAla vahIM vyatIta kiyaa| varSAyoga samApta hone para puSpadaMta eka paricita sAdhu jinapAlita ke sAtha apanI janmabhUmi vanavAsa (karnATaka) cale gae tathA bhUtabali ne dramila deza kI ora gamana kiyaa| pazcAta puSpadaMta ne jinapAlita ko dIkSA dI tathA guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAoM kA prarUpaNa karane vAle bIsa prarUpaNA (adhikAra) garbhita satprarUpaNA ke sUtroM kI zikSA de unheM AcArya bhUtabali ke pAsa bheja diyaa| AcArya bhUtabali ne jinapAlita ke nimitta tathA AcArya puSpadaMta kI kAlAvadhi samIpa jAna mahAkarma prakRti prAbhUta ke viccheda hone ke bhaya se, dravyapramANAnugama se lekara zeSa graMtha kI racanA zIghratA se pUrNa kii| aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI AcArya dharasena usa kAla ke zrutaghara AcAryoM meM 64 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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pramukha the| unhoMne puSpadaMta evaM bhUtabali ko bArahaveM aMga - dRSTipravAda ke aMtargata pUrvo tathA pAMcaveM aMga vyAkhyA -prajJapti ke kucha aMzoM kI zikSA dI thii| AcAryazrI se prApta jJAna ke AdhAra para ina donoM munivaroM ne vIra nirvANa saMvat kI sAtavIM zatAbdi meM bIsAdirUpa satkarma pAhuDa ke chaha hajAra sUtroM kI tathA bAda meM bhUtabali ne zeSa tIsa hajAra sUtroM kI racanA kI thii| yahI racanA Agama paramAgama SaTkhaMDAgama ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| gaNadharoM dvArA prastuta zruta sUtroM ko mUlarUpa meM lipibaddha karane ke kAraNa yaha pramANika haiN| gommaTasAra ke TIkAkAra ne ise 'paramAgama", zrutAvatAra ke raciyatA AcArya iMndranandi ne ise 'SaTakhaMDAgama" tathA dhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne ise "khaMDa siddhAta' kahA hai| SaTakhaMDoM meM lipibaddha isa siddhAMta graMtha ke pUrNa hone para jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ke dina caturvidha saMgha dvArA isa siddhAMta gratha kI vizeSa pUjA arcanA kI gaI thii| tabhI se yaha tithi zruta paMcamI ke rUpa meM, jaina jagata meM apanA vizeSa sthAna evaM mahatva rakhatI hai| SaTkhaMDAgama meM Agama siddhAMtoM kI vivecanA chaha khaMDoM meM nimna prakAra kI gaI hai - 1. jIvaTThANa - meM sata, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, atara, bhAva evaM alpabahatva - ina ATha anuyoga dvAra tathA prakRti, samutkIrtanA, tIna mahAdaNDaka, jaghanya evaM utkRSTa sthiti va gati - agati - ina nau cUlikAoM meM guNasthAna evaM mArgaNAoM kA Azraya lekara jIva dravya kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 2. chullakabaMdha - meM svAmitva, kAla, aMtara, bhaMgavicaya, dravyapramANAnugama, kSetrAnugama, sparzanAnugama, jIvakAla, jIva aMtara, bhAgAbhAgAnugama, alpabahutvAnugama, ina gyAraha prarUpaNAoM dvArA karmabaMdha karane vAle jIva kA karma baMdha ke bhedoM sahita varNana hai| 3. baMdha svAmitvavicaya - meM kisI jIva ko kitanI prakRtiyoM kA kahAM taka baMdha hotA hai, kise baMdha nahIM hotA hai, kitanI prakRtiyoM kI kisa guNasthAna meM vyacchitti hotI hai, svodaya evaM parodaya baMdha prakRtiyAM kitanI haiM - kauna kauna haiM - Adi ke sAnnidhya meM jIva kI baMdhaka prakRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 4. vedanA - khaMDa ke prAraMbha meM gautama gaNadhara dvArA kiyA maMgalAcaraNa diyA gayA hai| isa khaMDa ke do mukhya bheda haiM - kRti anuyogadvAra tathA vedanA anuyogdvaar| kRti anuyoga dvAra meM audArikAdika pAMca zarIroM kI saMghAtana, parizItana tathA saMghAtaka parizItana kRtiyoM kA kathana hai tathA vaMdanA anuyogadvAra meM jJAnAvaraNAdi AThakarmo kA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, pratyaya svAmitva, gatyatara, sannikarma, parimANa va bhAgAbhAga kI apekSA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 5. vargaNA - meM karma prakRtiyoM tathA pudagala kI 23 vargaNAoM va sparza, karma, prakRti evaM baMdha ke sAtha-sAtha karmabaMdha kI kAraNa bhUta mArgaNAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 6. mahAbaMdha - mUla prakRtiyoM evaM uttarakarma prakRtiyoM kI apekSA se prakRtibaMdha sthitibaMdha. anubhAgabaMdha evaM pradezabaMdha - ina caturvidha baMdhoM kA isa khaMDa meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| "zrutAvatAra' ke anusAra SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaMDoM kI racanA pUrNa hone ke pazcAta svayaM AcArya bhUtabali ne cAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa isa khaMDa kI racanA kI thii| AcArya vIrasena ne IsA kI navamI zatAbdI meM puSpadaMta evaM bhUtabali dvArA racita SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAca khaMDoM para bahattara hajAra zloka pramANa eka vRhat TIkA likhI thii| yahI TIkA 'dhavalA' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| SaTkhaMDAgama ke lipibaddha hone ke kAla se dhavalA TIkA ke pUrva taka kucha anya AcAryoM ne bhI SaTkhaMDAgama kI TIkAeM kI hai kintu unameM se koI bhI TIkA Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArya iMdranaMdi ne apane "zrutAvatAra" meM SaTkhaMDAgama para racita kucha TIkAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yathA - arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 65

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1. kudakuda pura nivAsI AcArya padmanaMdi - aparanAma kuMdakuMdAcArya ne AcArya paramparA se prApta karma prAbhRta evaM kaSAya prAbhRta ke jJAna ke AdhAra para SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama tIna khaMDoM para prAkRta bhASA evaM vRtti rUpa meM bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa 'parikarma' nAmaka TIkA racI thii| 'dhavalA' meM isa TIkA kA aneka sthaloM para ullekha prApta hotA hai| 2. zAmakuMDAcArya ne SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaMDoM va kaSAya prAbhUta para TIkA kI thii| bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa isa TIkA kI bhASA - prAkRta, saMskRta va kannaDI bhASA kA mizrita rUpa thaa| paddhati rUpa meM likhe jAne ke kAraNa ise "zAmakuMDa paddhati' kahA jAtA thaa| 3. tumbulUra grAmavAsI AcArya, jinheM unake grAma ke nAma se tumbulUrAcArya kahA jAtA thA ne prAkRta bhASA meM, SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaDoM para caurAsI hajAra zloka pramANa cUDAmaNi nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI thii| inhoMne SaTkhaMDAgama ke chaThaveM khaMDa para bhI sAta hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhI thii| dhavalA kI prazasti meM isa TIkA kA ullekha hai| AcArya akalaMka deva ne isa TIkA kI prazaMsA karate hue ise "tatvArtha mahAzAstra vyAkhyAna' nAma diyA hai| tArkikAcArya samaMtabhadra ne bhI SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaMDoM para sarala evaM pAMDitya pUrNa saMskRta bhASA meM ar3atAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA kI racanA kI thii| pazcAta chaThaveM khaMDa para bhI ve TIkA likhane vAle the jise apanI asvasthatA ke kAraNa ve prAraMbha na kara skeN| SaTkhaMDAgama ke lipibaddha hone ke pazcAt sAta zatAbdiyoM meM ina TIkAoM kI racanA huI thii| usake pazcAta AThavIM zatAbdi meM dhavalA Adi TIkAoM kI racanA huii| vartamAna meM vIrasenAcArya kRta "dhavalA", "jayadhavalA' evaM 'mahAdhavalA" TIkAoM ke atirikta pUrvakRta koI bhI TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArya vIrasena ne bahattara hajAra zloka pramANa, saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM "dhavalA' TIkA graMtha kI racanA kI thii| dhavalA ke aMtima padyoM ke anusAra, zaka saMvata 738, kArtika zukla trayodazI - tadanusAra vikrama saMvat 873 tathA I. san 816, akTUbara 18 ko yaha racanA pUrNa huI thii| zukla pakSa kI atidhavala caMdrajyotsanAvata Atma kalyANaprada zruta jJAna ko prakAzita karane vAlI isa TIkA kA "dhavalA" nAma sArthaka pratIta hotA hai| yaha TIkA mahArAja amoghavarSa (prathama) ke rAjya kAla meM samApta huI thii| mahArAja amoghavarSa kI eka upAdhi "atizaya dhavala' bhI thii| ata: isa TIkA ko 'dhavalA' nAmakaraNa kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI saMbhava hai| "dhavalA' TIkA prAraMbha karane ke pUrva TIkAkAra ke samakSa SaTkhaMDAgama kI aneka TIkAeM tathA prabuddha manISI AcAryoM dvArA racita siddhAMta sAhitya kA vizAla bhaMDAra upasthita thaa| siddhasena divAkara kRta "samaya suttam" akalaMka deva kRta tatvArtha rAjavartika, kuMdakuMdAcArya kRta pravacana sAra evaM paMcAstikAya AcArya vaTTakera svAmI kRta mUlAcAra, devasenakRta nayacakram tathA AcArAMga niyukti va bhagavatI ArAdhanA, AptamImAMsA Adi aneka saiddhAMtika graMtha prakAza meM A cuke the| ina sabake sandarbha 'dhavalA' meM prApta hote haiM jo ise pramANikatA pradAna karate haiN| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA meM vivikSita viSayoM kA pratipAdana pUrvAcArya paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA hai| TIkA kI nirvacanikAoM meM bhASya, cUrNi, kRtti, vyAkhyA, praznottara evaM maulika ciMtana - sabhI vidhAoM ke guNa dharma vidyamAna haiN| sUtroM kI vyAkhyA saTIka spaSTa evaM akATya hai| AcArya vIrasena ko SaTkhaMDAgama ke sUtroM talasparzI jJAna va una para zraddhA thI ata: anya kisI bhI AcArya dvArA satya ke viparIta kI gaI vyAkhyA unheM svIkAra nahIM thii| Agama siddhAMtoM ke viziSTa jJAtA hone ke sAtha - sAtha vIrasenAcArya kA 66 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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nimitta jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa va saMkhyA vijJAna ( gaNita ) Adi viSayoM para bhI pUrNa adhikAra thaa| 'dhavalA' meM ina sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza dRSTigocara hotA hai / SaTkhaMDAgama kA pramukha viSaya karaNAnuyoga hone para bhI gaNita viSaya kI bahulatA ke kAraNa ise gaNitAnuyoga bhI kahA jAtA hai| ata: jaina gaNita ke vizeSa adhyetAoM ke lie dhavalA TIkA ati upayogI va mahatvapUrNa hai| kucha AcAryoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM AcArya vIrasena ko smaraNa karate hue unheM namana kiyA hai| "prasiddha siddhAMta namastimAlI, samastavaiyAkaraNAdhirAjaH / guNAkarastArkika cakravartI, pravAdisiMhovara vIrasena // " dhavalA prazasti vIrasenAcArya prasiddha SaTkhaMDAdika siddhAMtoM ko prakAzita karane vAle sUrya, sabhI vaiyAkaraNoM ke adhipati, guNoM kI khAna tArkika cakravartI tathA pravAdIrUpa gajoM ke lie siMha ke samAna hai| " zrI vIrasena ityAnta bhaTTAraka prathupathaH saH naH punAtu pUtAtmA vAdivRMdArako muniH / lokavitvaM kavitvaMcasthita bhaTTArakedvayam vAgmitA vAgmino yasyavAcA vAcaspaterapi // siddhAMtopanibandhAnAm vighAturpadagurozcirama, mammanaH sarasi stheyAnmRdupAda kuzezayam / dhavalAmAratIM tasya kIrtiM ca zucinirmalam, dhavalIkRtAni nizzeSa - bhutanAMtAn namAmyaham // " arthAt apanI vANI se vRhaspati ko bhI parAjita karane vAle bhaTTAraka lokavita evaM kavitva Adi guNoM se yukta siddhAMta Agama upanibaMdhoM ke vidhAtA zrI vIrasena guru ke caraNa kamala mere hRdaya rUpa sarovara meM sadaiva virAjamAna raheM caMdramA ke dhavala prakAzavata zuci evaM nirmala kIrtiyukta dhavalA TIkA ke racayitA AcArya vIrasena ko maiM namaskAra karatA " - zruta siddhAMtoM kA jJAna vyAkhyAnarUpa meM bhI guruparamparA se pravAhita hotA rahA thaa| isa zrRMkhalA meM muni zubhanaMdi evaM ravinaMdi ko bhI Agama kA vizeSa jJAna thA unake pramukha ziSya bappadeva guru ne bhI AcAryoM se prApta jJAna ke AdhAra para SaTkhaMDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaMDoM para sATha hajAra zloka pramANa prAkRtabhASA meM "vyAkhyA prajJapti" nAmaka TIkA likhI thI tathA unhoMne bAda meM chaTaveM khaMDa para bhI bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA kI racanA kI thii| AcArya dharasena ke samakAlIna AcArya guNadhara bhI aMga va pUrvI ke eka deza ke jJAtA the| inhoMne pAMcaveM pUrva kI dasavIM vastu ke tIsare prAbhRta ke AdhAra para " kaSAyaprAbhRta" graMtha kI racanA kI thii| AcArya nAgahasti ke samakAlIna AcArya yativRSabha ne kaSAya prAbhRta para chaha hajAra vRtti sUtroM kI racanA kI thI jaina vAMgmaya meM jo sthAna SaTkhaMDAgama kA hai vahI sthAna kaSAya prAbhRta ko bhI prApta hai| vIrasenAcArya ne bhI kaSAya prAbhRta kI TIkA likhanA prAraMbha kiyA thA kintu bIsa hajAra zloka likhane ke pazcAta unakA nidhana ho gyaa| bAda meM unake pramukha ziSya AcArya jinasena ne cAlIsa hajAra zloka aura likhakara yaha TIkA pUrNa kI thii| kaSAya prAbhRta kI "jayadhavalA" nAmaka yaha TIkA hI vartamAna meM upalabdha hai| jayadhavalA TIkA meM cUrNi va sUtroM dvArA kaSAyaprAbhRta meM pratipAdita viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana prastuta hai graMtha kI bhASA saMskRta mizrita prAkRta hai| AcArya bhUtabali ne SaTkhaMDAgama ke aMtima khaMDa " mahAbaMdha " kI racanA atyaMta vistArapUrvaka, cAlIsa hajAra zlokoM meM pUrNa kI thii| SaTkhaMDAgama ke aMtima khaMDa kI eka mAtra upalabdha yaha TIkA hI 'mahAdhavalA" ke nAma se prasiddha hai "mahAdhavala" ke zAbdika artha atyaMta nirmala ke anurUpa isameM SaTkhaMDAgama ke mahAbaMdha adhikAra meM varNita caturvidha baMdhoM kI vizada evaM spaSTa vyAkhyA prastuta hai / dhavalA, jayadhavalA evaM mahAdhavalA kI kannar3I bhASA meM tADapatroM para aMkita pratiyAM 67 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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maDhabidrI (karnATaka) ke siddhAMtavasAdi jinAlaya me surakSita haiN| ina tADapatroM kI lambAI 27 iMca va caur3AI 3-4 iMca hai| jinazAsana kI ina mahatvapUrNanidhiyoM ko surakSA evaM sthAyitva pradAna karane hetu vigata eka zatAbdI se prayatna jArI hai| aneka kaThinAiyoM va satat prayatnoM ke uparAMta kannaDa evaM saMskRta bhASAvid vidvAnoM dvArA kI gaI unakI pratilipiyAM vartamAna meM deza ke kucha nagaroM - sahAranapura, kAraMjA, ArA, sAgara, amarAvatI Adi meM surakSita hai| san 1933 meM Ayojita akhila bhAratIya di. jaina pariSada ke iTArasI (madhyapradeza) adhivezana meM vidizA nivAsI seTha lakSmIcaMda dvArA prApta dAna evaM DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina siddhAMtazAstrI ke satat prayAsoM se jinAgama dhavalA kA hindI anuvAda sahita 16 bhAgoM meM pustakAkAra prakAzana ho cukA hai| "jayadhavalA' ko bhI digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI mathurA ne 16 bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA hai tathA "mahAdhavala' bhI sAta khaMDoM meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI dvArA mudrita kiyA jA cukA hai| dhavalA kA to dUsarA saMskaraNa bhI jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA solApUra ne prakAzita kiyA hai| ina siddhAMta grathoM ke hindI bhASA meM anuvAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM inakA adhyayana, manana saMbhava evaM sulabha ho gayA hai| kucha nagaroM ke jinAlayoM meM inheM zveta saMgamaramarara paTTikAoM para bhI utkIrNita kiyA jA cukA hai| jJAna gaMgA ko pravAhita rakhane meM ucca sAdhaka AcAryoM kA pramukha yogadAna hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda jinheM bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM unake pramukha gaNadhara gautama ke sAtha - sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, ne vastu vicAra evaM padArtha mImAMsA Adi viSayoM ko dravyAnuyoga meM, AcArya vaTTakera svAmI ne lokAloka ke vibhAga, yugoM ke parivartana tathA caturgatiyoM ke svarUpa ko caraNAnuyoga meM prakAzita kiyA hai| inhIM ke dvArA nibaddha mUlAcAra muniyoM ke AcAra para eka adhikRta racanA hai| jaina siddhAMtoM ke gabhIra evaM sUkSma pravaktA svAmI samatamadra kI upAsakAdhyayanAMga ke AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra ko pratipAdita karane vAlI "ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra' eka utkRSTa racanA hai| AcArya jinasena kRta AdipurANa, raviSeNa kRta padmapurANa tathA jinasenakRta harivaMza purANa Adi racanAoM ne prathamAnuyoga ko vistAra diyA hai| isI krama meM AcArya gaddhapiccha, zivakoTi, pUjyapAda, maTTAkalaMkadeva, amRtacaMdrAcArya, vidyAnaMdi Adi AcAryoM ke prayAsa bhI niratara gatizIla rhe| jaina paramparA meM vartamAna meM racita zruta ko bhI pUrvazruta kI bhAMti hI prAmANikatA prApta hai| zruta ke usa zatAbdI ke vartamAna racanAkAroM ne pUrvazruta ke AdhAra para aneka saiddhAMtika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| inameM zrI rAjamala, banArasIdAsa evaM kahAnajI svAmI Adi pramukha haiN| vismRta hote dharma siddhAMta evaM AcaraNa Adi ko sthApita rakhane meM ina sabhI kA yogadAna stutya hai| isa prakAra vIra himAcala se pravAhita jJAna gaMgA rUpa zruta ko pravAhita rkhaa| gaNadharoM evaM aneka AratIya AcAryoM ne niraMtarI pravAhita rkhaa| una sabhI ko hamArA sAdara nmn| sandarbha 1. dhavalA prastAvanA. 2. jaina darzana, pro. mahendrakumAra jaina. 3 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI. 4. paM. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI abhinandana grantha, 5. mahApurANa, AcArya jinasena. 6. jaina santAMka, ahiMsAvANI (mAsika). 7. paramAgama, zrutavANI. 8. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, zrI jugalakizera mukhatyAra. prApta : 2.11.200 68 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 69 - 72 baDoha paThArI ke prAcIna jinAlayoM kA jaina sAMskRtika dharAtala * DaoN. gulAbacaMda jaina* madhya relve kI bhopAla- bInA zAkhA para vidizA se sATha kilomITara dUra kulhAra nAmaka eka sAdhAraNa sTezana hai| kulhAra se paThArI moTara mArga dvArA 18 kilomITara hai| paThArI madhyapradeza sthita vidizA jile kI pUrvIya sImA ke sabhIpa parvatIya paThAra para basA eka sAdhAraNa grAma hai| gaDorI, jJAnanAtha evaM anhorA parvata zreNiyAM ise cAroM ora se ghere hue haiN| svataMtra bhArata ke pUrva yahAM navAbI zAsana thaa| mugalakAla meM paThArI jile kA sadaramukAma rahA hai| usa kAla meM yaha cAroM ora se eka majabUta parakoTe se ghirA huA thA, jisake bhagnAvazeSa Aja bhI dikhAI dete haiN| grAma ke dakSiNa kI ora kucha nIcAI para eka vistRta tAlAba hai jisake cAroM aura pakke ghATa va sIr3hiyA nirmita haiN| tAlAba ke pazcima kI ora, kucha dUrI para, baDoha grAma hai| navamI - dasavIM zatAbdI meM yaha eka vaibhavapUrNa sampanna sAMskRtika nagara thaa| grAma ke samIpa bhIloM kI paridhi meM phaile vizAla evaM alaMkRta bhagnAvazeSa isake purAvaibhava evaM zilpakauzala ko pradarzita karate haiN| usa kAla meM yaha vaTodaka yA bar3anagara nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| baDoha ke prAcIna bhavya smArakoM meM gaDamarala maMdira va jaina vana maMdira samUha pramukha haiN| inake atirikta kucha hiMdU smAraka bhI khaMDita avasthA meM yatra tatra bikhare par3e haiN| kalA kI dRSTi se yaha sabhI smAraka navamI - dasavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita pratIta hote haiN| gaDaramala maMdira - eka vRhadAkAra pAMca phuTa UMce cabUtare para nirmita hai| alaMkRta caukI evaM maMdira ke nirmANa kauzala ko dekhakara isa maMdira kI vizAlatA evaM kalA saundarya kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| maMdira kI UMcAI (zikhara sahita) lagabhaga 80 phuTa hai| maMdira ke prAraMbhika mArga meM eka alaMkRta unnata toraNa dvAra thA jisakA mAtra eka staMbha vartamAna meM avaziSTa hai| toraNa dvAra ke Age garbhagRha taka ke mArga para donoM ora cAra va ATha pahala vAle 12 staMbha haiM jinake Upara chata nirmita hai| yahAM sabhAmaNDapa kA abhAva hai| garbhagRha eka sAdhAraNa kakSa ke rUpa meM hai jahAM vartamAna meM koI mUrti nahIM hai| nirmANa kalA kI dRSTi meM yaha maMdira gvAliyara kile meM nirmita telI ke maMdira ke anurUpa hai| vidharmiyoM dvArA kI gaI toDaphoDa ke pazcAta jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA isa maMdira kA punaH nirmANa kiyA gyaa| punaH nirmANa meM samIpastha bhagnaprAya hindU maMdiroM kI sAmagrI kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA jisake cinha yatra - tatra dRSTigocara hote haiN| maMdira ke pRSTha bhAga evaM cabUtare meM nirmita laghukoSThoM meM deva - devI pratimAeM thIM jinheM AtatAiyoM dvArA naSTa - bhraSTa kara diyA gayA hai| maMdira kI bAhyabhitti meM nakkAzI yukta alaMkaraNa darzanIya haiN| zikhara ke pUrvIbhAga meM kucha UMcAI para 18 iMca unnata eka jaina pratimA utkhacita hai| zikhara bhI kalApUrNa hai| pUrva meM maMdira ke tIna ora kucha devakulikAeM bhI thIM jinake mAtra khaMDahara hI avazeSa haiN| utkhanana kAla meM purAtatva vidoM ko maMdira ke bhagnAvazeSoM meM bAlaka sahita eka leTI huI nArI kI mUrti prApta huI thii| jaina dharma graMthoM ke anusAra bAla tIrthakara sahita yaha tIrthakara mAtA kI mUrti hai| vartamAna meM yaha mUrti gvAliyara ke gUjarI mahala saMgrahAlaya C/o. rAjakamala sTorsa, vidizA (ma.pra.)

