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SEN: SCHOOLS AND SECTS IN JAIN LITERATURE
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of the king. On the eighth and fourteenth lunar days he sacrificed two boys from each of the four castes, in the fourth month four boys from each caste, in the sixth month eight boys, and after a year sixteen boys from each caste. Whenever the king was attacked by an enemy, the priest caused eight hundred boys from each caste to be seized and performed homa 'sacrifices' with their hearts extracted alive.50 Although this story is too monstrous to deserve credence it is curious how the underlying idea of offering human sacrifice on the eve of important undertakings, hinted in the order Brahmanic literature, still lingered in the popular mind.51
In all the narrative passages in the canonical literature of the Jainas the constantly recurring formula about people performing domestic sacrifices, expiatory ceremonies, etc.,-ṇhāyākayavalikammā kayakouyamangalapāyachhitta- is used to describe the daily life of people who are not yet converted by Mahāvīra to the Nirgrantha doctrine or in respect of whom the question of conversion does not arise. All these persons, from princes to peasants, belonged apparently to the Brahmanical fold in the absence of any reference pointing to their adherence to any other creed.
Making a slight departure from the order we are following in our treatment of these various philosophical system, we shall take up at this stage some views which are associated with the Brahmanical fold.
Samkhya and Yoga
The world was created according to some by Iśvara; according to others this world with living beings and lifeless things with its variety of pleasure and pain was produced from pahāna (Pradhana). 52 The first of these two
50. Vip.S. 1.5.
51. Cf. Sat. Br. VI.ii.1.5.; XIII.vii.1.8
52. Sut.S. I.i.3.6.
