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BANERJEE : THOUGHTS IN HEMACANDRA
193
(i) Śikṣā, (ii) Kalpa, (iii) Vyākaraña, (iv) Nirukta, (v) Chandaḥ, and (vi) Jyotişa. 1) Sikşā : The śikṣās including the Prātiśākhyas are
science of phonetics. It deals with letters (vowels and consonants), accents (acute, grave and circumflex), moras (short, long and prolated), efforts (yatnas) and euphonic combination. But Hemacandra did not categorically mention the name śikṣā as a separate subject of study. It is
included in the word şadanga. 2) Kalpa : The Kalpasūtras are the ritualistic texts.
It is a collection of the texts of the Samhitās which are to be applied to a particular ceremony. Hemacandra mentions Kalpasūtras (XV. 120-21). He also mentions kalpa by Paingi (XVI. 90), Kāśyapin (XVI. 90) and Kausika: (XVI. 90). Hemacandra calls the ritualistic education as
Yājñika Vidyā (XV. 120-25). 3) Vyākaraña (Grammar) : Grammar is taught for
the regulation of a language. In ancient times, there were nine authoritative grammarians and these are-Pāṇini, Aindra, Cāndra, Kāsakstsna, Kaumāra, Sākațāyans, Sārasvata, Āpisala and Śākala. Of these grammars Hemacandra has only mentioned the grammars of Pāṇini, Vārttikas of Vararuci (XVI. 92, XVI. 88, XVI. 1). The sūtras of Vārttika are called Värttikasūtrikā (XV. 120-21). From this term, it seems that both the satras of Pāṇini and Vaittikakāra were taught simultaneously. Hemacandra calls the grammarians as Padakāras (XV. 67), or Padikas (V. 122), or Lakşaņikas (XV. 118). Nirukta : The Nirukta is nothing but the explanatory text of the Vedic verses. It is sometines called the supplement to the grammar. Hemacandra calls the Nirukta as Anupadika (XV. 118).