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meM surakSita hai| anyatra bhI kucha jinAlayoM meM aisI hI pratimAeM upalabdha haiN| isI taraha kI eka mUrti samIpastha jaina vana maMdira samUha ke koSTha kramAMka 13 meM bhI sthApita hai| isI jile ke gyArasapura grAma ke vajramaTha maMdira ke tRtIya garbhagRha meM bhI aisI hI eka mUrti hai| purAtatvajJa kaniMdhama ne apanI riporTa meM likhA hai - "gaDaramala maMdira se prApta mUrti eka leTI huI nArI va usake samIpa eka leTA huA baccA'' - eka jaina mUrti hai| yaha mAtA trizalA evaM tIrthakara mahAvIra kI mUrti hai| zaiyyA ke nIce bane siMha jaina mUrtikalA ke anurUpa haiN| (ema.pI. DisTrikTa gajeTiyara - vidizA, san 1979) gar3aramala mandira - isa maMdira ke nirmANa ke saMbaMdha meM eka rocaka lokakathA pracalita hai| kahate haiM - "prAcIna kAla meM grAma kI samIpavartI pahAr3I para grAma kA eka gaDariyA apanI bheDeM carAyA karatA thaa| pahAr3I para sthita guphA se nikalakara eka bher3a pratidina usakI bheDoM ke pAsa caratI thI va saMdhyA samaya usI guphA meM vApasa lauTa jAtI thii| gaDariyA pratidina Azcarya se yaha saba dekhatA rahatA thaa| usake mana meM yaha jAnane kI prabala utkaMThA thI ki yaha bher3a kisakI hai, kahAM se AtI hai, kahAM calI jAtI hai? ata: eka dina usa bher3a ke pIche - pIche vaha usa guphA meM gyaa| bher3a to guphA meM jAkara adRzya ho gaI kintu prastara zilA para dhyAnamagna baiThe eka munirAja use dikhAI die| gaDarie ne unase kucha kahA ki mahArAja! meM kaI dinoM se ApakI bher3a carA rahA hU~ - mujhe isakI carAI diijie| una mahAtmA ne binA kucha bole, hAtha bar3hAkara usakI cAdara ke chora para kucha DAla diyA jise gAMTha meM bAMdhakara vaha gaDariyA vApasa calA gyaa| arhat vacana, 14 (4). 2002

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ghara Akara usane apanI patnI ko sArI ghaTanA sunAI cAdara kI gAMTha kholane para usameM makaI ke kucha dAne hI nikale jinheM usakI patnI ne krodhavaza, kamare ke eka kone meM rakhe upaloM ke Dhera para pheMka diyaa| dUsare dina vaha jaba upale uThAne gaI to usake Azcarya kI koI sImA nahIM rhii| jahAM usane una munirAja se prApta makaI ke dAne pheMke the upaloM kA vaha Dhera svarNa meM parivartita ho cukA thaa| yaha dekha ve donoM usa guphA kI ora bhAge kintu guphA to khAlI thI vahAM koI nahIM thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki akasmAta prApta isI dhana se usa gaDarie ne isa vizAla maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| usa gaDarie ke nAma para isa maMdira ko gaDaramala maMdira kahA jAne lgaa| Aja taka vahI nAma pracalita hai| - jaina vana maMdira samUha gaDaramala maMdira se kucha dUra eka ghere ke bhItara 25 devakoSTha eka vRhadAkAra sahana ke cAroM ora nirmita hai| ina devakoSThoM kA pRSTha bhAga milakara eka parakoTe kA rUpa le letA hai| yahAM kA praveza dvAra choTA hai| kucha maMdiroM ke Upara zikhara haiN| maMdira kramAMka 9 kA zikhara anya zikharoM kI apekSA adhika UMcA hai| yaha prakoSTha anya koSThoM kI apekSA bar3A bhI hai| ina deva koSThoM ke madhyavartI cauka meM eka dIrghAkAra unnata maMDapa hai jisa kI alaMkRta chata kalApUrNa staMbhoM para AdhArita hai| maMdiroM kA bAhya pRSTha bhAga bhI alaMkaraNa yukta hai| yahAM bIca-bIca meM kucha mUrtiyAM bhI utkhacita haiN| digambara jaina vana mandira samUha yaha maMdira samUha eka caubIsI maMdira hai| paccIsa sAdhAraNa deva koSThoM meM 19 kucha acchI avasthA meM haiN| vartamAna meM pratimAoM kA koI krama nahIM hai| phira bhI adhikAMza tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM yahAM sthApita haiN| inameM kucha padmAsana meM haiM va kucha khaDgAsana meM / inakI koI nizcita UMcAI bhI nahIM hai| kucha khaDgAsana pratimAeM 6 se 12 phuTa taka UMcI haiN| mukhya maMdira kramAMka 9 meM sthApita tIrthakara RSabhanAtha kI pratimA 12 phuTa UMcI hai pratimA kA kucha nimna bhAga bhUmi meM dabA huA hai| kezarAzi kaMdhoM para laharA rahI arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 71

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hai| AtatAiyoM dvArA pratimA ke kucha bhAga khaMDita kara die jAne ke bAvajUda pratimA kalApUrNa evaM bhavya hai| mUrtiyoM kI kula saMkhyA 44 hai| maMdira kramAMka 13 meM sthApita tIrthaMkara mAtA kI pratimA vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai yaha pratimA gaDaramala maMdira se prApta tIrthakara mAtA kI pratimA ke anurUpa hai| isameM mAtA zaiyyA para leTI huI haiN| samIpa hI bAla tIrthaMkara bhI leTe hue haiN| mAtA kI sevA hetu AI huI cAra deviyAM bhI zilAphalaka para utkIrNita haiN| harivaMza purANa ke anusAra ye lacakaprabhA, rUpakAmA, rUcikA evaM rUcikojvalA cAra vidyuta kumAriyAM haiM jo jinendra ke jAta karma meM sahAyaka karatI haiM unakI sevA karatI haiN| zrI bAhubalI kI 8 phuTa UMcI eka pratimA bhI yahAM hai / yahAM koI zilAlekha prApta nahIM huA hai| do maMdiroM ke garbhagRha kI bAhya prastara caukhaTa para nimna lekha utkIrNita hai " (1) OM svasti zrI dvAdasa maMDale AcArya kevali: dvijai bhUpacaMdrasya sa... 3 saM. 1113, (2) svasti zrI devacaMdra AcArya maMtravAdina saM. 11341" ina lekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki ina maMdiroM kA nirmANa bArahavIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa| jaina maMdiroM ke atirikta dazamAvatAra Adi hindU maMdiroM kA kalA sauSThava bhI darzanIya paThArI grAma meM prastara nirmita eka vizAla prAcIna evaM zikharayukta bhavya jinAlaya hai| san 1635 I. meM eka jaina vyApArI ne isa maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| maMdira ke prastara staMbha evaM chata alaMkRta hai| mUlanAyaka tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI kAyotsarga pratimA 12 phuTa UMcI hai| pratimA para nIce nimna Alekha utkIrNita hai - "saMvata 1662 phAlguna sudI 7 budhe zrI mUlasaMghe, sarasvatI gacche kuMdakuMdAcAryanvaye bhaTTAraka zrI padmanaMdi devA, tatpaTTe ratnakIrti devA aSTazAkhe gohila gotre sarapaMca narasiMha pANDe tatputra zAha rAhota bhAryA rUkmiNi tatputra ....halke bhAryA.... ratna tatputra bhaganIrAja nityaM praNamati cau. rAmacaMdra bAdhorA" - - 72 bhagavAna RSabhanAtha ke atirikta san 1414 meM pratiSThita, kRSNa pASANa nirmita do manojJa tIrthakara pratimAeM aura bhI hai| aneka tAmrapatra evaM zAstra bhaMDAra meM kucha prAcIna graMtha bhI hai| maMdira ke samIpa hI eka kuMA hai, jisameM lage zilAlekha ke anusAra vidizA nivAsI vizuddha paravAra jAtIya, kauzala gotrIya udayamAna tulArAma Adi ne isa kUpa kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| paThArI sthita eka prastara meM nirmita cAlIsa phuTa UMcA bhImagajA staMbha darzanIya hai| prApta : 20.06.2000 (prastuta Alekha sva. zrI gulAbacandajI jaina, vidizA ko zraddhAMjali svarUpa prakAzita hai| samprati ye 02.07.2001 ko hamAre bIca nahIM rhe|) arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 73 - 76 arhat vacana ) sarAka loka kalA kI sAMskRtika dharohara kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura -DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina* saMskRti kisI kSetra pradeza vizeSa kI sImA meM sImita nahIM hotii| nirantara pragatizIla mAnava - jIvana prakRti aura mAnava - samAja ke jina-jina asaMkhya pravAhoM, prabhAvoM aura saMskAroM se prerita, prabhAvita aura saMskRta hotA rahatA hai, una sabake sAmUhika svarUpa ko hI hama Aja saMskRti kI saMjJA se sambodhita karate haiN| yahI virAsata sarAka saMskRti para lAgU hotI hai| sarAka jAti jaina saMskRti kI pakSadhara hai ye prabhAva aura saMskAra kisI eka nizcita kAla athavA kisI eka nizcita kSetra ke nahIM hote| Aja sarAka saMskRti ke cinha pratIkAdi vahAM ke loka vyavahAra aura sAhitya aura loka kalA paramparA meM dRSTigata hote haiN| yaha sarAka saMskRti kI saMvedanazIlatA, susaMskAra aura usakI arjita asmitA kA jItA-jAgatA pramANa hai| paramparAeM anavarata calatI haiM, bhale inakA svarUpa badala gayA ho| yahI kAraNa hai sarAka saMskRti aura loka jIvana tatkAlIna samAja kI jhAMkI Aja bhI bihAra, ur3IsA, baMgAla ke aMcaloM meM dekhane ko mila jAtI hai| Arthika rUpa se sarAka samAja ke gAMva kAphI pichar3e haiM phira bhI mUla yojanA meM mAMDane kI kalA evaM citroM meM bhAva vyaMjanA ke anokhe evaM adbhuta saundaryazAlI udAharaNa milate haiN| loka kalA zailI meM jo sarAka mahilAeM citra banAtI haiM unameM kucha kathAtmaka dRzya, citra paTala para vividha AkRtiyAM yadyapi dUsare se svatatra rUpa se citrita hotI haiN| parantu bhAva - bhaMgimA dvArA paraspara jur3I huI hotI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko abhiSeka ke liye le jAtI huI mahilAeM hAthiyoM para zobhAyamAna haiM, janmAbhiSeka para devoM dvArA ratnoM kI varSA, trizalA mAM ke solaha sapane, zobhAyAtrA kI suvistIrNa racanA meM ekAtmaka bhAva ke avikala Ayojana kI adbhuta chaTA hai| bihAra, ur3IsA, baMgAla kI prAcIna sAmAjika vyavasthA meM sarAka striyAM hI hamArI samRddha loka kalA kI dharohara ko saMrakSita karake rakha pAyI hai| isa kalA ko antarrASTrIya stara para pahacAna milanI cAhie, isa ora kadama uThAe jAnA caahie| ApakA prazna hogA ki sarAka AryoM ke Agamana se trasta hue aura saMskRti ko dhvasta kiyA gayA taba kucha samUha apanI Adima saMskRti ko kaise bacAye rakha sake? kaI samUha saphalatApUrvaka sAmAjika saMviliyana kA virodha karate rhe| isa virodha kI kImata bhI unheM cukAnI pdd'ii| apanI sAMskRtika virAsata aura asmitA ko bacAye rakhane ke liye unheM nava vikasita sAMskRtika kendroM se dUra vanoM aura parvatoM kI zaraNa lenI pdd'ii| isa ekAnta meM sarAka prajAti ne apanI jIvana zailI kI viziSTatA ko bacAye rkhaa| dhIre-dhIre una para sAMskRtika aura dhArmika dabAva bar3hate ge| unameM se kucha hindU bana gae, kucha haThadharmI the ve isa prakriyA kA aMga banane meM saphala hue| saMkhyA ke atirikta unakA jaina pariveza bhI isa virodha ko saphala banAne meM sahAyaka huaa| kaI choTe - choTe samUhoM meM sarAka loga aise sudUra aura agamya bhAgoM meM basa gae jisase unheM lambA samaya taka cher3A nahIM jA sakA aura sarAka samudAya apanI prajAtIya zuddhatA aura sAMskRtika vaiziSTya ko bacAe rakha ske| sarAka prajAti kalA aura usakI zailI kI rUparekhA kA paricaya prApta karane ke liye usake pramukha loka tatva, pramukha pratIkoM kA adhyayana karanA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se sarAka loka citrakalA meM jo pramukha pratIka prApta hote haiM unameM tIrthakaroM kI mAtA ke solaha zubha svapna, aSTa mAMgalika zubhacinha, tIrthakara ke Asana ke rUpa meM ISatprabhAra yA * ena - 14, cetakapurI, gvAliyara - 474009

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siddha zilA, samavazaraNa kI racanA Adi haiN| sarAka loka citrakalA meM alaMkaraNoM kA prayoga apanI vizeSatA lie hai| inake atirikta svastika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvarya, vardhamAnakya, bhadrAsana darpaNa Adi citra milate haiN| sarAka citrakalA meM pAzrzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke citra adhikAMza milate haiN| nArI citrita karane ke lie tIrthakaroM ke donoM aura yakSa-yakSiNI tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI adhiSThAtrI deviyAM ambikA, padamAvatI sarasvatI zAsana cakrezvarI aura solaha vidyAdeviyoM ke citra aMkita kie jAte haiM vividha anuSThAnoM, vidhAnoM meM jaina pratIka cinha banAe jAte haiM yahI pratIka cinha Aja bhI banAe jAte haiN| 1 raMga yojanA kI dRSTi se sarAka loka kalA kRtiyoM kA avalokana karane para pratIta hotA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM inameM haldiyA raMgoM kA prayoga adhika mAtrA meM hotA thA bAda meM lAla raMgoM kA prayoga adhika mAtrA meM hone lgaa| isake atirikta AsamAnI pIlA, nIlA, zveta raMgoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| sunaharI syAhI kA prayoga bhI inameM adhika hone lagA thaa| sarAka citrakalA meM paurANika vanaspati raMgoM kA sthAna aba Adhunika raMgoM ne le liyA hai| svarNa raMga jaina citroM kI viziSTatA rahI hai jo Aja bhI pahale kI taraha dikhAI detI hai / " sarAka loka citrakalA meM vastra, AbhUSaNa, mukuTa aura mAlAoM kI sajjA para adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| nArI zrRMgAra meM mAthe para hindI, kAnoM meM kuNDala, bAMhoM meM bAjUbanda Adi kA aMkana kiyA jAtA hai| gale meM ratna mAlAoM ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai jo sabhI citroM kI vizeSatA hai vastroM meM dhotI kI sajjA mohaka / suphar3a hai prArambhika citroM meM zveta tathA svarNima raMga kI pradhAnatA vastroM meM adhika thI jisakA sthAna bAda meM IrAnI prabhAvI ke kAraNa belabUToM kI paccIkArI ne le liyaa| bAda ke citroM meM mukuTa ke sthAna para pagaDiyoM kA aMkana hone lgaa| jahAM puruSoM ke vastroM meM dhotI va dupaTTe pramukha haiM vahAM nArI citroM meM kaMcukI, raMgIna dhotI, cunarI aura kaTipaTa kA prayoga milatA hai| isa prakAra sarAka citrakalA kI paramparA ke antargata jo kArya huA hai usane bhAratIya citrakalA kA vikAsa mArga prazasta kiyA hai| citrakalA kI loka paddhati kI zailiyoM meM jaina sarAka citrakalA pramukha rahI hai| deza meM jaina citrakalA ke mAdhyama se yaha paramparA anavarata calatI rhii| bhAratIya citra zailiyoM meM velabUToM kI janmadAtrI sarvaprathama jaina citrakalA hI rahI hai| jaina citrakalA ne apanI paramparAgata dhArmika niSThA sthira banAe rkhii| lokakalA ke unnata svarUpa ke rUpa meM isa kalA meM alpanA citra kA aMkana kiyA jAtA rahA hai sAtha hI miTTI, patthara va hAthI dAMta para bhI citra ukere jAte the| sarAka kSetra ke bhitti citroM meM khanija raMgoM kA upayoga milatA hai| inameM kucha mUla raMga hI hote haiM jinameM kenaDI (halkA harA), hira mijI (harA), simarika (lAla), nIla (nIlA), tyoDI ( bhAU aMvara), kAjala Adi haiN| raMgoM ke khanija pattharoM ko ghisa kara unameM kireTina yA goMda milAkara taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai. ye raMga adhika samaya taka sthAyI bane rahate haiM kAlA raMga bujhA huA cUnA, goMda kA kAjala hai kAle raMga se bhitti alaMkaraNa bhI banAe jAte haiM, kAlI raMga kA upayoga hotA hai| 74 paurANika bhitti citroM meM svarNa raMga kI pradhAnatA rahI hai jo Aja bhI maMdiroM kI citrakArI meM vidyamAna hai| svarNa ke Tukar3e ko sAinAiTa meM rakha dete haiM vaha dhIre dhIre tarala hone lagatA hai| isa svarNa lepa ko citroM meM lagAyA jAtA hai| milAkara taiyAra kiyA jAtA syAhI ke rUpa meM isI kAle arhat vacana 14 (4), 2002

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sarAka kSetra kI lokakalA citra zailI, saMyojana anUThA hai raMga vidhAna zailI Adi kA vivecana pramukha pratIkoM, abhiprAyoM ke artha unake aMkanoM para maiMne prakAza DAlA hai| sarAka lokazailI kA pratyeka citra jaina dhArmika bhAvanA se otaprota rahatA hai yaha eka mukhya vizeSatA hai| sarAka prajAti ke loka citrAMkana viSaya para eka svataMtra rUpa se zodha prabandha likhA jA sakatA hai| sarAka virAsata, purAtatva itihAsa, sAmajika Arthika svarUpoM para pRthaka - pRthaka zodha kI mahatI saMbhAvanAeM haiN| AvazyakatA saMdarbho ke ujAgara karane kI hai| sandarbha 1. Folk Miniature Paintings of Samthal, Dr. P. Chandra, Colarado (U.S.A.) Jain Inflence on Folk Art, Dr. P. Chandra. 3. enthropolIka janarala, Dec. 84, P. 154. sarAka citrakalA ke katipaya namUne M 92291334 OJP HARE arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 75

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| b 11211111111lld ///// l - - ///// l( 36 4u-1, 14 (4), 2002 76

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, varSa 14, aMka 4, 2002, 77-80 - jaina darzana kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa * mAnava utpatti kaise huI, kahA~ se huI, kisa sthAna meM aura kisa rUpa meM huI ina bAtoM ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM bar3A matabheda hai kintu vibhinna matamatAntaroM ke adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nirbAdha nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki pRthvI tala para mAnava ke sarvaprathama astitva ke jisa samaya se pramANa milate haiM tabhI se bhAratavarSa meM vaha vidyamAna thaa| ataH yaha tathya niHsaMdeha spaSTa hai ki mAnavIya itihAsa ke prArambha kAla se hI bhArata bhUmi manuSya kI lIlA bhUmi rahI hai| mAnava aura usakI Adima prAgaitihAsika sabhyatA ke vikAsa kA yuga bhUtAtvikoM evaM prAgaaitihAsajJoM kI bhASA meM cauthA kAla kahalAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti vizva kI prAcInatama saMskRti kahI jAtI hai| isa saMskRti meM do mahAna dhArAoM kA milApa hai zramaNa aura vaidika donoM dhArAoM kI apanI apanI saMskRti rahI hai| vaidika saMskRti 'brahmA' kI pRSThabhUmi se udbhUta huI hai jabaki zramaNa saMskRti 'sama' zabda ke vividha rUpoM aura arthoM para AdhArita hai| vaidika saMskRti meM parataMtratA, IzvarAvalambana aura kriyAkANDa kI dharama pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, jabaki jaina saMskRti svAtantrya, svAvalambana, vizuddha evaM AtmA kI sarvocca zakti para vizvAsa karatI hai| zrama zabda kI vyAkhyA meM hI zramaNa saMskRti kA Adarza nihita hai jo zrama karatA hai, tapasyA karatA hai aura apane puruSArtha para vizvAsa karatA hai, vahI zramaNa kahalAtA hai| apane puruSArtha para vizvAsa karane vAle aura puruSArtha dvArA Atma- siddhi karane vAle kSatriya hote haiN| isaliye kahanA hogA ki zramaNa saMskRti puruSArtha kSatriya saMskRti rahI hai| maiM jInA cAhatA huuN| Apa jInA cAhate hai| hamAre Asa pAsa kA jIva jagata jInA cAhatA hai| saba kI jIjIviSA meM tAlamela biThAne vAlI jaina paramparA kA vyavasthita itihAsa hai| loga nahIM jAnate ki isa paramparA kA tAnA bAnA tIrthakaroM ke sAtha bunA huA hai| tIrthakara 24 haiN| pratyeka tIrthakara ke zAsana meM sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka zrAvikA ke tIrtha sthApita hote haiN| tIrtha sthApanA ke samaya sabase pahale gaNadharoM ko muni dIkSA dI jAtI hai! gaNadhara vibhinna gaNoM ke rUpa meM tIrthakara kI zramaNa sampadA ke samyak vAhaka hote hai tIrthakara pravacana karate hai gaNadhara unase Agama kI racanA karate haiN| jaina paramparA ke prAraMbha kartA ayodhyA pradeza ke nAmi suta RSabhadeva the jaba taka bhArata rahegA taba taka RSabhadeva aura unake putra bharata kA nAma amara rhegaa| saMskRta kI RSa dhAtu (kriyA) hai jisakA apabhraMza aMgrejI kA risarca hai arthAt anusaMdhAna hai RSabhadeva ne mAnavIya astitva kA anusaMdhAna kiyA ki binA tapa aura ahiMsA ke mAnavatA kA astitva sthira aura sthita nahIM raha sktaa| ahiMsA aura tapa hI mAnava kI saMjIvanI zakti hai| RSabha se tAtparya anusaMdhAna aura pragati usakI 'mA' = AmA (prakAza) ko dene vAlA ArSa vyaktitva RSabha / zAstroM meM sarvazreSTha ko RSabha kahA jAtA hai| TakasAla galI, dAnAolI, gvAliyara - 1 phona 3203245 8 RSabhadeva ne pASANakAlIna prakRti para AdhArita asamya yuga kA aMta karake jJAna vijJAna saMyukta karma pradhAna mAnavI sabhyatA ko bhUtala para sarvaprathama OM namaH (prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne asi, masi, kRSi, zilpa, vANijya aura vidyArUpa laukika SaTkarmoM kA tathA devapUjA, guru bhakti, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna rUpa dhArmika SaTakarmoM kA upadeza diyaa| rAjya vyavasthA kI, samAja saMgaThana kiyA aura mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke bIja boye| unhIM se bhAratIya kSatriyoM ke prAcInatama ikSvAkuvaMza kA prAraMbha huA rAjakAja ke sAtha udyoga, sahayoga aura

