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Tattva, Reality
289
Jiva - "Subject to samsāra", to the temporal 18
Jivas that are subject to the earthly state are of two sorts: trasa, those that move, and sthāvara, those which are motionless. 19 Among the latter type are put: the Earth (terrestrial body), Water (watery body), Vegetables (with a vegetable body); these are classed together as motionless bodies possessing one single sense, that of touch. Moving bodies include beings possessing two, three, four or five senses, the last-named being human beings.20 Among those jivas that possess five senses, a distinction is made between those which possess intelligence, the reasoning faculty and faculties of judgement and discrimination and those which do not possess these faculties.21 These distinctions are made in accordance with vyavahāra; but according to niścaya all jivas are pure, that is, they are endowed with pure existence and have only one nature; there is no distinction between them 22
asamuhado vavahārā ņiccayaņayado asaṁkhadeso vă. DravSam 10; cf. TS V, 15-16.
18 Saṁsāra means: go, wander hither and thither; the word denotes at the same time both the cycle of temporal existence, its ever-ceaseless flow until Liberation is achieved, and also the world, in the sense of worldly life with all its family and social bonds, thus a state of servitude opposed to that of the ascetic life; the phenomenal world.
19 SkrS I, 11; 7-8.
20 Cf. AS I, 8, 1, 11-13; DravSam 11; TS II, 12-14; PSa II, 90; it must be added that both divine and infernal beings are likewise subject to saṁsāra and their existence is likewise temporal. US XXXVI, 48-247 gives all details concerning each category of beings, their various types, names, descriptions,
etc.
21 Cf. DravSam 12.
22 magganagunathanehi ya caudasahi havaṁti taha asudhanaya
viņņeya sarisari savve suddhā hu suddhaņayā. DravSam 13.
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