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BANERJEE : ANEKĀNTAVĀDA AND LANGUAGE
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sakya, because it gives that meaning which the word conveys (sakya); and because the meaning is given in the dictionary (abhidhāna), it is called abhidheyārtha.
This abhidhā is of three kinds---yaugika, rūdha and yogarūờha. When a word gets its meaning from its derivation (i.e. root + sufficial meaning), the word is termed as yaugika word; e.g; kartā doer. When a word receives its meaning other than what is expressed by its derivative meaning, it is called rūdhi word, e.g; kusala meaning 'expert' and not "one who collects grass." The derivative meaning (=kusaṁ lāti dadāti vā iti kućalah) is not prominent here, particularly when we say karmaņi kuśalaḥ 'expert in work.' The yogarūdha word is a combination of yaugika and rūdha, and therefore, it has the significance of both, but the meaning refers to a third one, e.g. pankaja.
Lakşanā indicates the figurative meaning of a word (lakşyārtha). By lakşaņā a new meaning of a word is indicated along with the principal or current meaning of a word. How the meaning of lakşaņā is acquired, is very well-explained by Amareshwar Thakur in his Introduction (at p. 28) to the Kāvyaprakāśa of Mammața (bet. 1050 and 1100 A.D.):
"When the current meaning is barred by incompatibility and another meaning connected with the current meaning (vācyārtha) comes to be attached to the word either through usage (rūdhi=prasiddhi or prayogavāha) or for a special purpose (prayojana) then the function(urtti) by which this new meaning is presented is alled lakşaņā."
Two examples are given for lakşaņā: one is karmaņi kućalah 'expert in work' and the other isgangāyāṁ ghoṣaḥ 'a ghoşa resides in the Ganges.' Here in kurmani kusalaḥ the primary meaning of kušala 'a collector of kuśa grass' (kusam lāti iti) is barred by its figurative meaning 'expert' which meaning has come from the primary meaning as a gatherer of kusa grass, because the gathering of kusa