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yoga kI saMgati biThAne ke kAraNa RSabhadeva kA itihAsa meM prathama rAjA, prathama muni, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthakara aura prathama dharma cakravartI ke rUpa meM sthAna hai| ve jisa kAla meM hue, itihAsa usa ananta atIta kI dhUla bhI nahIM chU sktaa| loka ko laukika evaM pAralaukika upadeza dekara unhoMne nispRha, nirIha, yoga mArga apanAyA aura kailAza parvata se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| unake putra samrATa bharata cakravartI ne sarvaprathama sampUrNa bhArata ko rAjanaitika eka sUtratA meM bA~dhane kA prayatna kiyaa| unhIM ke nAma se hamAre deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa kahalAyA aura prAcIna AryoM kA bhAratavaMza claa| RSabha ke eka anya putra kA nAma dravir3a thA jinheM uttarakAlIna drAvir3o kA pUrvaja mAnA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai kisI vidyAdhara kanyA se vivAha karake vidyAdharoM ke deza meM jA base hoM aura unake netA bane ho. jisase kAlAntara meM ve dravir3a khlaae| bharata ke putra arkakIrti se sUryavaMza, somaprabha se somavaMza tathA eka anya vaMzaja se kuruvaMza calA, aisI mAnyatAyeM haiN| RSabha dvArA upadezita yaha ahiMsAmaya sarala dharma usa kAla meM sambhavata: RSabha dharma, Arhata dharma, magga yA mArga athavA mukti mArga khlaayaa| RSabha ke uparAnta Ane vAle ajitanAtha Adi vibhinna 23 tIrthakaroM ne isa saMskRti kA poSaNa kiyA aura ukta sadAcAra pradhAna yoga dharma kA puna: puna: pracAra kiyaa| prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva prAgvaidika yuga meM ho| dUsare ajitanAtha se navam puSpadanta tIrthakara kA samaya sindhu ghATI sabhyatA kAla mAnA jAtA hai| sindhu ghATI ke prAcIna nivAsI kRSaka aura vyApArI the| unakI ucca sAmAjika vyavasthA unake dvArA suniyojita aura acchIrIti se nirmita nagaroM se parilakSita hotI hai| ve aneka prakAra ke bartana banAte the| sonA, cA~dI aura hAthI dA~ta ke jevara banAte the| jau, gehU~ aura kapAsa kI khetI hotI thii| kAtanA aura bunanA uttama evaM unnata dazA meM thaa| mohanajodar3oM nivAsI yoga kI praNAliyoM se paricita the| utkhanan meM prApta mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapasyA se vizeSa rUpa meM milatI hai| haDappA meM milI mUrti ko zrI rAmacandrana jaise purAtatvavida prathama tIrthakara kI mUrti hI mAnate haiN|' mohanajodaDoM aura haDappA saMskRtiyoM se jina prAgvaidika logoM kA sambandha rahA unheM vrAtya, nAga, yakSa, rAkSasa, dravir3a Adi kahA jAtA rahA hai| paM. javAharalAla neharU kA mata hai ki hindustAna kI sabase purAnI kauma, jisakA hAla hameM mAlUma hai, dravir3a hai| usakI eka alaga jabAna thii| dravir3a dUsarI jAti vAloM ke sAtha vyApAra Adi kiyA karate the| sara jhona mArzala ne bhI mAnA hai ki sindhu sabhyatA AryoM kI vaidika sabhyatA se bilkula bhinna thI, tathA usase prAcIna thii| usakA vinAza AkrAnta AryoM kI hiMsaka pravRtti ke kAraNa huA, aisA anumAna hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tIsare tIrthakara sambhavanAtha ke samaya meM isa prAcIna sabhyatA kA prAraMbha huaa| saMbhavanAtha kA viziSTa lAMchana azva hai aura sindha deza cirakAla taka apane saindhava azvoM ke liye prakhyAt hai| 'RSabha' zabda kA artha vRSabha hai aura vRSabha jaina RSabhadeva kA lAMchana hai| sindhu ghATI kI aneka mudrAoM meM vRSabha yukta kAyotsarga yogiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| RSabha yA vRSabha kA artha dharma bhI hai zAyada isIliye ki loka meM dharma sarvaprathama tIrthakara RSabha ke rUpa meM pragaTa, prakhyAta huA hai| pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra na kevala sindhu ghATI ke dharma ko jaina dharma se sambaMdhita mAnate haiM varan vahA~ se prApta eka mudrA naM. 449 para to unhoMne 'jinezvaraH' (jina issara:) zabda bhI aMkita rahA batAyA hai aura jaina AmnAya kI 'zrI, hrIM klIM' Adi deviyoM kI mAnyatA bhI vahA~ rahI batAyI hai| vahA~ se nAgaphaNa ke chatra se yukta yogI mUrtiyA~ bhI prApta haI haiM jo sAtaveM tIrthakara supArzva kI haiN| inakA lAMchana svastika hai aura tatkAlIna sindhu ghATI meM svastika eka 78 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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atyanta lokapriya cinha dRSTigocara hotA hai| sar3akeM aura galiyoM taka svastikAkAra milatI haiN| DA. herAsa ke anusAra mohanajodar3oM kA prAcIna nAma nandUra thA arthAt makara deza thA aura nandUra lipi manuSya kI sarvaprathama lipi yaha sabhyatA manuSya kI bhUtala para sarvaprathama sabhyatA thii| DA. herAsa isa sabhyatA ko dravir3Iya hI mAnate haiM isa sambandha meM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki 'makara' naveM tIrthakara puSpadaMta kA lAMchana hai| pro. esa. zrIkRSNa zAstrI kA kahanA hai ki digambara dharma, yoga mArga, vRSabha Adi vibhinna lAMchanoM kI pUjA Adi bAtoM ke kAraNa prAcIna sindhu sabhyatA jaina dharma ke sAtha adbhuta sAdRzya rakhatI haiM ataH vaha mUlataH anArya athavA kama se kama avaidika to hai hii| jaina anuzruti ke adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki dasaveM tIrthakara zItalanAtha ke uparAnta sarvaprathama brAhmaNoM ne zramaNa paramparA se apanA sambandha viccheda karake apanI pRthaka brAhmaNa saMskRti evaM vaidika dharma ko janma diyA thA isa kAla meM sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika saMgharSa kA jo silasilA calA yaha rAma rAvaNa yuddha taka avAdha gati se calatA rhaa| rAma kathA zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM meM samAna rUpa se pracalita hone ke bAvajUda ApasI matabheda ko mukharita hone se nahIM bacA skii| brAhmaNoM ke liye rAkSasoM ke vinAza, sItA vivAha, saMgharSa, zaurya pradarzana Adi dilacaspI kA viSaya hai, jabaki zramaNoM kI dilacaspI zIla, saMyama, AjJA pAlana Adi meM rahI hai, jisase yuddha bhUmi meM bhI yoddhA ahiMsA kA varaNa kara letA hai| hiMsA banAma ahiMsA ke calate jIvana aura jIvikA meM antarvirodha bar3hA jo kAlAntara meM mArjAra mUSaka kI bhA~ti vidveSa rakhane vAlA udAharaNa bana gyaa| zrI jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ne 'bhAratIya kI rUparekhA' meM ikSvAku se pANDavoM taka huI 95 pIr3hiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| usameM eka se 40 pIr3hI taka satayuga, 41 se 65 pIr3hI taka tretA 66 se 95 vIM pIr3hI taka dvApara mAnA hai| unakI sthApanA ke anusAra 2950 se 2300 I. pUrva taka satayuga 2300 se 1700 I. pUrva taka tretA aura 1700 se 1425 I. pUrva taka dvApara rhaa| phira kaliyuga prArambha huA tretA meM rAma aura dvApara meM kRSNa sarvAdhika carcita vyaktitatva rahe / kRSNa ke samaya 1424 I. pU. mahAbhArata yuddha huA, jisameM 283 rAjAoM sahita 53 lAkha 12 hajAra 840 (18 akSohiNI) sainika mAre gye| tadanantara 56 karor3a yaduvaMza bhI Apasa meM lar3a mre| taba jainoM ke 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi nava nirmANa ke liye maidAna meM utare / toraNa dvAra taka pahu~cane se pUrva unheM eka bAr3e meM banda pazuoM kA ArttanAda sunAI par3A to unheM bacAne kI bhAvanA se binA byAhe lauTa gye| unake upadeza se mA~sAhAra tyAgane kI hor3a laga gii| karor3oM bhAratIyoM ko nirAmiSamojI banAne kA zreya ariSTanemi ko jAtA hai| yuddha meM mAre gaye logoM kI vidhavAoM ko sAtvika jIvana jIne kI preraNA dene, anAtha baccoM ko saMrakSita karane, vRddha mAtA- pitAoM ko sahArA dene, parAjitoM kA AtmavizvAsa lauTAne aura vijayI logoM kA unmAda niyaMtrita karane meM dvArikA se purI taka kI ariSTa nemi kI pada yAtrAyeM prabhAvI rahIM marane para svarga aura jItane para rAjya bhogane vAlI mAnasikatA badalI evaM saMhAra ke sAdhana sRjana meM lage Arya vicArakoM ne prAgvaidika darzana ko apnaayaa| usake bAda vaidika, avaidika Arya anArya paramparAoM ne Apasa meM milakara hindutva kA rUpa liyaa| ikSvAku kI 33 vIM pIr3hI meM ayodhyA nareza harizandra huye svapna meM unhoMne apanA rAjya maharSi vizvAmitra ko de diyA aura dakSiNA ke liye apanI rAnI aura rAjakumAra ke sAtha Akara kAzI ke bAjAra meM Akara bike| bikane se milane vAlI dakSiNA lene vAle RSi kA hAtha nahIM kA~pA / pIDhI dara pIr3hI kahI jAne vAlI isa kathA ko sunakara I.pU. arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 79

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8 vIM zatAbdI meM kAzI ke rAjakumAra pArzvanAtha kA hRdaya baicena ho gyaa| vaha socane lagA ki kaise RSi haiM jo yogya ayogya, ucita - anucita kA bheda nahIM smjhte| vaha kaisA jAtyAbhimAnI samAja hai jo satyavAdI kA sahArA banane hetu antyaja jitanA tyAga karane se DaratA hai ? pArzvanAtha ne daMbha aura pAkhaMDa ke khilApha morcA kholaa| taba yakSa samarthakoM ne kamaTha tApasa ke netRtva meM aisA mAhaula khar3A kiyA ki kAzI se aminiSkramaNa karanA pdd'aa| isa ghaTanA se pUrva kAzI zramaNa saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai| pArzvanAtha kA samaya anArya kSetroM meM ghUmane, nAgAoM se milane, pichar3I jAtiyoM kA vizvAsa jItane meM lgaa| kAzmIra se kanyAkumArI taka aura kaliGga se lekara kaccha taka unakI yAtrA rahI baMgAla, bihAra aura uDIsA meM unakA prabhAva rahA sarAka, sadamoma, raMgiyA Adi jAtiyA~ hAla taka unheM lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM apanA kula devatA mAnatI rahI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki te tibbata bhI gae / zramaNa netA ke rUpa meM unake isa pravAsa kA vyApaka asara huaa| isa kAraNa zramaNa saMskRti kA vistAra bhArata se adhika bhArata se bAhara dekhA gyaa| jisameM sArA eziyA hI madhyapUrva aura bhArata ko chor3akara isa kSetra meM A gyaa| aphrIkA, AsTreliyA aura pUrvIdvIpa samUha ke prAcIna dharma bhI zramaNa dharma se bahuta prabhAvita pAye jAte haiN| - pArzvanAtha ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke bAre meM apekSita zodha nahIM huA hai, lekina buddha aura mahAvIra se pUrva unakA prabhAva kSetra kitanA phaila gayA thA, yaha bauddha sAhitya se jAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM jaina dharma ke eka aise gauravamaya sAkSya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jisakA patA svayaM jaina dharmAnuyAyayoM ko nahIM hai| per3a, paudhe, pazu, pakSI, devI devatA sahita jitane jIvana ke tala haiM, una sabhI ko saMvedanA bhAva saMkrAnta karane vAle 24 veM tIrthakara zramaNa mahAvIra bhagavAna huye bahupatnI prathA, dAsa dAsiyoM kI kharIda bikrI, pazu-pakSiyoM ke prati hone vAlI krUratA tathA dhArmika kriyA kANDoM ke virUddha janamata nirmANa karane hetu unhoMne kyA nahIM kiyA? isa yuga ke mahApuruSoM meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya sthAna buddha ke samakAlIna vardhamAna mahAvIra ko thaa| svayaM buddha unake teja se prabhAvita the aura unakA Adara karate the| zramaNa paramparA meM usI dharma kA punaH uddhAra, pracAra evaM saMskAra karane ke liye aMtima tIrthakara ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| unhoMne sva puruSArtha dvArA apanI AtmA ko carama zikhara para pahu~cA diyaa| jaina dharma kA jo kucha vartamAna rUpa hai tathA usake gata DhAI sahasra varSoM kA jo kucha itihAsa evaM saMskRti hai, usa sabakA sarvAdhika zreya mahAvIra ko hI hai| - baira ke sthAna para mitratA karanA, amaMgala ke sthAna para maMgala karanA azAnti ke sthAna para zAnti sthApita karanA, viSamatA ke sthAna para samatA karanA aura saMhAra ke sthAna para sRjana kA vAtAvaraNa banAnA hI jainoM kA iSTa rahA hai jo paramparAgamya se adhika parAkramagamya hai, jo zAstragamya se adhika sadAcAra gamya hai, saMyama aura sahiSNutA gamya hai, jisameM hiMsA kI koI kiMcita mAtra svIkRti nahIM hai jisa prakAra parivAra prema ke bandhana se baMdhA hai, usI taraha tathA kathita samyasamAja meM rASTra ke nAma se jAnA jAne vAlA samya samAja bhI isI bandhana se baMdhA huA hai| bAta sirpha itanI hI hai ki ve ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kareM vaha tabhI svIkAra kara pAegeM, jaba hamArI niSThA bolegii| sandarbha : 1 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI, pR. 5357 2. pitA ke patra putrI ke nAma, javAharalAla neharU, pR. 49 3 bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti, javAhiralAla jaina, pR. 8 4. manmatha bhAga 1, gaNapati zaMkara, pR.. 409 prApta: 3.9.2000 80 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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varSa - 14, aMka - 4, 2002, 81-84 arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura jaina paramparA se jur3I mAyA sabhyatA DA.je. DI.jaina* uttarI amerikA meM maiksiko deza ke yukaTana upamahAdvIpa, belIja, gautemAlA, hoMDurAsa va ela - sailveDora - dezoM meM mAyA sabhyatA kA udbhava va vikAsa huaa| yahAM ke logoM ko bhAratIya kahA jAtA thA kyoMki bhArata kI khoja meM nikale kolambasa ne galatI se pazcima kI tarapha pahuMcakara ina dezoM ko bhArata kA bhAga samajhakara inheM bhAratIya ghoSita kara diyA thaa| IsA ke 1000 se 1500 varSa pahale se loga yahAM sarvaprathama nadiyoM ke kinAre basane lage the| jyoM-jyoM AbAdI bar3hI, jagaha kI kamI par3I to ye loga apane choTe - choTe kunaboM sahita anyatra jagaha - jagaha basane lge| ye loga avazya hI dhArmika pravRtti ke rahe hoMge kyoMki inhoMne apanI - apanI bastiyoM meM maMdira banavAne AraMbha kara diye| isa prakAra uparokta varNita deza meM saikar3oM maMdiroM kI sthApanA ho gii| ina maMdiroM kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki pratyeka kSetra meM eka sAtha 2,3,4 yA usase adhika maMdira pAye gaye haiM aura prAya: sabhI jagahoM para eka kuMA avazya hai| aisI zrRMkhalAbaddha maMdiroM kI katAroM ko dekhate huye aisA lagatA hai ki ina maMdiroM kI sthApanA ke samaya apane iSTa devI-devatA ke vibhinna avasara manAne ke lie yaha maMdira / bhavana banAte hoN| inakI aisI paramparA kI saMbhAvanA ko dekhate huye aisA lagatA hai jaise mAyA sabhyatA para jaina dharma kA avazya hI prabhAva rahA hogaa| kyoMki jaina dharmAvalambI apane tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka utsava janma, tapa, jJAna, mokSa kalyANaka Adi utsava manAne ke lie pANDakazilA Adi kA nirmANa karate haiN| ina maMdiroM kA nirmANa kAla san 700 se 1200 I. ke madhya kA mAnA gayA hai| agara hama saMpUrNa vizva meM jahAM - jahAM bhI patthara ke vizAla maMdira bane haiM, jaise iNDoneziyA meM jAvA kA borobudura maMdira, kamboDiyA meM aMgakora ke maMdira, bhArata meM khajurAho ke maMdira ityAdi kA adhyayana kareM, to pAyeMge ki ve saba maMdira isI avadhi ke daurAna bane haiN| cAra mAyA sthaloM - talama. solImana. tankhahA evama ikselhA meM talama to jaise mAyA sabhyatA kI paitRka sampatti hI hai| ye saba kairebiyana samudrataTa para base hue haiN| pazcima meM cicena iTUjA, uksamahala ityAdi haiN| vAstu zilpakalA meM yadyapi tuluma cicena iTUjA ityAdi kA mukAbalA nahIM kara sktaa| parantu pUrvI samudrataTa para yaha eka mahatvapUrNa mAyA sthala hai| yahAM kI karIba 60 imAratoM meM TolTeka sthApatya kalA kA prabhAva najara AtA hai| eka piremiDa maMdira to bhitti citroM se suzobhita hai| vIrAja evaM tabasko prAntoM meM olemeka nirmANa zailI meM bane martiyoM ke dhaDa mile haiM jo 1200 se 900 I. pUrva banAye gaye the| eka dhar3a to 11 phuTa UMcA hai| purAtatvajJa to inheM vahAM ke pramukha zAsakoM ke prArUpI dhar3a mAnate haiN| ina dhar3oM ke citroM ke anusAra mujhe aisA lagA ki inake AkAra ityAdi kamboDiyA meM aMgakora ke prasiddha bAyoM maMdira ke zikharoM para bane dhar3oM ke samAna haiN| inake alAvA jo anya mUrtiyAM pAyI gaI haiM vo padmAsana hai aura sAmane dekhatI huyI hai| aisA lagatA hai jaise ye pratimAyeM jIvanta hoN| samaya ke sAtha ina imAratoM kI banAvaTa ityAdi meM badalAva Ate gaye, udAharaNa ke liye maMdira ke pichale bhAga meM rAjA ke mahala bhI banane lage, maMdira ke sAmane UMce cabUtare banane lage tAki loga dhArmika utsava dekha skeN| dhIre-dhIre maMdira parisaroM meM hI * e-2, zrIjI nagara, durgApurA, jayapura (rAja.)

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sAmAjika, sAMskRtika va nyAyika vAda-vivAda ke phaisale bhI hone laga ge| spena deza ke AkramaNa ke bAda, speniza sipAhiyoM ne ina maMdiroM ko bhArI kSati pahuMcAI aura samasta mUrtiyAM tor3a ddaalii| ina sipAhiyoM ke sAtha Ane vAle misanariyoM dvArA apane rAjA ko likhe patra ke anusAra ina sipAhiyoM ne mahilAoM ke hAtha, pAva, stana kATa kara unheM jhIloM meM pheMkakara bahuta Ananda manAyA batAte haiN| vahAM ke nAgarika deza chor3akara bhAga nikale aura isake bAda to mAyA zAsana kabhI bhI ekajuTa nahIM ho paayaa| zAsaka bhI apane par3osI dezoM ke sAtha gRhayuddha meM phaMsa gye| isa prakAra IsA kI 13 vIM zatAbdI taka mAyA sabhyatA kA hamezA ke liye aMta ho gyaa| itihAsajJoM ke anusAra yahAM ke zAsaka bahuta nirdayI the, yaha niSkarSa unhoMne ina khaNDahara maMdiroM meM bane bhitti citroM va dIvAroM para ukere gaye dRzyoM ke AdhAra para nikaalaa| bhU- garbha se aise aujAra va upakaraNa prApta huye haiM jinake dvArA baccoM va yuvA puruSoM ke siroM ko zikaMje meM dabAkara eka-eka bUMda khUna nikAla kara jAnavaroM ko pilAte the| parantu maiM uparokta niSkarSa se sahamata nahIM huuN| bhitticitroM para to narka ityAdi kA citraNa jaina maMdiroM meM Amataura para pAyA jAtA hai| aura yahAM bhI saMbhavatayA narko kA citraNa hI ho| jo upakaraNa prApta hue haiM vo aparAdhiyoM ko sajA dene ke lie hoN| ata: vahAM ke zAsakoM ko nirdayI ghoSita karanA nyAya saMgata nahIM lagatA, khAsataura para una zAsakoM ke lie jinhoMne itane maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA hai| kaI jagahoM para vedhazAlAyeM bhI milI haiM jinase patA calA hai ki ye zAsaka bahata acche gaNitajJa the aura unheM jyotiSa vidyA kA acchA jJAna thaa| nezanala jyogrAphika patrikAoM meM chape lekhoM meM varNana va khaNDahara maMdiroM ke citroM ko dekhakara mujhe aisA mahasUsa huA ki ho na ho isa mAyA sabhyatA para jaina paramparA kA avazya prabhAva rahA hogaa| ata: isa saMbhAvanA kI puSTi karane ke lie maiM laoNsa enjalisa (amerikA) meM disambara 1999 se pharavarI 2001 taka ke pravAsa ke daurAna 1 navambara 2000 ko 6 ghaMTe kI ur3Ana ke bAda maiksiko ke yukaTana upamahAdvIpa ke kainkuna havAI aDDe para phuNcaa| kainkuna maiksiko kA bahuta lokapriya paryaTana sthala hai| yaha sthAna varSabhara garma mausama, sadaiva samudrI havAoM se AkarSita sUryAsta dRzyoM ke lie bahuta prasiddha hai| gotAkhAroM, nAvikoM va pramukha sabhA, sammelanoM ke lie ucita sthAna hai| yukaTana upamahAdvIpa ke mAyA sabhyatA ko apanAye kairebiyAna samudrI taTa para base iksakAreta, ikselhA, taluma evam pazcima meM sthita cicena iTUjA, kokhA va uksamahala ityAdi ke bhramaNa ke lie Thaharane kA ucita sthAna hai| cUMki mere pAsa kevala do dina kA hI samaya thA isalie maiMne kevala cicena iTrajA hI dekhane kA mAnasa bnaayaa| 2 navambara ko kaikuna se karIba 120 ki.mI. pazcima meM sthita iTUjA basa ke dvArA phuNcaa| cicena iTUjA kI imArate TolTeka kSetrIya zailI kI pratIka hai| yahA~ eka sabase UMcA piremiDa maMdira hai (citra- 1). jisake cAroM aura sIDhiyAM banI haiM aura karIba 120 phu kI UMcAI para eka maMdira hai jisake cAroM ora parikramA lagAne ko gailarI hai| isa maMdira kI banAvaTa mujhe jaina zAstroM meM varNita pAMDukazilA jaisI lagI jisakA upayoga paMcakalyANaka mahotsavoM meM bhagavAna ke janma kalyANaka manAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isa maMdira ke uttarI bhAga meM 2 aura piremiDa maMdira haiM (citra-2) jinakI UMcAI kramaza: kama hotI gaI hai| eka anya maMdira kI eka pazcimI dIvAra para 2 mUrtiyAM banI haiM jina para nAga kA phaNa hai| (citra - 3) ye hI eka mAtra sthAna hai jo isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA pragaTa karatA hai ki mAyA sabhyatA jaina paramparA se jur3I ho| isa maMdira ke pAsa hI saikar3oM khaMbe dikhAI 82 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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dete rahe haiM ve kisI dharmazAlA ke khaNDahara haiM jo zAyada sAdhu, sAdhviyoM, yAtriyoM ke lie banAI gaI ho| eka citra ke bAre meM darzAe gae maMdira zAyada bhagavAna ke tapa kalyANaka utsavoM ke daurAna saMdhyA meM hone vAle pravacana va sAMskRtika kAryakramoM ke lie hoN| (citra -4) yahAM eka vizAla kuMA bhI hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke lie kuMe kI AvazyakatA batAnA jarUrI nahIM hai| hAla hI meM kI gaI khoja meM gotemAlA deza meM eka aise piremiDa maMdira ke avazeSa mile haiM jisake cAroM aura 11 korTa yArDa bane haiN| isa khoja se aisA lagatA hai zAyada yahAM koI samavazaraNa kI racanA kI gaI ho| isake pAsa hI rAjA kA zAnadAra mahala milA hai jisakI UMcAI karIba 179 phuTa hai| purAtatvajJoM kA mAnanA hai ki isa khoja ke bAda zAyada mAyA sabhyatA kA itihAsa badala jaae| AzA hai jaina samAja ke kucha anubhavI va vidvAna loga vahAM jAkara ina khaNDahara maMdiroM kA avalokana kareM tAki jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke bAre meM adhika pramANa prApta ho skeN| citra-1 citra-2 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 83

