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The Unknown Pilgrims
commentaries on them such as the Dhavala and the Jayadhavalā; and secondary Agamas or Anuyogas, written in Sauraseni and Sanskrit. These latter are classified in four groups: Prathamānuyoga, Karaṇānuyoga, Caraṇānuyoga, Dravānuyoga.”
It is certain that, in their approach to the disciplines of asceticism and the commitment proper to ascetics, the Digambara texts, except in connection with the important divergences already mentioned, are identical in spirit to the Svetämbara texts. All these texts, which have solid foundation in Jaina doctrine, point the way to Realisation and Iteach a path that is the same in both traditions. 38
As well as the major doctrinal questions concerned with nudity, the ultimate Liberation of woman, the authenticity of the Agamas and the question of food in regard to the omniscient ones, there are also others concerning Mahāvira39 and the subject of worship. While the images of the tirthankaras among the Digambaras symbolise a radical asceticism, their subjects being depicted naked and with lowered eyes, the Svetāmbaras often adorn their status with diamonds. The expression of the ideal is here marred by a certain tendency to ostentation and a lack of restraint.
Since the first centuries, the two sampradāyas (traditions and, by an extension of usage, sects) have formed two quite distinct samghas, both of which, however, are distinctly and essentially Jaina.40 They
37 The following list is based on the very full and detailed Tables of JSK I, pp. 335-339; 348-355; and for Satkhandāgama, Dhavalä, Kaşāyaprabhsta, Jayadhavală, cf. JSK IV, p. 81; II, pp.490; 41; 323.
38 Cf. Upadhye, PSa, Introd. pp. 91-93. As well as in regards to the requirement of nudity, the life of the Digambara ascetics contains certain other minor differences from that of the Svetambara ascetics; cf. P 660 ff.
39 Cf.P 116.
40 The word sect denotes a group within a specified religion whose members adhere to the same doctrine. In the course of the centuries and due to the swirling eddies of history, it has acquired an oftimes pejorative meaning: narrowness of spirit, fanaticism. In order to avoid this connotation we prefer
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