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PROLEGOMENA TO PRAKRITICA et JAINICA
there is a flash of lightning, and those who practise penances by entering big earthen vessels. 96
The names of the twelve adherents of the Ājiviya doctrine are given as Tāla, Tāla palamba, Uvviha, Samviha, Udaya, Avaviha, Nāiiudaya, Namudaya, Anuvālaya, Samkhavālaya, Ayambula and Kayaraya. They abstained from eating five kinds of fruits, viz., umbara, vada, bora, satara and pilankhu and are said to have given up eating roots, bulbous roots, etc.37
The Sāmaññaphala Sutta of the Buddhists, which contains an account of the doctrines of the six principal teachers contemporary with Buddha, gives an account of Gosāla's teachings from where we get the same denial of the usefulness of effort or manly vigour. “N'atthi atthakāre n'atthi parakāre n'atthi purisakāre; n'atthi balam n'atthi viriyam, n'atthi purisathāmo, n'atthi purisaparakkamothe attainment of anything does not depend either on one's own acts or on the acts of another or on human effort; there is no such thing as power or energy, or human strength or human vigour."-Digha-nikāya, Vol. II, p. 53. Every thing depends on fate, and salvation depends on a long series of births of different kinds. No change can be effected in this long series of transmigrations by any effort on the part of an individual
Dr. Barua has reviewed in an exhaustive manner all the matter available on the life and teachings of Gosāla,38 We do not intend to go here into any detailed examination of Gosāla's teachings, for which one must be referred to Dr. Barua's work. The conclusions reached by him hold up Gosāla and his teachings in a far better light of course. But the fact remains that his teachings were stubbornly 36. Aup. S. 41. for Buddhist evidence of Mahāvagga 3.12.9 for
the last of these classes, and Kassapa-Sihanāda Sutta for
ascetic practices resembling these. 37. Bhag. 8.5.330. 38. A History of Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy, Chap.
xxi. for a fuller treatment see Barua, The Ajivikas.