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citra-3 citra-4 prApta 07.04.2001 84 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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TippaNI-1 / arhat vacana / kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura zAkAhAra aura svAsthya rakSA para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza AryikA RddhizrI bhojana kA uddezya mAtra bhUkha zAMta karanA hI nahIM parantu svAda kA AnaMda lene ke sAtha - sAtha zArIrika svAsthya banAye rakhanA tathA mAnasika evaM cAritrika vikAsa karanA bhI hai| bhojana kA hamAre AcAra - vicAra - vyavahAra, ciMtana-manana, svabhAva Adi se gaharA saMbaMdha hai| isIliye bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne bhojana ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki bhojana kaba, kyoM, kitanA, kaisA aura kahA~ karanA cAhiye aura kaba, kyoM kitanA, kaisA aura kahA~ nahIM karanA cAhiye? bhojana kaise vAtAvaraNa meM banAnA, khAnA, khilAnA cAhiye? bhojana ke srota kitane pavitra, zuddha, sAtvika, ahiMsaka, naitika hone cAhiye Adi viSayoM para vyAkhyA kI thii| hiyAhArA miyAhArA appAhArA ye je nraa| na te vijjA tigacchaMti appANaM te tigicchg| arthAta jo hitakArI, parimita tathA kama bAra AhAra karate haiM unheM cikitsaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| ve svayaM apane cikitsaka hote haiN| yahI bAta Aja ke AhAra vizeSajJa batAte haiM ki adhikAMza zArIrika rogoM kA kAraNa bhojana saMbaMdhI visaMgatiyA~. asAvadhAnI, lAparavAhI hai jisakA pramukha kAraNa bhojana ke bAre meM ajJAnatA, svAdalolupatA, samyagciMtana kA abhAva, svaviveka kI kamI, anaitika AcaraNa, saMkIrNa svArthI dRSTikoNa Adi haiN| hamAre RSi, manISI, tIrthakaroM ne apane satyajJAna evaM anubhava ke AdhAra para mAnava kI jIvanazailI ko prakRti ke anurUpa jisa sahaja - sarala rUpa se DhAlane kA nirdeza - mArgadarzana diyA, usake pAlana se janasAdhAraNa kA svAsthya acchA raha sakatA hai| jaise mausama ke badalAva se juDe hamAre tyauhAra, upAsanA, ArAdhanA evaM sAdhanA paddhati, khAne meM saMyama, vrata, ekAzana, upavAsa, rAtri bhojana kA niSedha, rahana-sahana, khAna - pAna, vastra - AbhUSaNa, rIti-rivAja, sukha-du:kha ke prasaMgoM para sAmUhika bhAgIdArI dvArA Ayojita hone vAle samArohoM ke pIche svAsthya vijJAna kA pUrNa AdhAra thA parantu Aja ye saba bAteM prAyaH gauNa hotI jA rahI haiM aura pazcimI sabhyatA kA aMdhAnukaraNa kara AdhunikatA, phaizana, bAhya dikhAve kI Ar3a meM binA soce samajhe, samyakaciMtana manana viveka ko khokara abhakSya, ahitakara, dupAcya, asaMtulita, bemausama ke anurUpa bhojana karate jA rahe haiM jisake duSpariNAma svarUpa anekoM bImAriyA~, vikRtiyA~, samasyAe~ pratidina bar3hatI jA rahI haiM, jo ciMtana, ciMtA kA viSaya hai| svAsthya jo tana, mana, AtmA ke eka saMtulita, anuzAsita, samanvaya kA pratIka hai, koI aisI vastu nahIM hai jisako bAjAra se kharIdA jA sake, udhAra liyA jA sake yA curAyA jA ske| svastha rahanA bhI eka kalA hai| bhojana usakA mahatvapUrNa pakSa hai| ata: hameM acche svAsthya ke liye ciMtana manana karanA cAhiye ki hamAre bhojana kA uddezya kyA hai? hama bhojana kyoM karate haiM? bhojana kaisA karanA cAhiye? bhojana kaba, kyoM, kitanA, kaise vAtAvaraNa meM karanA cAhiye? bhojana kaise aura kina bhAvoM ke sAtha banAyA, khilAyA jAnA cAhiye? bhojana hamArI zArIrika pAcana praNAlI ke anukUla hai yA nahIM? bhojana meM arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 85

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kyA kyA hAnikAraka tatva hai ? ityAdi bAtoM kA svastha svAsthya ke liye ciMtana paripAlana Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra viSa kI eka bU~da mana bhara dUdha ko viSAkta, apeya banA detI hai, eka cinagArI lAkhoM Tana ghAsa ko jalA detI hai, ThIka usI prakAra bhojana meM uparyukta tathyoM kA jitanA jyAdA viveka, ciMtana, paripAlanA hogI, bhojana utanA hI acchA, svAsthyavarddhaka evaM nirdoSa hogA isake viparIta uparyukta bAtoM kI jitanI upekSA, lAparavAhI hogI, utanA hI bhojana hAnikAraka evaM doSapUrNa hogaa| Aja bahuta hI durbhAgya, kheda kA kA viSaya hai ki TI.vI. aura anya saMcAra mAdhyamoM ke dvArA upabhoktAoM ko AkarSita karane vAle mAyAvI bhrAmaka hAnikAraka padArthoM kA khule Ama pracAra prasAra ho rahA hai| kRSi maMtrAlaya mAMsAhAra ko bar3hAvA dene ke liye vibhinna suvidhAyeM upalabdha karAtA rahA hai| zikSA maMtrAlaya mAMsAhAra ke duSprabhAvoM se vidyArthiyoM ko avagata karAne kI jimmedArI se dUra bhAga rahA hai| amerikA Adi dezoM meM mAMsa, bIDI, sigareTa, tambAkU, guTakhA, zarAba Adi ke vijJApanoM para pratibandha hai lekina hamArA saMcAra maMtrAlaya ina sabakA pracAra prasAra vijJApana kara rahA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa bhArata meM roga evaM rogiyoM kI saMkhyA meM nirantara vRddhi ho rahI hai| mAMsAhAra, tAmasika AhAra svAsthya kI dRSTi se hAnikAraka, Arthika dRSTi se mahaMgA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nIca gati meM le jAne vAlA mAnavIya guNoM kA nAza karane vAlA, paryAvaraNa kI dRSTi se anyAya kA poSaNa karane vAlA hai| ataH jo mAMsAhAra, tAmasika AhAra karate haiM karavAte haiM, athavA karane vAloM ko acchA samajhate haiM ve sabhI asaMskArita amAnavIya, rasanA indriya ke gulAma, svAdalolupa, parAdhIna, parAvalambI, bhakti, asaMyamI, nikRSTa ra hai| isa choTI sI TippaNI ke mAdhyama se Aja kI bhogavAdI, mAyAvI bhramita pIr3hI ko yaha batAnA cAhatI hU~ ki mAnava jIvana ke pratyeka kadama ke sAtha zAkAhAra honA caahiye| yahA~ zAkAhAra se merA tAtparya sirpha gaoNsa ke tyAga se hI nahIM hai balki apane zaukoM, manoraMjanoM ko pUrNa karane hetu hiMsA na karanA bhI zAkAhAra hai| zAkAhAra ko spaSTa karane hetu merI nimna svaracita paribhASA dRSTavya hai manuSya janma se zAkAhArI mA~sa use anukUla nahIM / 1 pazu bhI mAnava jaise prANI, ve mevA phala phUla nahIM // zAkAhAra mAtra zAka AhAra nahIM zAkAhAra eka saMskRti yA sabhyatA mAtra nahIM, zAkAhAra kevala prakRti kA eka varadAna nahIM zAkAhAra sirpha eka lekha yA kavitA nahIM, zAkAhAra he jIo aura jIne do kI vicAradhArA, zAkAhAra hai karuNA, dayA, sneha, ahiMsA, satya kA saMgama, zAkAhAra hai puSpa ke madhya surabhi, zAkAhAra hai eka AtmIyatA, naitikatA, saMvedanazIlatA, sahiSNutA, zAkAhAra hai eka sarala, zuddha, pavitra saMpUrNa jIvanazailI' zAkAhAra jinendra deva kI asIma anukampA kA pariNAma hai jo sabhI prANiyoM ke liye amUlya ratna ke samAna hai| ataH zAkAhAra kI upayogitA svIkArate hue svayaM zAkAhArI baneM, dUsaroM ko bnaayeN| yadi hama aisA karane meM saphalatA prApta karate haiM to nizcita hI mahAvIra kI janakalyANI amRtavANI ke prati hamArI saccI vinayAMjali hogii| 86 * saMghastha vaijJAnika AcArya kanakanaMdIjI mahArAja samparka DaoN. nArAyaNalAla kacchArA, sUtra 55 ravIndra nagara, udayapura - 313003 (rAja.) - arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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TippaNI-2 arhata vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) dhruva kSetra aMTArkaTikA meM zAkotpAdana evaM zAkAhAra manojakumAra jaina 'nirlipta'* duniyA ke una mukAmoM/kSetroM, jahA~ ki zAka - pAta kucha hotA hI nahIM, ke loga yadi mAMsAhAra na kareM to kyA khAyeM? isa prakAra ke prazna prAya: logoM dvArA kiye hI jAte rahate haiM. aise praznoM ko Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne mAtra kutarkapUrNa athavA anucita, AdhArahIna/bebuniyAda pramANita kiyA hai| eka dazaka pUrva, deza ke samAcAra patroM meM agraNI 'navabhArata TAimsa' meM prakAzita yaha samAcAra Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa evaM harSapada hai ki dakSiNa dhruva kSetra - 'aMTArkaTikA' meM vaijJAnikoM ne hI sabjiyA~ evaM phala ugAne meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| itanA hI nahIM, usa aMTArkaTikA meM pahu~cane vAle bhAratIya rakSA anusadhAna prayogazAlA ke vaijJAnika dala ne vahA~ una tAjI sabjiyoM evaM phalo kA AhAra bhI kiyA hai| dainika 'navabhArata TAimsa (lakhanaU) ke 1 janavarI, 1992 ke aMka meM prakAzita ukta vaijJAnika dala ke sAtha aMTArkaTikA jAne vAle vizeSa samvAdadAtA zrI govinda rAjU kI riporTa 'tuphAnI havAoM ke bIca aMTArkaTikA paha~ce', isa sandarbha meM avazya hI mananIya hai| riporTa ke agoddhata binduoM para dhyAna denA hamArI zaMkAoM, jaise vikaTa ThaMDe dezoM meM zAkAhAra kaise saMbhava? kA sahaja samAdhAna hai evaM usako sarvatra evaM pUrNata: apanAye jAne kA zreSTha AhavAna hai| prastuta hai usa riporTa ke isa dizA meM mananIya, pramukha aMza - 'pRthvI ke sAtaveM mahAdvIpa aMTArkaTikA kI ziramAcara pahAr3iyA~ usa zAma 'bhArata mAtA kI jaya' ke jozIle nAroM se gUMja uThI thI aura hima ke usa biyAbAna meM dUra - dUra taka bikhara gaI thI una nAroM kI anuguuNj| avasara thA gyArahaveM bhAratIya aMTArkaTikA abhiyAna dala ke aMTArkaTikA sthita maitrI kendra meM pahu~cane kaa| 27 dina kI kaSTapada samudrI yAtrA pUrI karake dala somavAra 23 disambara ko aMTArkaTikA pahu~cA! jaise hI gyArahaveM dala ke netA DaoN. zaradIndu mukharjI va unake kucha sAthiyoM ne 'maitrI' kI dharatI para pA~va rakhA, dasaveM dala ke netA e. ke. haMjUrA va unake sAthiyoM ne unheM sara A~khoM para baiThA liyaa| aMTArkaTikA ke khataranAka mausama, akelepana, bhISaNa ThaNDa va pratikUla jIvana paristhitiyoM ke bAvajUda bhArata se hajAroM kilomITara dUra dakSiNa golArddha ke isa choTe se bhArata meM milana samAroha ke daurAna hue jalapAna meM sarvAdhika hairAna karane vAlI cIja thI - aMTArkaTikA meM ugI haI tAjA sabjiyA~ - khIre, TamATara va harI mirc| rakSA anusaMdhAna prayogazAlA ke vaijJAnikoM ne apane athaka parizrama se aMTArkaTikA meM sabjiyA~ ugAne meM saphalatA hAsila kI hai| Age likhate haiM - usa (aMTArkaTikA meM sabjiyA~ ugane) kI dizA meM abhI parIkSaNa jArI hai| kRSi - utpAdana kI isa saphalatA ke bAvajUda aMTArkaTikA meM prakRti aba bhI manuSya ke liye sabase bar3I bAdhA hai|" ukta samAcAra nizcita hI isa tathya kA bodhaka hai ki yadi mAnava cAhe to pratikUla prAkRtika paristhitiyoM meM bhI mAtra apane rahane kI hI nahIM, apitu acchA evaM zAkAhArI arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 .87

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khAna-pAna kI bhI suvyavasthA kara sakatA hai| zAkAhAra sadA, sarvathA hI acchA hai, kAraNa ki Aja ke vividha vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM meM bhI jahA~ mAMsAhAra ko vividha rogoM, yahA~ taka ki kaiMsara Adi jaise bhayaMkara rogoM kA janaka batalAyA gayA hai, vahIM zAkAhAra ko una rogoM se bacAva hI kA kAraNa nahIM, apitu bhayaMkara rogoM kI cikitsArtha bhI zreSTha pAyA gayA hai| yU~ to dhruva kSetroM kI sarvAdhika pratikUla paristhitiyoM se bahudhA jana sAmAnya nyUnAdhika paricita hai hI, yadi patrakAra zrI govinda rAjU hI kI ina paMktiyoM ko bhI par3ha liyA jAe, to zreSTha rhegaa| "yoM to ina dinoM aMTArkaTikA meM pUre 24 ghaMTe dina hI rahatA hai| phira bhI bAdaloM aura ghane kohare ke kAraNa adhika dUrI taka dekha sakanA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| teja havAeM alaga bAdhA paidA karatI haiN| cAroM ora eka sA hima viyAbAna hone ke kAraNa helIkApTara cAlakoM ke lie mArga - nirdhAraNa meM bahuta kaThinAIyA~ hotI haiN| jarA sI cUka hone para bhaTaka jAne kI saMbhAvanAeM hotI haiN| lekina hamArI vAyusenA va nausenA ke jAMbAja aisI sthitiyoM meM bhI aMTArkaTikA meM pUrI kuzalatA se kArya karate haiN| " yathArtha meM, "AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hotI hai", yahI tarka ukta dhruva kSetra meM zAkotpAdana, zAkAhAra darzAne vAlI riporTa para lAgU hone yogya hai| zAkAhAra kI AvazyakatA yA mAMsAhAra tyAga kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai ? isa prazna ke prabala uttara kaI binduoM para kendrita haiM, yathA / (1) mAnava kI zArIrika saMracanA mAMsAhAra ke anukUla nhiiN| (2) mAMsAhAra pUrNa AhAra nahIM, jaba ki zAkAhAra pUrNa AhAra hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki mAMsAhArI ko 'zAkAhAra' karanA hI par3atA hai jaba ki zAkAhArI ko 'mAMsAhAra' karanA Avazyaka nhiiN| ( 3 ) mAMsAhAra mAnavocita nahIM tathA mAnava ke sadguNa, mAnavIyatAparaka guNa ke sarvathA pratikUla hai| ( 4 ) mAMsAhAra kaI rogoM, jaghanyatama rogoM kA janaka hai| (5) jina pazu Adi kA mAMsa mAMsAhArI jana khAte haiM, ve pazu prAyaH zAkAhArI hI hote haiM, jo 'zAkAhAra hI meM zakti kA srota hai' tathya ke prabala pramANa haiM / yadyapi vaijJAnikoM ne vikaTatama ThaNDe kara diyA hai, kintu pratIta hotA hai ki abhI hai nahIM, kyoMki yadi vaha janamAnasa to avazya hI apanI zAkAhAra pravRtti evaM mAtra zAkAhArAnukUla zArIrika saMracanAdi ke " 88 - bAvajUda mAMsAhAra meM lipta huA evaM usa liptatA se sarvathA chuTakArA na pA lene vAlA na dikhane meM aataa| yaha kupravRtti nizcita hI ajJAnatAdi evaM jihvA lolupatAdivaza sadiyoM se, yugoM meM dRSTavya huI hai evaM Aja bhI ho rahI hai| 'dayA' kSetroM taka meM zAkAhAra krAnti kA sUtrapAta adhikAMza janamAnasa usa sUtrapAta kA anumodaka 'zAkAhAra' ke samarthana meM sahI arthoM meM hotA samagra janasamudAya ko yaha tathya jAna lenA cAhie ki isa tathAkathita vizvaloka ke samasta dezoM meM, arthAt videzI rASTroM meM, jahAM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana thA aba tejI se zAkAhAra apanAyA jA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja videzoM meM lagAtAra zAkAhArI restarAM, hoTala Adi saba adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM khulate jA rahe haiN| kintu hama bhAratIya logoM meM se pUrvataH adhikAMza zAkAhArI hote hue bhI Aja mAMsAhArI arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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ho gae haiM evaM hote jA rahe haiM, yaha eka atyanta hI viDambanApUrNa evaM cintanIya prasaMga hai| jahAM taka muslima bhAIyoM kA prazna hai, unhIM ke samudAya ke landana masjida ke imAma maulAnA maserI ne apanI pustaka 'islAmika kansarna abAuTa enimalsa' (ISLAMIC CONCERN ABOUT ANIMALS) meM jAnavaroM para hone vAle julmoM para gaharA aphasosa jAhira karate hue, prakArAntara se sadA sarvadA pUrNa zAkAhAra hI kA AhvAna kiyA hai| Aja anekoM muslima bhAI zAkAhArI vidyamAna bhI haiN| pazcimI jagata ke prasiddha nATakakAra jArja barnArDa zaoN mAMsAhAra ke virodha meM spaSTa kahA karate the - 'merA peTa koI krabistAna nahIM, jo isameM murdo arthAt mRta pazuoM ke mAMsAdi ko sthAna ddhuuN| yahAM taka ki bImAra par3a jAne para DAkTaroM dvArA bAra - bAra Agraha kie jAne para bhI unhoMne mAMsAhAra kataI nahIM kiyA aura daivayoga se pUrNa svastha bhI ho ge| anya anekoM prasiddha videzI, jo dRr3ha zAkAhAra - paripAlaka the, meM pramukha hue haiM - gaNitajJa pAithAgorasa, vaijJAnika Aijaka nyUTana, DA. enI biseNTa, vaijJAnika albarTa AinsaTAina, dArzanika TaoNlasTaoNya, sukarAta evaM anya bhI anek| jahAM taka IsAI dharma granthoM meM zAkAhAra AhavAna kA prazna hai, udAharaNa ke lie - bAibila meM sRSTi ke prathama strI - puruSa Adama aura Iva ko 'gaoNDa phAdara' kI ora se nirdeza diyA gayA hai - "dekho, maiMne, tumheM pratyeka paudhA bIja utpanna karane vAlA aura vRkSa phala dene vAlA diyA hai| ye hI tumhAre lie - AhAra hoNge|" apane deza ke vilakSaNa svantratA - saMgrAmI rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI kI zAkAhAra paripAlanA se sabhI bhAratIya paricita haiM, jinakI zAkAhAra - vicAradhArA kI mUla 'ahiMsA - nIti' ne aMgrejoM kI dAsatA se deza ko svatantratA dilavAne meM ahma bhUmikA nibhAI thii| isa vilakSaNa yuddhAstra ahiMsA kI zakti - sAmarthya para Aja vizva ke anekoM manISI zodha kara cuke haiM evaM kara rahe haiN| jaoNrja barnArDa zaoN hI kI bhaoNti, gAMdhIjI kA putra bhI rogagrasta huA evaM DAkTaroM ne usako mAMsAhAra karAe jAne - mAMsAhArI sUpa pilAe jAne kA dRr3ha nirdeza, usakI jIvana - rakSArtha diyA, kintu antaraMga se zAkAhAra kA pAlana karane - karAne meM dRr3ha AsthArata gAMdhIjI ne aisA tanika bhI nahIM kiyA evaM pazcAt apane putra ko daivayogavaza svastha bhI paayaa| dezI-videzI zAkAhAra - paripAlakoM ke ukta paricaya kA bodha karake isa bAta kA sahaja jJAna hotA hai ki zAkAhAra ke aura bhI anekoM lAbha haiM yathA - (1) zAkAhAra buddhi - sadbuddhi upajAyaka, evaM sadbuddhi vRddhiMgata kAraNa hai| (2) zAkAhAra kA dRr3hatA ke sAtha gahana saha sambandha hai evaM yaha sambandha dvi- pakSIya hai arthAta zAkAhArI dRDha hotA hai evaM dRr3ha hI zAkAhArI ho sakatA hai, zAkAhAra kAyaratA lAtA nahIM evaM koI bhI kAyara - jana zAkAhArI yA sacce arthoM meM zAkAhArI ho sakatA nahIM, kyoMki zAkAhAra evaM ahiMsA paripAlanArtha dRDha Atmabala Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| (3) zAkAhAra karttavya - bodha se cyuta kadApi nahIM karatA tathA na hI atyAcAra yA nija adhikAra hanana ko sahate rahane kI zikSA detA hai, apitu yathAsaMbhava ahiMsA dvArA hI nija - adhikAra kA yuddha sikhalAtA hai| ina sabhI evaM pUrva kathita zAkAhAra mahattAoM ke pariprekSya meM Aja AvazyakatA arhat vacana, 14 (4). 2002 89

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hai ki hama zAkAhAra ko buddhipUrvaka binA kisI kutarka ke apanAaiM, svIkAreM evaM adhika se adhika mAMsAhAriyoM ko naitika, mAnavocita, jIvadayA pUrNa evaM nirdoSa AhAra - 'zAkAhAra' apanAne ke lie prerita kareM - karAve, yahI abhISTa hai| kintu abhI sarvatra zAkAhAra saMbhAvanAdi ke sambandha meM, eka mahatvapUrNa spaSTIkaraNa aura anivArya hai| prazna - "TaMDe dezo meM zAkAhAra kaise saMbhava?" ke samAdhAnArtha eka pratiprazna karanA sarvathA .. upayukta rahegA - "dhrava kSetroM ke yA vikaTa ThaMDe dezoM ke loga jina pazuoM kA mAMsa khAte haiM, kyA ve pazu mAMsAhArI hote haiM?'' uttara hogA - 'nhiiN|' puna: prazna uThanA avazyaMbhAvI hai - "phira de pazu kyA khAte haiM, evaM kyA khAkara jIvita rahate hai?" uttara hogA - "mAMsa' yA 'kAI' sadRza eka vnspti|" aisA samAdhAna jAna lene ke pazcAt kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki una vikaTa ThaMDe dezoM/ kSetroM ke mAnava bhI usI kAI Adi ko manuSya ke khAne yogya avazya hI banA sakate haiM aura phira Aja ke vividha kSetrIya zodharata vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna bhI dakSiNI dhrava - kSetra 'maitrI' meM ugAI gaI sabjiyoM, phaloM hI kI bhAMti, atyanta hI tejI se, samaga mAnava - jAti ke lie, zAkAhAra upalabdha karAe jAne kI dizA meM, anya barpha jame kSetra-vAsiyoM ke prati bhI kendrita ho, yahI Aja kI jana kalyANaprada AvazyakatA hai| * pI.DablyU.DI. kvArTara naM.52, samada ror3a, alIgaDha-202001 (u.pra.) prApta - 9.8.2002 kaMpilya siddhakSetra para zAstri pariSada evaM vidvat mahAsaMgha kA saMyukta adhivezana bhagavAna vimalanAtha ke cAra kalyANakoM kI puNya bhUmi para pUjya muni zrI samatAsAgarajI, muni zrI pramANasAgarajI, ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI ke sAnnidhya meM yuvA pratiSThAcArya zrI sanatakumAra vinodakumArajI rajavA~sa vAloM ke AcAryatva meM vividha dhArmika, sAMskRtika AyojanoM ke sAtha paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA sampanna huii| indaura kI paMcakalyANaka nRtyanATikA kI sabhI ne bahuta sarAhanA kii| isa avasara para prA. narendraprakAzajI jaina kI adhyakSatA meM zAstri pariSada evaM DaoN. zekharacanda jaina kI adhyakSatA meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha kI kAryakAriNI kI baiThakeM sampanna huii| dopahara meM DaoN. zekharacanda jaina kI adhyakSatA meM donoM saMsthAoM kA khulA adhivezana sampanna huA, jisameM mahatvapUrNa prastAva pArita hue| jinake bhAva nimnalikhita haiM1. hamAre pujya munivara, zraddheya paMDita varga va saMdhI zrAvakagaNa pUre deza meM jahA~ jisa prakAra kI pUjA paddhati kA calana ho, zrAvaka samAja kI jisa prakAra kI zraddhA ho. use badalane kA upAya yA hastakSepa kara samAja meM vaimanasyatA na bddh'aaye| 2. hamAre pUjya sAdhu bhagavaMta kisI eka AcArya dvArA sthApita kisI bhI mUrti yA anya sthAyI mahatvapUrNa kAryoM kI TIkA TippaNI karake unheM dUra karAne kA prayatna kara samAja meM bhedabhAva utpanna na kreN| 3. donoM saMsthAe~ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDalapura (nAlandA) hI mAnatI hai| aisA spaSTa prastAva sarvAnamati se kAryakAriNI evaM sAmAnya sabhA meM pArita kiyA gyaa| paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA ko sundara rUpa se sampanna karAne meM paM. zivacaranalAla jaina mainapurI, DaoN. zrI suzIlakumAra mainapurI kA vizeSa sahayoga rhaa| kapilyajI meM eka bhI jaina kA ghara na hone ke bAvajUda itanA sundara kArya ho sakA yaha bhI eka atizaya hai| 90 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002

