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The Unknown Pilgrims
For example, one performs a kāyotsarga during the sāmāyika.53 The particular rite for käyotsarga consists of diverse sutras such as the sāmāyika-sūtra and of two brief sūtras specific to itself; the first sūtra gives the reasons necessitating käyotsarga. The second sutra, in a list of exceptions, mentions all involuntary movements, such as breathing, coughing, yawning, etc. which do not invalidate kayotsarga. It ends with a promise to rest silent and motionless, concentrated and in a state of renunciation of the body (at least for the time it takes to repeat one time the Nāmaskāra-mantra).54
As for the six aspects: nāma, sthāpanā, etc., the first four are concerned with the state of culpability from which kāyotsarga purifies and delivers the jiva. Kāla-kāyotsarga indicates the pariticular times when käyotsarga should be performed, while bhava-kāyotsarga is the interior disposition that leads to renunciation, abandonment of the body, of matter, of sin, in order to achieve, little by little, in silent motionlessness and a state of concentration, the highest possible degree of awareness of the jiva (ātman),55
It must be added that Jaina sculpture and iconography, both so rich, have immortalised kayotsarga. A great number of the most ancient images of the arhats depict them standing in the jinamudră posture. Among the best known, we may mention those of Elapura. Others, moreover, depict them seated in the dhyanamudrā or yogamudrā (padmāsana or paryańkāsana) posture, or again in that of ardhaparyankāsana (ardha-padmāsana), the half-paryaṁkāsana.56
53 Cf. P 712.
54 Cf. P 708; 714.
55 Cf, MA VII, 151.
56 In the ardha-paryankāsana the right foot rests on the left thigh and the left foot under the right leg; this posture is found in most of the sculptures of the South; cf. Sundara Rajan, 1975, paper no. 13, figs. 5; 11; 16; 21-23; 26-27; 29; 30-32; 34; U.P. Shah, 1975, paper no. 26, figs. 10; 19; 35; 56 and the other figs. for padmāsana and jinamudra. Another form of ardhaparyankāsana is the posture in which the left leg is bent and the other leg
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