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impure food may have been accepted. Immediately the ascetic realises the fact, the food must be taken back.
5. Vyutsarga or Kāyotsarga.
6. Tapas: one form or another of external mortification.
7. Cheda: the reduction, in accordance with the gravity of the fault committed, of the length of ascetic life counted to the ascetic from the moment of dikṣā; for example, a sadhvi who has been initiated six years can have this period reduced by one year and be deemed to have a seniority of only five years.
8. Upasthapana: a new consecration; after a serious offence the dikṣā is invalidated and the ascetic may be consecrated afresh.37
ii) Vinaya: the attitude of veneration with regard to jñāna, darśana, and caritra and of humble and respectful deference towards the ācārya, the guruni, one's seniors, both men and women.3
38
iii) Vaiyavṛtya: the sense of duty and spirit of service in regard to the ācārya, the guruni, and other members of the group, particularly the aged sădhvis.
iv) Svādhyāya: personal study of the Agamas. This is of extreme importance and in the course of it one must take the following aspects into account.
1. Vācană: the study of the meaning of words, singly and in their context.
37 For the prayaścittas, cf. ADh VII, 34-59; MA V, 164-166; SthS 733e; TS IX, 22; US XXX, 31 and P 506 ff.
38 Cf. DS IX where this last point is developed at length. Cf. for ii and iii: ADH VII, 60-81; MA V, 167-195; SthS 397a, b; TS IX, 23-24; US XXX, 3233.
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