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TippaNI - 3 1 arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) kRSi, pazu, jana svAsthya ke liye eka cetanA pradAyI kriyA agnihotra kriyA -manmatha pATanI* isa TippaNI ke lekhaka zrI manmatha pATanI presTIja grupa oNpha kampanIja ke vAisa presiDeTa hai, sAtha hI Food Technology meM M.Sc. karane ke sAtha hI U.S.A, se Low Cost Higher Nutrition Foods meM DiplomA prApta hai| ucca guNavattA ke sAtha padArthoM ke nirmANa kA Apako dIrghakAlika vyAvasAdhika anubhava hai| maMtra zakti se hama saba paricita haiN| jaina dharma meM maMtroM kA vizeSa mahatva hai| maMtra zakti se sirpha manuSya hI nahIM, pazu aura kRSi para bhI asara hotA hai aura isakA vizeSa udAharaNa hai 'agnihotra prkriyaa| kyA Aja binA rAsAyanika khAda, binA jaivika khAda, binA kITanAzaka davAIyoM ke bharapUra khetI kI phasala prApta kI jA sakatI hai? kyA binA kisI prakAra kI davAIyoM ke dIrgha sthAI, purAnA asthamA roga ThIka ho sakatA hai? kyA jyAdA unmAdI gAya, bhaiMsa ityAdi jAnavara ThIka kiye jA sakate hai? jI hA~, yaha saba saMbhava hai - kRSi, pazu, jana svAsthya sabhI ke liye cetanA padAyI upayogI diyA pratidina agnihotra kA karane se| AsTreliyA se AI zrImatI esa se maiMne chA ki Apane agnihotra ko kaise apanAyA? zrImatI ena ne batAyA ki unake pati zrI braza ko bayAna se sasyamA thA aura yaha asthamA khatma hone kA nAma hI nahIM le rahA thaa| duniyA bhara ke ilAja karavA cuke zrI braza ne agnihotra ke bAre meM sunA aura agale dina se amihotra ke samakSa baiThanA zurU kiyaa| unhone pAyA ki kucha dinoM meM hI unakA asthamA kSINa hotA calA gayA aura tIna mAha kI avadhi meM bilkula hI samApta ho gyaa| zrI buza aba ekadama svastha hokara jIvana kA AnaMda le rahe hai| aba ve sabakucha chor3akara agnihotra ke liye pUrNata: samarpita haiM aura unhoMne apanA pUrA jIvana agnihotra ke svayaMsevaka ke rUpa meM de diyA hai| pahale to mujhe svayaM vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA thaa| socA calo eka prayoga karane meM kyA nukasAna hai| gata varSa soyAbIna kI phasala para devAsa va mahU sthita presTIja grupa ke phArma para prayoga kiyA aura pAyA ki binA kisI taraha kI rAsAyanika khAda ke, kITanAzaka davAIyoM ke yA kisI bhI taraha ke jaivika khAda ke upayoga ke sAyAbIna kI phasala ausata paidAvAra se DeDha gunI huii| vizva meM isa taraha ke prayoga I sthAnoM para kiye gaye hai| vibhinna dezoM kI sarakAroM se, vizeSajJoM se prAmANikatA siddha huI hai| vizva paryAvaraNa ko sudhArane kA kAma, vizva meM zAti lAne kA kArya aura vizva meM ahiMsaka khetI kA kArya prArabha haA hai| bhArata meM bhI ye prayoga kaI sthAnoM para kiye jA rahe hai| Aiye ! jAne, agnihotra kyA hai? yajJa zAstra - prakRti meM vidyamAna vividha caka Ujo sAla cakra, Rtu cakra, jIvana cakra sRSTi ke niyamAnusAra kArya karatI haiM, isIliye // 2 // vizva meM vyavasthA banI huI 91 paIta vAna 14tai 2002

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hai| UrjA na to nirmita kI jA sakatI hai, na hI naSTa kevala vividha staroM para usake svarUpa aura sthiti meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| use AkAra, gati evaM dizA dI jA sakatI hai| vibhinna UrjAoM ke santulIkaraNa, saMgatikaraNa evaM kendrIkaraNa ke dvArA jIva sRSTi meM nava cetanA pradAna karane kI vaijJAnika prakriyA ko yajJa zAstra kahA jAtA hai| bhinna bhinna pariNAmoM ko prApta karane hetu bhinna bhinna yajJoM kI yojanA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha prANa zakti ko prabhAvita kara ati sUkSma stara para aNuoM kI antaH racanAoM para suprabhAva DAlane vAlA zAstra hai| pradUSaNa eka saMkaTa ajJAnavaza manuSya prakRti ke UrjAkSeitra meM hastakSepa evaM uthala-puthala karatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa prakRticakra asta vyasta ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa jIva sRSTi kA vinAza hotA hai| pradUSaNa aisI hI eka mAnavanirmita samasyA hai pradUSaNa ke kAraNa jIva sRSTi kI AdhArabhUta caitanyadAyI prANamayI UrjA kSINa hone lagI hai, phalasvarUpa jIva sRSTi meM durbalatA Ane lagI hai| - padArthoM ke aNuoM kI antaH racanA sthita zakti kSetra durbala hone ke kAraNa aNu meM sthita gatimAna ilekTraoNna aNu garbha kI kakSA ke zakti kSetra se bAhara nikalakara anya aNuoM kI vyavasthA meM tatkAla praveza karate haiM phalasvarUpa ina aNuoM kA mUla svarUpa bilakula badala jAtA hai isa prakriyA meM eka bahuta bar3I vidhvaMsaka UrjA utsarjita hotI hai tathA idhara udhara prakSepita hotI hai jisakA viparIta pariNAma jIva sRSTi ke vinAza kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| - pradUSaNa ke kAraNa manuSya kA zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAstha kharAba hotA hai, vanaspati, sUkSmajIva evaM prANI va pakSiyoM kA jIvana saMkaTa meM A jAtA hai bhUkaMpa, jvAlAmukhI prasphuTita honA, ativRSTi, akAla, bAr3ha, saMsargajanya roga yA naI naI prANaghAtaka bImAriyoM kA tejI se phailanA, manovikAroM kI prabalatA bar3hane se aparAdhI manovRtti ko bar3hAvA milanA, madya evaM mAdaka padArthoM ke prati AkarSaNa honA, azAnti tathA kalaha kA bar3hanA Adi duSpariNAma pradUSaNa ke kAraNa hI cAroM ora dikhAI de rahe haiM pRthvI loka para mAnava Aja saMkaTa kAla se gujara rahA hai mAnava vaMza samUla naSTa hone jaisI sthiti nirmita ho rahI hai| agnihotra kA prayoga kaise kareM ? pirAmiDa ke AkAra ke tAmra pAtra meM gAya-baila (govaMza) ke gobara ke bane kaNDoM meM agni prajjavalita kara sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke samaya cuTakIbhara akhaMDita cAvala ko thoDA sA gAya ke dUdha se banA zuddha ghI lagAkara usa mizraNa ko dAhine hAtha kA agUMThA, bIca vAlI aMgulI (madhyamA) evaM anAmikA se pakaDakara (mRgamudrA ) hRdaya ke pAsa sthita anAhata cakra ke nikaTa le jAkara viziSTa maMtroccAra ke sAtha dhu~A rahita prajjavalita agni meM maMtra ke 'svAhA' zabda ke uccAra ke sAtha sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke samaya samarpita kreN| maMtroM ke bAre meM lekhaka se samparka kara sakate haiN| sampUrNa varSa kA sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta kA samaya gA~va ke akSAMza rekhAMza ke AdhAra para jJAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| agnihotra kA pariNAma prajjavalita agni meM caoNvala, ghI tathA maMtra kA mizraNa tatkAla atisUkSma UrjA meM parivartita ho jAtA hai pariNAma svarUpa tAmrapAtra ke AsapAsa vidyuta cumbaka ke samAna AkarSaNa kSetra kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai jisake phalasvarUpa prANamaya zakti gatizIla hokara 18 kilomITara kI U~cAI para sthita saura maNDala kI ora bar3hane lagatI hai| UrjA ke isa pracaNDa tUphAna kA zora itanA prabala hotA hai ki isakA manuSya ke mana 92 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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para tatkAla prabhAva hokara mana zAnti anubhava karane lagatA hai| prANamayI zakti evaM mana mAnoM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU ke samAna hone se mAnavI vikAroM kA kuprabhAva kama hone lagatA hai aura mana zanai: zanai: zAnta evaM premamaya banane lagatA hai| __isa kalyANakArI vAtAvaraNa se zarIra evaM mana para hone vAle iSTa pariNAma prApti hetu hameM cAhiye ki hama agnihotra samApti ke pazcAt tAmrapAtra ke nikaTa adhika se adhika samaya taka baiThe rheN| tvacA ke lakSAvadhi randhroM (chidroM) se yaha UrjA zarIra kI asaMkhya nAr3iyoM kA zuddhikaraNa karate - karate zarIra meM sthita dasa cakroM taka pahu~catI hai tathA zarIra kI vividha vyavasthAoM (Systems) meM vyApta asantulana evaM avyavasthA ko dhIre - dhIre samApta karane lagatI hai, sAtha hI vAyumaNDala kA saMtulana bhI ThIka ho jAtA hai| dhAraNA evaM mauna kI prakriyA isase lAbhAnvita hone se hama dhyAnAvasthA kI ora agrasara hone lagate haiN| 200 mITara kI paridhi meM sthita vanaspati kI sakSma kAyA isa UrjA ko grahaNa karane hetu kSaNamAtra meM agnikuNDa kI ora Age bar3hatI hai| pAlat prANI, pakSI bhI isa divya kSaNa kI AturatA se pratIkSA karate haiM evaM svAsthya ke liye hAnikAraka jIvANu, rogANu vahA~ se palAyana kara jAte haiN| prANamaya UrjA, zvasana saMsthA, raktAbhisaraNa saMsthA, pAcana saMsthA, majjA saMsthA, prajotpAdana saMsthA, nADI vyavasthA kI sUkSma saMracanA Adi ko caitanyamaya, puSTa evaM niroga banAtI hai| isake kAraNa majjara peziyoM ke navInIkaraNa kI prakiyA va haDDI, mA~sa, khuna Adi peziyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| agnihotra vAtAvaraNa meM vanaspatiyoM ko jIvanadAna milatA hai, gamaloM meM lage paudhoM kA acchA vikAsa hotA hai aisA anubhava hai| isI kAraNa se dezI, videzI kRSaka apanI khetI ko samRddha banAne hetu agnihotra prakriyA kI ora AkRSTa ho rahe haiN| agnihotra vAtAvaraNa meM boyI gaI sAga - sabjiyA~ sevana karane se aneka rogoM kA nivAraNa hone lagatA hai| agnihotra prakriyA ke sAtha agnihotra bhasma kA bhI roga nAza karane, miTTI kA kasa bar3hAne tathA kamposTa khAda kI prakriyA ko prabhAvI banAne meM upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| kapar3e se chane agnihotra bhasma ke agnihotra ke samaya gAya ke ghI ke sAtha cuTakI bhara mAtrA meM sevana karane se aneka bImAriyA~ dUra ho jAtI haiN| gAya ke ghI meM bhasma milAkara banAye gaye malhama kA upayoga tvacA roga nivAraNa kA prabhAvI ilAja hai| pazcimI vaijJAnikoM kA anumAna hai ki agnihotra ke yaha anAkalanIya pariNAma spandAtmaka pratidhvani (rejhonsa) ke siddhAntoM ke kAraNa hote haiN| agnihotra bharama ke sUkSmakaNoM se nirantara zaktizAlI UrjA nirantara utsarjita hotI rahatI hai| sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke samaya bhasmakaNoM meM sthita UrjA bAra - bAra kRti pravaNa (ekTiveTa) hote rahane se bhasma kI pariNAmakArakatA cirantana banI rahatI hai| agnihotra ke praNetA zrI basaMta parAMjape jI ko vizvAsa hai ki agnihotra hI ekamAtra rAstA hai jisase vizva ahiMsaka khetI kI ora agrasara hogA aura vizva kA paryAvaraNa ThIka kiyA jA sakegA aura isase vizvazAMti lAI jA sakatI hai, vizva ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai| isa Andolana meM bhArata vizva kA pratinidhitva kregaa| * 'manakamala', 104, nemInagara, indaura - 452009 (zrI parAMjape kundakunda jJAnapITha meM carcA hetu padhAre the, unake Agamana ke samaya ke citra kavara - 3 para dRSTavya hai| -sampAdaka) prApta - 25.09.2002 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 93

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TippaNI-4 / arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura) bhAratIya ahiMsA mahAsaMgha kI eka mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi naI mAMsa yojanA asvIkRta - DaoN. ciraMjIlAla bagar3A* dasavIM paMcavarSIya yojanA apanI taiyArI ke aMtima caraNa meM hai| AgAmI pA~ca varSoM taka deza kI mAMsa nIti banAne ke liye yojanA Ayoga dvArA banAI eka 6 sadasyIya upasamiti meM allAnA samUha ke cearamena zrI iraphAna allAnA (adhyakSa), zrI satIza sAbaravAla (alakabIra ke mAlika), tIna sarakArI pratinidhi tathA maiM, isa prakAra cha: sadasya the| isa samiti meM bAkI pA~ca sadasya ekamata the, ekamAtra maiMne bayAlIsa pRSThIya apanA likhita prativAda aneka dastAvejoM evaM pustakoM ko saMlagna karake prastuta kiyA thaa| mukhya kAryasamiti ke adhyakSa DaoN. pI. ena. bhaTTa ne yojanA Ayoga upAdhyakSa ko gata 25 janavarI 2002 ko 174 pRSTha kI apanI aMtima riporTa prastuta kI, jisameM mere prativAda kA tIna pRSThIya mukhya patra (pRSTha 172 - 174) yathAvata saMlagna hai| jJAta rahe DaoN. bhaTTa varlDa baphelo TrasTa ke adhyakSa haiM tathA unakA mAMsa evaM mAMsa niryAta se sIdhA vyaktigata rUjhAna hai| unake khilApha aneka Arthika aniyamitatAoM ke kesa bhI sarakAra ke vicArAdhIna haiM tathA unakI jAMca cala rahI hai| ukta upasamiti ne karor3oM rupayoM ke viniyojana se pUre deza meM, gA~va - gA~va meM bUcar3akhAnoM kA jAla bichA dene kI siphAriza kI thii| jinameM pramukha sujhAva the - 50 nirmANAdhIna bUcar3akhAnoM ko zIghra pUrA karanA, 10 mahAnagaroM meM, 50 bar3e zaharoM meM, 500 madhyama zaharoM meM tathA 1000 grAmINa ilAkoM meM naye bUcar3akhAne banAnA, sAtha hI 50 zaharoM meM suara mArane vAle katlakhAne kholanA tathA 1000 cikana DresiMga kendra kholanA, ..... Adi aadi| isake alAvA bhI mAsa udyoga ko protsAhana dene vAle aneka sujhAva diye gaye the| sukhada hai ki hamAre aneka apratyakSa dabAvoM evaM deza ke aneka sakriya vyaktiyoM, saMsthAoM evaM sAdhu-saMtoM ke prabala virodha ke calate tathA mere likhita prativAda ko hI pramukha AdhAra banAkara yojanA Ayoga ne ukta upasamiti ke prastAvoM kA punarmUlyAMkana karanA svIkAra kiyA tathA antata: unhoMne naye bucaDakhAnoM ke nirmANa kI samasta prastAvita yojanAoM ko asvIkRta kara diyaa| tIvra virodha ko dekhate hue yojanA Ayoga ne adhikRta sUcanA jArI kara isakI puSTi bhI kI hai jisameM spaSTa ghoSaNA kI hai ki - 'ukta riporTa meM sadasyoM kI vyaktigata pakSa - vipakSa meM rAya ko dekhate hue mAMsa upasamiti kI siphArizoM ko yojanA Ayoga amAnya ghoSita karatI hai|' yaha ahiMsA kI saMgaThita zakti kI eka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika upalabdhi hai| * sampAdaka-dizA bodha, 46, sTrANDa ror3a, tIna tallA, kolakAtA - 700007 94 arhat vacana, 14 (4). 2002

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arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, brahmANDa AzcaryoM se bharA par3A hai| pratidina koI na koI Azcarya ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| inameM kaI vismayakArI Azcarya haiM, jinake bAre meM khoja satat jArI haiM, parantu abhI bhI kaha nahIM sakate haiM ki vaha kyA hai? kaise ghaTita ho jAtA hai ? kauna karatA hai ? kyA brahmANDa meM kisI anya zakti kA astitva hai? kyA kisI rimoTa paddhati dvArA koI anya vyakti anya graha se pRthvI para apanI pahacAna batAnA cAhatA hai? aise rahasyamayI AzcaryoM meM se eka hai 'krApa sarkalsa' phasaloM para banAI jAne vAlI Azcaryajanaka AkRtiyA~ / Aiye dekheM Akhira ye krApa sarkalsa haiM kyA ? TippaNI-5 vismayakArI, rahasyamayI krApa sarkalsa 0 manmatha pATanI * * pahale hama samajheM ki krApa sarkala phasala cakra nahIM haiN| isakA hindI nAmAntaraNa honA bAkI hai| itanI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA kA nAma bhI thor3A bar3A aura AzcaryakArI honA caahiye| mujhe laga rahA hai ki krApa sarkala isa ghaTanA ke liye bahuta choTA nAma hai, saMkIrNa nAma hai saMdhyA samaya pUrA kSetra pUrA kheta pUrA gehU~ kA kheta zAMta dikhAI de rahA hai| kahIM koI halacala nhiiN| sabere sabere, subaha kI sUrya kiraNa ke sAtha punaH kheta kA avalokana karane para - are yaha kyA huA? pUre kheta ke eka bar3e hisse meM kucha paudhe Adhe jhuke Azcarya! hue, kucha pUre jhuke hue, kucha bAyIM ora jhuke hue kucha dAyIM ora jhuke hue Upara se helIkApTara se dekhane para A~kheM khulI kI khulI raha gii| yaha kyA? rekhA gaNita kI koI AkRti dikhAI de rahI hai| pUrI AkRti gola cakkaroM se yaha hai krApa sarkalsa / vilTa sAyara (yU.ke.) krApa sarkala sTaDI grupa ke anusAra isa bAta meM zaMkA kI koI guMjAIza nahIM raha gaI hai ki krApa sarkalsa sahI meM banate haiN| aba unheM pRthvI para dekhA jA sakatA hai, nApA jA sakatA hai, usakA sempala liyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAra jamIna para kheta meM phasala para AkRti banane ke bAda kaI saptAha taka phasala para yaha AkRti banI rahatI hai, jaba taka ki kisAna apanI yaha phasala kATa nahIM letA hai| isa taraha isakA adhyayana karane kA pUrA maukA va samaya mila jAtA hai| pichale bIsa varSoM meM pUrI duniyA se prApta khabaroM se hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM isa taraha krApa sarkalsa banane ko rikArDa kiyA gayA hai| vaijJAnika kArya pragati para hai aura anusaMdhAna batAte hai ki jina sthAna para krApa sarkalsa banate haiM, vahA~ kI jamIna anya sthAna kI jamIna se alaga guNa dharma yukta ho jAtI hai aura paudhe bhI apanA alaga raMga dikhAte haiN| aura to aura, isa sthAna para usake Upara ilekTrAnika yaMtra jaise viDiyo kaimarA, viDiyo rikAIsa, anya sAunDa ikvIpamenTsa kampAsa ityAdi apanA kAma sahI DhaMga se karane ke bajAya kucha alaga / galata DhaMga se karane lagate haiN| arhat vacana, 14 (4) 2002 yaha to nirmita / prati varSa 200 se 250 isa taraha ke phArmezansa riporTa kiye jA raheM haiN| duniyA ke anya hissoM ke bajAya iMglaiNDa meM adhika dikhAI diye haiN| vilTa sAyara, usake AsapAsa kA kSetra, purAne sthAna evIvarI ke patthara vAle mandira va usake AsapAsa kA kSetra jyAdA sakriya va jyAdA tIvra hai| krApa sarkalsa rekhAgaNitIya AkAra meM phasaloM para dUsarI vanaspati para aura kabhI kabhI 95

