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PRAVACANASAKA,
it is from him that Vírasena studied the Siddhānta, and returning to Vātagrăma from Citrakūța, composed the commentary that came to be called Dhavalā. - This Elācārya cannot be the same as Kundakunda, because in some of the preceding verses, namely 160-61, Indranandi refers to Padmanandi of Kundakundapura, who, I think, is the same as our Kundakunda, that he wrote an exhaustive commentary, Parikarma by name, on the first three sections of Satichandāgama. Besides we know of one more Helācārya, perhaps a provincial pronunciation of the name Elācārya, a master of mântric lore, of Drāviţa-gaña, a resident of Hemagrāma in the South.' He was mainly responsible for the contents of Jvālinimata, a tāntric work, composed, mainly based on the old work of Helācārya, by Indranandi Yogīndra in S'aka 861 2. e. 939 A. D. From the way in which Indranandi speaks of Helācārya it appears that Helācārya lived pretty long before, though there is no evidence to identify him with the teacher of Vírasena referred to above. That Kundakunda had a name Elācārya must remain unproved till some other evidence or independent tradition is coming forth, because the wholesale genuineness of the tradition that Kundakunda had five naines has been suspected to be of doubtful authenticity as seen from the attribution of the name of Vakragrīva to Kundakunda.
GạDHRAPICCHA AS A NAME OF KUNDAKUNDA DISCUSSED.--Now the last name Gğdhrapiccha. It is learnt from S'ravaņa Belgola inscriptions, ranging from 1115 to 1398 A. D., that Grdhrapiccha was another name of Umāsvāti, the author of Tattvärthasūtra ;- and some of these inscriptions indicate that at times the name Grdhrapiccha was enough to mention Umāsvāti, of whom, therefore, Gțdhrapiccha might have been a very popular name. In some of these records the name of Umāsyāti, with the other name Gựdhrapiccha, comes immediately after the mention of Kundakunda's nam If Gędhrapiccha was a name also of Kundakunda, or if it was a name commoir to both Kundakunda and Umāsvāti, we expect that the inscriptions, in the ordinary course, should have referred to that. There was some speciality in Umāsvāti's being called Gưdhrapiccha, and that has been referred to in S'ravana Belgola inscription of 1433 A. D.: the great saint Umāsvāti helon to the holy family of Kundakunda, and being expert in all the dogia, compressed the range of Jaina doctrines in Sūtras; as a saint particular about the protection of living beings, he carried, as the report goes ( kila ), feathers; and since that day he came to be known, among the as Grdhrapicchācārya. The name should not be looked upon a all, because there have been Jaina authors bearing the names E and Mayūrapiccha, the first especially was a direct disciple of Um
1 See Anekānta Vol. I, p. 427 etc.; Catalogue of Sanskrt and Prakrit Mss, in C.
Berar, Iatro. p. XXIX. 2 E. C., II, 127, 117, 140, 64, 66 and 254, 3 E. C., VI, 258. 4 E. C., II, 64, 66 etc. -5 E. C., II, 258; also the introductory verses of Kanarese Dharina-pariksă,
three Grdhra. Balaka- and Mayūra-piccha are mentioned.
