New Dimensions in Jaina Logic

Author(s): Mahaprajna Acharya, Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Today and Tommorrow Printers and Publishers

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New Dimensions in Jaina Logic
therefore, logically valid concept.8 From the modal standpoint, however, he existent is vanishing every moment, and the nonexistent is merging without halt. The doctrine of the non-existence of the erect in the cause is also, therefore, not an inconsistent doctrine. The soul is never bereft of the attribute of consciousness, which implies that the real can never vanish, nor can the unreal ever arise. The soul passes through different states constantly which means that the real ceases to exist, giving place to an entity which was non-existent in the past.
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Curd, according to the doctrine of the effect in the cause, is a mere modification of milk. Between the two, therefore, there is no difference in substance. A piece of cloth, according to the believers in non-existence of the effect in the cause, is discrete entity produced from the threads, and as such it is absolutely different from the cause. According to the doctrine of existence-cum-nonexistence of the effect in the cause the atoms of earth have the potentiality of being transformed into a jar as well as a pot, but a clod of earth has no apparent competence to be transformed into a piece of cloth. It is, however, directly capable of being transformed into a jar.
Different effects have different material for their causes. They all are not produced from a single material cause. The synthetic view of the substantial and the modal potentialities alone can explain the relationship between the 'existent' and the 'non-exis-. tent' (patent and latent). There is the potentiality in the atoms of milk of being transformed directly into curd, while the same atoms can be transformed circuitously into those of cotton seeds. Milk itself is a modal form of the atoms, and no mode as such is eternal. Only the atoms are eternal. Milk, curd, earth, cotton seeds,-all these are the modes of atoms and, therefore, the present state of an entity, directly derived from any particular mode of the atoms is called 'existent' while the state circuitously derived is called, 'nonexistent' (at a particular time). The doctrine of existence-cum-nonexistence of the effect in the cause can also be explained on the basis of such 'existent' and 'non-existent' modes.
(ii) In the domain of philosophy there are two streams of thought-Realism and Nihilism or Idealism. The sensualist thinkers believe that only what is perceptible is real. According to the Jaina, Naiyāyika, Vaiśeṣika and the Samkhya systems the sensual objects are not unreal. The Buddhist system falls into two