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reta, patthara kI bajarI, sAdI jamIna aura kabhI-kabhI barpha ke Upara bhI presa kiye hae milate haiN| ye choTe se lekara bar3e AkAra meM aura bahuta bar3e AkAra se chaha iMca vyAsa taka bhI mile haiN| abhI taka prApta sabase bar3A phArmezana eka mIla lambA, kaI AkAra ke cakroM ke sAtha, 409 cakroM vAlA, 787 phITa vyAsa ke sAtha san 2000 meM vilTa sAyara ke milka hilsa meM pAyA gayA thaa| ye ausatana eka phuTabAla maica ke maidAna ke barAbara hote haiN| aisA lagatA hai jaise bahuta dhIre se paudhoM ko kisI ne dabAkara kaI sundara aura sUkSma evaM arthapUrNa AkRtiyA~ jamIna para banAI haiN| khAsa bAta yaha hai ki paudhe naSTa nahIM hote haiM, samaya ke sAtha bar3hate haiM aura phasala pakatI bhI hai| krApa sarkala sirpha sAdhAraNa nizAna hI nahIM haiM, rekhAgaNita kI bahuta bArIkI se banAI gaI AkRtiyA~, gaNita kI uccastarIya pahelI kA citra yA purAnI cIjoM se milatI-julatI nizAnoM se banI huI yA kabhI tInoM se milatI-julatI AkRtiyA~ haiN| kaI riporTas batAtI haiM ki krApa sarkalsa pUrI zatAbdI se hamAre sAtha haiN| parantu pichale bIsa varSoM se lagAtAra hamAre khetoM meM eka phArmezana se dUsare phArmezana para hara bAra adhika arthapUrNa AkRtiyoM ke sAtha, kaThinatama gaNitIya AkRtiyoM ke sAtha prastuta hue haiN| ye sAMketika to haiM hI, kyoMki yaha eka aMtaraMga artha rakhate haiM aura purAne saMketoM kI taraha kaI taraha se, kaI bahurUpatA ke sAtha, bahuta arthapUrNa to hote haiM, kaI stara para, kaI taraha se, kaI taraha ke logoM ne isa arthapUrNa bhASA ko samajhane kI koziza kI hai| . krApa sarkala kA kaI varSoM se, kaI udAharaNoM ke sAtha aMtahIna silasilA jArI hai aura usakA aMta bhI nahIM dikhatA hai| vismayakArI gahanatA aura gahana hotI jA rahI hai| brahmANDa apane Azcarya dina-pratidina dikhAte jA rahA hai aura hama baune sAbita ho rahe haiN| ina rahasyoM ke samAdhAna meM yaha tathya dRSTi meM rakhanA upayogI hogA ki 22.7.2000 ko vilTasAyara (iMglaiMDa) meM bane krApa sarkala kA dRzya jainAgamAnusAra vartamAna jJAta pRthvI jambUdvIpa ke antargata bharata kSetra ke eka bhAga AryakhaMDa meM samAhita hai evaM na kevala isa jambUdvIpa apitu ghAtakIkhaMDa dvIpa meM bhI aneka utkRSTa sabhyatAoM, jIva rAziyoM kI vidyamAnatA hai| videha kSetra Adi bhI inhIM dvIpoM meM samAhita haiN| kyA yaha una sabhyatAoM ke viziSTajanoM kI vaijJAnika gatividhiyoM kA pariNAma to nahIM? yaha vicAraNIya hai| * vAisa presiDenTa - presTIja grupa oNpha iMDasTrIja 'manakamala', 104, nemInagara, indaura - 452 009 prApta - 25.09.2002 96 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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TippaNI -6 arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura azoka stambha kI saMracanA meM jainadharma kA prabhAva - DaoN. zItalakumAra evaM DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina * bhArata varSa ke uttarapradeza prAnta meM gaMgA nadI ke taTa para sthita vArANasI zahara vizva ke prAcInatama nagaroM meM se eka hai| yaha vizva ke tIna dharmo - hinda, jaina evaM bauddha sabhI ke liye mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke liye vArANasI zahara eka vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai, kyoMki jaina dharma ke 24 meM se 4 tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha janmabhUmi hai - sAtaveM zrI supArzvanAthajI, AThaveM zrI candraprabhujI, gyArahaveM zrI zreyAMsanAthajI evaM teisaveM zrI paarshvnaathjii| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aitihAsika puruSa the| unakA janma vArANasI zahara meM IsA se 877 varSa pUrva meM huA thaa| vArANasI zahara ke bhelUpura nAmaka sthAna para pArzvanAthajI kA eka bhavya mandira hai evaM yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke liye eka dharmazAlA hai| bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM ke liye sAranAtha isaliye mahatvapUrNa hai ki 2500 varSa pUrva mahAtmA buddha ne yahA~ para apanA prathama upadeza diyA thaa| lekina gyArahaveM tIrthakara zrI zreyAMsanAtha kA janma sAranAtha meM usase bhI hajAroM varSa pUrva huA thaa| vahA~ para bhagavAna zreyAMsanAtha kA eka bhavya mandira evaM dharmazAlA hai| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 97

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sAranAtha purAtatva anveSakoM ke liye eka mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| sAranAtha meM purAtatva kI dRSTi se kAphI khudAI huI hai| usa khudAI meM purAtatva sambandhI milI purAnI vastuoM evaM mUrtiyoM ko surakSita rakhane ke liye san 1920 meM eka purAtatva saMgrahAlaya kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| yaha bhArata sarakAra ke purAtatva vibhAga ke niyatraNa meM hai| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya sAranAtha meM sthita jaina dharmazAlA ke parisara se saTA haA hai| azoka stambha purAtatva saMgrahAlaya kA sabase mahatvapUrNa AkarSaNa hai| yaha bhArata deza kA rASTrIya cinha hai evaM bhArata ke sabhI noToM para mudrita hai| azoka stambha meM cAroM dizAoM meM mukha kiye hue cAra zera haiN| yaha sarvavidita hai ki azoka staMbha ko samrATa azoka ne banavAyA thaa| lekina bahuta kama loga jAnate hoMge ki azoka staMbha ke svarUpa meM jainadharma kI viziSTa chApa hai| azoka staMbha ke cAra cakra haiN| pratyeka cakra meM 24 tIliyA~ haiN| azoka ne 24 tIliyoM ko 24 jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke pratIka ke rUpa meM banavAyA thaa| isa vizvAsa kA eka Thosa AdhAra hai| candragupta maurya ne bhArata ko yUnAniyoM se mukta kara deza meM prathama gauravazAlI sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| usane apane jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM jainadharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| azoka candragupta kA pautra thaa| vaha jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM jaina thA evaM tabhI usane azoka staMbha kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| Ama janatA yaha samajhatI hai ki azoka cakra kI 24 tIliyA~ 24 ghaMTe kA pratIka haiN| bhArata kI purAnI samaya gaNanA paddhati 1 divasa (dina + rAta) = 60 ghar3I evaM 1 ghaDI = 60 pala para AdhArita thii| isa samaya - gaNanA - paddhati kA prayoga bhAratIya paMcAMga meM kiyA gayA hai| azoka staMbha meM cAra pazuoM - baila, hAthI, ghor3A evaM zera kI chabiyA~ aMkita hai| ye azoka staMbha kI cAra dizAoM meM bane hue haiN| hara eka pazu chabi ke bIca meM eka cakra hai| yaha isa bAta ko darzAtA hai ki hara eka cakra kA 24 tIliyoM se sambandha hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra ye cAra pazu cAra tIrthakaroM ke cinha haiM - krama tIrthaMkara cinha siMha prathama zrI RSabhadevajI baila dvitIya zrI ajitanAthajI hAthI tRtIya zrI saMbhavanAthajI ghor3A caubIsaveM zrI mahAvIra svAmIjI cakra meM caubIsI tIliyA~ aura cAra pazuoM kI aMkita chabi jainadharma ke prabhAva ko spaSTa rUpa se darzAtI haiN| azoka staMbha ke UparI hisse meM cAroM dizAoM meM mukha kiye hae cAra zera hai jo caubIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cinha haiM evaM mahAvIra ke zAnti saMdeza ko cAroM dizAoM meM phailAte haiN| uparokta lekha yaha darzAtA hai ki samrATa azoka dvArA banAye gaye azoka staMbha kI saMracanA meM jaina dharma kA viziSTa prabhAva hai| prApta :09.04.02 * 81 - e, javAharanagara kAlonI, bhelUpura, vArANasI (u.pra.) 98 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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TippaNI- 7 arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura saMgrahAlayoM meM jaina pratIkoM kI bhrAmaka prastutiyA~ 0 DaoN. sneharAnI jaina saMgrahAlayoM meM prastuta sAmagrI kI vivecanA / paricaya, vizeSa vidvAnoM se vicAra vimarza aura AdhAra sAkSya ko dekhakara hI kI jAtI hai| kucha samaya pUrva mujhe pAMDicerI kA saMgrahAlaya dekhane kA maukA milaa| merA abhiyAna pANDulipiyoM kI khoja thA / phalasvarUpa maiM vahA~ aravinda Azrama ke samIpa sthita phraiMca lAyabrerI meM prAcIna sAhitya ko khojane pahu~cI / pANDulipiyoM vAle sekzana meM dekhane se aisA saMketa milA ki yUropa sthita pustakAlayoM meM vahA~ ke vidvAnoM ke kAryoM meM jhA~kakara hI kucha sahI jAnakArI milegii| eka dina vahIM pIche sthita purAtatvIya saMgrahAlaya ko dekhane ke liye maiM nIce calI gii| mere Azcarya kA ThikAnA nahIM thA / dvAra para eka anAma stUpa khar3A thA jisake bAre meM pUchane para vahA~ tainAta mahilA ne use 'zivaliMga' btlaayaa| maiMne jaba AdhAra pUchA to vaha spaSTIkaraNa nahIM de skii| maiMne usase Agraha kiyA ki vaha zivaliMga nahIM jaina stUpa hai| mAtra kucheka dina pahale use utkhanana dvArA pAMDicerI se lagabhaga 22 kilomITara dUra pazcima sthita tribhuvanI se prApta karake lAyA gayA hai| isameM nIce catuSkoNIya AdhAra hai jo saMsAra kI 4 gatiyoM ko spaSTa darzAtA hai! ina 4 gatiyoM se Upara aSTa karma darzAye gaye haiN| ye usI patthara se banA bIca kA bhAga hai| zIrSa para aSTa karmoM se mukta huI 'puruSa AtmA' kA eka khaMba darzAyA gayA hai jo liMga ke AkAra se bhinna hai| vAstava meM AtmA to adRSTa hai| siddhatva meM dAkhilA lete hI yaha mukti kA eka mArga batalAtI hai| vaha mArga hai aSTa karmoM kI nirjarA jo tapa kara tIrthaMkara karate haiN| zivaliMga kI sthiti eka yoni kuNDa para darzAyI jAtI hai jo yahA~ nadArada hai| ataH yaha jaina stUpa hI hai| kadAcita zivaliMga kI kalpanA jaina stUpoM ko dekhakara hI huI hai| isameM zIrSa kI samAnatA jiMtUra jinamandira meM rakhI caturmukhI stUpa se mela khAtI hai| prAMgaNa meM vahIM pAsa meM baiThI do ardhapadmAsita mAnava mudrAe~ haiM jo kAyotsarga darzAtI haiN| donoM ke zIrSa gAyaba haiN| mAtra zIrSa rahita hokara bhI ardha padmAsita mudrAe~ ucita tapa ko samarthana detI haiN| eka ke pIce kamalAsana rakhA hai| aisI pratIta hotA hai ki ye mudrAaiM usa prAcIna kAla meM kSullakoM kI hI rahI haiM jinake zIrSa kAlAntara meM toDa diye gaye haiN| gautama buddha athavA unake ziSyoM kI ye pratIta nahIM hotI kyoMki buddha kI dhyAna mudrA na kI salavaTeM unake gAtra ko bhinna prakAra se DhaMkatI hai| ke paTa se mela khAtI haiN| ataH inheM bhI bauddha mudrA batalAnA bhrAmaka hai vizeSa kara saMgrahAlayoM dvArA / pANDicerI meM neminAtha kAla meM jaina dharma rahA, jJAta hotA hai| bAda meM pArzvanAtha kAla meM bhI yaha rahA / bauddha prabhAvanA kA saMketa saMbhava ho sakatA hai kintu uparokta bimba jainatva darzAte haiN| kevala bhinna hai, unakI cAdara jabaki ye donoM mudrAe~ kSullakoM pANDicerI ke samIpa hI oTI ke prAcIna mandira para nirmita eka nayA jaina mandira hai| jisameM AdinAtha bhagavAna kI eka pASANa mudrA lepita khar3I hai| vahIM se lagabhaga 3 ki.mI. dUra eka dUsare jaina mandira meM pItala kI bhavya jinamudrAe~ haiN| ye donoM mandira ati prAcIna mAne jAte haiM / yUropa kI yAtrA ke daurAna myUnica ke pholkara kuMDe myUjiyama meM bhI isa prakAra gayA paTanA se prApta eka jaina stUpa ko bauddha stUpa darzAyA gayA hai| bauddha stUpoM kI vizeSatA arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 99

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hai ki ve samAdhi sthala ke pratIka hote haiM aura kabhI - kabhI unake andara bauddha bhikSuoM kI avazeSa asthiyA~/rAkha Adi ho sakate haiM yA ki kabhI - kabhI pANDulipiyA~ bhii| jaina stUpa samAdhi sthAna nahIM pUjA ke mandira hote haiN| inameM pUjya saMketa rahate haiN| amarAvatI ke jaina stUpa (jise bauddha stUpa batalAyA jAtA hai) meM mAlyadhara ora mandira spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| myUnica ke isa stUpa ko tIna bhAgoM meM alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai aura vaha calita mandira kI prastuti karatA hai| Upara kA zIrSa madhya ke caturmukhI kI kuMDI meM sthita ho jAtA hai aura vaha caturmukha nIce kI caturmukhI meM sthita ho jAtA hai kintu avazeSa, asthiyA~ Adi rakhane yogya usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai| nIce ke caturmukha meM cAroM dizAoM meM cAra tIrthakara padmAsita haiN| sabhI (nagna) digambara mudrAe~ haiM ata: bauddha stUpa hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ThIka usI prakAra jaisA ki azoka stambha zIrSa (sAranAtha) ko jaina kI jagaha bauddha darzAyA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki usake cakra aura cAra pazu sAmAnya pazu nahIM tIrthakaroM ke saMketa haiN| ucita hogA ki saMgrahAlayoM ke saMrakSaka sahI - sahI jAnakArI darzakoM ko dekara hamAre purAtatvIya vaibhava ko sahI prastuta kreN| * C/o. malaiyA TrekTarsa sTezana ror3a, sAgara nidezaka maMDala (zodha samiti) - san 2001 - 2002 adhyakSa saciva pro. e.e. abbAsI DaoN. anupama jaina pUrva kulapati, sa. prAdhyApaka - gaNita, bI-417, sudAmA nagara, zA. holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura - 452009 'jJAna chAyA', DI - 14, sudAmA nagara, phona 0731 - 2482894 indaura-452009 phona : 0731 - (ni.) 2787790 (kA.) 2545421 sadasya 1. pro. Ara. Ara. nAMdagAMvakara 3. pro. surezacandra agravAla pUrva kulapati, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa - gaNita, candradIpa apArTamenTa, nikAlasa mandira, itavArI, e-2, caudharI caraNasiMha vi. vi. parisara, nAgapura - 440002 meraTha - 250 404 (u.pra.) phona: 0712-2763186 phona : 0121-2762526 2. pro. nalina ke. zAstrI DaoN. ena.pI. jaina kulasaciva - bAbAsAheba bhImarAva ambeDakara pUrva rAjadUta, kendrIya vizvavidyAlaya, rAyabarelI ror3a, I-50, sAketa, lakhanaU (u.pra.) indaura-452001 phona : 0522-2440822 phona : 0731-2561273 5. DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina 91/1, galI naM. 3, tilakanagara, indaura - 452001 phona : 0731-2490619 100 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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arha kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura jaina darzana evaM vijJAna jIvana kyA hai? What is Life? vibhinna jaina AmnAyoM ke sAdhuoM evaM vidvAnoM se 'jIvana kyA hai?' pustaka' ko lekara kAphI mahatvapUrNa carcAyeM huI tathA mahatvapUrNa jijJAsAe~ evaM zaMkAe~ sAmane upasthita huii| kucha kA kahanA thA ki baikTeriyA ko trasa mAnanA cAhiye to kucha kA kahanA thA ki baikTeriyA, vAyarasa aura kozikAe~ jIva hI nahIM haiN| kucha anya kA kahanA thA ki baikTeriyA ko vanaspati varga meM rakhanA cAhiye dahI ke baikTeriyA ko lekara bhI carcAyeM huI ina sabakA kramaza: yahA~ ullekha karanA ucita rhegaa| 1. zaMkA baikTeriyA ko usa mAnanA cAhiye sthAvara nahIM kyoMki inheM jala meM gamana karate hue dekhA jA sakatA hai| TippaNI 8 - 'jIvana kyA hai ? ' pustaka ke sandarbha meM zaMkA samAdhAna [D] DaoN. anilakumAra jaina* " samAdhAna aisA mAnane para zrAvakoM ko trasa ghAta hiMsA kA doSa to lagegA hI, mahAvratI sAdhuoM ko bhI doSa lagegA kyoMki vAyu meM bhI baikTeriyA hote haiM tathA zvAMsa lene meM unakA ghAta hotA hai| dahI meM bhI baikTeriyA pAye jAte haiM tathA sAdhuoM ko usake sevana kI chUTa hai| 2. zaMkA baikTeriyA jIva hai vaha pudgala skandha ke bheda samAdhAna jaina darzana aura vijJAna donoM meM jIva ke jo lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM unake anusAra baikTeriyA jIva hI haiN| inheM ajIva mAnane para hama satyatA se kosoM dUra ho jAyeMge ! nahIM haiM, ajIva haiM aura inameM jo vRddhi Adi dekhI jAtI saMghAta Adi ke kAraNa hai| 3. zaMkA baikTeriyA ko sthAvara mAnanA to ThIka hai, lekina unheM jalakAyika Adi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki jala hI hai jIva jinakA ve jalakAyika hote haiM jabaki baikTeriyA jala se bhinna haiN| ataH inheM jalakAyika se bhinna mAnakara danasnati varga meM rakhanA ucita rhegaa| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 samAdhAna vijJAna ne vanaspati ke jo lakSaNa batAye haiM ve baikTeriyA meM nahIM pAye jAte haiN| pazu ke lakSaNa bhI inameM nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isI kAraNa unheM eka alaga varga meM rakhA gayA hai| ataH inheM vanaspati se bhinna hI mAnA gayA hai| cUMki ve sthAvara haiM, ata: inheM vanaspati se bhinna jalakAyika, vAyukAyika Adi hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / phira bhI isa para aura adhika vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| 4. zaMkA manuSya Adi jIvoM ke zarIra kI kozikAe~ jIva nahIM haiM balki audArika zarIra kA hissA mAtra hai| samAdhAna jIva ke lakSaNoM ke anusAra pratyeka kozikA jIva hI hai| vijJAna pratyeka kozikA ko jIva mAnatA hai| pratyeka kozikA ko alaga karA jA sakatA hai, usameM 101

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cayApacaya, punutpAdana Adi kriyAoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jisameM jIva ke lakSaNa spaSTa dikhAI de rahe hoM use ajIva mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| kozikA ko ajIva mAnane kA artha hogA ki vijJAna kI mAnyatA ke bilkula viparIta ho jaanaa| yaha sahI hai ki kozikAe~ audArika zarIra kA hissA haiN| 5. zaMkA - vAyarasa ajIva haiM, unameM jIva ke lakSaNa dikhAI nahIM dete| samAdhAna - vAyarasa eka baurDara - lAina kesa hai| jaba yaha kozikA meM praveza karatA hai to vahA~ punutpAdana prArambha kara detA hai aura vaha bhI bahuta tejI se| ata: jisa samaya yaha punutpAdana karatA hai usa samaya to nizcita rUpa se jIva hI hotA hai| usake pazcAt yaha niSkriya sA ho jAtA hai| vAyarasa ko gehU~ ke bIja kI taraha yonibhUta sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra gehU~ kA bIja jamIna meM giratA hai to vaha aMkurita ho jAtA hai aura sajIva ho uThatA hai| isI se bAda meM usameM gehU~ puna: utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra vAyarasa ko bhI eka yonibhUta sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaba yaha kozikA meM praveza karatA hai to apane jaise hI dUsare vAyarasa paidA karatA hai| gehU~ ke dAne puna: paidA hone meM kucha samaya lagatA hai jabaki vAyarasa punaH paidA hone meM bahuta hI kama samaya lagatA hai| ata: hama mAna sakate haiM ki vAyarasa kI Ayu bahuta hI alpa hotI hai| ata: vAyarasa usa samaya to nizcita rUpa se alpa Ayu vAlA eka jIva hI hai jaba yaha kozikA meM praveza karatA hai tathA punutpAdana karatA hai| 6. zaMkA - kyA dahI ko binA baikTeriyA ke banAyA jA sakatA hai? kyA ise yA phira isase banI chAcha ko pUrNa rUpa se baikTeriyA rahita acitta kahA jA sakatA hai? samAdhAna - binA baikTeriyA ke dahI bananA saMbhava nahIM hai cAhe kisI bhI tarIke se kyoM na banAyA ho| dahI ko bilokara chAcha banAne para bhI usase baikTeriyA ko alaga nahIM karA jA sakatA hai aura na hI vaha naSTa karA jA sakatA hai| hA~ itanA avazya hai ki dahI bilone para tathA usameM masAle Adi milA dene se baikTeriyA kI vRddhi avazya rUka jAtI hai tathA baikTariyA kI kAlonI puna: nahIM bana pAtI hai| hama kaha sakate haiM ki bilAne para tathA masAlA Adi milAne para hama usake yonisthAna ko astavyasta (disturb) kara dete haiM tathA unakA punutpAdana rUka jAtA hai| saMbhavata: dahI ke sambandha meM ise acitta karane kA matalaba yahI hai ki isake yonisthAna ko chinna-bhinna kara diyA jaaye| aura isake pazcAt jo baikTeriyA raha jAte haiM ve apanI Ayu pUrNa karake samApta ho jAte haiN| isI kAraNa dahI ke bajAya dahI kI chAcha grahaNa karane kA prAvadhAna hai| lekina jisa chAcha ko grahaNa karA jAtA hai vaha pUrNa rUpa se baikTeriyA rahita ho jAtI hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aisI chAcha kA mAikroskopa dvArA parIkSaNa karA jA sakatA hai aura saMtuSTa huA jA sakatA hai| sandarbha - 1. jIvana kyA hai ? (What is Life?), DaoN. anilakumAra jaina - ahamadAbAda, kundakunda jJAnapITha - indaura evaM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha, 2002 * bI - 26, sUryanArAyaNa sosAyaTI, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda -5 102 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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saMkSipta AkhyA arhat vacana ) jaina zrAvakAcAra para rASTrIya vidvat saMgoSThI kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, __ cArabAga - lakhanaU, 15 - 16 agasta 2002 DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina* digambara jaina cAturmAsa samiti evaM sAdhu saMta sevA samiti, cArabAga, lakhanaU dvArA Ayojita zrAvakAcAra saMgoSThI lakhanaU meM 15 evaM 16 agasta 2002 ko sampanna huii| pUjya muni 108 zrI saurabhasAgarajI evaM pUjya muni 108 zrI prabalasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM Ayojita isa saMgoSThI meM jaina zrAvakAcAra kA paricaya, vibhinna zrAvakAcAra, vartamAna meM zrAvakAcAroM kI prAsaMgikatA tathA apekSita sudhAroM para bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| cArabAga di. jaina kAgajI dharmazAlA parisara meM Ayojita isa saMgoSThI meM jaina samAja ke zrAvaka - zrAvikAoM ne bhAga liyA evaM apanI zaMkAyeM rkhiiN| gahana vicAra - vimarza ke bAda yahI pAyA gayA ki vartamAna sandarbho meM bhI zrAvakoM ko apanI zikSAoM meM sudRr3ha rahanA cAhiye tathA gRhasthoM kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke liye isI taraha kI aura bhI saMgoSThI hotI rahanA caahiye| saMgoSThI kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - prathama satra, 15 agasta 2002, prAta: 8 se 10.30 adhyakSa - paM. zivacaranalAla jaina, mainapurI maMgalAcaraNa - zrImatI AzA rAnI jaina, lakhanaU saMyojana - DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina, lakhanaU viSaya pravartana - pro. vRSabhaprasAda jaina, lakhanaU patra prastuti - DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, vArANasI, vibhinna zrAvakAcAroM meM pratipAdita aSTa mUlaguNa dvitIya satra, 15 agasta 2002, madhyAnha 2 se 5 adhyakSa - DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, bijanaura maMgalAcaraNa - zrImatI maitrI jaina, lakhanaU saMyojana -- DaoN, vRSabhaprasAda jaina, lakhanaU patra prastuti - 1. DaoN. phUlacandra 'premI', vArANasI, jaina zrAvakAcAra viSayaka sAhitya 2. DaoN. nIlama jaina, gAjiyAbAda, bhAratIya saMskRti meM zrAvikAoM kA yogadAna 3. zrImatI gItA dube, tirUkkurala kAvya meM gRhasthoM ke niyama 4. zrImatI rAkA jaina, pannA, AdipurANa meM pratipAdita zrAvakadharma evaM saMskAra 5. zrI kailAzacandra jaina sarrApha, lakhanaU, paMcANuvrata 6. DaoN. zailendra rastogI, lakhanaU, tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kI caraNacaukI para aMkita pUjana ke dRzya tRtIya satra, 16 agasta 2002, prAta: 8 se 10.30 adhyakSa - DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, vArANasI maMgalAcaraNa- zrImatI trizalA jaina, lakhanaU saMyojana - DaoN. nIlama jaina, gAjiyAbAda patra prastuti- 1. DaoN. zItalacandra jaina, jayapura, jaina vrata evaM paryoM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana 2. DaoN. zreyAsakumAra jaina, bar3auta, zrAvakAcAra aura samyaktva 3. paM. nihAlacandra jaina, bInA, zrAvaka : pratimA vijJAna 4. paM. zivacaranalAla jaina, mainapurI, jainatva : apekSita AcAra - vicAra 5. DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina, jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM AcAra viSayaka vivecana pratyeka satra meM munidvaya ke udbodhana, jinavANI stuti bhI sampanna huii| * 5/779, virAma khaMDa, gomatI nagara, lakhanaU-226010 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 103

