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-closely matches Hemacandra's meanings 'contraction of facial features due to sulkiness,' and 'silence'.Probably both of them have commonly used here some earlier source which recorded thuḍumkia- with the meaning 'sulky and silent face'. PSM. has not noted any occurrence of thuḍumkia- from Prakrit literature. We can now point out at least two works, one in Prakrit and one in Apabhramśa, wherein our word is attested. In Silanka's Cauppanna-mahāpurisa-cariya, written in 869 A.D., we find it in verse no. 185 on p. 196. The text and the meaning of the Gatha are as under:
takkhaṇa-metṭākāraṇa-rosa-thuḍukkia-kaubbhaḍa-viāsā ( ? aṁ ) I sahai anunnavamtie jie suya-cumbiyam vayaṇam3 Il
(Happy is the woman) whose face lights up as, conciliatingly she kisses her young son, sulky, silent and puffed up under instantaneous and groundless anger.'
For the thudukkiya of the edited text in the cited passage. one of the Mss. reads thuḍumkiya. The Desinämamälä Mss. also have variants with -da- or -ḍukk-.
Another occurrence of thuḍumkiya- is in the Apabhramsa epic Ritthaṇemicariya of Svayambhu written towards the end of the ninth century A.D. Therein at 5, 11, 4 we find the following half-verse:
mahurahiu tahim kale thuḍukkiu
'At that time the lord of Mathurā wore a sullen and silent expression.'
Here thudukkiya- is used as a preterite verb derived from thudukk- 'to become sullen and uncommunicative', 'to scowl.'
From these two occurrences it becomes clear that though usually thuḍumkiya- referred to facial expression, 'face' was no part
3. The syntax and meaning of the Gatha are not quite clear. But that does not come in the way of making out the general context and thrust of the meaning of thuḍukkia-.
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