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pustaka samIkSA RSitulya ko samarpita RSikalpa mUlya zIrSaka : RSikalpa (DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina smRti graMtha) sampAdaka : DaoN. dharamacanda jaina prakAzaka : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina janma zatAbdI samAroha samiti. RSikalpa pradIpa bhavana, agravAla kAlonI, jabalapura DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina AkAra A/4, pR. 212 + 426 + pleTa saMskaraNa : prathama, 2001 : ru. 2100.00 samIkSaka : DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura bhAratIya sAhityAkAza ke daidIpyamAna nakSatra DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne prAkRta evaM jaina sAhitya kI apratima sevA kI hai| 1899 se 1973 kI 74 varSIya jIvana yAtrA meM aneka par3Ava rhe| jisake antargata Apane amarAvatI (1925-44) meM sahAyaka prAdhyApaka, nAgapura (1944 - 55) meM hosTala vArDana evaM prAcArya, vaizAlI zodha saMsthAna - bihAra (1955 - 1960) meM nidezaka tathA jabalapura vi.vi. (1961-69) meM saMskRta ke prophesara ke dAyitva kA nirvAha kiyaa| _M.A., L.L.B., Ph.D. ke atirikta Apane 1944 meM nAgapura vi.vi. se sarvocca zodhopAdhi D.Lit. arjita kii| 1923 se prArambha apanI sAhitya sevA ke antargata zatAdhika granthoM kA sampAdana kiyaa| 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna' ApakI niSpakSa, bahuzruta kRti hai| SaTakhaMDAgama (dhavalA) ke 16 bhAgoM kA (1936 - 1953) sampAdana kara Apa jaina jagata meM amara ho gye| 2 bhAgoM evaM 10 khaNDoM meM vibhAjita samIkSya grantha sampAdaka DaoN. dharamacanda jaina ke prayAsoM se eka mahatvapUrNa sandarbha grantha bana gayA hai| isake 10 khaMDoM - 1. saMsmaraNa, 2. jIvana evaM vyaktitva, 3. aitihAsika kRtitva, 4. citroM meM DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, 5. sandarbha janmazatAbdI, 6, itihAsa, purAtatva va jaina sthApatya, 7. madhyakAlIna ArSa bhASA kI jaina paramparA, 8. jaina dharma aura siddhAnta, 9. jaina cintana kI vaijJAnika dRSTi evaM 10. zramaNa paramparA meM 70 bahuzruta vidvAnoM ke Alekha prakAzita haiM, jo viSaya vaividhya evaM prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se paThanIya tathA saMgrahaNIya haiN| ___ hameM yaha dekhakara sukhada Azcarya hai ki prastuta kRti meM nimna 3 lekha - (1) kAladravya : jaina darzana aura vijJAna (kumAra anekAnta jaina), (2) Eco - Rationality and Jaina Karma Theory (Krivov Sergui) tathA (3) kloniMga tathA karma siddhAnta (anilakumAra jaina) arhat vacana se sAbhAra uddhRta haiM tathA kaI anya AlekhoM kI sAmagrI kA AdhAra arhat vacana hai| kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ke prati sadaiva se bahumAna rakhatA hai ata: usake liye yaha gauravapUrNa hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai kintu mUlya kucha adhika hai| 104 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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zodha prabandha sArAMza arhat vacana (kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma kA svarUpa - zrImatI anupamA chAjer3a* zrImatI anupamA chAjer3a ne devI ahilyA vi.vi. ke zodha kendra kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura meM paMjIkRta hokara 'jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma kA svarUpa' viSaya para pro. puruSottama dube ke mArgadarzana meM hindI viSaya meM Ph.D. upAdhi hetu apanA zodha prabandha prastuta kiyaa| dinAMka 19.12.2002 ko kundakunda jJAnapITha kendra para hI unakI maukhika parIkSA bhI sampanna huii| sampAdaka rAmakathA prAcInakAla se hI jaina sAhityakAroM ko priya rahI hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA kannar3a Adi kSetrIya bhASAoM meM rAmakathA para aneka jaina grantha upalabdha haiN| rAma kA eka nAma padma bhI thaa| yahI nAma jaina sAhityakAroM ko adhika priya lgaa| isI AdhAra para vimalasUri ne prAkRta meM paumacariyaM, raviSeNa ne saMskRta meM padmacaritam tathA svayaMbhU ne apabhraMza meM paumacariu kI racanA kii| jaina sAhitya/Agama atyadhika vizAla hai| inake cAra anuyoga haiM - (1) prathamAnuyoga, (2) karaNAnuyoga, (3) caraNAnuyoga tathA (4) drvyaanuyog| prathamAnuyoga ke antargata 63 mahAna zalAkA puruSoM ke pAvana-caritroM kA varNana kathAtmaka DhaMga se hotA hai| inameM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa va 9 balabhadra - isa prakAra triSaSThi mahAna puruSoM kA jIvana caritra varNita hotA hai| isa varNana kA uddezya saMsAra meM pApa kI nikRSTatA, puNya kI zreSThatA tathA vrata cAritra sahita mokSa mArga para ArUDha ho mokSa prApti kA vivaraNa denA hI hotA hai| 'rAma' isI prathamAnuyoga meM varNita balabhadra ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya meM varNita haiN| ve eka mahAna evaM mokSagAmI mahApuruSa haiN| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra rAmacandra bhagavAna munisuvrata ke kAla meM hue haiN| inakA caritra AdarzamayI thaa| inake Adarza caritra ko lekara jaina dharma meM jaina rAmAyaNa yA granthoM kI racanA tIsarI zatI I. se nirantara solahavIM zatI I. taka hotI rahI hai| inakI pramukha do dhArAyeM thIM arthAt inake do alaga - alaga rUpa the - eka vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' aura raviSeNa ke 'padmacarita' kI tathA dUsarI guNabhadra ke 'uttarapurANa' kii| digambara paramparA meM tIrthakara Adi ke caritroM kA prAcIna saMkalana nAmAvalI ke rUpa meM hameM prAkRta bhASA ke grantha tiloyapaNNattI meM milatA hai| vimalasUri ne 'paumacariyaM' ke upodghAta meM likhA hai ki 'maiM, jo nAmAvalI meM nibaddha hai tathA AcArya paramparA se Agata hai, aisA samasta padmacarita AnupUrvI ke anusAra saMkSepa se kahatA huuN|' isase yaha spaSTa rUpa se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne nAmAvalI ko mukhyAdhAra mAnakara 'paumacariya' kI racanA kii| isake atirikta AcArya svayaMbhU kRta apabhraMza bhASA kA paumacariu tathA nAgacandra kRta karnATaka padmanArAyaNa jaina paramparA ke zreSTha rAmacarita haiM jo tiloyapaNNattI para AdhArita __ dUsarI dhArA guNabhadrAcArya ke uttarapurANa kI hai| AcArya guNabhadra AcArya jinasena ke ziSya the| jinasena ke viSaya meM 'kaviparamezvaranigadatagadvakathAmataDhakaM purozciritam' isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki AdipurANa kI racanA pUrNa karane ke pUrva hI ve divaMgata ho gaye the, ata: avaziSTa AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa kI racanA unake prabuddha ziSya guNabhadra ne kii| bahuta kucha saMbhava hai ki guNabhadra ne bhI uttarapurANa kI racanA karate samaya kavi arhata vacana, 14 (4), 2002 105

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paramezvara ke 'vAgartha saMgraha purANa' ko hI AdhArabhUta mAnA ho para Ajakala vaha racanA aprApya hai| isaliye rAmakathA kI isa dvitIya dhArA ke upodghATaka ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama guNabhadra kA hI nAma AtA hai| donoM rAmakathAoM meM aneka matoM kA antara hai| pahalI dhArA to phira bhI acchI lagatI hai parantu dUsarI dhArA kucha aTapaTI sI lagatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthakara Adi zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana sambandhI kucha tathyAMza sthAnAMga sUtra meM milate haiM jise AdhAra mAnakara AcArya hemacandra Adi ne triSaSThi mahApurANa Adi kI racanAe~ kI haiN| hemacandrAcArya kRta jaina rAmAyaNa, jo triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa carita kA eka aMza hai, isI dhArA ke anurUpa vikasita hai| jinadAsa kRta rAmapurANa, padmadeva vijayagaNi kRta rAmacarita tathA kathAkoSoM meM Agata rAmakathAe~ inhIM dhArA meM pravAhita huI haiN| prastuta kRti ke prathama adhyAya meM prastAvanA ke rUpa meM rAma ke svarUpa kA udbhava evaM vikAsa tathA purANa sAhitya prabandha kAvya, nATya sAhitya hindI sAhitya meM alaga alaga rAma ke svarUpa kA varNana prastuta kiyA hai| purANa sAhitya meM hamane bAlmIki kRta rAmAyaNa, prabandha kAvya meM gupta kRta sAketa, nATya sAhitya meM prasiddha nATakakAra bhavabhUti dvArA racita uttararAmacarita tathA hindI sAhitya meM narendra kohalI ke upanyAsa abhyudaya meM hamane rAma ke svarUpa kA vistArapUrvaka varNana prastuta kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM jaina rAmAyaNoM kI utpatti tathA jaina rAmAyaNoM kI sUcI prastuta kI hai| isameM hamane saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke AcArya raviSeNa vimalasUri evaM svayaMbhU kI kRti kramazaH padmacarita paumacariyaM evaM paumacariu kA sAmAnya paricaya prastuta kiyA hai tathA tRtIya adhyAya meM inhIM jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma ke vyaktitva ko vikAsa kathA ke anurUpa prastuta kiyA hai| caturtha evaM paMcama adhyAya ko hamane hamAre lakSya ke pramukha adhyAya mAnA hai| phalata: saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kI eka eka jaina rAmAyaNa, padmapurANa, paumacariyaM paumacariu jo ki kramazaH AcArya raviSeNa AcArya vimalasUri AcArya svayaMbhU ke dvArA racita hai, meM rAma ke svarUpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara niSkarSa rUpa meM jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma kA svarUpa kaisA hai, yaha varNana prakaTa kiyA gayA hai paMcama adhyAya meM inhIM jaina rAmAyaNoM meM rAma ke caritra ke vizeSa vibhinna rUpoM kA jaise avasaravAdI rUpa, jana kalyANakArI rUpa samanvayakArI rUpa, maryAdita rUpa evaM zIla, zAMti evaM saundarya ke pratIka rAma kA saMkSipta varNana likhakara rAma ke sampUrNa jIvana ko prastuta karane kI koziza kI hai| - SaSThama adhyAya ke prathama bhAga meM rAmacarita mAnasa aura hamAre lakSya kI tInoM jaina rAmAyaNoM ke madhya tulanAtmaka vaiziSTya meM pahale donoM kI kathA meM aMtara prastuta karane ke pazcAt caritra citraNa ke AdhAra para aMtara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isI ke dUsare khaMDa meM vartamAna meM hindI jagata ko jaina lekhakoM ke avadAna meM nihita rAma ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta vivecana zve. paramparA ke jaina muni sUryamuni dvArA racita zrI jaina rAmAyaNa meM rAma ke svarUpa ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| 106 - aMta meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM jaina rAmAyaNoM kA sAmAjika mahatva, unakA sAhitya meM yogadAna tathA zodha grantha kA niSkarSa likhakara virAma diyaa| 'rAmatva jahA~ haiM, vahIM saMtulita lokataMtra garvamaya samRddhi - sukha zAnti, rAma kA rAjataMtra' arhat vacana 14 (4), 2002

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gatividhiyA~ ilAhAbAda vi.vi. meM dharma evaM saMskRti saMgoSThI sampanna 3 sitambara 2002 ko ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna itihAsa vibhAga meM pUjya gaNinI pramukha zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ke mukhya udbodhana ke sAtha 'dharma evaM saMskRti goSThI' kA bhavya Ayojana sampanna huaa| prajJAzramaNI AryikA zrI candanAmatI mAtAjI evaM kSullaka zrI motIsAgarajI mahArAja ke sAragarbhita udbodhanoM ke sAtha vizvavidyAlaya kI ora se pro. omaprakAza yAdava (pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa - prAcIna itihAsa vibhAga) kA prabhAvaka vaktavya huaa| kAryakrama kA saphala saMcAlana kiyA, DaoN. o. pI. zrIvAstava (prA. iti. vibhAga) ne| sabhAdhyakSa the vi.vi. ke kalA saMkAya ke DIna pro. e. Ara. ena. zrIvAstava (samprati vibhaagaadhykss)| pro. gItAdevI, DaoN. mRdulA raviprakAza (adhyakSa - darzana zAstra vibhAga), pro. bI. DI. mizra, DaoN. eca. ena. dube, pro. harimohana jaina, pro. ke. jI. zrIvAstava (aMgrejI vibhAga), DaoN. Ara. DI tripAThI, DaoN. anAmikA rAya, DaoN. suSamA zrIvAstava, pro. je. ke. jaina ityAdi aneka vizvavidyAlayIna prAdhyApakoM ne pUjya mAtAjI kI amRtavANI ko maMtramugdha hokara sunaa| gRha saciva - u.pra. zrI zrIrAma yAdava ne bhI isa avasara para apane vicAra vyakta kiye| vi.vi. ke vidyArthiyoM evaM jaina samAja ke viziSTajanoM sahita kAphI saMkhyA meM vidvAna zrotAgaNa isa saMgoSThI meM upasthita rhe| gaNinI mAtAjI ne apane maMgala udbodhana meM kahA malakati ki dharma zAzvata hai calanaH samAjamA jabaki sampradAya samaya para banate bigar3ate rahate haiN| vastuta: ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa hI dharma haiM, jinheM dhAraNa kara hama bhI tIrthaMkara bana sakate haiN| ahiMsA se hI vizvazAMti saMbhava ho sakatI hai| saMskRti saMskAra se ni:sRta hai| saMskRti vikRta ho sakatI hai para dharma nhiiN| pUjya mAtAjI ne kahA ki vizvavidyAlaya sRjana ke liye haiM, vizva ko zAMti kA saMdeza pradAna karane ke liye haiN| itihAsa lekhakoM ko vividha dharmoM kA itihAsa unake dharmAcAyoM se vArtA karake likhanA cAhiye tAki kisI kI bhAvanAoM ko Thesa nahIM phuNce| isa avasara para RSabhadeva tapasthalI tIrtha prayAga ke adhyakSa karmayogI bra. ravIndrakumAra jaina kI ora se vi.vi. ko sAhitya rakhane hetu eka AlamArI tathA pUjya mAtAjI dvArA likhita sAhitya bheMTa kiyA gyaa| isa prabhAvaka saMgoSThI kI vi.vi. meM kAphI prazasA kI gyii| sudhI zrotAoM kA kahanA thA ki saMta binobA bhAve ke pazcAta Aja kisI mahAna saMta ke caraNa vi.vi. parisara meM par3e haiM, yadi isI prakAra ke maMgala udbodhana chAtroM ko samaya - samaya para prApta hote raheM to unakA jIvana evaM AcaraNa sudhara sakatA hai| .ba. (ku.) svAti jaina, saMghastha 107 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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jaina zikSaka chAtroM ko saMskArita karane kA dAyitva nibhAyeM "jaina zikSaka apane adhyApana kArya ke sAtha sAtha apane chAtroM ko bhAratIya saMskRti ke vaiziSTyoM, ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM anekAnta jaise sArvabhaumika siddhAntoM kI prAsaMgikatA, mAMsAhAra evaM madyapAna ke duSprabhAvoM kI jAnakArI deM mahilA prAdhyApikAe~ yuvatiyoM ko bhrUNa hatyA ke ghAtaka pariNAmoM ke prati saceta kreN|" ukta vicAra sAdhvI zrI candanAjI ne zrI varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvaka saMgha (pUrvI kSetra) dvArA 10 navambara 2002 ko jaina sthAnaka, mahAvIra nagara meM Ayojita jaina zikSaka sammelana meM vyakta kiye| indaura nagara meM prathama bAra Ayojita isa sammelana ko sAdhvI zrI akSaya jyotijI ne bhI sambodhita kiyaa| sammelana kI adhyakSatA prasiddha arthazAstrI DaoN. jayantIlAla bhaMDArI ne kii| mukhya vaktA prasiddha vicAraka pro. aravinda mArU rhe| sabhA ko pro. harSendrakumAra jaina, prAcArya - ilvA kaoNleja, DaoN. (ku.) saroja koThArI, DaoN. anupama jaina evaM pro. udaya jaina ne bhI sambodhita kiyaa| 25 variSTha prAdhyApakoM evaM prAcAryoM kI upasthiti meM sarvAnumati se nirNaya liyA gayA ki indaura nagara ke vidyAlayoM / mahAvidyAlayoM/ takanIkI zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM kAryarata zikSakoM athavA nagara meM nivAsarata zikSakoM kA eka samUha gaThita kiyA jAye jo paraspara sahayoga kara apane ziSyoM ko adhikAdhika lAbha pahu~cA ske| yaha samUha deza-videza meM phailI jaina pratibhAoM se samparka kara unakI pratibhA / kSamatA kA upayoga jaina saMskRti ke prasAra, naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa jaina sAhitya ke paThana pAThana / adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna kAryoM ko vikasita karane meM bhI kreN| sarvAnumati pro. dhAkar3a se pro. narendra dhAkar3a ko samUha kA saMyojaka manonIta kiyA gyaa| ve samUha ke nAmakaraNa, sadasyatA Adi ke sandarbha meM Age kI kAryavAhI kareMge pro. jayantIlAla bhaMDArI evaM pro. esa. ke. baMDI unako sahayoga kreNge| 108 ------ - sAdhvI candanAjI DaoN. anupama jaina ke AmaMtraNa para navagaThita samUha kA prathama sammelana 14 janavarI 2003 ko kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura meM Ayojita karane kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| kAryakrama meM DaoN. mItA jaina, DaoN. kusuma jaina, pro. dIpaka mehatA, zrImatI indirA jaina, DaoN saMdIpa nAnAvaTI pro. kanhaiyAlAla boliyA, pro. aMgUrabAlA bAphanA, pro. kalpanA meghAvata pro. pramilA khAbiyA, zrImatI bindu gAMdhI, pro. ema. ke. lAlana, pro. e. esa. koThArI, pro. vI. ke. nAhara evaM pro. kalpanA baMDI bhI upasthita rahIM / " # DaoN. anupama jaina zrI mAMgIlAlajI pahAr3e, haidarAbAda kA 17.10.2002 ko nidhana sva. mAMgIlAlajI pahAr3e kA jIvana dhArmika va sAmAjika gatividhiyoM meM haidarAbAda hI nahIM, pUre deza kI digambara jaina saMsthAoM se jur3A huA thaa| ve zravaNabelagolA meM 12 varSa meM eka bAra hone vAle bhagavAna bAhubalI ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka samAroha ke sadaiva kAryakArI sadasya rahe bhaTTArakajI zrI cArukIrti svAmIjI ke pichale kaI varSoM se nirantara samparka meM rhe| pichale mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke pUrva zrI pahAr3ejI ne zravaNabelagolA meM atithi gRha kA nirmANa bhI kraayaa| digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura kI prerikA gaNinIpramukha AryikA zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ke ve ananya bhakta the| barasoM taka unakI janma jayaMtI para unakI ora se sahabhoja kA kAryakrama rahatA thA evaM vahIM para hone vAle paMcakalyANaka mahotsava meM bhI unakA pUrNa sahayoga rhaa| hastinApura meM indradhvaja mahAmaNDala vidhAna kA kaI bAra unakI ora se Ayojana kiyA gyaa| unake nidhana se samAja ko apUraNIya kSati huI hai| kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra kI hArdika shrddhaaNjli| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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jaina mandira baragInagara ke punarnirmANa hetu ru. 23.80 lAkha kI rAzi svIkRta pradeza ke mAnanIya mukhyamaMtrI zrI digvijayasiMhajI cembara oNpha kAmarsa, gvAliyara meM Thahare jaina muni pulakasAgarajI mahArAja se bheMTa karane hetu pradeza ke pUrva maMtrI evaM ma.pra. tilahana saMgha ke adhyakSa zrI bhagavAnasiMha yAdava ke sAtha gaye aura zrIphala bheMTakara AzIrvAda prApta kiyaa| mukhyamaMtrI ne 5 disambara se AhUta traya gajaratha mahotsava meM pUrNa sahayoga aura use saphala banAne kA saMkalpa vyakta kiyaa| munizrI pulakasAgarajI mahArAja ne mukhyamaMtrI jI ko avagata karAyA ki lagabhaga 17 varSa pUrva grAma bhiDakI meM baragInagara, jabalapura sthita 200 varSa purAnA digambara jaina mandira rAnI avaMtIbAI sAgara pariyojanA ke kAraNa DUba meM A gayA thaa| ukta mandira ke aitihAsika mahatva ko dRSTigata rakhate hue zAsana dvArA muAvaje ke badale meM jaina mandira kA punarnimANa karane hetu rAzi rupaye 23.80 lAkha kI svIkRti kA ThaharAva varSa 1985 pradeza ke mAnanIya mukhyamaMtrI zrI digvijayasiMhajI ko AzIrvAda dete hae 108 meM kiyA thA aura 3 julAI pUjya munizrI pulakasAgarajI mhaaraaj| samIpa hI hai ma. pra. zAsana ke pUrva 1996 meM ukta mandira ke nirmANa maMtrI tathA ma. pra. tilahana saMgha ke adhyakSa zrI bhagavAnasiMha yAdava hetu rAzi kI svIkRti ke Adeza diye the, parantu Aja taka anudAna rAzi prApta na hone se mandira kA nirmANa prArambha nahIM ho sakA hai| isa para mukhyamaMtrIjI ne pUjya munizrI ko Azvasta kiyA ki ve isa saMbaMdha meM zIghra hI Thosa pahala kreNge| prApta sUcanAnusAra upamukhyamaMtrI evaM siMcAI maMtrI zrI subhASa yAdava ke sakArAtmaka sahayoga se yaha rAzi jArI kI jA cukI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuNDezana dvArA mahAvIra avArDa ke nAmoM kI ghoSaNA bhagavAna mahAvIra phAunDezana kI mahAvIra avArDa cayana samiti kI baiThaka bhUtapUrva pramukha nyAyAdhIza nyAyamUrti zrI vaikaTacelayyAjI kI adhyakSatA meM baiMgalora meM sampanna huii| vIrAyatana ke AcArya zrI candanAjI, zrI DI. Ara mehatA (bhUtapUrva adhyakSa - sebI) va DaoN. bI. ema. hegar3e (upakulapati - manipAla vi.vi.) bhI isa baiThaka meM upasthita the| phAunDezana kI ora se nyAsI zrI ena. sugAlacanda jaina, zrI jI. ena. dammANI, zrI pI. vI. kRSNamUrti va zrI bI. uttamacanda bhaMDArI upasthita the| cayana samiti ne gahana vicAra vimarza ke bAda (1) marUdhara mahilA zikSaNa saMsthAna, vidyAvAr3I, kimela, sTezana rAnI jilA pAlI (rAjasthAna) tathA (2) vivekAnanda rAka memoriyala evaM vivekAnanda kendra, kanyAkumArI (tamilanADu) kA zikSA ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya ke liye tathA (3) DaoN. esa. vI. AdInArAyaNarAva, DAirekTara janarala, premA hAspiTala, 14 - 3 - 18, mahArANI peTA, vizAkhApaTnama (AMdhra pradeza) kA sAmAjika sevA ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya ke liye mahAvIra avArDa hetu cayana kiyA hai| mahAvIra avArDa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti, prazastipatra va pA~ca lAkha rupaye nagada dene kA prAvadhAna hai| avArDa zIdhra diyA jaayegaa| arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 109

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vidvat mahAsaMgha puraskAra - 2002 kI ghoSaNA tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha dvArA 2000 meM nimnAMkita 2 puraskAroM kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| ina puraskAroM ke antargata ru. 11,000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti se sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| varSa 2000 evaM 2001 meM sammAnita vidvAnoM kA vivaraNa nimnavat hai - 1. sva. candArAnI jaina, Tikaitanagara smRti vidvat mahAsaMgha puraskAra 2000 zrImatI sumana jaina, sampAdikA RSabha dezanA, indaura 2001 - DaoN. dayAcanda jaina sAhityAcArya, sAgara * 2. sau. rUpAbAI jaina, sanAvada smRti vidvat mahAsaMgha puraskAra 2000 DaoN. saMjIva sarApha, pustakAlayAdhyakSa, sAgara pro. ke. ke. jaina, sa. prAdhyApaka, rAjanIti zAstra, bInA 2001 - paM. zikharacanda jaina, sAgara paM. zItalacandra jaina, sAgara paM. jayasena jaina, sampAdaka sanmati vANI, indaura - ukta donoM puraskAroM hetu varSa 2002 ke liye kramaza: ( 1 ) paM. lAlacanda jaina 'rAkeza', pUrva prAcArya gaMjabAsaudA tathA ( 2 ) zrI rameza kAsalIvAla, sampAdaka- vIra nikalaMka, indaura ko cunA gayA hai| puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha saMbhavataH kuNDalapura (nAlaMdA) meM Ayojita kiyA jAyegA / kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra kI ora se hArdika badhAI / 110 ahiMsA inTaranezanala puraskAroM hetu nAma AmaMtrita prativarSAnusAra ahiMsA inTaranezanala dvArA varSa 2002 ke nimna puraskAroM ke liye prastAva AmaMtrita 1. ahiMsA inTaranezanala DipTImala AdIzvaralAla jaina sAhitya puraskAra (rAzi 31,000 /-) jaina sAhitya ke vidvAna ko unake samagra sAhitya athavA eka kRti kI zreSThatA ke AdhAra para likhita pustakoM kI sUcI tathA 2 zreSTha pustakeM bhejeN| 2. ahiMsA inTaranezanala bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla jaina zAkAhAra puraskAra (rAzi 21,000/- ) zAkAhAra prasAra ke kSetra meM kArya kara rahe karmaTha kAryakartA ko unake kArya kI zreSThatA ke AdhAra # DaoN. anupama jaina, mahAmaMtrI pr| 3. ahiMsA inTaranezanala raghuvIrasiMha jaina jIva rakSA puraskAra ( rAzi 21,000 /-) jIva rakSA ke kSetra meM kArya kara rahe karmaTha kAryakartA ko unake kArya kI zreSThatA ke AdhAra para / 4. ahiMsA inTaranezanala premacanda jaina patrakAritA puraskAra ( rAzi 21,000 /-) racanAtmaka jaina patrakAritA kI zreSThatA ke AdhAra pr| nAma kA sujhAva svayaM lekhaka / kAryakartA / saMsthA athavA anya vyakti dvArA 31 janavarI 2003 taka nimna pate para lekhaka / kAryakartA/patrakAra ke pUre nAma va pate, jIvana paricaya, saMbaMdhita kSetra meM kArya vivaraNa sahita va pAsaporTa AkAra ke 2 phoTo sahita AmaMtrita haiN| puraskAra naI dillI meM bhavya samAroha meM bheMTa kiye jaayeNge| # pradIpakumAra jaina, saciva 4687, umarAva galI, pahAr3I dhIraja, dillI 110006 arhat vacana 14 (4), 2002

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mumbaI vi. vi. dvArA dinezabhAI modI puraskAra 2002 hetu nibandha AmaMtrita mumbaI vizvavidyAlaya dvArA dinezabhAI modI puraskAra - 2000 ke liye ' mahAtmA gAMdhI ke jIvana meM zrImad rAjacandra kA AdhyAtmika prabhAva' viSaya para nibandha AmaMtrita haiN| nibandha gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI yA aMgrejI meM TAIpa kiyA jhuA athavA hAtha se likhita phula skepa kAgaja ke 40 pRSThoM se adhika kA nahIM honA caahiye| pratyeka nibandha ke sIlabanda liphAphe ke Upara lekhaka ke hastAkSara yukta eka pramANa patra honA cAhiye ki yaha lekha unakA svalikhita nibandha hai| sAtha hI liphAphe para puraskAra kA nAma, varSa tathA nibandha kA nAma likhita honA caahiye| lekha bhejane kA patA - uparajisTrAra, mumbaI.vi.vi., skAlarazipa sekzana, kamarA naM. 35, prathama maMjila, mahAtmA jotIrAva phUle bhavana, vidyAnagarI, kalinA kempasa, sAMtAkruja (pUrva), mumbaI-4000981 badhAI 'jaina pracAraka ke sampAdaka evaM variSTha vidvAna DaoN. surezacandra jaina (dillI) ko kSu. gaNezaprasAda varNI smRti puraskAra tathA DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina (sanAvada) ko unakI zodha kRti 'jaina darzana meM ratnatraya kA svarUpa' para guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti puraskAra se a. bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSada ke bijauliyA adhivezana meM 15 - 17 akTUbara 2002 ke madhya sammAnita kiyA gyaa| sammAna ke antargata ru. 5,101/- kI rAzi evaM prazasti pradAna .. DaoN. surezacanda jaina 1 pradAna DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina dillI kI gii| sanAvada pUjya muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM sampanna isa kAryakrama kA saMcAlana DaoN, jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara evaM saMyojana DaoN. surendrakumAra jaina 'bhAratI', burahAnapura ne kiyaa| zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha dvArA patrikA kA prakAzana jaina darzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnya vizyavidyAlaya), naI dillI- 16 dvArA eka patrikA kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| sabhI vidvAnoM/zodhArthiyoM se nivedana hai ki ina dinoM yadi ve jaina vidyA yA prAkRta bhASA se sambandhita kisI bhI vidhA meM, kisI bhI vizvavidyAlaya meM athavA vibhAga meM athavA vyaktigata rUpa se koI bhI mahatvapUrNa zodhakArya, sampAdana athavA anuvAda kArya kara rahe hoM to usakI paricayAtmaka pUrNa va prAmANika jAnakArI hamAre pAsa zIghra bhejeN| hama use prakAzita karake gaurava kA anubhava kreNge| pramANa hetu apane zodha nirdezaka kA pramANa - patra va rAmparka hetu apanA pUrA nAma, patA, I - mela va phona nambara bhI bhejeN| . DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina saha- sampAdaka, vyAkhyAtA - jaina darzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya), kutuba sAMsthAnika kSetra, naI dillI - 16 arhat vacana, 14(4), 2002 111

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zruta saMvaddhana puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha 1996 meM aupacArika rUpa se meraTha meM sthApita zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna ne apanI sthApanA ke vicAra ke prArambhika caraNa meM hI vidvatjanoM kA sammAna karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| saMsthAna ke preraNAsrota parama pUjya upAdhyAyaratna zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kI vidvAnoM ko sammAnita karAne meM vizeSarUci ko dRSTigata kara saMsthAna ne 5 vArSika zruta saMvarddhana puraskAroM kI sthApanA kI hai| pratyeka puraskAra ke antargata ru. 31,000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti pradAna kI jAtI hai| varSa 1991 (2), 1997 (4), 1998 (5), 1999 (5), 2000 (5), 2001 (5) meM kula 26 vidvAnoM ko sammAnita kiyA gyaa| varSa 2002 ke puraskAroM se nimnavat 5 vidvAnoM ko 12 disambara 2002 ko AgarA meM sammAnita kiyA gayA -- 1. AcArya zAMtisAgara chANI smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra-2002 paM. sAgaramala jaina, durgA cauka, talaiyA, bhAratI Telarsa ke sAmane, vidizA - 464001 (m.pr.)| 2. AcArya sUryasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 paM. lAlacandra jaina 'rAkeza', neharU cauka, galI naM. 4, gaMjabAsaudA - 464001 (m.pr.)| 3. AcArya vimalasAgara (bhiNDa) smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 zrI pArasadAsa jaina, 10, aMsArI ror3a, dariyAgaMja, dillii| 4. AcArya sumatisAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 ___ DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, bI. 2/249, ravIndrapurI, vArANasI - 221005 (u.pr.)| 5. muni varddhamAnasAgara smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra - 2002 ___ zrImatI mAdhurI jaina, 1137, saMghIjI kA rAstA, kizanapola bAjAra, jayapura - 31 apraila 2000 meM ru. THAN 1,00,000/- kI sammAna mAyAmAnAnAmahAlata kasAnA rAzi sahita upAdhyAya jAI hA dI nIti lAI prAdhikArI zrI jJAnasAgara zruta saMvarddhana upAdhyAyajJAnasAgAzatasavaTanaparaskAra ARORE puraskAra kI sthApanA kI gii| varSa 2001 kA puraskAra samAja bASAAMSHER sevA ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kArya hetu dharmasthala ke dharmAdhikArI rAjarSi DaoN. DI. vIrendra hegar3e ko 18 disambara 2002 ko pUjya upAdhyAyazrI ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM AgarA meM samarpita kiyA gyaa| zrI hegar3e ne puraskAra cayana samiti evaM saMsthAna ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue kahA ki zruta saMvarddhana saMsthAna kA kArya Apa loga bahuta acche DhaMga se kara rahe haiN| ata: maiM yaha rAzi evaM prazasti svIkAra kara dharmasthala le to jA rahA hU~ kintu yaha rAzi hama Apako sasammAna pratyArpita kara deNge| saMsthAna dvArA saMcAlita ru. 25,000/- rAzi ke sarAka puraskAra se isa varSa (2002 meM) zrI vinayakumAra jaina, dillI ko sammAnita kiyA gyaa| unhoMne bhI yaha rAzi apanI ora se ghoSita rAzi sahita sarAkotthAna ke kArya meM kharca karane kI ghoSaNA kii| atelagI AgAmI disambara 2002 upAdhyAyajJAnasAgara savadanapuraskArasama 112 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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mata- abhimata arhat vacana kA varSa 14, aMka 2-3 (saMyuktAMka) prApta huaa| isa aMka ko pAkara maiM bahuta prasanna huuN| isameM Apane bahuta mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI saMkalita kI hai, vizeSa rUpa se jaina gaNita ke sambandha meN| jaina gaNita para jisa kisI ko kArya karanA ho, usake liya; Apa to mArgadarzaka hoMge hI, isa aMka meM jina lekhoM/lekhakoM kI sUcI Apane prakAzita kI hai (hindI, aMgrejI donoM meM) tathA jo anya zodhaparaka lekha prakAzita kiye haiM, ve bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| maiM Apako isa aMka ke prakAzana ke liye hArdika badhAI detA huuN| Apa vAstava meM jaina vijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se eka mArgadarzaka staMbha ke rUpa meM sthApita ho gaye haiN| maiM kAmanA karatA hU~ ki Apa isI prakAra pragati patha para bar3hate raheM aura gaNita evaM anya takanIkI/vaijJAnika viSayoM meM jainAcAryoM ke yogadAna ko jaina aura sampUrNa vizva samAja ke sammukha rakha skeN| 15.11.02 - DaoN. vimala prakAza jaina nidezaka - bhogIlAla laheracanda prAcya vidyA saMsthAna, dillI- 110036 Apake dvArA preSita arhat vacana varSa 14, aMka (2-3) prApta huaa| bhaviSya meM bhI isase lAbhAnvita karate raheMge, aisI AzA hai| gaNita viSaya ke lekha samAdaraNIya evaM jJAvarddhaka hai| kAla viSayaka mahatvapUrNa lekha bhI paThanIya hai| DaoN. sneharAnI jaina ne vaijJAnika kAla kA saMgraha kara pAThakoM kA upakAra kiyA hai| lekina patA nahIM kisI dRSTikoNa se unhoMne kAla ko bahupradezI kahA? yadi kAla bahAdezI hotA to pA~ca astikAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM nahIM hotii| jaina darzana kAla ko astikAya nahIM mAnatA hai kyoMki vaha bahapradezI nahIM hai| kAla ko pradeza mAtra mAnA gayA hai| arhata vacana paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| 18.11.02 . DaoN. lAlacanda jaina dvArA - DaoN. jainamatIjI jaina. zrI jaina bAlA vizrAma, gharaharA, ArA (bihAra) arhat vacana kA nayA aMka 14(2 - 3) bahuta prabhAvI hai| sAmagrI kI pracura samRddhi spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigata hotI hai| badhAI svIkAra kreN| 'Agama kA prakAza - jIvana kA vikAsa' stambha meM lekhakoM kI racanAoM kA AmaMtraNa upayogI siddha hogaa| 12.12.02 - pro. pArasamala agravAla oklAhomA sTeTa yUnivarsiTI, oklAhomA (amerikA) arhat vacana kI pratiSTA takanIkI dRSTi se sampuSTa prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA ke prasaMgoM ko rekhAMkita karane ke kAraNa baDhI hai| kundakunda jJAnapITha kI zodha patrikA arhat vacana meM aise aneka lekha vigata do varSoM meM chape haiM jo jaina gaNita aura vibhinna Adhunika vijJAna kI mAnyatAoM ke sAtha samIkRta kiye jA sakate haiN| aMkagaNita, bIjagaNita aura rekhAgaNita ke sAre siddhAnta karmavAda aura sRSTi saMracanA ke prasaMgoM meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| jainiyoM ne apane gaNitIya AdhAra ke liye svayaM kI takanIkI zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA hai, jise anyatra nahIM DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaina gaNita kI upalabdhiyoM se vizva ko paricita karAnA Adhunika lekhakoM kA dAyitva hai| pro. ela. sI. jaina, DaoN. Ara. sI. guptA, DaoN. anupama jaina, DaoN. paramezvara jhA sadRza aneka vidvAna isa dizA meM prayatnazIla haiN| - DaoN. rAjendra trivedI rIDara - saMskRta vibhAga, rAnI durgAvatI vi.vi., jabalapura (ma.pra.) (vyAkhyAna kA aMza) arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002 113

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___ hamAre purANa, zrAvakAcAra, yatyAcAra, karma siddhAnta Adi kI yuktiyukta samIkSA kI AvazyakatA hara vicArazIla jaina ko mahasUsa hotI hogI, aisA merA soca hai| pichale 30 - 40 varSoM meM pI-eca DI., DI.liT, vidyAvAridhi Adi upAdhiyoM ke liye 1000 - 1500 zodha prabandha likhe gaye haiN| kAphI saMkhyA meM isake alAvA bhI choTI - bar3I pustakeM chapI haiN| pacAsoM saMsthAnoM meM pacAsoM vidvAnoM ke nirdezana meM jaina vidyA kA uccastarIya adhyayana ho rahA hai| bar3hatI huI saMkhyA meM jaina patrikAyeM chapa rahI haiN| hamAre saMsAdhana - vidvAna (jinakI AjIvikA jaina vidyA ke adhyayana/adhyApana, dhArmika, sAmAjika kriyAoM para nirbhara karatI) artha Adi sImita haiM, usakA sahI tathA adhikAdhika upayoga sunizcita karane ke liye eka samIkSA kI AvazyakatA hai| zurUAta eka 1-2 divasIya vidvat goSThI se kI jaaye| sthAna - zrImahAvIrajI dhyAna kendra, Ayojaka - mahAsabhA, mahAsamiti yA jaina vidyA saMsthAna zrImahAvIrajI, samaya - caitra zuklA 15 (bhagavAna padamaprabhu kA kevalajJAna divasa) rakhA jA sakatA hai| isakI sUcanA jaina patroM (gajaTa, saMdeza, patrikA) dvArA tathA AvazyakatAnusAra patroM dvArA vidvat pariSada, zAstrI pariSada, saMsthAna, jahA~ jaina vidyA kA uccastarIya adhyayana/adhyApana hotA hai, ko prasArita kI jaaye| __jo vidvAna usameM yogadAna kara sakeM, ve apanA paricaya, zikSA (laukika, dhArmika), AjIvikA/vyavasAya, lekhana, adhyayana, adhyApana kA vivaraNa Ayojaka ko mAgha pUrNimA taka uparokta viSaya para apane vicAra, jisameM prAcIna zAstroM meM varNita viSayoM, jina para adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai tathA (1) adhyayana ke liye vidvAna kA yogadAna, (2) saMsthAna jahA~ adhyayana hogA, usakI yuktiyukta upayuktatA, (3) artha tathA anya sahayoga kI AvazyakatA, (4) yogya adhyetAoM kI AvazyakatA tathA (5) unakI samarpita rUci ke bAre meM rAya/rUci jAgaraNa kI saMbhAvanA tathA upAya Adi para vicAra hoM, bheja deN| AmaMtrita vidvAna apane Alekha kI 3 pratiyA~ phAlguna parNimA taka Ayojaka ko bheja deM tAki usakI prati AmaMtrita vidvAnoM ko adhyayanArtha bhejI jA ske| 9.12.02 . pI. sI. jaina, kolakAtA- 1 uttama vAtAvaraNa, zodha kI dRSTi se bahuta prazaMsanIya suvidhAe~, nirantara vikasita ho| shubhkaamnaaeN| 19.12.02 - DaoN. rAjendra mizra prAcArya - zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, bAlAjI apArTamenTa, snehalatAgaMja, indaura - 452004 kundakunda jJAnapITha meM zodha se sambaddha atyAdhunika suvidhAe~ upalabdha haiN| zreSTha granthAlaya kA honA ise zreSTha saMsthAnoM meM sammilita karatA hai| shubhkaamnaaeN| 19.12.02 . pro. prahalAda tivArI vibhAgAdhyakSa - gaNita, zAsakIya holkara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura - 452017 bahuta acchA vaataavrnn| 19.12.02 - pro. navIna jaina pUrva nidezaka - kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura Avazyaka sUcanA arhat vacana kA varSa 15, aMka - 1, janavarI - mArca 2003 janavarI 2003 meM prakAzya hai| jina mAnanIya sadasyoM kA sadasyatA zulka bakAyA hai unheM patra bheje jA cuke haiN| kRpayA bakAyA rAzi zIghra bhejane kA kaSTa kreN| sadasyatA zulka bakAyA hone kI sthiti meM varSa 15 ke aMka bhejanA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| AzA hai ki ApakA sahayoga hameM yathAvata avazya prApta hogaa| prakAzaka 114 arhat vacana, 14 (4). 2002

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lekhakoM hetu saMdeza 1. arhat vacana meM jaina dharma / darzana ke vaijJAnika pakSa tathA jaina itihAsa evaM purAtattva se saMbaMdhita maulika, zodhapUrNa evaM sarvekSaNAtmaka AlekhoM ko prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| 2. zodha kI guNAtmakatA evaM maulikatA ke saMrakSaNa hetu do prAdhyApakoM athavA pAramparika viSaya vizeSajJoM se parIkSita karA lene ke uparAnta hI Alekha arhat vacana meM prakAzita kiye jAte haiN| 3. zodha AlekhoM ke atirikta saMkSipta TippaNiyAM, akAdamika saMgoSThI / sammelanoM kI sUcanAe~ / AkhyAe~, Alekha evaM pustaka samIkSAe~, viziSTa gatividhiyAM, viziSTa akAdamika puraskAroM evaM prakAzanoM kI sUcanAoM ko bhI prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| 4. arhat vacana meM prakAzita kiye jAne vAle samasta lekha isa apekSA se prakAzita kiye jAte haiM ki ve na to pUrva prakAzita haiM evaM na anyatra prakAzanArtha preSita haiN| yadi pUrva preSita koI lekha anyatra prakAzita ho cukA hai to mAnanIya lekhakoM ko isakI sUcanA hameM tatkAla avazya bhejanI caahiye| 5. lekhakagaNa yadi kisI pustaka yA lekha se sandarbha grahaNa karate haiM to unheM sambaddha lekha/pastaka kA pUrNa sandarbha denA caahiye| vistata anadeza isI aMka meM pR. 116 para prakAzita haiN| kRpayA anudezoM ke anurUpa hI sandarbha dene kA kaSTa kreN| 6. lekhakagaNa apane Alekha kI do pratiyA~ TaMkita yA suvAcya hastalipi meM eka pRSThIya sArAMza sahita bhejane kA kaSTa kreN| prathama pRSTha para lekha kA zIrSaka, lekhaka/lekhakoM ke nAma evaM patrAcAra ke pUrNa pate hone caahiye| andara ke pRSThoM para lekhaka/lekhakoM ke nAma na deN| 7. lekha ke sAtha lekha ke maulika evaM aprakAzita hone kA pramANa patra avazya saMlagna kareM evaM arhat vacana meM prakAzana ke nirNaya hone taka anyatra prakAzanArtha na bhejeN| - DaoN. anupama jaina sampAdaka - arhat vacana mAnad saciva - kundakunda jJAnapITha 584, ma. gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452001 phona : 0731-2545421, 2787790 115 arhat vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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General Instructions and Informations for Contributors 1. Arhat Vacana publishes original papers, reviews of books & essays, summaries of Disertations and Ph.D. Thesis, reports of Meetings/Symposiums/Seminars/Conferences, Interviews etc. 2. Papers are published on the understanding that they have been neither published earlier and nor have been offered to any journal for publication. 3. The manuscript (in duplicate) should be sent to the following address - Dr. Anupam Jain Editor-Arhat Vacana Kundakunda Jnanapitha, 584, M. G. Road, Tukoganj, INDORE 452001 INDIA 4. The manuscript must be typed on one side of the durable white paper, in double spacing and with wide margin. The title page should contain the title of the paper, name and full address of the author. 5. The author must provide a short abstract in duplicate, not exceeding 250 words, summarising and highlighting the principal findings covered in the paper. 6. Foot-notes should be indicated by superior number running sequentially through the text. All references should be given at the end of the text. The following guidelines should be strictly followed - (i) References to books should include author's full name, complete and unabbreviated title of the book (underlined to indicate italics), volume, edition (if necessary), publisher's name, place of publication, year of publication and page number cited. For example Jain, Laxmi Chandra, Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources, Basic Mathematics, Vol.-1, Rajasthan Prakrit Bharati Sansthan, Jaipur. 1982, pp. XVI + 6. (ii) References to articles in periodicals should mention author's name, title of the article, title of the periodical, underlined volume, issue number (if required), page number and year. For example Gupta, R.C., Mahaviracarya on the Perimeter and Area of Elipse, The Mathematics Education, 8(B), PP. 17-20. 1974. (iii) In case of similar citations, full reference should be given in the first citation. In the succeeding citation abbreviated version of the title and author's name may be used. For example Jain, Exact Sciences, PP. 45 etc. 7. Line sketches should be made with black ink on white board of tracing paper. Photographic prints should be glossy with strong contrast. 8. Acknowledgements, if there be, are to be placed at the end of the paper, just before reference. 9. Only ten copies of the reprints will be given free of charge to those authors, who subscribe. Additional copies, on payment, may be ordered as soon as it is accepted for publication. 10. Devanagari words, if written in Roman Script, should be underlined. 116 Arhat Vacana, 14 (4), 2002

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agnihotra vizeSajJa zrI basaMta parAMjape kundakunda jJAnapITha meM kramaza: bAyeM se zrI ajita kAsalIvAla, zrI manmatha pATanI, DaoN. anupama jaina, zrI nAika evaM zrI basaMta parAMjape (baiThe hue) zrI basaMta parAMjape evaM zrI ajitakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla ForPrivate&Person

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I.S.S.N 0971-9024 arhat vacana bhArata sarakAra ke samAcAra-patroM ke mahApaMjIyaka se prApta paMjIyana saMkhyA 50199/88 5ndajAla kandako cayavidizamAnesara Dandaura svAmI zrI di. jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, kundakunda jJAnapITha, iMdaura se devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla dvArA 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, iMdaura se prakAzita evaM sugana grAphiksa, siTI plAjA, ma.gAM. mArga, iMdaura (phona - 2538283) dvArA mudrita mAnada sampAdaka- DaoN. anapama jaina